DOCSLIB.ORG

The Prosopis Juliflora - Prosopis Pallida Complex: a Monograph

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Prosopis Juliflora - Prosopis Pallida Complex: a Monograph DFID DFID Natural Resources Systems Programme The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph NM Pasiecznik With contributions from P Felker, PJC Harris, LN Harsh, G Cruz JC Tewari, K Cadoret and LJ Maldonado HDRA - the organic organisation The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph NM Pasiecznik With contributions from P Felker, PJC Harris, LN Harsh, G Cruz JC Tewari, K Cadoret and LJ Maldonado HDRA Coventry UK 2001 organic organisation i The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph Correct citation Pasiecznik, N.M., Felker, P., Harris, P.J.C., Harsh, L.N., Cruz, G., Tewari, J.C., Cadoret, K. and Maldonado, L.J. (2001) The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph. HDRA, Coventry, UK. pp.172. ISBN: 0 905343 30 1 Associated publications Cadoret, K., Pasiecznik, N.M. and Harris, P.J.C. (2000) The Genus Prosopis: A Reference Database (Version 1.0): CD ROM. HDRA, Coventry, UK. ISBN 0 905343 28 X. Tewari, J.C., Harris, P.J.C, Harsh, L.N., Cadoret, K. and Pasiecznik, N.M. (2000) Managing Prosopis juliflora (Vilayati babul): A Technical Manual. CAZRI, Jodhpur, India and HDRA, Coventry, UK. 96p. ISBN 0 905343 27 1. This publication is an output from a research project funded by the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID. (R7295) Forestry Research Programme. Copies of this, and associated publications are available free to people and organisations in countries eligible for UK aid, and at cost price to others. Copyright restrictions exist on the reproduction of all or part of the monograph. Requests for publications, reproduction and further information should be directed to the authors at the addresses below. PJC Harris, NM Pasiecznik HDRA Coventry CV8 3LG, UK Tel: + 44 (0) 24 7630 3517 Fax: + 44 (0) 24 7663 9229 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Front cover photographs: NM Pasiecznik, PJC Harris, G Cruz and LN Harsh © 2001 HDRA Publishing. Typesetting by Chris Brooke-Harris, Steve Wills & Steve Hammett Printed and bound by Emmerson Press, Farmer Ward Road, Kenilworth, UK ii HDRA - the The Authors The Authors NM Pasiecznik G Cruz Senior Research Associate (Agroforestry) Principal Scientist HDRA Universidad de Piura Ryton Organic Gardens Ave. Ramon Mugica, Apdo. 353 Coventry CV8 3LG Piura UK Peru Fax: +44 (0) 24 7663 9229 Fax: +51 74 308888 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] P Felker JC Tewari Scientific Advisor Senior Scientist (Silviculture) Facultad de Agronomia y Agroindustrias, Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI) University Nacional de Santiago del Estero Jodhpur 342003 Av. Belgrano Rajasthan CP 4200 Santiago del Estero India Argentina Fax: +91 291740706 Fax: +54 385 4212131 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] K Cadoret PJC Harris Overseas Research Coordinator International Research Consultant HDRA HDRA Ryton Organic Gardens Ryton Organic Gardens Coventry CV8 3LG Coventry CV8 3LG UK UK Fax: +44 7663 9229 Fax: +44 (0) 24 7663 9229 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] LJ Maldonado LN Harsh Regional Coordinator Principal Scientist (Silviculture) Fundación Produce Nuevo León AC Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI) Av. Constitución 4101, Ote. Col. Fierro Jodhpur 342003 CP 64690 Rajasthan Monterrey, Nuevo León India Mexico Fax: +91 291740706 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] organic organisation iii The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank those who have supported this of the project. Thanks are offered to you all, including: project from conception and literature gathering, to Betánia Amador, Mario Antonino, Hari Behl, Ronald reviewing, publishing and dissemination. Thanks are due to Bellefontaine, Peter Bezkorowajnyj, Eduardo Bonkoungou, the Department for International Development (DFID) of Steve Bristow, Willemine Brinkman, Yahya Bukhari, Jeff the UK government for funding the production of this and Burley, Mariano Cony, Pascal Danthu, Ian Dawson, associated publications, through the Forestry Research Prabhaker Dubey, Paul Earl, Mohammed El Fadl, Henri Programme. Esbenshade, Michael Farrar, Nicanor Herrera, Soren Hald, John Hall, Henry Le Houérou, Mario Lira, Alan Pottinger, This publication would not have been possible without the Lucy Ramírez, Gurbachan Singh, Zwege Teklehaimanot, Ray support of fellow research and development workers around Ward, Peter