Undeclared Wars with Israel: East Germany and the West German Far Left, 1967–1989 Jeffrey Herf Index More Information

Home , Coastal Road massacre, Lod Airport massacre, Operation Entebbe

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08986-0 - Undeclared Wars with Israel: East Germany and the West German Far Left, 1967–1989 Jeffrey Herf Index More information

Index

Abendroth, Wolfgang, see SDS, West Albrecht, Dieter, 131 . See also Gerhard German, 79 – 80 Weiss Abd, Abadallah Mohammed, 372 . See Al Fatah, 5 , 8 , 11 , 15 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 101 , also Syria 104 – 105 , 148 – 150 , 154 , 159 – 160 , 165 , Abdalla, Jogo Ores, 319 – 320 . See Entebbe 169 – 170 , 172 – 75 , 178 – 181 , 200 – 201 , hijacking ; Uganda ; United Nations 205 , 210 , 254 , 263 , 269 , 283 – 284 , Action Friendship, 314 , 344 , 356 – 358 , 339 , 352 , 356 , 366 – 368 , 389 – 392 , 438 . See also East Germany, Ministry of 393 , 400 , 453 . See also Arafat, Yasser ; State Security Kaddoumi, Farouk ; Palestine Liberation Action Organisation for the Liberation of Organization (PLO) Palestine (AOLP), 107 Allgemeine unabhängige Jüdische Adenauer, Konrad, 1 , 12 , 74 , 76 , 110 , Wochenzeitung , 186 , 204 – 205 , 208 . See 119 , 182 also Allgemeine jüdische Wochenzeitung ; Adorno, Theodor, 83 , 98 , 336 Berliner Allgemeine Jüdische Afghanistan, 74 , 289 , 306 , 358 , 363 , Wochenzeitung ; Central Council of Jews 382 , 423 in Germany ; Galinski, Heinz ; Ginsberg, Afro-Asian Solidarity Committee (AASK), Alexander 63 , 155 , 157 , 163 , 198 . See also East Algeria, 37 , 42 – 43 , 56 , 62 , 70 – 71 , 80 , 147 , Germany 150 , 164 , 166 , 217 – 218 , 289 , 312 , 358 , Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity 363 , 378 , 402 , 420 – 421 , 423 Organization (AAPSO), 63 . See also Allon, Joseph, 261 Soviet Union Allon, Yigal, 168 – 169 . See also Israel Agit 883, 103 , 105 , 465 . See also “Shalom Altvater, Elmar, 82 . See also SDS, and Napalm” West German Agrexco, 328 , 333 . See also Revolutionary Al Thaura , 177 – 179 , 182 , 465 . See Cells also General Union of Palestinian Air France, 21 , 117 , 158 , 172 , 317 , 320 , Students (GUPS) 326 , 332 , 355 , 403 . See also Entebbe Amin, Malik, 61 . See also Baath hijacking Party, Syria AK-47, 50 , 127 – 128 , 132 – 133 , 136 – 138 , Amin, Idi, 21 , 170 , 323 , 330 , 336 , 146 , 242 , 357 – 358 , 361 , 363 – 364 , 421 . 340 – 341 , 458 ; praise for Hitler See also East Germany ; Kalashnikov and Holocaust, 170 – 172 , 318 – 319 ; assault weapon exchange of greetings with Yasser Arafat, Akel, Samil Al-, 435 . See also Syria 323 – 324 . See also Entebbe hijacking

471

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08986-0 - Undeclared Wars with Israel: East Germany and the West German Far Left, 1967–1989 Jeffrey Herf Index More information

472 Index

Amman, Jordan, 99 , 152 , 183 , 188 , 263 ; on, 111 – 113 , 430 , 434 , 447 , 450 , 458 , Dieter Kunzelmann’s “letter from 460 ; United Nations and, 290 – 298 ; Amman,” 105 , 108 Farouk Khaddoumi on, 293 , 301 – 303 ; Amouri, Abdul Menem Al-, 368 – 370 , and anti-Semitism in Entebbe, 319 ; 435 . See also Palestine Liberation Revolutionary Cells and, 328 – 329 ; Organization (PLO) See also anti-Semitism ; Claussen, Amsterdam, 21 , 116 , 188 , 465 Detlev ; Diner, Dan ; Galinski, Heinz ; Andersch, Alfred, 87 Honecker, Erich ; Khaddoumi, Farouk ; Anderson, Jack, 427 Kunzelmann, Dieter ; Meinhof, Ulrike ; Angola, 72 – 74 , 294 , 344 , 358 , 363 , 423 Moynihan, Daniel P.; PLO Charter ; An Nahar , on civilian casualties in Schmierer, Joscha ; Ulbricht, Walter ; Lebanon War in 1982, 429 United Nations Resolution 3279 Anti-cosmopolitan purges, 3 – 4 , 6 , 14 , 27 , Arab League, 37 , 50 , 97 , 338 , 437 35 – 36 , 46 , 55 , 451 Arab Liberation Front, 173 – 174 , 272 , Anti-fascism: changing meaning of, 367 , 400 . See also Palestine Liberation 20 ; solidarity with fedayeen, 104 ; as Organization anti-imperialism, 192 ; and antagonism Arafat, Yasser, ix, 8 , 15 , 30 – 31 , 107 – 108 , to Israel, 342 . See also Kunzelmann, 159 , 351 – 352 , 356 , 366 , 383 , 389 – 391 , Dieter ; Meinhof, Ulrike 409 , 411 ; 450–451, 456 , 458 , 460 ; visits Anti-imperialism, 36 – 37 , 84 – 85 , 88 , to East Germany, 155 – 158 , 198 – 200 , 290 , 450 . See also Ulbricht, Walter ; 271 – 273 , 281 , 314 – 315 , 411 , 416 , anti-Zionism 441 ; on Black September attack on Anti-Semitism, xii-xiii, 8 – 10 , 21 , 24 , Munich Olympics, 161 , 167 , 170 – 174 ; 26 – 27 , 35 , 52 – 53 , 77 , 80 – 81 , 87 , correspondence and meetings with Erich 94 , 96 , 98 , 145 , 161 , 245 – 248 , Honecker, 193 – 197 , 201 – 202 , 204 , 213 , 285 , 434 , 450 – 455 , 457 – 461 ; 275 , 280 , 428 ; on Israeli invasion of accusation rejected as slander, 164 ; Lebanon, 416 – 418 , 426 , 428 , 430 – 433 , philo-semitism said to be a form of, 437 ; at United Nations, 257 , 278 , 320 ; 85 – 86 ; and West German left, 102 , and Idi Amin, 323 – 324 ; at memorial 109 ; West German Jewish leaders to victims of fascism in East Berlin, on, 106 , 110 – 112 , 145 , 186 – 187 ; 342 – 343 ; on 1989 in Eastern Europe, Idi Amin’s, 171 , 182 – 183 , 317 – 319 ; 443 . See also Palestine Liberation Ulrike Meinhof and, 190 – 193 ; Joscha Organization Schmeier calls accusation “old Zionist Arbeiterkampf , 283 – 285 . See also trick,” 286 – 287 ; “Zionism is racism” K-Gruppen ; Kommunistische Bund ; resolution at United Nations as, Reents, Jürgen 288 – 298 ; Chaim Herzog on, 295 – 298 ; Aref, Abdel Rahmen, 41 . See also Iraq ; Daniel P. Moynihan on, 298 – 300 ; West Six-Day War German Revolutionary Cells, 328 , 334 ; Aris, Helmut, 52 . See also Jews in East Hans Joachim Klein on, 329 , 334 – 337 ; Germany ; Six-Day War Mustafa Tlass’ The Matzo of Zion , As Safa , 261 . See also Beirut. Popular Front 377 – 380 . See also anti-Zionism ; Amin, for the Liberation-General Command Idi ; Herzog, Chaim ; Galinski, Heinz ; Assad, Hafez al-, 23 , 29 , 31 , 234 , 240 , 358 , Khaddoumi, Farouk ; Kunzelmann, 360 , 370 , 383 , 437 ; visits East Germany Dieter ; Meinhof, Ulrike ; Moynihan, in 1978, 372 – 374 . See also Syria Daniel ; Tlass, Mustafa ; Tekoah, Yosef ASTA (Allgemeine Studenten Ausschuss) , Anti-Zionism, 1 – 2 , 4 , 8 , 10 , 14 , 23 – 24 , 114 , 181 , 223 , 283 . See also Universities, 26 – 27 , 55 , 58 , 95 , 98 , 106, 249 , 286 , West German 317 , 336 – 337 , 342 , 380 , 430 , 434 , 447 , Atasi, Nur ad-Din al-, 46 . See also Syria 450 , 458 , 460 ; West German Jewish Aust, Stefan, 19 , 24 . See also Red Army leaders on, 110 – 111 ; Mathias Walden Faction

Index 473

Axen, Herman, 30 , 48 , 64 , 146 – 147 , 155 , Ben-Natan, Asher, 97 – 111 , 113 . See also 157 , 199 , 234 , 365 , 412 . See also East Israel ; SDS, West German Germany, Politburo Berlin: See East Berlin ; West Berlin Ayad, Abu (Salah Khalaf), 161 , 345-346 , Berlin-Schönefeld Airport, 208 – 209 , 367 , 349 , 352 , 459 ; policy toward terrorism, 371 , 374 , 411 , 458 354 – 356 . See also East German Ministry Berlin Wall, 6 , 13 , 25 , 212 , 290 , 325 , of State Security (Stasi) ; Palestine 373 , 443 Liberation Organization Berliner Allgemeine Jüdische Azores Islands, 222 . See also Operation Wochenzeitung , 335 , 341 . See also Nickel Grass Allgemeine jüdische Wochenzeitung ; Allgemeine unabhängige Jüdische Baader, Andreas, 161 , 191 . See also Wochenzeitung Baader-Meinhof group Bild-Zeitung , 78 Baader-Meinhof group, 32 , 164 . See also Black Panther Party in United States, Red Army Faction 164 , 326 Baath Party: 84 , 122 in Syria, 59 , 61 , Black September organization, 32 , 267 , 391 ; in Iraq, 142 . See also East 117 – 118 , 172 – 174 , 177 , 179 , 182 , 184 , Germany 188 – 193 , 329 , 336 , 345 , 458 ; attack Bahr, Egon: correspondence with Heinz on the Israelis at the Munich Olympics, Galinski, 206 – 208 161 – 167 Baghdad, 37 , 112 , 120 , 137 , 139 , 141 , Blank, Bernhard, 82 . See also SDS, West 255 – 256 , 268 , 330 , 332 , 350 , 358 – 359 . German See also Iraq Block, Dora, 318 . See also Entebbe Bakr, General Ahmad Hassan al-, 142 . See hijacking ; Amin, Idi also Baath Party, Iraq Bloch, Ernst, 87 Balfour Declaration, 93 – 94 , 277 , 301 Blum, Yehuda, 18 , 456 ; reports to United Bar-Somantov, Yacov, 409 . See also Israel Nations on terrorist attacks from Bartsch, Hans-Werner, 87 Lebanon on northern Israel and growth Bartsch, Klaus, 435 of PLO arsenal, 395 – 401 , 403 – 411 , 414 , Barth, Herbert, 440 424 . See also Israel ; United Nations Battle for Jerusalem, 39 . See also Böcker, Alfons, 124 . See also West Six-Day War Germany, Foreign Offi ce ; United Ben-Natan, Asher, 111 , 113 . See also Israel, Nations Foreign Ministry Böse, Wilfried, 32 , 446 , 450 , 458 ; hijacking Bar-Lev Line, 241 . See also Yom and “selection” in Entebbe, 317 – 319 ; Kippur War from radical left in om Frankfurt/Main Barommi, Joel, 147 . See also Israel, Foreign to Entebbe, 326 – 328 ; remembered in Ministry ; United Nations Baghdad, 330 – 332 . See also Kuhlmann, Begin, Menachem, 390 – 391 , 426 – 427 . See Brigitte ; Revolutionary Cells ; Roter also Israel Stern Verlag ; Frankfurt/Main Beirut, 31 , 117 – 118 , 141 , 149 , 152 , 158 , Borufka, Helmut, 369 . See also East 164 , 194 , 196 , 199 , 202, 209 , 255 , Germany, Defense Ministry 258 – 259 , 261 – 6 , 269 , 274 , 285 , 294 , Brandenburg Gate, 13 , 373 ; Arafat at, 156 345 , 352 , 354 , 364 – 66 , 370 , 374 , 391 , Brandt, Willy: 113 , 187 , 191 – 192 , 204 , 400 , 407 , 417 , 422 , 425 – 426 , 428 – 431 , 211 , 214 ; Heinz Galinski’s criticism, 433 , 456 205 – 206 , 208 , 419 , 452 ; neutrality La Belle Disco, 438 , 440 , 460 . See also policy during Yom Kippur War, 27 , 111 , Libya ; East Germany, Ministry of State 217 – 218 , 220 , 222 , 224 , 226 – 230 , 453 . Security ; United States See also Bahr, Egon ; Nixon, Richard ; Benin, 301 , 423 ; relations with East Kissinger, Henry ; Walden, Matthias ; Germany, 358 , 363 Yom Kippur War

