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International Ayurvedic Medical Journal INTERNATIONAL AYURVEDIC MEDICAL JOURNAL International Ayurvedic Medical Journal, (ISSN: 2320 5091) (October, 2017) 5(10) PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF SHUKRA DHATU- A REVIEW Sanjay Kumar Shahu1, Ajay2, Gugulothu Ramesh3, HemrajMeena4 1,2,3PG Scholar (Ay), 4M.D. Ph.D. (Ay), Associate Professor; P.G. Department of SharirKriya, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Individual Purusha is consists of three Dosha , seven Dhatu and three Mala which are the primary basic of living body.Shukra Dhatu is considered as best among all seven Dhatus. Shukra is white, pure, excellent Dhatu which is lacated in entirebody. Sperm along with spermatic fluid and male sex hormones are also one part of Shukradhatu. Shukra is Saumya which is derived from Jala Mahabhu- ta and counted as a Kapha Vargiya Dravya. It possesses Shadrasa. Quantity of the Shukra Dhatu is Ardha (½) Anjali in human body. Nearly one month is required for metamorphosis of Ahara Rasa into Shukra Dhatu. Main function of Shukra Dhatu is Garbhotpadana (reproduction) Vitiation of Shukradhatu shows Shukradhatudusti (pathology) in the form of Vriddhi (hyper state) Kshaya (wan- ing). This vitiation may leads to male infertility. So it is an important entity in context to reproduc- tion. Keywords: Shukradhatu, Semen, Reproduction INTRODUCTION Shukra is the substance which is responsible tion of Shukra. Garbha is formed by fusion of for all systemic body activities including Shukra and Artava1. This main function of metabolic functions and part of which comes Shukra is attributed to spermatozoa. While out of the body at the time of sexual act and enumerating Shukra Pradoshaja Vikara, it has performs specific functions of reproduction. It been stated that, the vitiation of Shukra ham- is the product of four proto elements, Vayu, pers one’s fertilizing capacity. Shukra is Agni, Aapaa nd Prithvi with all six Ra- Saumya2which is derived from Jala Mahabhu- sa.Shuddha Shukra Lakshanas resembles the ta but Charakacharya consider that Shukra physical properties of the seminal fluid. Garb- contain all the bhutas except Akash. All the- hottpadana i.e., fertilization is a prime func- four bhutas (Vayu, Agni, Prithvi and Am- Sanjay Kumar Shahu Et Al: Physiological Study Of Shukra Dhatu- A Review bu)individually share one fourth of the cursor to next and higher by the action of re- attributes of each of the Mahabhutas.Shukra is spective dhatvagni in it. So from Majja Dhatu, pittrija bhava3Shukra Dhatu is counted as a Shukra Dhatu is produced11. The mode of Kapha Vargiya Dravya according to Harivan- conversion of Ahara Rasa into Shukra is ex- shaPurana4 and also Acharya Vagbhata stated plained by these hypotheses namely – Shukra as Ashraya Sthana of Kapha Dosha.5. 1. Ksira-dadhi Nyaya, Shukra Dhatu possesses Shadrasa6and one of 2. Khale-kapota Nyaya, Pranayatanas of Sharira7. Shukra is one and 3. Kedari-kulya Nyaya ultimate dhatu of body. Shukra is produced as 4. Eka-Kaal Dhatuposhana Nyaya result of successive evaluative metamorphosis of Ahara rasa. Quantity of the Shukra Dhatu The ingested ChaturvidhaAhara converts in to is Ardha (½) Anjali in human body as per Ahararasa after acting upon it by Jatharagni Acharya Charaka8but Acharya Bhela stated and Bhutagni. Then the action Dhatwagni that quantity of Shukra is Eka (1) Anjali9. starts. The former Dhatu gets converted and divided into two portions by the action of AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:- Dhatwagni. They are To study methods of production of Shukra i) Prasada Bhaga Dhatu. ii) Kitta Bhaga To study what is thecharacters and normal