Wood, Sarah Workman, Noel Wright and the world, who freely supplied information, literature and Helmut Zimmermann. Sincere apologies to others who have reference lists for inclusion in the monograph and the helped but who we have not acknowledged. database. Special thanks are due to those who provided large amounts of literature or information, including: Rieks van Thanks to support staff in all collaborating institutes for their Klinken (CSIRO, Australia), Paulo Cesar Lima involvement. At HDRA, special thanks are due to computer (EMBRAPA, Brazil), John Beer (CATIE, Costa Rica), Vesa resources, finance and publishing departments. At CAZRI, Kaarakka (University of Helsinki, Finland), Yves we would like to offer thanks to the Director Dr Pratap Dommergues (CIRAD, France), Pierre Sigaud (FAO, Italy), Narain, ex-Director Dr AS Faroda and to the many staff Tony Simons (ICRAF, Kenya), Ousman Diagne (ISRA- who assisted with the workshop, technical manual and DRPF, Senegal), Carl Stoltz (PPRI, South Africa), Rod subsequent training. Thanks to Luis Alban and Nora Grados Dutton (CORD, UK), Hew Prendegast (RBG Kew, UK), at the University of Piura, Peru, and Carlos Rodriguez Colin Hughes (OFI, UK) and Mark Powell (Winrock, USA). Franco, Director of the Forestry Section at INIFAP, Mexico, and also John Palmer and Duncan Macqueen at NRIL, UK Many others assisted with provision of literature, information and Dr JS Samra, Dr GB Singh and Dr PS Pathak at ICAR, in response to specific questions, or reviews at various stages India for facilitating project activities. iv HDRA - the Foreword Foreword There is a long list of tropical tree species that have, over The genus Prosopis epitomises this dilemma. Not only does the last 30 years or so, appeared to offer outstanding solutions it include species which grow where virtually nothing else to the land use problems of the tropical and the developing will, it also produces food and a high quality wood for fuel world. Various eucalyptus, tropical and subtropical pines, and many other purposes. On the other hand its very vigour Leucaena leucocephala (‘ipil-ipil’) are just a few that have and competitiveness makes it a formidable invader of other captured the stage at different times. The enormous impacts land use systems, such as grazing lands. Furthermore, on human food security that resulted from the green movement of germplasm between countries in the past has revolution suggested to non-foresters and foresters alike that not always been well-documented, so there is often some there must be potentially similar increases in yield available doubt about the original source and sometimes even about from the identification and cultivation of hitherto little- the identity of the species concerned. known trees. A major difference between plantation and agroforestry and irrigated agriculture, of course, was that The authors of this exhaustive text on the Prosopis juliflora - there were many more species of tree than of staple food Prosopis pallida complex have produced an information source crops. A result of this has been a concentration of research which is a landmark in the clarification of many of these effort on provenance or land race selection rather than issues. No book is the final word on its subject but this one genetic improvement, with some notable exceptions. But should last a long time and provide a vital and accessible ‘miracle’ trees, as the authors of this monograph remind us, source of information for scientists, managers, farmers, have remained elusive. And introductions and trials of exotic foresters and students. As for the future of the genus and species and provenances have not only provided evidence this particular species complex, its continuing contribution of rapid growth but have also highlighted risks of them to human welfare will depend on usable knowledge and its becoming noxious weeds. There is thus a conflict between a application, which is the basis of wise management. In my tree producing biomass quickly and its potential impact on view, informed managers will be wise to have this book at other species in the farming system and in the rural their elbow. landscape. Peter Wood March 2000 organic organisation v The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph vi HDRA - the Preface Preface Prosopis juliflora and Prosopis pallida are two of the most how and why these species were selected for special attention, economically and ecologically important tree species in arid before describing the genus Prosopis in general and its and semi-arid zones of the world. Considerable literature on relationship to humankind. Chapter two covers the these species exists in various languages, as scientific and complicated area of Prosopis taxonomy, also species popular papers, books and as ‘grey literature’, published in descriptions, biology and ecology, giving a clearer regional or less well known journals. The most complete understanding of what
