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Revista De Geomorfologie ASOCIAŢIA GEOMORFOLOGILOR DIN ROMÂNIA REVISTA DE GEOMORFOLOGIE 13 2 0 1 1 REVISTA DE GEOMORFOLOGIE / REVIEW OF GEOMORPHOLOGIE Editori/Editors: Prof. univ. dr. Virgil SURDEANU – Preşedintele A.G.R., Universitatea „Babeş -Bolyai ”, Cluj Napoca Prof. univ. dr. Florina GRECU, Universitatea din Bucureşti Colegiul de redacţie /Editorial boards: Dr. Lucian BADEA , Institutul de Geografie, Bucureşti Prof. dr. Yvonne BATHIAU-QUENNEY , Universitatea din Lille, Franţa Prof. dr. Dan BĂLTEANU , Universitatea din Bucureşti Prof. dr. Costică BRÂNDUŞ, Universitatea „Ştefan ce! Mare”, Suceava Prof. dr. Doriano CASTALDINI, Universitatea din Modena, Italia Prof. dr. Adrian CIOACĂ, Universitatea „Spiru Haret”, Bucureşti Prof. dr. Morgan de DAPPER, Universitatea din Gand, Belgia Prof. dr. Mihaela DINU , Universitatea Româno -Americană, Bucureşti Prof. dr. Francesco DRAMIS, Universitatea Roma 3, Roma, Italia Prof. dr. Eric FOUACHE , Universitatea Paris 12, Franţa Prof. dr. Paolo Roberto FEDERICI, Universitatea din Pisa, Italia Prof. dr. Mihai GRIGORE , Universitatea din Bucureşti Prof. dr. Mihai IELENICZ , Universitatea din Bucureşti Prof. dr. Ion IONIŢĂ, Universitatea „Al.I. Cuza”, Iaşi Prof. dr. Aurel IRIMUŞ, Universitatea „Babeş -Bolyai”, CIuj -Napoca Prof. dr. Nicolae JOSAN, Universitatea din Oradea Prof. dr. Ion MAC , Universitatea „Babeş -Bolyai”, Cluj -Napoca Prof. dr. André OZER , Universitatea din Liège, Belgia Prof. dr. Kosmas PAVLOPOULOS, Universitatea din Atena, Grecia Prof. dr. Dan PETREA, Universitatea „Babeş -Bolyai”, Cluj -Napoca Prof. dr. docent Grigore POSEA , Universitatea „Spiru Haret”, Bucureşti Prof. dr. Ioan POVARĂ, Institutul de Speologie, Bucureşti Prof. dr. Maria RĂDOANE, Universitatea „Ştefan cel Mare” Suceava Prof. dr. Nicolae RĂDOANE , Universi tatea „Ştefan cel Mare”, Suceava Prof. dr. Contantin RUSU , Universitatea „Al. I. Cuza”, Iaşi Dr. Maria SANDU , Institutul de Geografie, Bucureşti Prof. dr. Victor SOROCOVSCHI , Universitatea „Babeş -Bolyai”, Cluj -Napoca Prof. dr. Petre URDEA, Universitatea de Vest, Timişoara Prof. dr. Emil VESPREMEANU , Universitatea din Bucureşti Prof. dr. Fokion VOSNIAKOS, Universitatea din Salonic, Grecia Redacţia tehnică /Tehnical assistants : Prof. dr. Bogdan MIHAI (Universitatea din Bucureşti) Cercet. şt. drd. Marta JURCHESCU (Institutul de Geografie al Academiei Române ) Lector dr. Robert DOBRE (Universitatea din Bucureşti) Şos. Panduri, 90 -92, Bucureşti – 050663; Telefon/Fax: 021.410.23.84 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.editura.unibuc. ro Tehnored actare computerizată: Meri Pogonariu ISSN 1453-5068 REVISTA DE GEOMORFOLOGIE VOL. 13 2011 CUPRINS/CONTENTS Articole/Papers sUGz{hth{vwv|svzGMGuUGl}lswpkv|GˀGyTGGGGoG GrGGOuGwSGnP GUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUGG \G tG plslupjSG zG zptvupGO{vthPG ˀG {G } G z G lG G yG GUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUGG `G tG yĈkvhulSG pũG jypz{lhSG uG yĈkvhulG ˀG nG tUG lGG{ GUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUGG X`G }G z|yklhu|SG vG wvwSG tG k|snoly|SG{G hunolsSG tG jophi|y|GˀGyGGG¡ GUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUGG [XG rG rpyjoulySG sG r|ihsÓrv}ÇG ˀG G G TG G G G G G G G jG tG OyPUG lG G GGGGGGuGwGw óSGj¡Gy GUUUUUUUUUUUGG \XG mG nylj|SG jG nopŨĈSG lG jÔyjp|thy|G ˀG sG } G G nGo¡GpGi GGwGjGOyGwP GUUGG \`G nGtpulhSGsGhohyphGˀGnGGGGGGièG jGOyP GUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUGG ]^G zG ivlunp|SG jG}ÔsjlhSG tG spj|ypjpG ˀG sG G G wG zGGGqG} GUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUGG ^\G hGulklslhSGhGt|u{lhu|SGyĉ¡GvwylhSGsGjvtĈulzj|SGyG kviylG ˀG j TG G UG jG aG mĉĉťG G wG jGt GUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUGG _ZG pG zĈuk|shjolG ˀG wG G G G iG G OlG jP GUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUGG `XG kGvwylhGnhujl}pjpSGpũGjypz{lhGˀGvGGGGGG GiGyGiGOvGiP GUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUGG ``G zG zptvupGO{vthPG ˀG {G yG G G wG wG G G wG t GGGkGyGiGOGmĉĉťGtP GUUUUUUUUUUUUUUGG XW`G tG hsi|G kpu|G ˀG jĉĉũG O{PG o G iG ˀG tG h Gl GUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUGG XYZG yGkviylGˀG|GGnpzGGG GGGGGG G jG ˀG zG G G G G G G G GU GUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUGG XZXG wGGGGiGGG OlGjPG pGzĈuk|shjol G Abstract : The study reveals the spatial distribution, the absolute and relative altitude, as well as the present state of conservation of five planation surfaces identified in the Bistricioara catchment (Eastern Carpathians). At the same time, we have attempted to draw a parallel between the absolute age of these planation surfaces and of