474 Index

Bremerhaven, 224 – 226 , 228 , 234 , 238 . See China, 5 , 68 , 71 , 88 , 150 , 280 , 289 , also West Germany, Yom Kippur War 301 , 388 , 420 – 421 , 425 , 445 . Brezhnev, Leonid, 22 , 132 , 426 , 433 . See See also Kommunistische Bund also Soviet Union Westdeutschland (KBW) British Broadcasting Service (BBC), Christian Democratic Union (CDU), 192 , 229 Summary of World Broadcasts, 31 , 39 , Christian Falange militia in Lebanon, 431 46 , 159 – 160 , 255 , 266 , 321 Christian Social Union, 207 Brussels, terrorist attacks in, 116 , 118 , 188 Claussen, Detlev: on Entebbe hijacking, Buback, Siegfried, 338 . See also Red Army 335 – 339 Faction ; Terrorism, victims of Clements, William, 220 . See also United Buffum, William, 165 . See also Lebanon ; States ; Yom Kippur War United States ; Coastal Road Massacre, 388 – 394 . See also Bulgaria, 44 – 45 , 70 , 164 , 289 , 350 , 402 , Palestine Liberation Organization ; Wazir, 421 , 423 – 424 Kahlil Al- Bundeskriminalamt (BKA) (Federal Cohn-Bendit, Daniel, 340 . See also Klein, Criminal Investigation Offi ce), Hans-Joachim 187 – 188 , 330 , 350 . See also Colby, William, 220 . See also United States ; West Germany, Interior Ministry Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (Bundesinnenministerium) Cold War, xiii, 2 , 4 , 8 , 12 , 14 , 23 , 33 , 36 , Bundesnachrichtendienst (West German 49 , 68 , 95 , 221 , 230 , 290 , 343 , 380 , 431 , Federal Intelligence Service), report on 448 , 460 – 461 Black September organization, 172 Cologne, 82 , 188 – 189 , 346 Buttner, Siegfried, 272 . See also East Committee for the Exercise of the Germany ; Socialist Unity Party (SED) Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People, (CEIRPP), 17 , 215 , 291 – 292 , Cairo, 22 , 31 , 36 – 40 , 47 , 59 – 50 , 63 , 91 , 306 – 309 , 310 , 392 – 393 , 428 . See also 97 , 112 , 116 – 118 , 141 , 148 , 158 – 160 , Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) ; 168 , 170 , 175 – 176 , 184 , 196 , 233 – 234 , United Nations 246 – 247 , 390 . Nasser, Gamel Abdel ; Six Communists, East German, ix, 30 , 46 , Day War 48 , 443 , 448 , 450 , 455 ; from Zionism Cambodia, 120 , 124 , 289 , 382 , 447 to anti-Zionism, 3 – 5 , 26 – 27 , 35 – 36 , Camp David Accords, 8 , 15 , 148 , 314 – 315 , 451 ; transform meaning of anti-fascism, 347 , 364 , 372 – 374 , 402 9 , 14 , 461 ; denial of threats to and Canberra, 188 denunciation of Israel, 58 – 59 , 147 , 160 , “Carlos,” aka Ilich Ramirez-Sanchez, 28 , 163 – 164 ; view of global “correlation 328 , 345 – 346 , 349 , 350 – 351 , 355 of forces,” 198 . See also East Germany ; Cash, Frank, 223 – 224 . See also United Socialist Unity Party (SED) States ; Yom Kippur War Congo, 289 , 344 , 358 , 363 , 423 Central Council of Jews in Germany, 21 , Conjuncture in West Berlin, June 1967, 91 , 96 , 182 , 186 – 189 , 218 , 452 ; on West 75 – 79 . See also Ohnesorg, Benno ; German New Left, 105 – 106 , 108 – 110 . Six-Day War ; SDS, West German See also van Dam, Hendrik ; Galinski, CREST fi les, 68 . See also Central Heinz ; Ginsberg, Alexander ; Jüdische Intelligence Agency (CIA) Allgemeine Wochenzeitung ; Jüdischer Cuellar, Perez de, 407 – 408 , 410 , 416– 417 . Presse Dienst ; Nachman, Werner See also United Nations Central Intelligence Agency, (CIA), 2 , 16 , Czechoslovakia, 44 , 56 , 58 , 69 – 70 , 92 , 68 , 220 ; on Soviet bloc and East German 289 , 312 , 350 , 402 , 421 , 423 , 425 military assistance to Arab states and other “LDCs” during Cold War, 68 – 74 Dam, Hendrik van, 21 , 89-91 , 109 , 111 , Central Offi ce of Zionist Youth in West 113 , 187 – 189 . See also Jüdischer Presse Germany, 118 , 189 Dienst

Index 475

Damascus, Syria, 31 , 40 , 47 , 54 , 61 , 66 , Divided Memory: The Nazi Past in the 112 , 116 , 122 , 139 , 141 , 149 , 166 , 168 , Two Germanys , 11 170 , 209 , 238 , 241 , 244 – 245 , 247 – 249 , Doron, Jacob, on attack on Ma’a lot, 265 . 255 , 267 – 268 , 281 , 301 – 392 , 319 , 350 , See also Israel ; United Nations 365 – 366 , 372 , 377 – 379 , 381 , 435 , 456 ; Dusseldorf, 116 , 118 , 187 – 189 , 328 , 331 Heinz Hoffmann visit, 142 – 143 ; Erich Dutschke, Rudi: on founding of Israel as Honecker visits, 374 . See also Assad, emancipation of Jewry, 82 . See also SDS, Hafez al- ; Tlass, Mustafa West German Daud Oudeh, Mohammed (a.k.a. Abu Daoud), 161 . See also Black September ; East Berlin, 13 – 14 , 16 , 18 – 20 , 30 , 34 – 35 , Munich Olympics, attack on Israeli 38 , 46 – 48 , 64 , 75 , 86 , 112 , 125 , 139 , athletes and aftermath 259 , 264 , 270 , 291 , 369 , 439 , 459 – 460 ; Da’as, Mahmoud, 369 . See also Palestine photos at memorial to victims of fas- Liberation Organization cism, 342 – 343 , 450 ; Berlin-Schönefeld Davis, Angela, 199 . See also East Berlin Airport, 345 ; visits and presence of Arab Dayan, Moshe, 90 , 97 , 162 , 191 – 192 , 240 , and Palestinian leaders and political fi g- 260 . See also Israel ; Six Day War ures, 155 – 157 , 196 , 198 – 200 , 271 – 272 , Deir Yassin, 40 , 259 , 285 294 , 345 – 346 , 359 – 360 , 365 , 367 , 368 , Democratic Front for the Liberation of 371 – 372 , 383 – 384 , 411 – 414 , 441 – 442 ; Palestine (DFLP), 11 , 98 , 259 , 356 , Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) 366 – 367 , 385 , 400 . See also Democratic offi ce in, 201 – 214 , 274 , 281 – 282 , Popular Front for the Liberation of 347 – 348 , 350 , 458 ; Arab Embassies in, Palestine (DPFLP) ; Popular Democratic 351 , 381 , 435 , 438 , 440 ; discussion of Front for Liberation of Palestine terrorism in, 355 . See also Arafat, Yasser ; (PDFLP) Assad, Hafez al- ; Ayad, Abu ; Daoud, Democratic Popular Front for the Abu ; Berlin-Schönefeld Airport ; Habash, Liberation of Palestine, (DPFLP), 29 , George ; Hawatmeh, Nayef ; Hussein, 100 , 254 , 275 , 356 , 400 – 402 ; attack Saddam ; Kaddoumi, Farouk ; Tlass, on Ma’alot, 265 – 269 ; contacts with Mustafa ; Wazir Al-Kahlil East German Embassy in Beirut, 294 ; East Germany: 7 – 9 , 12 , 18 , 77 , 88 , 91 , 95 , Nayef Hawatmeh leads delegation 112 , 115 , 321 , 380 – 381 , 383 , 385 – 386 , to East Germany, 366 ; Hawatmeh to 388 , 394 , 421 , 441 – 445 , 451 – 454 , Erich Honecker in 1989, 442 . See also 456 – 461 ; antagonism to Israel, ix, 1 – 3 , Democratic Front for the Liberation of 5 – 8 , 13 – 16 , 22 – 26 , 29 – 30 , 33 , 37 – 38 , Palestine ; Popular Democratic Front for 46 – 68 ; 119–127, 132 – 133 , 139 , 141 , the Liberation of Palestine (PDFLP) 143 , 145 , 156 – 157 , 193 – 196 , 203 , Deppe, Frank, 82 . See also SDS, West 215 , 230 – 240 , 264 – 265 , 273 , 274 – 276 , German 278 , 281 , 291 – 294 , 304 – 309 , 311 – 312 , Détente, 8 , 90 , 198 , 202 , 204 – 208 , 211 , 314 – 316 , 324 – 326 , 342 , 345 – 377 , 392 , 214 , 216 , 218 , 223 , 311 , 346 – 348 , 374 , 401 – 402 , 412 , 414 , 416 – 418 , 425 – 428 , 452 , 459 , 461 432 , 449 , 456 ; Eurocentric defi nition of Deutsche Kommunistische Partei (DKP), counterterrorism, 29 , 344 – 352 , 356 ; CIA 114 , 283 . See also K-Gruppen estimates on military assistance to “late Deutsche National-Zeitung und developing countries,” 68 – 74 ; support Soldaten-Zeitung , 90 for PLO, 193 – 197 , 197 – 204 , 207 – 209 , Diner, Dan, on West German left and 212 – 217 , 223 , 230 – 231 , 237 , 273 – 276 , Israel, 101 – 102 278 , 281 , 366 – 370 , 386 , 394 – 395 , 426 , Dinitz, Simcha, 218 – 220 . See also Israel, 428 , 434 – 437 ; support for Al Fatah, Foreign Ministry ; Kissinger, Henry ; Yom PFLP, PDFLP, Saika, 15 , 29 , 364 – 366 , Kippur War 386 , 442 – 443 ; supports Arab states Dirks, Walter, 87 – 88 in Six-Day War, 33 , 36 – 38 , 46 – 55 , 57 ,

476 Index

East Germany (cont.) 308 , 312 – 314 , 401 – 402 , 428 , 432 . See 59 – 62 , 64 – 65 , 67 – 70 , 72 – 74 ; “befriended also Fischer, Oskar ; Florin, Peter ; Iraq ; national states,” 137 ; aftermath of Kiermeier, Hildegard ; Lugenheim, Karl terror attack on Munich Olympics, 160 , Heinz ; Ott, Harry ; PLO ; Reichardt, 162 – 163 , 172 , 182 , 193 – 197 ; supports Achim ; Sedlaczek, Bruno ; Syria ; Winzer, Arab states in Yom Kippur War, 230 – 238 , Otto ; Zachman, Siegfried 239 ; response to PLO attacks on Israeli East Germany, Ministry for Foreign Trade, towns, 255 , 259 ; relations with Iraq, 129 , 131 358 – 360 ; relations with Syria, 370 – 377 , East Germany, Ministry of State Security 372 – 377 , 436 ; military training of foreign (Stasi), 16 , 18 – 19 , 28 , 74 , 77 , 126 , 200 , forces, 380 – 384 ; on Israel’s 1982 war 367 , 381 , 383 , 385 , 402 , 427 , 437 , 451 , in Lebanon, 415 – 416 , 423 , 425 , 428 , 459 – 460 , Counterterrorism Department 432 – 433 ; accuses Israel of perpetrating XXII, 326 ; Eurocentric defi nition of genocide, 431 – 432 ; and La Belle Disco counterterrorism, 344 – 352 ; “Information bombing, 438 – 442 ; Volkskammer rejects about Activities of Representative of previous East German policy toward the Palestine Liberation Movement Israel, 444 – 445 ; impact of German in Association with International unifi cation treaty for agreements with Terrorists Seeking to Include the GDR Arab states and Palestinian organizations, in the Preparation of Acts of Violence 445 – 446 . See also East Germany, in the Countries of Western Europe,” Politburo ; East Germany, Council 347 – 349 ; “Measures for operative of Ministers, East Germany, Defense control of extremist forces from Arab Ministry ; East Germany, Ministry of and other states staying in the GDR,” State Security (Stasi); East Germany, 351 – 352 ; weapons deliveries in “Action Foreign Ministry ; Grüneberg, Gerhard ; Friendship,” 344 , 356 – 358 , 438 , 445 ; Hoffmann, Heinz ; Honecker, Erich ; intelligence cooperation with PLO, Neues Deutschland; Stoff, Willi ; Ulbricht, 352 – 355 ; views on terrorism, 355 – 356 ; Walter ; Warsaw Pact ; Weiss, Gerhard relations with Libyan intelligence service, East Germany, Council of Ministers, 16 , 438 – 441 . See also “Action Friendship”; 23 , 29 – 31 , 36 – 37 , 48 , 74 , 234 , 281 , Ayad, Abu ; Counterterrorism Department 342 , 412 , 445 , 460 ; fi les on weapons XXII; Mielke, Erich ; Neiber, Gerhard deliveries, 48 – 50 , 126 – 127 , 130 – 131 ; East Germany, Politburo, 16 , 22 – 23 , support order of 1969, 128 – 132 , 198 . 30 – 31 , 33 – 34 , 38 , 60 , 64 , 74 , 124 , 129 , See also Sindermann, Horst ; Stoph, 130 – 131 , 141 , 146 , 155 – 156 , 194 , Willi ; Weiss, Gerhard 199 – 200 , 231 , 234 , 349 , 460 ; relations East Germany, Defense Ministry, 29 , with Arafat and PLO, 200 , 365 , 411 – 412 ; 49 , 62 , 126 weapons deliveries to Six-Day War, 13 , 47 – 48 , 51 , 60 ; meets Arab states, 360 – 364 ; relations with George Habash and FLP, 353 – 354 . with PLO, 1980–1982, 367 – 370 , See also Axen, Herman ; Grüneberg, 427 ; agreement with Syria, 436 . Gerhard ; Hoffman, Heinz ; Honecker, See also Hoffmann, Heinz ; Streletz, Erich ; Stoph, Willi ; Ulbricht, Walter Gerhard Fritz East Germany, Ministry for Foreign Trade, East Germany, Foreign Ministry, 23 , 51 , 129 , 131 . See also Sölle, Hartmut 120 , 127 , 129 – 130 , 157 , 276 , 364 , East Germany, tanks delivered to Arab and 439 – 440 , 456 ; diplomatic success with repaired for states from East Germany, Arab states, 25 – 26 , 119 – 127 , 128 – 133 , 126 , 133 , 135 , 146 , 235 – 237 , 364 , 136 – 147 , 151 , 155 ; Beirut Embassy, 436 , 453 199 , 294 , 352 , 364 – 366 , 426 ; Near and Eban, Abba, 18 , 148 , 160 , 182 ; on Six Middle East Department, 275 ; at United Day war, 41 – 42 ; on Yom Kippur War, Nations, 25 – 26 , 31 – 34 , 121 , 215 – 216 , 242 – 243 . See also Israel 239 – 240 , 275 – 276 , 278 , 304 – 305 , Ebert, Friedrich, 48