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Taxonomic Revision of Genus Prosopis L. in Egypt
    International Journal of Environment Volume : 04 | Issue : 01 | Jan-Mar. | 2015 ISSN: 2077-4508 Pages: 13-20 Taxonomic revision of genus Prosopis L. in Egypt Abd El Halim A. Mohamed and Safwat A. Azer Flora and Phytotaxonomy Researches Department, Horticultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to survey the new record invasive alien Prosopis juliflora and clarifies the taxonomic relationships among genus Prosopis L. in Egypt. The wild species are Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) Macbride and Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. The cultivated species are Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce; Prosopis glandulosa Torr. and Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth. Based on morphological traits, the numerical analysis divided the Prosopis species into three clusters. Cluster one included: Prosopis glandulosa and Prosopis juliflora. Cluster two included: Prosopis farcta and Prosopis cineraria. Cluster three included: Prosopis strombulifera. According to the degree of similarity, the species of cluster one had the highest ratio (75%) followed by (55.6%) between the species of cluster two. Moreover, the highest ratio (33.3%) was recorded between Prosopis strombulifera and Prosopis juliflora, while the lowest ratio (20.8%) was recorded between Prosopis strombulifera and Prosopis cineraria. This work recoded Prosopis juliflora to the Flora of Egypt. Key words: Taxonomy, Prosopis, alien species, numerical analysis, similarity level, Egypt. Introduction The genus Prosopis L. belongs to the family Leguminosae, subfamily Mimosoideae, tribe Mimosae (Burkart, 1976; Sherry et al., 2011). It comprises 44 species and five sections based on observed morphological differences among studied taxa (Burkart, 1976). The five sections included: Prosopis; Anonychium; Strombocarpa; Monilicarpa and Algarobia (Burkart, 1976; Landeras et al., 2004; Elmeer and Almalki, 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Note 37: Identification, Ecology, Use, and Culture of Sitka
    TECHNICAL NOTES _____________________________________________________________________________________________ US DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE Portland, OR April 2005 PLANT MATERIALS No. 37 Identification, Ecology, Use and Culture of Sitka Alder Dale C. Darris, Conservation Agronomist, Corvallis Plant Materials Center Introduction Sitka alder [Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC. subsp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. Löve] is a native deciduous shrub or small tree that grows to height of 20 ft, occasionally taller. Although a non-crop species, it has several characteristics useful for reclamation, forestry, and erosion control. The species is known for abundant leaf litter production, the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in association with Frankia bacteria, and a strong fibrous root system. Where locally abundant, it naturally colonizes landslide chutes, areas of stream scour and deposition, soil slumps, and other drastic disturbances resulting in exposed minerals soils. These characteristics make Sitka alder particularly useful for streambank stabilization and soil building on impoverished sites. In addition, its low height and early slowdown in growth rate makes it potentially more desirable than red alder (Alnus rubra) to interplant with conifers such as Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menzieii) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) where soil fertility is moderate to low. However, high densities can hinder forest regeneration efforts. The species may also be useful as a fast growing shrub row in field windbreaks. Sitka alder is most abundant at mid to subalpine elevations. Low elevation seed sources (below 100 m) are uncommon but probably provide the best material for reclamation and erosion control projects on valley floors and terraces. Distribution and Identification Sitka alder (Alnus viridis subsp. sinuata) is a native deciduous shrub or small tree that grows to a height of 1-6 m (3-19 ft) in the mountains and 6-12 m (19-37ft) at low elevations.