the erosion levels in the study area, on the one hand, and the geochronological timescales proposed by other researchers (David, 1945; Posea, 2002) for areas lying closer to or farther from the Romanian Carpathians, on the other hand. It is important to say that these timescales also take into account the sequence of orogenic phases on the Romanian territory in the second half of the Mesozoic. Keywords : Bistricioara catchment, planation surfaces, valley shoulders, spatial distribution, geochronological timescale Rezumat. În sudiu sunt redate distribuția spațială a celor cinci suprafețe de nivelare identificate în bazinul hidrografic Bistricioara (Carpații Orientali), altitudinea absolută și relativă la care acestea se desfășoară, gradul de conservare în care acestea se află în prezent. De asemenea, s -a încercat o paralelă între vârsta absolută a suprafețelor de nivelare și a nivelelor de eroziune de pe teritoriul analizat și schemele geocronologice încercate de alți cercetători (M. David, 1945, Gr. Posea, 2002) pentru zone mai apropiate sau mai îndepărtate din Carpații Românești, ținând cont și de succesiunea fazelor orogenetice de pe teritoriul României în a doua jumătate a Neozoicului. 1. Location and general data are shown on the geomorphologic units map (Fig. nr. 5). The Bistricioara catchment lies in the central- In order to identify the planation surfaces we northern part of the Eastern Carpathians and covers 2 have used both figures and names, the latter an area of 781.3 km . borrowed from the areas where these surfaces are The geological structure is dominated by old most conspicuous: S 1 (Grintieșu Mare , lying at epi- and mesometamorphic crystalline rocks, which 1650-1750 m), S 2 (Harlagia , 1500-1600 m), S 3 are found on 73.1% of the area. These are followed (Făget -Mezovești , 1200-1450 m), S 4 (Malnaș -Dosu by Cretaceous flysch (sandstones, clay schists and Cheosrezului , 1000-1250 m) and S 5 (Frasinul , 850- marly limestones accounting for 13.5%), Pliocene 1050 m altitude). sedimentary rocks (sands and clays amounting to As for the valley erosion levels, these have been 4.42%), Neogene volcanic rocks (especially divided into two categories: the upper shoulders andesites, with a share of 3.2%) and the Mesozoic (140-250 m relative altitude) and the lower sedimentary formations of the metamorphic unit shoulders (80-130 m). (dolomites, sandstones and wildflysch, spread on Our analysis reveals that the planation surfaces 2.91% of the territory). As far as the present and identified by us are closest to the model proposed Quaternary alluvial deposits are concerned these by David (1949) for the Bistrita Mts.: Poiana account for 2.8% of the area. Ciungilor surface, of Helvetian age, lying at 1500- 1600 m, corresponding to S 2; Bâda surface, of Sarmatian age, lying at 1300-1450 m, matching our 2. Planation surfaces third surface; Dornelor , of Pontian age, lying at 1150-1280 m, corresponding to S 4; and, particularly The careful analysis of topographic maps, for the Borsec –Bilbor area, the Pliocene levels geomorphologic profiles and panoramic photos, as Hazanez , at 1150-1250 m, also corresponding to S 4, well as the investigations conducted in the field and Verofeny . The altitude of the latter has not been have allowed us to separate in the catchment five mentioned, but it has been credited with a large planation surfaces and two valley shoulders, which extension on a mountain ridge developing east of Revista de geomorfologie vol. 13, 2011, pp. 91 -97 92 Iulian SĂNDULACHE Borsec. This erosion level, which tilts to the east during the Dacian period, fossilizes the S 5 surface, and lies at 930-1050 m, corresponds to our fifth which should therefore be older. This is a very surface (S 5). interesting thing in case we admit the Pontian age of Beside the aforementioned surfaces one must the S 4 surface, according to the David’s model also take into account the Grințieșu Mare surface, (1949). Consequently, it would result that S 4 and S 5 found only in the massif it was named after, at were formed during the same interval (Pontian), 1650-1750 m altitude. It corresponds, at least in which seems rather odd, and therefore it would be terms of altimetry, to „S 1” (equivalent to the wiser to consider that S 4 must be a little bit older „Borascu” surface in the Southern Carpathians), (for the time being its age has not been thoroughly which, according to Posea (1997), cuts the established). Paleogene crystalline massifs except the Rodna Grințieșu Mare surface (S 1) is found, as Mts. at elevations of 1600-1800 m. mentioned before, only in Mount Grințieșu Mare, at As far as the
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