Index 477

Egypt, 8 , 23 – 24 , 84 , 88 , 150 , 196 , 289 , 215 , 217 – 218 , 222 , 286 . See also West 302 , 312 , 314 , 343 , 370 , 380 – 381 , Germany 420 , 445 , 453 ; East German support Federal Offi ce for the Protection of for, 36 – 38 , 49 , 60 , 69 – 73 , 79 – 80 , 132 , the Constitution (Bundesamt für 140 – 141 , 144 ; East German military Verfassungsschutz) : 187 , 282 ; annual training, 380 – 381 ; East German reports, 113 , 339 diplomatic relations, 122 ; Six-Day War, Fedorenko, Nikolai, 43 , 45 ; compares 38 – 43 , 46 – 47 , 52 , 55 – 58 , 65 – 67 ; East Israel to Nazi Germany, 44 . See also German military deliveries to, 50 – 51 , Six Day War ; Soviet Union ; United 126 – 128 , 133 – 140 , 145 – 147 , 360 ; Nations support for Palestinian armed groups, Fetscher, Iring, 88 149 , 262 ; Yom Kippur War, 217 – 221 , Ferdinand, Archduke, 168 225 , 230 , 234 , 240 – 248 ; Camp David Fischer, Joschka, 286 , 447 . See also Accords, 315 , 347 , 373 , 402 Frankfurt/Main ; Klein, Hans-Joachim ; Eichenrode, Wilfried Ernst-, 206 ; on East Schmierer, Joscha German military aid PLO, 203 – 204 . See Fischer, Oskar, 365 , 412 , 417 . See also also Die Welt East Germany, Foreign Ministry ; United El Al, terrorist attacks on, 107 – 108 , 110 , Nations 116 – 117 , 328 , 398 , 407 . See also Israel Fiyadh, Shafi q Mohammed, 371 . See El Ittihad , 184 . See also General Union of also Syria Palestinian Students (GUPS) Fleissner, Major General Werner, 140 , 367 , Elissar, Elahu Ben-, 421 . See also Israel ; 427 , 435 . See also East Germany Knesset Fleissner, Werner, 140 , 367 , 427 , 435 . East Entebbe hijacking and “selection,” ix, Germany, Defense Ministry 21 , 32 , 172 , 312 – 313 , 317 – 341 , 345 , Florin, Peter, 26 , 31 , 215 , 239 , 275 , 278 , 355 – 356 , 403 , 447 , 458 . See also 304 – 305 , 432 . See also East Germany, Amin, Idi ; Israel ; Popular Front for the Foreign Ministry ; United Nations Liberation of Palestine ; Böse, Wilfried ; Foreign Broadcast Information Service Kuhlmann, Brigitte (FBIS), 31 . See also United States Entebbe raid, 318 ; UN debate on, France, 79 , 90 – 92 , 248 , 256 , 289 , 300 , 319 – 324 317 , 326 , 330 , 346 , 355 , 403 , 425 . See Erhard, Ludwig, 1 , 76 also Air France Erich Habersaath military school, 371 . See Frangi, Abdaallah Hasan Al-, 177 , 195 . also East Germany, Defense Ministry See also General Union of Palestinian Ernst Thälmann offi cer academy, 368 , Studies (GUPS) 371 . See also East Germany, Defense Frank, Paul, 223 – 226 . See also West Ministry Germany ; Yom Kippur War Ethiopia, 289 , 344 , 358 , 363 , 382 , 423 , Frankfurt Book Fair, 217 425 ; East German military assistance, Frankfurt/Main, District Attorney 72 – 74 , 344 , 382 . See also Action (Staatsanwaltschaft) , investigation of Friendship ; United Nations Roter Stern Verlag , 329 – 330 . See also Eurocentric defi nition of counter-terrorism, Böse, Wilfried ; Roter Stern Verlag ; 29 , 344 , 349 , 353 , 356 , 380 , 385 , 438 , Woolf, Karl Dietrich 441 , 459 . See East Germany, Ministry of Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , 98 , 189 State Security (Stasi) Free Democratic Party, 175 , 447 Free University of Berlin, 21 , 76 – 77 Falistin al-Thaura , staff exchanges with Freyburg, voyage with East German Neues Deutschland , 274 military deliveries to Syria, 235 , Fanon, Frantz, 166 236 – 238 . See also Honecker, Erich ; Federal Republic of Germany, (FRG), Klosterfelde ; Yom Kippur War 37 , 52 , 104 , 113 , 176 , 177 , 196 , 204 , Friedeburg, Ludwig von, 88

478 Index

Friedrich Engels Military Academy, 368 , Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 23 , 182 , 187 , 371 . See also East Germany, Defense cdecision to ban General Union of Ministry Palestinian Students and General Union Die Front': Zeitschrift zur Unterstützung of Palestinian Workers, 175 – 177 , 182 , des Befreiungskampfes der Völker des 191 , 195 , 210 , 457 – 458 Nahen Ostens , 185 German Democratic Republic (GDR), 3 , Fuad, Ahmed, 47 . See also Egypt ; 12 , 25 , 28 , 44 , 48 , 52 , 132 , 144 , 198 , Six-Day War 216 , 234 , 289 , 306 , 373 , 413 , 423 , 437 , 445 . See also East Germany Galinski, Heinz, 21 , 105 – 106 , 108 – 109 ; German-Arab Society (Deutsch-Arabische on anti-Zionism and West German left, Gesellschaft) , 51 . See also East Germany 110 – 111 , 451 – 452 ; on West German left “German-Israeli Study Group,” and Israel, 109 – 111 ; on Arab terrorism in Deutsch-Israeli Studiengruppe (DIS), 76 West Germany, 186 – 187 ; on PLO offi ce Ghorra, Edward, 153 , 257 . See also in East Berlin, 202 , 204 – 206 , 208 – 210 ; Lebanon ; United Nations ; corresponds with Egon Bahr, 206 – 07 ; Ginsberg, Alexander, 109 . See also letter to Erich Honecker, 207 – 208 ; Allgemeine Jüdische Wochenzeitung ; Revolutionary Cells assassination plans, Galinski, Heinz 329 , 340 – 341 ; on Revolutionary Cells Global Terrorism Database (GTD at attacks on screening of Operation University of Maryland, 11 Entebbe , 335 . See also Allgemeine Godley, G. McMurtrie: on reaction in unabhängige Jüdische Wochenzeitung ; Lebanon to attacks on Israeli towns, Berliner Allgemeine Jüdische 262 – 264 , 266 , 269 , 270 , 275 , 456 . See Wochenzeitung ; Jüdische Allgemeine also Kiryat Shmona ; Ma’a lot ; Popular Wochenzeitung Democratic Front for the Liberation of Gamasy, Mohammed el-, 241 . See also Palestine ; Egypt ; Yom Kippur War Goldmann, Nahum, 88 Gang, Peter, 81 . See also SDS, West German Goldschmidt, Dietrich, 88 Gauck, Joachim, Volkskammer resolutions Gollwitzer, Helmut, 88 reject East Germany’s policy toward Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 54 Israel, 444 – 445 . See also Thierse, Goodman, Hirsh, 421 – 422 . See also Wolfgang ; Weiss, Konrad Lebanon, war of 1982 Gelhoff, Walter, 124 . See also West Görner, Gunter, 310 – 311 . See also East Germany, Foreign Offi ce German delegation to United Nations Gemayel, Bashir, 431 . See also Christian Grass, Günter, 88 Falange in Lebanon Great Britain (also United Kingdom), 51 , General Union of Arab Students in the 79 , 91 , 410 ; at United Nations, 245 , Federal Republic and West Berlin, 289 , 291 , 300 , 388 (GUAS), 283 , 339 Green Party, 286 , 447 General Union of Palestinian Students Gromyko, Andrei, support for Partition (GUPS), 22 , 97 , 99 , 164 – 165 , 174 , 210 , Plan and Jewish state in 1947, 34 – 35 , 457 ; in Verfassungsschutz report, 175 ; 297 , 299 , 419 West German Interior Ministry bans it Grotewohl, Otto, 36 . See also East after attack on Olympics, 175 – 178 . See Germany also Genscher, Hans-Dietrich ; Frangi, Grüneberg, Gerhard: 30 , 48 ; SED relations Abdallah ; PLO with Palestine Liberation Organization, General Union of Palestinian Workers 199 , 271 – 275 , 343 , 365 . See also Arafat, (GUPA), 22 – 23 , 173 – 174 , 176 , 178 , Yasser ; East Germany ; East Germany, 180 , 183 , 195 , 210 , 276 . See also Politburo (GUPS), General Union of Palestinian Grunnert, Horst. 54 , 61 . See also East Students ; PLO Germany, Damascus Embassy Geneva, 15 , 188 , 213 , 272 , 276 , 292 , Guinea, 126 , 245 , 289 , 306 , 358 , 363 414 , 451 Guinea-Bissau, 289 , 358 , 363 , 423