    [Show full text]
  • Cloning of Elite, Multipurpose Trees of the Prosopis Juliflora/Pallida Complex in Piura, Peru
    Agroforestry Systems 54: 173–182, 2002. 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Cloning of elite, multipurpose trees of the Prosopis juliflora/pallida complex in Piura, Peru L. Alban1, M. Matorel1, J. Romero1, N. Grados1, G. Cruz1 and P. Felker2 1 Unidad de Proyectos Ambientales. Universidad de Piura, Piura, Peru; 2 Secretaria de Produccion y Media Ambiente, Santiago del Estero, Argentina Received 25 May 2000; accepted in revised form 10 January 2001 Key words: algarrobo, arid, budding, mesquite, nitrogen fixation Abstract The nitrogen fixing trees of the Prosopis juliflora/P. pallida complex are among the most adaptable and fastest growing trees in the truly tropical arid regions and have become naturalized in semi-arid tropics in Latin America, the Caribbean, Hawaii, Sahelian Africa, the Indian subcontinent and northern Australia. The trees have been regarded both as a serious weed and as a valuable resource for firewood and dune stabilization. Unfortunately the introductions into Sahelian Africa and the Indian subcontinent were from trees that had non-palatable pods. Despite their widespread occurrence, seed from a genetic improve- ment program is not available. Peruvian Prosopis has rapid growth, erect form and high survival of in Haiti, Cape Verde and India. An evaluation of form, diameter at breast height, pod production and pod palatability was conducted in a 10 year old plantation of 1,800 trees in Piura, Peru and seven were selected that had: more than 20 cm DBH; an erect form; 100% of branches with pods; and pods with a very sweet flavor. Scions and budwood were taken from these trees and successively grafted onto greenhouse grown stock plants to be used for clonal multiplication.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Germination and Early Seedling Survival of the Invasive Species Prosopis Juliflora (Fabaceae) Depend on Habitat and Seed Dispersal Mode in the Caatinga Dry Forest
    Seed germination and early seedling survival of the invasive species Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae) depend on habitat and seed dispersal mode in the Caatinga dry forest Clóvis Eduardo de Souza Nascimento1,2, Carlos Alberto Domingues da Silva3,4, Inara Roberta Leal5, Wagner de Souza Tavares6, José Eduardo Serrão7, José Cola Zanuncio8 and Marcelo Tabarelli5 1 Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Semi-Árido, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brasil 2 Departamento de Ciências Humanas, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Juazeiro, Bahia, Brasil 3 Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil 4 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil 5 Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil 6 Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd. (APRIL), PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP), Pangkalan Kerinci, Riau, Indonesia 7 Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil 8 Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil ABSTRACT Background: Biological invasion is one of the main threats to tropical biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC. (Fabales: Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) was introduced in the Caatinga dry forest of Northeast Brazil at early 1940s and successfully spread across the region. As other invasive species, it may benefit from the soils and seed dispersal by livestock. Here we examine how seed Submitted 22 November 2018 Accepted 5 July 2020 dispersal ecology and soil conditions collectively affect seed germination, early Published 3 September 2020 seedling performance and consequently the P.
    [Show full text]
  • Marketing Brochure (Updated 2021)
    DSA MARKETING MATE RI ALS DSA 2019-2020 Catalogue SKU: 3017 Price: No Charge Wynstellar Collection Catalogue SKU: 3021 Price: No Charge DSA 2021 Price Guide SKU: 3018 Price: No Charge PRINTED PRICE 2021 PRICE GUIDE COMING SOON! PDF 2021 Price Guide available now Stain Sample Keyring SKU: /DSA STAIN SAMP Price: No Charge 2-1/4” X 4” Stain Samples Finishes: Coco, Russet, Chestnut Wood Species: Mahogany & Knotty Alder 6 total stain samples Wynstellar Sample Keyring SKU: /DSA STAIN SAMP Price: No Charge 3” X 4” Stain Samples Finishes: Ebony & CInnamon Bark Wood Species: Accoya 2 total stain samples Glass Sample SKU: GLASS SAMPLE Price: $20.00 Shipping Cost: $15.00 Ships Via: UPS 3” X 3” Panes Overall Size: 13” X 6-3/4” Glass Types: Rain, Flemish, Clear Beveled, Sandblasted, Gluechip, Grain IG Low E, White Laminated, and Fluted IG Low E Miniature Wynstellar Bi Fold Door SKU: 3037-FD Price: $900.00 Crating Cost: $100.00 Shipping Cost: $175.00 ShipsVia: Averrit *can be shipped with existing order to avoid seperate S&H - crating still applies 13” X 27” Door Panels Dual-Finished : Ebony & Primed (back) Timber: Accoya Clear Ig Low E Glass Overall Size: 48” X 36” Mahogany Pre-Hung Sample SKU: 3006 Price: $100 Shipping Cost: $50 Ships Via: UPS 17-3/4” X 19-1/2” Frame Size Timber: Mahoghany Knotty Alder Pre-Hung Sample SKU: 3006 Price: $100 Shipping Cost: $50 Ships Via: UPS 17-3/4” X 19-1/2” Frame Size Timber: Knotty Alder Mahogany Corner Cut Samples SKU: 3001 Price: $40 Shipping Cost: $30 Ships Via: UPS 12” X 12” Sample Timber: Mahogany Coco, Russet,