Index 479

Gur, Mordechai, 219 . See also Israel ; Yom Road Massacre, 386 – 389 . See also Kippur War Israel ; Moynihan, Daniel P. ; United Nations Habash, George, 107 , 272 , 283 , 285 , 339 ; Heydorn, Heinz-Joachim, 88 relations with Soviet Bloc and East HIAS, Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, 188 Germany, 353 – 354 , 391 , 402 , 442 . See Hildesheimer, Wolfgang, 88 also Popular Front for the Liberation of Hillenbrand, Martin, 214 , exchanges Palestine (PFLP) with West German offi cials during Yom Habermas, Jürgen, 98 Kippur War, 222 – 226 , 228 . See also Habib, Phillip, 430 United States Haddad, Habib, 61 . See also Baath Party, Hindi, Amin al-, 101 , 354 . See also General Syria Union of Palestinian students (GUPS) ; Haddad, Wadid, 329 , 340 , 350 , 355 . See East German Ministry of State Security ; also Popular Front for the Liberation Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Palestine (PFLP) ; Revolutionary Cells Hisham, Abu, Palestine Liberation Hager, Fritz, 48 . See also East Germany, Organization (PLO) intelligence service, Politburo 346 , 349 , 352 . See also East German Hähnel, Horst, 139 . See also East Germany, Ministry of State Security (Stasi) Foreign Ministry Hitler, Adolf, and Hitler’s Germany, 4 , 38 , Hallstein Doctrine, 37 , 119 , 124 52 , 247 , 295 ; at UN Nikolai Fedorenko Hamburg, 21 , 24 , 117 , 164 , 180 , 188 – 189 , associates Israel with; 45 ; Walter 283 – 284 Ulbricht associates Israel with during Hand grenades, in Palestinian terrorist Six Day War, 52 , 53 – 54 , 56 ; neo-Nazis attacks, 116 – 117 , 117 , 164 , 167 ; from compare Moshe Dayan to, 90 ; praised East Germany to Palestine Liberation by Idi Amin, 170 – 172 , 319 , 323 – 325 , Organization and Arab states, 126 – 128 , 330 ; Yakov Malik associates Israel with 132 – 133 , 134 , 138 – 139 , 145 , 158 , Nazi Germany, 244 – 247 , 260 357 – 358 , 361 , 363 – 364 , 370 , 452 – 453 ; Holocaust, 4 , 9 , 11 – 12 , 20 , 23 , 35 , 75 , used in attacks on Israel, 251 , 386 , 85 , 107 , 191 , 230 , 249 , 318 , 321 , 417 , 397 – 398 ; captured by Israelis in 450 ; West Germany’s unwritten eleventh Lebanon in 1982, 421 . See also East commandment after, 1 ; West German Germany, Ministry of Defense ; East Jewish leaders and, 21 , 108 – 109 ; East Germany Ministry of State Security German memory of, 35 , 120 ; West Hawatmeh, Nayef, 185 , 265 – 266 , 285 , German far left and, 87 , 104 ; Idi Amin 294 , 366 , 402 , 442 . See also Democratic praise for, 171 – 172 , 324 , 330 , 458 ; on Popular Front for the Liberation of responsibility of a German government Palestine, Democratic Front for the after, 206 – 207 ; Entebbe “selection” Liberation of Palestine ; Ma’a lot, evokes memories of, 335 ; Yosef Tekoah terrorist attacks on contrasts West German and East German Hebrew University, 390 responses to, 215 – 216 : Heidelberg, 83 , 100 , 185 , 284 . See also absent in DPFLP material, 285 ; and Joscha Schmierer ; SDS, West German Middle East confl ict’s importance for Heinrich, Eberhard, 272 West German left, 457 Heinemann, Gustav, response to attack on Hoffacker, Lewis, 210 . See also Klein, Munich Olympics, 168 David ; Kissinger, Henry ; United States Herder, Gerhard, 1972 meeting with Hoffmann, Heinz, 31 , 132 , 375 , 450 , Arafat in Beirut, 196 – 197 . See also East 460 – 461 ; on Six-Day War, 64 – 66 , weapon German Embassy in Beirut deliveries to Arab states, 127 – 128 , 133 , Herzl, Alfred, 285 136 – 137 , 139 – 140 , 145 – 146 , 236 , 360 ; Herzog, Chaim, 18, 27 , 306 , 393 , 395 , weapon deliveries to PLO and affi liates, 456 ; rejects UN Zionism is racism 362 , 368 – 370 , 384 ; order for military resolution, 295 – 298 ; on Entebbe training for foreign forces, 380 – 381 ; hijacking, 320 – 321 , 323 ; on Coastal leads military delegation to Arab capitals,

480 Index

Hoffmann, Heinz (cont.) 219 , 242 ; poster on Popular Front 140 – 143 , 145 , 367 – 377 ; meetings with for Liberation of Palestine, 332 ; Stasi Mustafa Tlass, 142 – 143 , 368 – 371 , reports connections to “Carlos” group 376 – 377 , 380 ; toast to “community born and “extremist forces,” 350 – 351 . See of struggle” of East German and Syrian also East Germany ; Hoffmann, Heinz ; armed forces; 377 ; meets Kahlil Al-Wazir Honecker, Erich ; Hussein, Saddam ; (Abu Jihad), 383 – 384 ; meets Yasser Sindermann, Horst Arafat, 411 – 412 . See also East German Islam, 87 , 297 Ministry of Defense ; East Germany ; Islamic states, 275 Six Day War ; Yom Kippur War ; Tlass, Islamists, 247 Mustafa ; Honecker, Erich ; Stoph, Willi ; Ismail, Abou, 272 , 408 Weiss, Gerhard ; Syria Israel: terrorism directed at, 2 , 10 – 12 , Honecker, Erich: 13 , 22 , 30 , 34 , 48 , 64 , 18 , 21 , 115 – 118 , 158 – 165 , 168 – 169 , 416 , 433 , 450 , 457 ; approves weapons 187 – 188 , 254 – 257 , 262 – 269 , 317 – 319 , deliveries to Arab states and PLO, 130 , 328 – 334 , 409 , 450 , 452 ; defeats at 139 , 356 , 361 – 362 ; correspondence and United Nations, 9 , 16 – 17 , 261 – 262 , meetings with Yasser Arafat and PLO 279 – 280 , 288 – 292 , 306 , 309 – 312 , leaders, 193 – 194 , 199 – 200 , 314 – 315 , 314 , 386 – 390 , 423 – 425 ; United 368 – 370 , 411 – 414 , 426 – 428 , 437 ; letter Nations delegation statements and from Heinz Galinski, 207 – 208 ; relations reports, 18 – 19 , 41 , 43 – 46 , 147 – 155 , with Syria and Hafez al-Assad, 234 , 349 , 215 – 216 , 242 – 243 , 253 , 255 – 259 , 261 , 371 – 376 ; Yum Kippur War, 235 – 237 265 , 277 – 281 , 295 – 298 , 320 – 321 , Horkheimer, Max, 98 323 , 386 – 401 , 403 – 410 ; accused of Hungary, 44 , 69 – 70 , 164 , 289 , 306 , 421 , perpetrating genocide, 15 , 105 , 169 , 301 , 424 , 443 . See also Warsaw Pact 392 , 415 , 418 , 424 – 426 , 429 , 431 – 433 ; Husseini, Haj Amin al-, 92 , 203 , 399 relations with United States, 27 , Hussein, Saddam, 31 , 355 ; relations with 217 – 230 , 262 – 264 , 269 – 271 , 298 – 301 ; East Germany, 139 , 142 , 358 – 360 ; visits on PLO and related Palestinian East Berlin, 359 – 360 . See also Iraq organizations, 265 , 277 – 281 , 323 , 386 – 401 , 403 – 410 ; compared to Nazi International communism and military Germany, 44 , 58 , 248 ; West German training in East Germany, 380 – 385 . See Jewish leaders and, 21 , 88 – 91 , 108 – 113 , also Otto Winzer offi cer school, Prora 187 , 204 – 207 , 335 , 452 ; Yom Kippur Institute for International Relations of the War, 27 , 217 – 253 ; Six-Day War, 32 , Academy for Law and Political Science, 38 – 43 ; military defense and retaliation East Berlin, 7 , 281 by, 165 – 166 , 169 ; West German public Iran, 69 , 73 , 77 , 289 , 363 , 380 , 420 , 424 ; and press support for, 88 , 202 – 204 ; on Iranian students in West Germany, admission of East and West Germany to 97 , 100 United Nations, 215 – 216 ; 1982 Lebanon Irish Republican Army (IRA), 164 War, 385 , 415 – 434 ; on PLO arsenal Iraq, 88 , 164 , 256 , 263 , 276 , 289 , 420 , in Lebanon, 418 – 423 , 427 ; victory at 424 , 432 ; East German relations with United Nations, 460 . See also Begin, and military assistance for, 29 , 62 , Menachem ; East Germany, Eban, Abba ; 69 – 70 , 72 – 73 , 126 – 128 , 133 – 137 , Blum, Yehuda ; Dinitz, Simcha, Herzog, 139 , 140 , 140 , 142 , 144 – 145 , 147 , Chaim ; Meir, Golda ; Lebanon War of 358 – 360 , 362 – 363 , 372 , 380 – 381 , 1982 ; Palestine Liberation Organization ; 384 , 445 – 446 , 448 – 449 , 453 ; breaks Rafael, Gideon ; Sharon, Ariel ; Six-Day diplomatic relations with West German, War ; Tekoah, Yosef ; United States ; Soviet 37 ; and Six-Day War, 39 – 43 ; establishes Union ; United Nations ; Yom Kippur diplomatic relations with East Germany, War ; West German left 120 – 121 , 124 ; and Yom Kippur War, Izvestiya , 392 – 393

Index 481

Japanese Red Army, 255 , 317 , 351 , Friendship ; AK-47 ; East German 355 , 392 – 393 , Lod Airport massacre, weapon deliveries to Arab states ; to 158 – 161 , 184 PLO ; East Germany, Ministry of State Jaldati, Idn, 52 . See also Jews in East Security (Stasi) ; East Germany, Ministry Germany ; Six-Day War of Defense Jahn, Gerhard, 176 . See also West Katyusha rockets, 18 , 38 , 152 – 155 , Germany, Justice Ministry 250 – 251 , 386 – 387 , 394 – 397 , 403 – 406 , Jens, Walter, 88 418 , 420 – 422 , 456 . See also PLO, Jerusalem, 39 , 42 – 43 , 47 , 53 , 152 , 188 , attacks on northern Israel from 390 , 414 ; Arab terrorist attacks on, 11 , Lebanon ; reports of Israeli delegation to 397 – 399 , 409 United Nations Jerusalem Post , 421 Kennedy, Robert, 168 “Jewish Complex,” (Judenknax) , 9 , 20 , Khaddafi , Muamar, 23 . See also Libya 32 , 75 , 105 , 108 , 119 , 457 . See also Kaddoumi, Farouk, 31 , 172, 272 , 280 , Kunzelmann, Dieter 334 , 409 ; meetings with East German Jewish state, 4 – 5 , 9 , 12 , 14 , 26 , 33 , 35 , offi cials, 155 , 272 , 274 – 275 , 281 – 282 , 56 – 57 , 75 , 78 , 80 , 90 , 111 , 215 – 216 , 365 – 366 , 409 , 412 ; speaks at United 220 , 231 , 277 , 280 , 303 , 317 , 342 , 413 , Nations in New York, 293 – 294 , 415 , 434 , 450 , 461 . See also Israel 301 – 303 . See also Palestine Liberation Jewish Community Center in West Berlin, Organization (PLO) 20 , 32 , 75 ; attempted bombing of in Kharlamov, Mikhael, 323 . See also Soviet 1969, 102 – 106 , 109 , 112 , 452 . See also Union ; United Nations “Shalom and Napalm”; Tupamaros, Kiel, 429 West Berlin Kiermeier, Hildegard, 276 . See also East Jewish Community Center in Munich: Germany, Foreign Ministry arson attack on, 107 Kiesewetter, Wolfgang, 47 , 60 – 61 , 131 . See Jews in East Germany, 52 – 53 . See also also East Germany, Foreign Ministry Norden, Albert ; Six Day War Kikhia, Rashid: calls Israelis excellent Jibril, Ahmed, 107 , 272 , 285 . See also disciples of Nazis, 321 – 322 . See also Popular Front for the Liberation of Libya ; United Nations Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC) King, Martin Luther Jr., 168 Johnson, Uwe, 88 Klosterfelde: 368 ; voyage with East Jüdische Allgemeine Wochenzeitung , 21 , German military deliveries for Syria, 108 – 110 . See also Galinski, Heinz ; 235 – 238 . See also Freyburg ; Honecker, Ginsburg, Alexander ; Jüdischer Erich ; Yom Kippur War Presse Dienst Kinshasa, 188 June 2nd Movement, 3 , 7 , 14 , 20 , 28 , 78 , Kiryat Shmona, terrorist attacks on, 153 , 329 , 340 , 350 , 355 , 449 250 – 251 , 254 – 262 , 266 , 268 , 270 , 292 , 294 , 403 , 442 ; Arab reaction to attacks, K-Gruppen (Communist/Marxist-Leninist 262 , 264 , 269 – 270 ; Neues Deutschland groups in West Germany in 1970s): on, 264 – 265 ; Arbeiterkampf on, 114 , 283 , 283 – 284 , 335 , 447 . See also 285 – 286 , Chaim Herzog reports to UN, Kommunistische Bund ; Kommunistische 387 – 388 ; Yehuda Blum reports to UN, Bund Westdeutschland ; Deutsche 395 – 397 , 405 – 406 , 408 Kommunistische Partei (DKP) Kissinger, Henry, 262 , 266 , 270 – 271 , 319 ; Kahan report, 481 . See also Israel ; Lebanan on terror threats to West Berlin, 211 , war of 1982 213 , 454 ; aid to Israel in Yom Kippur Kalashnikov assault weapon: 2 , 49 – 50 , War, 27 , 218 – 225 , 227 , 229 , 454 ; 99 , 126 – 127 , 132 – 133 , 135 , 137 – 139 , “astonished” at West German stance on 145 – 146 , 154 , 158 , 167 , 242 , 357 – 358 , resupply of Israel, 227 ; See also Klein, 361 , 386 , 453 . See also Action David ; Nixon, Richard ; Operation