    [Show full text]
  • Grãos De Pólen De Espécies Ocorrentes Na
    GRÃOS DE PÓLEN DE ESPÉCIES OCORRENTES NA UNIDADE DE CONSERVAÇÃO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO ESPINILHO, BARRA DO QUARAÍ, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL Jefferson Nunes Radaeski 1 Andreia Cardoso Pacheco Evaldt 1 Soraia Girardi Bauermann 1 ABSTRACT The vegetation “Savana Estépica Parque” in “Parque Estadual do Espinilho” have its only remaining in Brazil, at the westernmost portion of the Rio Grande do Sul, in the Barra Quaraí municipality. This study is aimed to analyze the pollen morphology of angiosperm species present in the study area of the “Unidade de Conservação Parque Estadual do Espinilho”. Botanical material was collected, and herbaria were consulted to obtain pollen material, processed by acetolysis technique. Pollen grains of the 45 species are presented (one magnoliid, five monocots and 39 eudicots). Among the species are Prosopis affinis Spreng., Prosopis nigra Hieron., Vachellia caven (Molina) Seigler & Ebinger and Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco Schltdl that characterize the formation “Savana Estépica Parque” . The results of this work contribute to studies of Quaternary palynology under development in “Savana Estépica Parque” vegetation , besides enabling the determination of the areas once cov ered by the “Savana Estépica Parque” in the past, in Rio Grande do Sul, since it is estimated that the area of occurrence of this vegetation decreased significantly from the beginning of Holocene. Keywords: Pollen morphology, “Savana Estépica Parque”, “Pampa” Biome. RESUMO O Parque Estadual do Espinilho abriga vegetação caracterizada como Savana Estépica Parque que tem seu único remanescente no país localizado no extremo oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, em Barra do Quaraí. Este estudo objetivou analisar a morfologia polínica das espécies de angiospermas que vivem na Unidade de Conservação Parque Estadual do Espinilho.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study on the Potential of the Multipurpose Prosopis Tree
    23 Underutilised crops for famine and poverty alleviation: a case study on the potential of the multipurpose Prosopis tree N.M. Pasiecznik, S.K. Choge, A.B. Rosenfeld and P.J.C. Harris In its native Latin America, the Prosopis tree (also known as Mesquite) has multiple uses as a fuel wood, timber, charcoal, animal fodder and human food. It is also highly drought-resistant, growing under conditions where little else will survive. For this reason, it has been introduced as a pioneer species into the drylands of Africa and Asia over the last two centuries as a means of reclaiming desert lands. However, the knowledge of its uses was not transferred with it, and left in an unmanaged state it has developed into a highly invasive species, where it encroaches on farm land as an impenetrable, thorny thicket. Attempts to eradicate it are proving costly and largely unsuccessful. In 2006, the problem of Prosopis was hitting the headlines on an almost weekly basis in Kenya. Yet amidst calls for its eradication, a pioneering team from the Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) and HDRA’s International Programme set out to demonstrate its positive uses. Through a pilot training and capacity building programme in two villages in Baringo District, people living with this tree learned for the first time how to manage and use it to their benefit, both for food security and income generation. Results showed that the pods, milled to flour, would provide a crucial, nutritious food supplement in these famine-prone desert margins. The pods were also used or sold as animal fodder, with the first international order coming from South Africa by the end of the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Patterns of Variation Within the Central-European Tephroseris Longifolia Agg.: Karyological and Morphological Study