482 Index

Kissinger, Henry (cont.) Napalm ; Tupamaros, West Berlin. Kurras, Nickel Grass ; Staden, Bernd von ; United Karl-Heinz, 77 – 78 . See also Benno States ; Yom Kippur War Ohnesorg Klein, David, on threat of Arab terrorism Kuwait, 37 , 42-44 , 167 , 289 , 380 , 407 , in West Berlin, 211 , 214 , 452 . See also 420 , 424 Kissinger, Henry ; United States Klein, Hans-Joachim, 329 ; on Lahore, 275 Revolutionary Cells; 340 – 341 Lamberz, Werner, 53 . See also Socialist Kloke, Martin, 19 – 20 , 24 , 76 – 77 , 99 , 186 . Unity Party (SED) See also West German left Lebanon, 11 , 16 , 27 , 36 , 41 , 48 , 140 – 141 , Knesset, 1 , 158 , 160 , 391 ; Menachem 160 , 212 , 217 , 243 , 281 , 289 , 323 , Begin address to, 420 – 422 ; Ariel Sharon 456 ; terrorist attacks on Israel from, address to, 422 – 423 ; Angela Merkel, 152 – 154 , 250 – 253 , 265 ; Israel’s address to, 461 . See also Israel retaliation, 153 , 165 , 169 , 257 , 271 ; Kommunistische Bund (Communist Palestinian armed organizations in, Organization) (KB), 283 – 284 . See also 162 , 254 , 256 , 334 , 336 , 357 , 364 , 384 ; Arbeiterkampf ; Reents, Jürgen East German denunciations of Israeli Kommunistische Bund Westdeutschland retaliation on, 163 , 231 , 264 ; Israel sees (Communist Organization West as “principal center for Arab terrorist Germany), 283 – 284 , 286 , 335 , 447 . See organizations,” 258 – 259 ; critical also Kommunismus und Klassenkampf ; reaction at UN to Israel’s actions, Schmierer, Joscha 259 – 261 , 385 ; G. Mcmurtrie Godley Kommunismus und Klassenkampf , 284 , on reaction in Lebanon to attacks 286 . See also Schmierer, Joscha on Israel, 262 – 264 ; Bruno Sedlaczek König, Rene, 88 on regular East German contacts Konschel, Wolfgang, 238 . See also East with PDFLP, 294 ; war in 1982, 343 , Germany, Foreign Ministry 369 – 370 , 386 – 434 ; Achim Reichardt Krahl, Hans-Jürgen, 82 , 99 . See also SDS, report of 1981, 364 – 366 ; aftermath of West German 1982 war, 435 , 437 Krause, Wolfgang: meets PLO leaders in Lebanon War in 1982. See Lebanon Tunis in 1973 and 1989, 199 , 443 . See Leber, Georg, 224 . See also West Germany ; also East Germany, Foreign Ministry Yom Kippur War Kraushaar, Wolfgang, xii, 19 – 20 , 24 Lederer, Herbert, 82 . See also SDS, West Krüger, Kurt: meets with PLO, 1972, 1975. German See also East Germany Lefevre, Wolfgang, 82 . See also SDS, Kudryavtsev, V., 392 : on “Israeli West German Genocide.” See also Izvestiya Letter bombs sent to Jewish institutions, Kuhlmann, Brigitte, 32 , 341 , 446 , 450 ; 188 – 189 Entebbe hijacking and “selection,” Levin, Aryeh, 408 – 409 . See also Israel ; 317 – 319 , 321 , 330 – 332 ; in radical left United Nations in Frankfurt/Main, 327 – 330 Libya, 23 , 25 , 29 , 39 , 65 , 71 , 88 , 118 , Kuleilat, Nabil, 201 , 272 . See also 124 , 217 – 218 , 228 , 263 , 289 , 297 , East Berlin ; Palestine Liberation 301 , 312 , 350 , 400 , 402 , 424 , 437 , Organization (PLO) 445 – 446 ; praise for terrorist attacks, Kunzelmann, Dieter, 32 , 112 – 113 , 193 , 170 , 391 ; UN Ambassador Kikhia says 328 , 450 , 457 ; on “the Jewish complex,” Israelis have “done even better than your 20 , 319 ; “Letter from Amman,” Nazi masters,” 321 – 322 ; and Action 105 – 106 ; when will West German left Friendship, 344 ; military and diplomatic will “begin the battle against the holy relations with East Germany, 358 , cow, Israel,” 108 – 109 . See also Agit 362 – 363 , 449 , 453 ; military training in 883 ; June 2nd Movement ; Shalom and East Germany, 380 – 384 ,

Index 483

military personnel in Lebanon, 409 , Meining, Stefan, 24 , 234 . See also East 420 – 421 ; Libyan People’s Bureau and Germany, Yom Kippur War bombing of La Belle Disco, 438 – 441 , 460 Meir, Golda, 170 , 191 , 221 , 269 , 318 ; on Lindenberg, Andreas-Meyer: on East Lod Airport massacre, 158 ; on Ma’a lot German and Soviet “campaign of attack, 267 . See also Israel defamation” against West Germany, 125 . Memorial to Victims of Fascism and See also West Germany, Foreign Offi ce Militarism in East Berlin, 367 , 373 . See Litvak, Meir, 9 also East Berlin Lod Airport massacre, 161 , 184 , 285 , 317 . Merkel, Angela, 1 , 461 See also Japanese Red Army ; Popular Merker, Paul, 14 , 26 , 35 , 120 . See also Front for the Liberation of Palestine anti-cosmopolitan purges Los Angeles Times , 420 – 421 . See also Mexico, 289 , 363 Lebanon War in 1982 Meyer, Till, 350 , see also June 2nd Lugenheim, Karl Heinz, 276 . See also East Movement Germany, Foreign Ministry Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, 125 . See also West Germany, Foreign Offi ce Ma’alot: terrorist attacks on; 254 , Mielke, Erich, 28 , 31 , 64 , 354 , 412 , 441 ; 265 – 271 , 280 , 285 , 408 . See also on Arab and Palestinian terror groups in Kiryat Shmonah, terrorist attack on ; East Germany, 347 – 350 , 459 . See also Hawatmeh, Nayef ; Popular Democratic East Germany, Ministry of State Security Front for the Liberation of Palestine (Stasi) Madagascar, 289 , 306 , 358 , 363 , 424 MiG fi ghter jets, 2 , 6 , 22 , 27 , 38 , 48 – 50 , Maizar, Abou, 272 , 412 . See also Palestine 55 , 66 , 83 – 84 , 97 , 108 , 126 – 128 , Liberation Organization (PLO) 133 – 139 , 146 , 159 , 188 , 211 , 214 , Malik, Yakov, 243 – 245 , 248 – 249 , 260 ; 218 – 220 , 234 – 236 , 240 , 247 , 252 , 280 , compares Israel to Hitler’s Germany, 301 , 361 , 363 – 364 , 379 , 386 , 418 , 453 . 244 . See also United Nations ; Soviet See also East Germany, German Defense Union ; Tekoah, Yosef Ministry Marquard, Odo, 88 Mirage Jets in Six-Day War, 39 , 66 , 218 . Maus, Heinz, 88 See also Israel ; France ; Six-Day War Marxist-Leninist groups in West Germany, Mitscherlich, Alexander, 88 7 , 15 , 22 , 26 , 32 , 114 , 185 , 282 , 284 , 286 , Mittag, Gunter, 48 . See also Socialist Unity 430 . See K-Gruppen ; West German left Party (SED) Politburo Marcuse, Herbert, 98 Mogadishu, 313 , 338 , 403 , 446 Mark, Bruno, 187 . West Germany, Interior Mohsen, Abdel, 412 . See also Palestine Ministry Liberation Organization (PLO). Mohsen, Markowski, Paul, 60 – 61 . See also East Zephier (Zouheir), 258 , 272 . See also Germany ; Socialist Unity Party. SED Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Central Committee Mohsen, Zephier, 258 . See also Palestine Matern, Hermann, 48 . See also Socialist Liberation Organization ; Saika Unity Party, Politburo Montreal, 43 , 188 McGovern, George, 191 Moorer, Admiral Thomas, 220 – 222 . See Meehan, Francis J., 439 – 440 . See also also United States ; Yom Kippur War La Belle Disco bombing ; US State Morocco, 39 , 44 , 70 , 117 , 124 , 217 , Department 380 – 381 , 420 , 424 Meinhof, Ulrike, 161 , 319 , 450 ; praises Mossad, 338 , 345 . See also Israel attack on Israeli athletes at Munich Moukarbel, Michele Wahaeb, 328 , 330 Olympics, 32 , 189 – 193 , 329 , 457 . See Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 27 , 295 , 460 ; also anti-Semitism ; Black September ; opposes UN “Zionism as form of Munich Olympics, attack on. . .; Red racism” resolution,” 298 – 300 . See also Army Faction United Nations ; United States

484 Index

Mozambique, 72 – 74 , 289 , 344 , 358 , 364 , 264 – 265 , 269 , 283 , 392 ; implicit rules 380 , 382 , 424 of political warfare in, 163 – 164 , 455 ; on Morris, Benny, 241 – 242 Yom Kippur War, 231 – 234 ; on Entebbe Münchener Jüdische Nachrichten , 89 hijacking, 324 – 325 ; on Israeli “acts of Munich Olympics, attack on Israeli aggression,” 160 , 163 , 231 ; coverage of athletes and aftermath, 23 , 28 , 115 , Arafat and PLO, 199 – 200 , 411 – 414 , 117 , 161 – 173 , 177 , 182 , 188 , 201 , 277 , 437 ; visit of Hafez al-Assad to East 285 , 314 , 329 , 339 , 342 , 346 , 384 , 393 , Berlin, 372 – 374 ; on Erich Honecker in 403 , 431 , 457 ; Ulrike Meinhof and Red Syria, 374 – 375 ; claimed Israel conducts Army Faction on, 190 – 193 . See also “war of extermination” and “genocide” Abu Daud ; Black September ; Genscher, in Lebanon in 1982, 415 – 418 , 425 , 429 ; Hans-Dietrich ; Palestine Liberation wrote “Israeli commandos” carried out Organization ; West Germany, Interior massacre of Sabra and Shatilla, 431 – 434 . Ministry See also East Germany Munich Reim Airport, terrorist attack in New York, 3 , 43 , 116 – 117 , 124 , 188 , 242 , February 1970, 197 254 , 257 , 275 , 288 , 305 – 306 , 352 , 385 , 392 , 402 , 408 . See also United Nations Nachman, Werner, 21 , 218 . See also New York Times , 318 , 428 , 454 Central Council of Jews in Germany Nicaragua, 72 , 289 , 291 , 388 ; relations Naffah, Fouad, 257 . See also Lebanon ; with East Germany, 344 , 364 , 380 , United Nations 382 – 383 , 424 . See also Sandinistas Nasser, Gamal Abdel: 23 , 31 , 36 – 37 , Nicolai, Regine, 350 . See also June 2 nd 52 , 57 , 79 , 84 , 88 , 91 ; Six-Day War, Movement 38 – 39 , 41 – 43 Nidal, Abu, 11 , 28 , 355 support by East Germany, 48 , 58 , 60 – 61 , Nigeria, 289 , 312 , 358 , 364 , 420 , 424 141 , 147 Nixon, Richard, 27 , 191 , 233 , 319 ; sends support for Palestinian armed groups, military supplies to Israel in Yom Kippur 148 – 149 . See also Egypt ; Six-Day War War, 219 – 230 , 454 . See also Brandt, National Association of Jewish Students in Willy ; Kissinger, Henry ; Operation Germany (Bundesverbandes Jüdischer Nickel Grass ; Yom Kippur War Studenten in Deutschland) , 97 Noel Field Case, 14 NATO, 18 , 38 , 56 , 58 , 65 , 130 , 167 , Norden, Albert, 48 , 55 ; seeks letter 210 , 222-223 , 290 ; double-track denouncing Israel from “GDR citizens of decision, 343 Jewish origin,” 51 – 53 Nazi Germany, 1 , 5 – 6 , 9 , 13 – 14 , 44 , North Korea, 327 , 330 , 380 , 420 46 , 53 , 57 – 58 , 77 , 85 – 87 , 120 – 121 , North Vietnam, 137 , 292 , 344 , 380 203 – 204 , 216 , 248 , 261 , 287 , 331 , 342 , 417 , 444 , 450 Ohnesorg, Benno, 77 – 79 . See also Kurras, Neiber, Gerhard, 31 , 64 , 344 , 347 , Karl-Heinz Kurras ; June 2nd Movement ; 353 – 354 , 441 , 459 . See also East West Berlin Germany, Ministry of State Security Okamoto, Kozo, 161 , 255 . See also Lod Nelly Sachs Jewish Home for the Aged in Airport massacre ; Japanese Red Army ; Dusseldorf, 187 , 189 Popular Front for the Liberation of Netanyahu, Yoni, 318 . See also Israel, Palestine Entebbe raid Operation Entebbe : Revolutionary Cells Neugebauer, Bernhard, 306 – 308 , 439 . See attack screenings of, 328 , 331 , 335 also East Germany, Foreign Ministry ; Operation Nickel Grass, 220 , 222 , 227 , United Nations 454 . See also Nixon, Richard ; Kissinger, Neues Deutschland : 17 , 31 , 33 , 52 , 161 , Henry ; United States, Yom Kippur War 202 , 242 , 247 , 274 , 442 ; coverage of Operation Peace for Galilee, 343 , 369 , terrorist attacks on Israel, 160 , 162 , 386 , 415 , 424 , 428 – 429 . See also Begin,