    Preslia 87: 163–194, 2015 163 Exploring patterns of variation within the central-European Tephroseris longifolia agg.: karyological and morphological study Karyologická a morfologická variabilita v rámci Tephroseris longifolia agg. Katarína O l š a v s k á1, Barbora Šingliarová1, Judita K o c h j a r o v á1,3, Zuzana Labdíková2,IvetaŠkodová1, Katarína H e g e d ü š o v á1 &MonikaJanišová1 1Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovakia, e-mail: [email protected]; 2Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Matej Bel, Tajovského 40, SK-97401 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia; 3Comenius University, Bratislava, Botanical Garden – detached unit, SK-03815 Blatnica, Slovakia Olšavská K., Šingliarová B., Kochjarová J., LabdíkováZ.,ŠkodováI.,HegedüšováK.&JanišováM. (2015): Exploring patterns of variation within the central-European Tephroseris longifolia agg.: karyological and morphological study. – Preslia 87: 163–194. Tephroseris longifolia agg. is an intricate complex of perennial outcrossing herbaceous plants. Recently, five subspecies with rather separate distributions and different geographic patterns were assigned to the aggregate: T. longifolia subsp. longifolia, subsp. pseudocrispa and subsp. gaudinii predominate in the Eastern Alps; the distribution of subsp. brachychaeta is confined to the northern and central Apennines and subsp. moravica is endemic in the Western Carpathians. Carpathian taxon T. l. subsp. moravica is known only from nine localities in Slovakia and the Czech Republic and is treated as an endangered taxon of European importance (according to Natura 2000 network). As the taxonomy of this aggregate is not comprehensively elaborated the aim of this study was to detect variability within the Tephroseris longifolia agg.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Prosopis Juliflora Managing
    Department For International DFID Development ManagingManaging ProsopisProsopis juliflorajuliflora (Vilayati(Vilayati babul)babul) AA TechnicalTechnical ManualManual INTRODUCTION India covers an area of 3.29 million km2. Of this total, 51% is characterised as arable land, 16% as forest, 4% as permanent pasture and other grazing land, and 29% as degraded land unsuitable for cultivation. The eco-climate of the country varies from extreme arid to super humid. The arid and semi-arid regions together constitute over 40% of the country’s total land surface and are spread over ten States (Table 1). The climatic conditions in these areas do not support much growth and regeneration of plant species. Consequently, the vegetation is quite sparse. The forest cover in arid and semi-arid tracts of India varies from 1 to 10%. Furthermore, the forests in these regions are not species rich. Table 1. Extent of arid and semi-arid regions in India. State Percentage of total land area Arid Semi-arid Andhra Pradesh 7 14 Gujarat 20 9 Haryana 4 3 Karnataka 3 15 Madhya Pradesh 0 6 Maharashtra <1 20 Punjab 5 3 Rajasthan 61 13 Tamil Nadu 0 10 Uttar Pradesh 0 7 From time immemorial, human populations in arid and semi-arid regions have used the forest/woody resources freely for subsistence agriculture and for other small-scale economic activities like iron working and carpentry. Trees in the farming systems of arid and semi-arid tracts supply considerable amounts of timber, fuel and fodder. However, with ever increasing human and livestock population pressure during the last half century, deforestation has reached an alarming stage.
    [Show full text]
  • Template for Electronic Submission of Organic Letters
    Anais VII Simpósio da Amazônia Meridional em Ciências Ambientais: Resumos Expandidos I – Scientific Electronic Archives. Vol 11: 2018, Special Edition ANAIS VII SIMPÓSIO DA AMAZÔNIA MERIDIONAL EM CIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS: RESUMOS EXPANDIDOS – VOL I. “Amazônia de transição: Origem, desenvolvimento e perspectivas futuras" Realização Apoio Sinop, MT, 2018 103 Anais VII Simpósio da Amazônia Meridional em Ciências Ambientais: Resumos Expandidos I – Scientific Electronic Archives. Vol 11: 2018, Special Edition UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MATO GROSSO CÂMPUS UNIVERSITÁRIO DE SINOP INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS NATURAIS, HUMANAS E SOCIAIS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS AMBIENTAIS NÚCLEO DE ESTUDOS DA BIODIVERSIDADE DA AMAZÔNIA MATO-GROSSENSE COMITÊ CIENTÍFICO VII SIMAMCA ADILSON PACHECO DE SOUZA ANDERSON BARZOTTO ANDRÉA CARVALHO DA SILVA CRISTIANO ALVES DA COSTA DANIEL CARNEIRO DE ABREU DÊNIA MENDES DE SOUZA VALLADÃO DOMINGOS DE JESUS RODRIGUES EDJANE ROCHA DOS SANTOS FABIANA DE FÁTIMA FERREIRA FABIANO ANDRE PETTER FELICIO GUILARDI JUNIOR FLÁVIA RODRIGUES BARBOSA GENEFER ELECIANNE RAIZA DOS SANTOS JACQUELINE KERKHOFF JEAN REINILDES PINHEIRO JULIANE DAMBROS KLEBER SOLERA LARISSA CAVALHEIRO DA SILVA LEANDRO DÊNIS BATTIROLA LUCÉLIA NOBRE CARVALHO LÚCIA YAMAZAKI LUIS FELIPE MORETTI INIESTA MARLITON ROCHA BARRETO MONIQUE MACHINER RAFAEL CAMILO CUSTÓDIO ARIAS RAFAEL SOARES DE ARRUDA RAFAELLA TELES ARANTES FELIPE RENATA ZACHI DE OSTI ROBERTO DE MORAES LIMA SILVEIRA SHEILA RODRIGUES DO NASCIMENTO PELISSARI SOLANGE MARIA BONALDO TALITA BENEDCTA SANTOS KÜNAST URANDI
    [Show full text]
  • Cooperative Breeding and Demography of Yellow Cardinal
    ISSN (impISSNresso/printed) (printed) 0103-5657 ISSN (on-line) 2178-7875 Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia Volume 25 Issue 1 www.museu-goeldi.br/rbo March 2017 PublicadaPublished pela / Published by the by the Sociedade BrasileirBraziliana de Orn iOrnithologicaltologia / Brazil iSocietyan Ornithological Society RioBelém Grande - P -A RS ISSN (impresso/printed) 0103-5657 ISSN (on-line) 2178-7875 Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia Revista Brasileira EDITOR IN CHIEF Leandro Bugoni, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS E-mail: [email protected] MANAGING OFFICE ArVitortigos Moretti publicados and Regina na de R Siqueiraevista BuenoBrasileira de Ornitologia são indexados por: Biological Abstract, Scopus (Biobase, Geobase e EMBiology) e Zoological Record. de Ornitologia ASSOCIATE EDITORS Evolutionary Biology: Fábio Raposo do Amaral, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP Manuscripts published by RevistaGustavo Br asileiSebastiánra Cabanne,de Ornitologia Museo Argentino are c odev eCienciasred b yNaturales the foll “Bernadinoowing indexingRivadavia”, Buenosdatabases: Aires, Argentina Biological Abstracts, ScopusJason D. (Weckstein,Biobase, Field Geobase, Museum ofand Natural EM HistoryBiology),, Chicago, and USA Zoological Records. Behavior: Carla Suertegaray Fontana, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS Cristiano Schetini de Azevedo, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG Eduardo S. Santos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Bibliotecas de referência para o depósito da versão impressa: Biblioteca do Museu de Zoologia Conservation:da USP, SP; Biblioteca doAlexander Museu Lees, N Manchesteracional, MetropolitanRJ; Biblioteca University do, Manchester, Museu UKParaense Emílio Goeldi, Ecology: PA; National Museum of CaioNatural Graco HMachado,istory UniversidadeLibrary, S Estadualmithsonian de Feira Idenstitution, Santana, Feira USA; de Santana, Louisiana BA State Systematics, Taxonomy,Universit andy, M Distribution:useum of NaturalLuciano Science, N.
    [Show full text]
  • (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), a New Host Plant
    de Moraes Manica et al., Forest Res 2012, 1:3 Forest Research http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2168-9776.1000109 Open Access Rapid Communication Open Access Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), A New Host Plant for Poekilloptera phalaenoides (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Flatidae) Clovis Luiz de Moraes Manica1, Ana Claudia Ruschel Mochko1, Marcus Alvarenga Soares2 and Evaldo Martins Pires1* 1Federal University of Mato Grosso, 78557-000 Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil 2Federal University of Vale do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, 39100-000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil Abstract Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) is a plant common in the forests of the Amazon, can still be found in forest fragments and also near to urban area. Adults and nymphs of Poekilloptera phalaenoides (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Flatidae) were found colonizing S. paniculatum in Sinop, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, during the months of June and July 2012. This is the first record of this insect in the municipality of Sinop and on plants of S. paniculatum which can be considered a new host plant for this specie, which can be considered as a new host plant for this insect due to the fact been observed all stages of the life cycle of P. phalaenoides. Keywords: Host plant; Adults; Immatures; Gregarious habit production of firewood and charcoal, can be compared to eucalyptus [3]. Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) is a native plant of the Brazilian Amazon, can still be found in Guyana, Poekilloptera phalaenoides (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Peru, Suriname and Venezuela [1]. In Brazil, there is reports to the Auchenorrhyncha: Flatidae) is recorded from Mexico through and states of Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso and Minas Gerais [2].
    [Show full text]