Index 485

Menachem ; Israel, war in Lebanon, and GUPS, 176 , 457 ; in 1982 Lebanon 1982 ; Sharon, Ariel War, 415 – 416 , 418 , 430 – 434 ; arsenal Operation Litani, 393 in Lebanon, 420-423 , 427 ; impact of Oren, Michael, 38 dissolution of Soviet bloc on, 30 , 443 , Organization of African Unity (OAU), 423 , 445 – 446 , 460 . See also Arafat, Yasser ; 437 ; condemns “Israeli aggression” in Ayad, Abu ; Genscher, Hans-Dietrich ; Uganda, 319 , 323 Grüneberg, Gerhard ; Hindi, Amin Organization of the Islamic al ; Hawatmeh, Nayef ; Hisham, Abu ; Conference, 437 Honecker, Erich ; Jibril ; Habash, George ; Ott, Harry, 432 . See also East Germany, Kaddoumi, Farouk ; Kuleilat, Nabil ; Foreign Ministry ; United Nations Shukeiri, Ahmed ; Wazir, Kahlil-Al (Abu OPEC (Organization of Oil Exporting Jihad) Countries), attack on, 70 , 328 Paris, 118 , 120 , 158 , 161 , 188 , 255 , 328 , Ottawa, 188 340 , 408 – 409 , 447 Philosemitism, West German SDS Pälastina Blatt , 185 . See also Heidelberg leaders on, 20 , 80 , 86 – 87 , 450 ; Dieter Palestine Liberation Army, 173 – 174 , Kunzelmann on, 105 , 113 . See also 196 . See also Palestine Liberation Reiche, Reimut Organization, PLO PLO Charter, 91 – 96 ; as declaration of Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO): war, 95 ; as justifi cation for expulsion of 11 , 16 – 18 , 21 , 25 , 29 – 30 , 40 , 48 , 52 , majority of Jewish population living in 64 , 159 , 191 , 261 , 297 , 360 , 437 – 438 , Israel, 95 – 96 455 ; executive committee members, 5 , Peters, Butz, 24 15 , 174 ; Soviet military support, 16 , 62 ; Phnom Penh, 188 terrorist attacks on Israel, 10 – 11 , 251 , Pieck, Wilhelm, 64 , 120 . See also East 254 , 256 – 257 , 259 , 262 – 263 , 267 – 268 , Germany 386 – 415 , 454 , 456 ; at United Nations, Poland: 44 , 58 , 69 , 78 , 289 , 425 , 443 ; 9 , 17 , 31 , 94 , 254 , 277 – 281 , 288 – 294 , anti-Zionist campaign, 1967–68, 6 , 300 – 309 , 313 , 320 , 323 – 324 , 394 , 13 , 54 – 55 424 – 425 , 454 ; East German military and Political warfare: 22 , 63 ; East German political support, 15 , 22 – 23 , 48 , 63 , 72 , rules of 163 – 164 , 393 ; PLO mode of, 74 , 193 – 239 , 197 ; 200, 239 , 275 – 276 , 194 ; waged at United Nations, 215 , 242 , 278 , 304 , 308 , 311 – 312 , 342 – 344 , 363 , 271 , 385 , 423 , 433 ; interaction with 381 – 385 , 428 , 435 – 437 , 448 , 451 , 453 , terror, 257 , 275 , 288 458 ; Committee for the Exercise of the Ponto, Jürgen, 338 . See also Terrorism, Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian victims of People (CEIRPP), 17 ; relations with Popular Democratic Front for the East German Ministry of State Security Liberation of Palestine, (PDFLP), 15 , (Stasi), 18 , 28 – 29 , 344 – 358 , 459 – 460 ; 173 – 174 , 273 , 275 , 356 , 386 , 401 , 433 , relations with East German Defense 442 , 446 , 453 , 456 , 460 ; attack on Ministry, 22 , 31 , 364 – 370 ; and West Ma’a lot, 265 – 267 , 269 ; close contacts German left, 32 , 96 , 99 – 101 , 282 – 286 , with East German Embassy in Beirut, 336 – 337 , 339 – 340 , 429 – 430 ; PFLP 294 ; Nayef Hawatmeh leads delegation and West German far left, 172 ; PLO to East Germany, 366 ; Hawatmeh Charter, 91 – 96 ; secrecy of Soviet bloc to Erich Honecker in 1989, 442 . See arms support, 126 , 315 ; delegation visits also Democratic Popular Front for the to East Germany, 155 – 157 , 271 – 275 , Liberation of Palestine 281 – 282 ; Black September attack on Popular Front for the Liberation of Munich Olympics, 161 – 167 ; and Black Palestine (PFLP), 11 , 15 , 20 – 21 , 29 , 165 , September organization, 172 – 174 ; 172 – 175 , 275 , 283 , 330 , 332 , 460 ; bomb West German government on PLO on Swiss Air Flight 107 , 330 ; Lod Airport

486 Index

Massacre, 158 – 160 ; PFLP-GC attack on Red Brigades in Italy, 28 , 164 Kiryat Shmona, 254 – 257 , 261 , 263 – 265 ; Red Army Faction, (RAF), 14 , 20 , 24 , East German contacts with and support 28 , 115 , 161 , 317 , 327 , 329 – 330 , for, 259 , 364 , 366 – 367 , 385 – 386 , 351 , 355 , 449 ; on Black September 401 – 403 , 438 , 442 , 446 , 453 , 456 , 459 ; attack on Munich Olympics, and with Red Army Faction in 1977, 189 – 190 ; collaboration with PFLP 337 – 339 ; praised by Kommunistische in 1977, 337 – 339 , 340 ; in 1998 says Bund, 284 – 285 ; collaboration with “will never forget” comrades of PFLP, Revolutionary Cells in Entebbe and in 446 – 447 . See also Meinhof, Ulrike ; West Germany, 317 – 319 , 323 , 328 – 329 ; Popular Front for the Liberation of and PLO, 324 ; funding for Revolutionary Palestine Cells, 329 ; Han-Joachim Klein on Reiche, Reimut, 31 , 78 – 79 , 81 – 82 . See also Revolutionary Cells and, 340 , 451 ; SDS, West German and June 2nd Movement, 350 ; George Reichardt, Achim, 362 , 364 – 366 . See also Habash meets Stasi offi cials, 353 ; and Beirut ; East German Foreign Ministry Action Friendship, 356 ; Red Army Reents, Jürgen, 284 . See also Faction remembers “comrades” of PFLP, Arbeiterkampf ; Kommunistische Bund 446 . See also Democratic Popular Front Reinhold, Wolfgang, 367 – 368 , 371 , 376 . for Liberation of Palestine (DPFLP); See also East Germany, Ministry of Haddad, Wadid ; Jibril, Ahmed ; Palestine Defense Liberation Organization ; Popular Front Restitution, West German, for the Liberation of Palestine-General (Wiedergutmachung) , 56 , 76 , 108 Command Rifa, Zaid Al, attack on in London in Popular Front for the Liberation of 1971, 184 Palestine-General Command, 107 , 261 , Rohling, August, 378 . See also Tlass, 264 . See also Jibril, Ahmed Moustafa ; The Matzo of Zion Portugal, 222 , 289 , 419 . See also Rote Armee Fraktion, see Red Army Operation Nickel Grass Faction (RAF) Prora, 381 – 383 . See also Otto Winzer Revolutionary Cells, 20 – 21 , 28 , 32 , 335 , military training school 337 , 366 , 449 , 452 , 458 ; and Entebbe Pross, Helge, 88 hijacking and “selection,” 317 – 320 , 330 – 333 ; terrorist attacks in West Quick , 164 , 205 . See also Black September, Germany, 327 – 328 , 334 ; Hans Joachim attack on Munich Olympics Klein on, 329 , 340 – 34 ; and Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Rabbat, Arab Summit on PLO in 1974, (PFLP), 329 , 340 – 341 ; contacts with 275 . See also Palestine Liberation PLO, 355 . See also Böse, Wilfried ; Organization Entebbe hijacking and “selection”; Rabehl, Bernd, 82 . See also SDS, West Kuhlmann, Brigitte German Rocket propelled grenades (RPG), 50 , 87 , Rabbo, Yasser Abdel, 272 , 412 . See also 126 – 128 , 138 – 140 , 235 , 242 , 357 , 361 , Palestine Liberation Organization 362 , 390 , 453 . See also East Germany, Rabbuh, Abu, 265 . See also Popular Defense Ministry ; East Germany, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Ministry of State Security Palestine Rome, 116 – 117 , 158 , 188 , 331 , 398 , 409 RAF: See Red Army Faction Rostock, 235 , 237 . See also East Germany, Rafael, Gideon, 18 , 41 – 43 . See also Israel ; Yom Kippur War United Nations Roter Stern Verlag , 327 , 330 . See also Böse, Reagan, Ronald, 13 Wilfried ; Wolff, Karl, Dietrich Rebmann, Kurt, 327 – 329 . See also Wilfried Rush, Kenneth, 212 – 213 , 220 – 221 . See Böse ; West Germany, Attorney General ; also United States State Department ; Revolutionary Cells Yom Kippur War

Index 487

Sabena Airlines, 117 , 177 , 184 . See also summer trip to Palestinian camps in terrorist attacks on civil aviation Lebanon, 98 – 100 , 152 ; Heidelberg SDS Sabouni, Heitham, 372 . See also Syria, and PFLP and PDFLP, 100 – 101 , 284 ; Armed forces work with GUPS, 101 ; dissolution in Sabra and Shatilla massacre, 431 1970, 113 – 114 . See also Krahl, Hans Sadat, Anwar, 73 , 141 , 240 , 247 , 339 , 350 , Jürgen ; Reiche, Reimut ; Woolf, Karl 352 , 360 , 370 , 390 . See also Egypt Dietrich Sadek, General Mohammed Ahmed, 141 . SED; See Socialist Unity Party) See also Egypt, Six Day War Sedlaczek, Bruno, 281 , 294 , 426 . See also Saika, 174 , 201 , 254 , 258 , 367 ; East Beirut ; East Germany, Foreign Ministry German weapons deliveries, 126 , 139 , Sharon, Ariel, 418 , 422 – 424 , 481 . See also 173 . See also Syria Israel ; Lebanon ; Sakharov, Andrei, 298 “Shalom and Napalm,” 103 – 105 , 328 ; Salem, Isam Kamel, 412 . See also See also Agit ; Kunzelmann, Dieter ; East Germany ; Palestine Liberation Tupamaoros, West Berlin Organization Shehab, Hammad, 142 . See also Iraq, SBZ, Soviet Zone of Occupation, 125 . See armed forces also East Germany ; German Democratic Sheikhly, Abdul Karim al, 120 , 140 . Republic See also Iraq ; East Germany, Foreign Sandinistas, 72 , 344 , 383 . See also Action Ministry ; Winzer, Otto. Germany Friendship ; East Germany, Ministry of Sheikhgal, Khalid, 372 . See also Syria State Security Shipler, David, 428 – 429 . See also Lebanon Saudi Arabia, 39 , 85 , 217 , 289 , 420 , 424 War in 1982 ; New York Times Schabajew, Boris, “In Hitler’s Footsteps,” Shukeiri, Ahmed 40 , 52 , 63 . See also 427 – 428 . See also Neues Deutschland ; Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Soviet Union Siepmann, Ingrid, 350 . See also June 2nd Scheel, Walter, 124 , 216 – 218 , 222 , 226 , Movement 228 . See also West Germany, Foreign Sinai Desert and Peninsula, 38 – 39 , 41 , Offi ce ; Yom Kippur War 43 , 47 , 58 , 67 , 91 , 149 , 217 , 220 , 233 , Scali, John, 245 , 271 . See also United 240 – 241 , 314 Nations ; United States Sindermann, Horst, 349 , 412 ; meets Yasser Schlesinger, James, 219 – 220 . See also Arafat, 281 ; meets Saddam Hussein, United States ; Yom Kippur War 359 . See also East Germany, Council of Schleyer, Hans-Martin, 337 – 339 . See also Ministers Terrorism, victims of Singapore: 118 , 188 – 189 , 289 Schmierer, Joscha (Hans-Gerhart), 284 , Sirhan, Sirhan, 168 286 – 287 , 335 . See also Kommunistische Six Day War of 1967: 2 – 3 , 32 – 74 , 86 – 87 ; Bund Westdeutschland East Germany and 22 , 29 , 46 – 67 ; Scranton, William, 322 . See also United West German left (SDS) on 31 , 78 – 86 ; Nations ; United States conjuncture of June 1967, 75 – 78 Schreiber, Manfred, Central Council of Soviet Union on, 43 – 45 ; West German Jews in Germany offers thanks to, 187 Jewish leaders on, 88 – 91 . See also Schüßler, Wolfgang, 201 . See also Socialist Conjuncture of June 1967 ; East Unity Party (SED), Central Committee Germany ; Hoffmann, Heinz ; Israel ; Schütz, Klaus, 125 ; on terror threat in West Hoffmann, Heinz ; Israel ; SDS, West Berlin, 212 German ; Ulbricht, Walter SDS, West German, 20 – 21 , 31 , 76 , 104 , Slansky Trial, 14 , 35 106 , 326 , 336 , 450 ; turn against Israel Social Democratic Party, West in 1967, 78 – 87 , 100 – 102 , 450 ; leftist Germany, 74 criticism of SDS Middle East policy, Social Liberal Coalition, 192 . See 87 – 88 ; 1969 demonstration against also Free Democratic Party ; Social Israeli Ambassador, 97 – 98 ; 1969 Democratic Party

488 Index

Socialist Bureau (Sozialistische Büro) , Staden, Berndt von, 227 . See also West 336 German, Foreign Offi ce Socialist Unity Party (SED), 22 , 30 , Stasi, see East Germany, Ministry of State 33 – 34 , 53 , 64 , 74 , 112 , 130 , 163 , 200 , Security 204 , 234 ; Central Committee, 30 , 53 , Stoessel, Walter, 228 , 272 , 294 , 364 – 365 , 411 , 411 , 442 ; Stoph, Willi, 30 , 34 , 59 , 64 , 233 , 349 ; Politburo, 47 – 48 , 64 , 74 ; Department weapons deliveries to Egypt and Syria of International Relations, 30 , 60 , 201 , in 1967, 48 – 49 , 51 ; Support Order of 272 ; relations with PLO, 47 – 48 , 194 , September 30, 1969, 128 – 131 , 198 ; 199 , 201 , 273 – 274 , 281 weapons deliveries 1970s, 133 , 136 – 137 , Sölle, Hartmut, 137 . See also East 139 ; military cooperation with PLO, Germany, Ministry for Foreign Trade 369 , 411 , 460 . See also East Germany, South Yemen, relations with East Council of Ministers Germany, 21 , 29 , 72 – 74 , 122 , 137 , Storkmann, Klaus, xii, 24 , 131 381 , 421 ; RAF and PFLP training Strait of Tiran, 43 . See also Six Day War camps in, 329 , see also East Germany, Straus, Franz-Josef, agrees with Galinski on Ministry of State Security (Stasi); and terror threat to West Berlin, 207 Ministry of Defense Strechbarth, Horst, 141 , 368 , 371 . See also Soviet Union, 9 , 22 – 23 , 29 – 30 , 56 , 60 , East Germany, Defense Ministry 74 , 90 – 91 , 195 , 202 , 343 – 344 , 347 , Streletz, General Fritz, 140 , 367 – 369 , 371 , 441 – 442 , 445 , 450 ; initial support for reports to Erich Honecker on Freyburg Zionism and Israel, 33 – 35 ; antagonism and Klosterfelde 235 , 237 . See also East to Israel, 4 – 6 , 13 , 16 – 18 , 34 – 36 , 169 , Germany, Defense Ministry 243 – 244 , 248 , 260 – 261 , 323 , 392 ; and Suarez, Mario, 419 Six-Day War, 36 , 40 , 44 – 49 , 49 , 62 ; Sudan, 37 , 147 , 217 , 244 , 289 , 420 , 424 ; strategic priority of support for Arab Action Friendship, 344 ; diplomatic states, 68 – 72 , 460 ; military assistance relations with East Germany, 122 ; to Arab states, 72 – 74 , 128 – 129 , 142 , weapons deliveries to, 134 – 135 144 , 147 , 217 – 219 , 220 – 222 , 227 , Süddeutsche Zeitung , 98 229 , 237 , 362 , 452 – 453 ; military and Suez Canal, 38 , 65 , 84 , 141 , 217 , 240 – 241 , political support for PLO, 155 , 203 , 244 . See also Six Day War ; Yom 365 , 380 , 386 , 390 – 391 , 400 , 403 ; Kippur War accuses Israel of perpetrating genocide, Support order of September 30, 1969, 169 , 392 ; labels Israel the aggressor 128 – 132 , 198 . See also Stoph, Willi ; in Yom Kippur War, 231 – 234 ; warned Weiss, Gerhard ; East Germany, Council by United States about terror threat in of Ministers divided Berlin, 214 , 458 ; against Israel Sydney, letter bombs to Jewish at United Nations, 242 – 248 , 257 , 260 , institutions, 188 282 , 292 , 301 , 306 , 311 , 323 , 388 , Syria, 11 , 15 , 22 – 24 , 29 – 31 , 36 , 56 , 65 , 423 , 425 ; support for Popular Front 79 – 80 , 84 , 150 – 151 , 160 , 173 , 209 , 217 , for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), 258 – 25 , 267 , 289 , 302 , 424 – 425 , 449 , 402 ; weapons captured by Israel in 451 , 453 ; in Six Day War, 38 – 39 , 43 , Lebanon, 418 , 421 , 427 ; equates Israel 46 – 47 ; East German military support to Nazi Germany, 425 ; impact of for, 48 – 51 , 126 , 128 , 133 – 135 , 137 – 138 , collapse on Arab radicalism, 443 , 460 145 – 147 , 360 , 362 – 364 , 453 ; relations South Yemen, 29 , 72 – 73 , 137 , 329 , 381 , with East Germany, 54 , 59 – 62 ; Soviet 421 ; diplomatic relations with East bloc support for, 69 – 74 , 221 , 225 ; opens Germany, 122 ; Der Spiegel , 329 . See also diplomatic relations with East Germany, Klein, Hans-Joachim 122 – 123 ; Saika weapons request to Springer, Axel, 78 , 105 . See also Bild-Zeitung ; East Germany, 139 ; visits of East Die Welt German military leaders, 140 , 142 – 145 ;

Index 489

persecution of Jews in, 160 – 161 ; East Terrorism: 2 , 21 , 177 – 185 , 204 – 207 , German political support for, 163 , 169 , 210 – 214 , 259 – 262 , 278 – 280 , 284 , 319 , 194 , 201 ; Voice of Palestine in, 167 , 321 , 336 – 337 , 341 , 386 – 401 , 405 – 410 , 256 ; East German political and military 438 ; defi nitions and language rules, support during Yom Kippur War, 17 – 18 , 310 – 316 ; Stasi and PLO offi cials 230 – 238 ; in Yom Kippur War, 240 – 246 , frank speech about, 355 – 356 , 459 ; 252 – 253 , 453 ; Idi Amin in Damascus, links of West German leftist terrorism 319 ; as base for “Carlos” terror group, to Middle East, 23 – 24 ; East German 350 ; visits of Syrian military leaders counterterrorism defi ned, 29 , 347 – 352 , to East Germany, 371 – 372 ; civilian 441 , 459 ; link to ideology, 32 , 254 ; exchanges, 372 ; Hafez al-Assad in East term as “slander” and “defamation” Germany, 372 – 374 of “struggle for national liberation,” Erich Honecker in Damascus, 374 – 375 ; 163 , 441 , 455 ; in longer tradition, Heinz Hoffmann visits Syria, 376 – 377 ; 168 ; celebrations of attacks, 169 – 170 , military training in East Germany, 376 , 191 – 193 , 269 – 270 , 328 , 451 ; victims 380 – 383 , 385 , 435 ; rejection of Camp of, 161 , 163 , 259 , 338 , 389 , 403 ; David Accords, 402 ; in 1982 Lebanon Arafat’s calculated ambiguity about, War, 418 , 420 , 423 , 429 , 433 ; “chemical 294 ; as “secondary question,” 308 . See warfare” equipment from East Germany, also Coastal Road Massacre ; Entebbe 436 ; confl icts with PLO, 437 – 438 ; end hijacking ; Israel, terrorism directed of treaties with East Germany, 445 , 446 , at ; Global Terrorism Database ; Kiryat centrality of Soviet bloc alliance, 461 . Shmona ; on Israeli athletes at Munich See also Assad, Hafez al-; Hoffmann, Olympics, 1972 ; Ma’alot ; Munich, Heinz ; Honecker, Erich ; Tlass, Mustafa ; 1970 ; La Belle Disco ; Lod Airport, Yom Kippur War Ma’alot ; on Israel’s northern cities ; Swiss Air Flight 107 , 330 . See also terrorist Central Council of Jews in Germany attacks on civil aviation Terrorist attacks on civil aviation, 107 – 108 , 116 – 117 , 177 , 184 , 281 , 317 , Tal, Wasfi El, 184 328 , 398 , 407 . See also Austrian Airlines ; Tanzania/Zanzibar, 126, 137 , 289 , El Al ; Lufthansa ; Sabena Airlines 364 , 380-382 , 424 ; East Germany, Terrorist organizations and participants. “befriended national states,” 358 See Arafat, Yasser ; Ayad, Abu ; Black TASS, 40 , 325 , 427 . See also Soviet Union September ; Böse, Wilfried ; Habash, Tekoah, Yosef, 18 , 150 , 456 ; reports to UN George ; Hawatmeh, Nayef ; Jibril, on terrorist attacks on Israel, 149 – 155 ; Ahmed ; June 2nd Movement ; Haddad, on East Germany’s admission to United Wadid ; Kuhlmann, Brigitte ; Meinhof, Nations, 215 – 216 ; on Yom Kippur War, Ulrike ; Palestine Liberation Organization 244 – 246 ; reports to UN on terrorist (PLO) ; Popular Front for the Liberation attacks on towns of northern Israel, of Palestine (PFLP) ; Popular Front for 250 – 253 ; report to UN on attack on the Liberation of Palestine-General Kiryat Shmona, 255 – 256 ; on terrorist Command ; Popular Democratic Front organizations in Lebanon, 258 – 261 ; for the Liberation of Palestine (PDFLP) ; opposes PLO observer status at UN, Democratic Popular Front for the 277 – 279 ; sees “sad days for the United Liberation of Palestine (DPFLP) ; Red Nations,” 280 – 281 . See also Israel ; Army Faction (RAF) ; Revolutionary United Nations Cells ; Wazir, Kahlil al- Tel Aviv, 27 , 47 , 53 , 66 , 107 , 117 , 158 , Terzi, Zedhi, 401 . See also Committee for 160 , 163 , 169 , 232 – 233 , 264 , 269 , the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights 317 , 325 , 338 , 384 , 389 – 392 , 394 , of the Palestinian People (CEIRPP) ; 416 – 417 ; attacks on, 11 , 397 . See Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) ; also Israel United Nations

490 Index

Tet Offensive, 92 General Assembly Resolution 3379, Tiberias, attacks on, 155 , 252 , 407 Zionism as form of racism resolution, 7 , Thierse, Wolfgang, Volkskammer 95 – 96 , 288 – 316 , 444 ; admission of East resolutions reject East Germany’s policy Germany and West Germany, 215 – 217 ; toward Israel, 444 – 445 . See also Gauck, Security Council Resolution 121 – 122 , Joachim ; Weiss, Konrad 149 , 223 , 229 , 242 , 386 – 387 ; Security Timm, Angelika, 23 Council debates during Yom Kippur Thatcher, Margaret, 419 War, 239 , 242 – 249 ; Security Council Third Reich, 9 , 105 , 321 debates over Palestinian terrorism and Tlass, Mustafa: 31 , meetings with Heinz Israeli retaliation, 257 – 262 , 270 – 271 , Hoffmann, 142 – 144 , 376 ; in East 319 – 323 ; Resolution 3236,”Question Germany, 371 ; with Erich Honecker in of Palestine,” 278 – 280 , 306 ; Resolution Syria, 374 ; antisemitism of The Matzo 3237, PLO Observer Status, 277 – 280 ; of Zion , 377 – 380 . See also Hoffmann, Sixth Committee defi nitions of Heinz ; The Matzo of Zion; East “aggression” and “terrorism,” 17 , Germany, Ministry of Defense 310 – 314 ; United Nations Interim Force Totalitarianism, 230, 454 for Lebanon (UNIFIL), 394 ; debates in Trappen, Friedel, 272 . See also Socialist General Assembly on 1982 Lebanon Unity Party, Central Committee War, 423 – 425 , 433 . See also Committee Treaty of German unifi cation, 445 – 446 for the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights Tripoli, 118 , 170 , 297 , 374 , 440 . See of the Palestinian People (CEIRPP) ; also Libya East Germany ; Israel ; Soviet Union ; Truman, Harry S., 220 United States ; Palestine Liberation Tupamaros, West Berlin, 103 – 106 . See Organization ; United States ; West also Jewish Community Center in West Germany Berlin ; Kunzelmann, Dieter ; Shalom and United States: 63 , 82 , 91 , 92 , 99 , 160 , 164 , Napalm 198 , 338 , 346 , 418 , 456 ; opposition Tunis, 420 , 423 to UN majority on Israel, Zionism and Tunisia, 39 , 124 , 217 , 289 , 306 , 364 , Middle East at United Nations, 27 – 28 , 424 – 425 , 432 216 , 261 – 264 , 270 , 289 – 301 , 310 , 319 , Tupamaros West Berlin, 32 , 103 – 106 . 322 , 388 , 423 – 424 ; communists assert it See also Kunzelmann, Dieter ; June 2nd leads imperialist conspiracy against Arab Movement states, 33 , 44 , 46 , 65 – 66 ; East German Turkey, 65 , 164 , 199 , 289 , 306 , 407 , 420 , antagonism to policies of, 55 – 56 , 121 , 424 – 425 141 , 231 , 308 – 309 , 402 , 416 , 426 , 432 ; verbal attacks by Idi Amin, 171 , 319 ; Uganda, 170 , 172 , 289 , 312 , 317 – 321 , reports from Beirut Embassy, 165 – 166 ; 323 – 326 , 331 – 332 , 458 . See also Amin, concerns about threat of terrorism in Idi ; Entebbe hijacking and “ selection” West Berlin, 210 – 214 , 347 , 439 – 441 , Ulbricht, Walter, 13 , 22 , 30 , 34 , 37 , 39 , 458 ; Israel’s key ally in Yom Kippur War, 62 – 65 , 139 , 165 , 200 , 355 : Leipzig 217 – 230 , 242 . See also William Buffam speech and Six-Day War, 33 , 46 , 48 , Cash, Frank ; Godley, G. Mcmurtrie ; 55 – 58 , 61 , 125 ; on East German Hoffacker, Lewis ; Kissinger, Henry ; “volunteers” to fi ght Israel, 132 – 133 . Hillenbrand, Martin ; Klein, David ; See also East Germany Moorer, Thomas ; Moynihan, Daniel P.; United Nations: 2 – 3 , 9 – 10 , 15 , 84 , 204 , Nixon, Richard ; Operation Nickel 450 ; Six-Day War, 38 – 46 ; delegation Grass ; Schlesinger, James letters to Secretary General, 152 , 170 , United States House of Representatives, 239 , 242 , 255 , 257 , 270 – 271 , 279 , Foreign Affairs Committee, 221 , 421 305 , 318 , 324 , 387 , 389 ; list of nations Ustinov, Dimitri, 362 . See also Soviet voting on UN resolutions, 289 , 424 ; Union

Index 491

Universities, East German: exchanges Coastal Road Massacre, 392 . See also with universities in Iraq and Syria, Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO); 358 – 359 , 372 ; Aleppo, 359 ; Baghdad, Voice of Palestine 358 ; Basra, 359 ; Damascus, 372 ; Walden, Matthias, 124 , extremes of right Technical University of Dresden, 372 ; and left meet in “shared hostility to Frankfurt-am-Main, 82 ; Freiburg, 326 ; Israel,” 111 – 113 . See also Anti-Semitism ; Halle, 358 ; Rostock, 358 Anti-Zionism ; Ben-Natan, Asher ; Die Universities, West German, 22 , 82 , 84 ; Welt ; Galinski, Heinz ; Arab and Jewish students in, 96 – 97 , Waldheim, Kurt, 170 , 239 , 255 , 257 , 101 , 175 ; Frankfurt-am-Main, 82 ; 270 – 271 , 279 , 305 , 318 , 324 , 387 , 389 . General Union of Palestinian Students See also United Nations at, 164 ; student governments, 185 , 457 ; Wall Street Journal , 280 Freiburg, 326 ; Halle, 358 ; Heidelberg, Walser, Martin, 88 Kiel, 112 ; Marburg, 79 ; Munich, 97 , Wansierski, Bruno, 272 . See also Socialist 111 ; Münster, 181 Unity Party (SED), Central Committee U Thant, 38 , 152 , 242 . See also United Wapnewski, Peter, 88 Nations Warsaw Pact, 4 – 5 , 8 , 13 , 15 , 18 , 26 , 44 , 46 , Unsere Zeit (Our Time), 283 . See also 62 – 63 , 72 , 92 , 119 – 120 , 132 , 142 , 213 , Deutsche Kommunistische Partei (DKP) 218 , 230 , 360 , 362 , 380 , 386 , 453 – 454 ; end of East German agreements due to Van Dam, Hendrik, 21 , 89 – 91 , 109 , German unifi cation, 445 – 446 . See also 111 , 113 , 187 ; on threats to Jewish Central Intelligence Agency institutions in West Germany, 188 – 189 . Warsaw Ghetto memorial, Willy Brandt See also Central Council of Jews in at, 220 Germany ; Jüdischer Presse Dienst Wazir, Kahlil Al- (Abu Jihad), (also Wazir, Vergangenheitsbewältigung , 1 , 27 , 57 , Ibrahim Al-) visits to East Berlin, 449 , 454 , 461 ; meaning redefi ned, 85 . 367 – 368 , 383 – 384 , 427 ; and Coastal See also “Coming to terms with the Road Massacre, 389 – 390 . See also East Nazi past” German Ministry of Defense ; Honecker, Verner, Admiral Paul, 140 , 364 . See also Erich ; Hoffmann, Heinz ; Palestine East Germany, Defense Ministry Liberation Organization (PLO) Vienna, 117 , 120 , 188 , 261 , 328 , Webman, Esther, 9 341 , 398 Wechmar, Rüdiger von; opposes UN Viett, Inge, 350 . See also June 2 nd Zionism is racism resolution, 295 ; on Movement Entebbe hijacking and “selection,” 322 . Vogel, Hans-Joachim, 187 . West Germany, See also West Germany, Foreign Offi ce. Interior Ministry United Nations Voice of Fatah, on Lod Airport Weinrich, Johannes, 327 . See also Böse, massacre, 159 Wilfried ; Revolutionary Cells ; Roter Voice of Palestine, 31 , 40 , 166–167 ; on Stern Verlag “enemy children” will not know sleep, Weiss, Gerhard, 31 , 36 , 59 – 61 , 64 , 169 ; on “heroes” of Kiryat Shmona 127 – 128 , 130 – 131 , 133 , 135 – 137 , 139 , “operation”, 256 ; on Ma’a lot attack, 266 , 145 – 147 , 460 ; coordination of East 268 , 272 ; on Coastal Road Massacre, 390 German military deliveries, 128 – 131 , Volkskammer resolutions reject East 133 , 135 – 139 ; strategic priorities for Germany’s policy toward Israel, military deliveries, 146 – 147 ; Weiss 444 – 445 . See also Gauck, Joachim ; Committee, 198 . See also Stoph, Willi ; Thierse, Wolfgang ; Weiss, Konrad Axen, Herman ; East Germany, Council of Ministers ; East Germany, Politburo WAFA News Agency: 426 – 427 ; praises Weiss, Konrad, 445 . See also Volkskammer Kiryat Shmona attack, 262 ; on the Weizman, Ezer, 168

492 Index

Well, Gunter von, 195 . See also General 187 – 188 , 329 ; annual reports, 113 – 114 , Union of Palestinian Students (GUPS) ; 175 , 282 – 284 , 339 West Germany, Foreign Offi ce West Germany, Foreign Offi ce Die Welt , 78 , 81 , 86 , 111 , 202 – 203 , 207 , (Auswärtiges Amt), 206 , 447 ; Hallstein 325 . See also Eichenrode, Wilfried Ernst ; doctrine, 119 ; on West German-Arab Walden, Matthias relations, 124 , 195 – 196 ; on East Wentker, Hermann, 13 German policy toward Middle East, 125 , West Berlin, 20 – 21 , 32 , 82 , 87 , 189 , 196 ; on Arab responses to GUPS ban, 202 – 203 , 283 , 328 – 329 , 339 , 345 – 346 , 196 ; at United Nations, 223 , 289 , 295 , 350 – 351 , 353 – 354 ; conjuncture of 310 , 322 , 331 ; and Yom Kippur War, June 1967, 77 – 78 ; bomb in Jewish 222 – 230 . See also Federal Republic of Community Center in 1969, 103 – 106 , Germany ; Frank, Paul ; Gelhoff, Walter ; 452 ; Heinz Galinski and Jewish Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas ; Scheel, Community in, 108 – 110 , 204 – 205 , Walter ; United Nations ; Wechmar, 208 – 210 ; U.S. Mission on terror threats, Rüdiger von ; Well, Gunter von 210 – 214 , 458 – 459 ; Arab terrorist West Germany, Interior Ministry attacks in, 407 , 438 – 441 , 460 (Bundesministerium des Innern), 25 , 187 , West German Jewish leaders. See Central 203 , 283 ; decision to ban General Union Council of Jews in Germany of Palestinian Students (GUPS) and West German left; stance toward Israel, 2 , General Union of Palestinian Workers 14 – 15 , 19 – 24 , 31 – 32 , 74 – 88 , 96 – 108 , (GUPA), 175 – 182 . See also Genscher, 172 , 182 – 183 , 190 – 193 , 283 – 287 , Hans-Dietrich ; General Union of 335 –341 , 386 – 392 , 429 – 430 , 447 , Palestinian Students ; Munich Olympics, 452 , 457 – 458 ; salience of Middle attack on Israeli athletes and aftermath East confl ict for, 83 , 85 , 87 , 457 ; West Germany, Justice Ministry radicalization in 1968–1969, 96 – 108 . (Bundesminister für Justiz) See West See also Deutsche Kommunistische Germany, Attorney General Partei (DKP); June 2nd Movement ; West Germany: unwritten eleventh K-Gruppen ; Kommunistische Bund (KB); commandment, 1 , 12 , 76 ; Kommunistische Bund Westdeutschland “coming to terms with the past” (KBW); Red Army Faction (RAF); Vergangenheitsbewältigung , 20 , 75 ; and Revolutionary Cells (RC); SDS, West Israel, 4 , 27 , 124 – 125 , 172 , 180 – 181 , German 183 – 185 , 217 – 230 , 295 , 322 – 323 , West Germany, Attorney General 453 – 454 (Generalbundesanwalt): investigation West Germany, Supreme Court of Revolutionary Cells, 327 – 328 . See (Bundesgerichtshof), 203 , 328 . also West Germany, Justice Ministry See also West Germany, Attorney (Bundesminister der Justiz) ; Jahn, General (Generalbundesanwalt) ; Gerhard ; Rebmann, Kurt ; Böse, Wilfried ; Revolutionary Cells Revolutionary Cells Wiedergutmachung, see Restitution West Germany, Federal Administrative Wilhelm Pieck Military College, 381 Court (Bundesverwaltungsgericht), 1978 Willerding, Klaus, 272 . See also East decision on GUPS ban, 183 – 184 Germany, Foreign Ministry West Germany, Federal Criminal Police Winzer, Otto, 31 , 50 , 63 , 127 – 128 , 131 , Offi ce (Bundeskriminalamt) (BKA). See 140 , 216 ; diplomatic recognition Bundesministerium des Innern breakthrough in 1969, 119 – 123 . See also West Germany, Federal Intelligence Service East Germany, Foreign Ministry (Bundenachrictendienst) (BND), 172 Otto Winzer offi cer training school in West Germany, Federal Offi ce for Prora, 381 – 383 the Protection of the Constitution Wolff, Frank, 82 . See also SDS, West (Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz) : German

Index 493

Wolff, Karl Dietrich, 31 , 82 , 326 – 327 , 330 . 344 , 356 , 358 , 362 – 364 , 453 ; East See also Roter Stern Verlag ; SDS, West German military training, 380 – 382 German Yemen, People’s Republic of, 402 ; East Wolffsohn, Michael, 23 German military assistance to, 380 , 382 World Jewish Congress, 88 , 101 Yugoslavia, 44 , 49 , 164 , 235 , 245 , 248 , World War II, 4 , 6 , 9 , 14 , 46 , 48 , 83 , 289 , 306 , 312 , 346 , 424 – 425 85 – 87 , 112 , 126 , 130 , 136 , 199 , 220 , 240 , 247 – 248 , 287 , 307 , 342 , 403 , 417 , Zachmann, Siegfried, 401 , 428 . See also 450 , 454 East Germany, Foreign Ministry ; United Nations Yamani, Abou Maher Al –, 412 Zambia, 289 , 364 , 382 , 424 Yom Kippur War of 1973, 239 – 253 , Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland . See 302 ; East German partisanship during, Central Council of Jews in Germany ; 230 – 234 , 239 – 240 ; East German arms and West German Jewish community deliveries to Syria, 234 – 238 ; Soviet Zimbabwe, 364 , 382 weapons deliveries to Arab states Zionism, 1 , 3 – 4 , 6 – 7 , 9 , 13 – 14 , 16 , 27 , before and during, 69 – 73 ; United 35 – 36 , 38 , 46 , 54 , 63 , 88 , 90 , 92 , 94 – 96 , States support for Israel, 218 – 222 ; 99 – 100 , 102 , 105 , 112 , 120 , 122 – 123 , West German neutrality during, 12 , 27 , 142 , 144 – 145 , 150 , 164 , 167 , 182 – 183 , 217 ; West German Jewish leaders on, 194 , 199 , 202 – 203 , 207 , 266 , 273 , 278 , 218 – 219 , 452 ; United Nations debates; 280 , 285 , 286 – 316 , 331 – 335 , 337 – 340 , 244 – 249 ; U.S-West German tensions 354 , 360 , 369 , 373 – 374 , 376 – 377 , 380 , during, 222 – 230 ; contrast of East 403 , 444 , 450 , 454 – 455 , 460-461 German partisanship and West German Zoayen, Youssef, 48 – 49 . See also Syria neutrality, 453 – 454 Zuckerman, Leo, 14 , 27 , 120 . See also Yemen, Arab Republic of, 36 – 37 , 72 , 84 , anti-cosmopolitan purges 88 , 289 , 312 , 318 , 329 , 350 – 351 , 402 , Zurich, 107 , 116 , 261 420 – 421 , 423 – 424 , 445 – 446 ; East Zweig, Arnold, 52 . See also Norden, German weapons deliveries, 126 , 137 , Albert ; Six Day War