physiological function of Shukra Dhatu. KSHIRA-DADHI NYAYA According to this hypothesis, prior Dhatu is DISCUSSION completely transformed into the next Dhatu PRODUCTION OF SHUKRA FROM SO- like the milk is completely transformed into MA: curd, then curd into butter and thenbutter into As described earlier Bhautic origin of Shukra ghee. It is called Krama-Parinam Paksha also is considered to be Soma or Jalamahabhuta10. because the formation of next Dhatu up to As Soma or Jala Mahabhuta is the predomi- Shukra Dhatu goes step by step and because nant basic element from which Kapha is de- the prior Dhatu transforms completely into the rived. So it can be said that Shukra has origi- next Dhatu so it is called Sarvaatma-Parinam nated from Jala or SomaMahabhuta Paksha also. After acting the Agni, two parts are formed - Prasad Bhag and Kitta Bhag. PRODUCTION OFSHUKRA FROM Firstly the Jatharagni acts on Ahara and forms AHARA RASA: Anna Rasa as the Prasad Bhag and Purisha Beginning from Rasa Dhatu upto Shukra all and Mutra as the Kitta Bhag. This Anna Rasa the Dhatu are produced in a fashion of pro- is processed by Rasa Dhatvagni and forms the 12 gressive evolutive metamorphosis. This means Prasada and Kitta Bhag. that Rasa Dhatu is basically produced from Now this Prasad Bhag is divided into Sthula Ahara Rasa which is ingested by the action of and Sukhsma Prasadansh. SthulaPrasadansh Jatharagni. Rasa Dhatu gets converted into nourishes the respective Dhatu - Rasa. Suksh- Rakta Dhatu and so on. Previous Dhatu is pre- ma Prasadansh nourishes the Upadhatu and IAMJ: OCTOBER, 2017 3931 Sanjay Kumar Shahu Et Al: Physiological Study Of Shukra Dhatu- A Review forms the next Dhatu by its part resembling to site of formation of a Dhatu. So as far as that next Dhatu - Rakta. Now this next Dhatu the site of formation of a Dhatu is, the nourishing part of prior Dhatu is processed by path will also be lengthy and Anna Rasa the respective Dhatvagni and forms the Pra- will take more time to there and nourish sad and Kitta Bhaga. In this series when the that Dhatu. When the part of the Anna Ra- Shukradhatu resembling part of Shukshma sa resembling Shukra Dhatu reaches at the Prasadansh of Majja Dhatu is processed by site of Shukra formation through proper the ShukraDhatvagni, Prasada and Kitta Bha- channels, Shukra Dhatvagni acts upon it ga should be formed here. Because the Shukra and forms the shukra dhatu as described in is thelast and purest Dhatu of our body so only Kedari-Kulya Nyaya. Prasad Bhaga is formed which totally trans- EK-KAAL DHATU POSHANA NYAYA forms into Shukra Dhatu and no Kitta Bhaga Charaka and Vagbhatta says that the Aha- is formed here. ra Rasa is spread and distributed into the entire body at the same time, continuously KEDARI-KULYA NYAYA and always by the help of Vyan Vayu.13 According to this hypothesis, Anna Rasa Arundatta comments that all the seven reaches at the specific Dhatu formation site of Dhatus are nourished at the same time due a Dhatu and transformed into that respective to the entry of this Ahara Rasa into chan- Dhatu by action of respective Dhatvagni on it. nels of all seven Dhatus at the same time14 Pattern of reaching of Anna Rasa is like the pattern of a tributary ofcanal serving water to PRODUCTION OF SHUKRA FROM the field rows. It means which row is near to MAJJA DHATU: the tributary, water reaches there first. Like The highest stage to which food attains is the this, Anna Rasa nourishes Rasa Dhatu first semen. Shukra is the seventh and final Dhatu and then Rakta and so on. Shukra Dhatu is as a Sara (essence) of all Dhatu and produced nourished by the Anna Rasa lastly. Shukra in a progressive evolutive metamorphosis. Dhatu resembling part of the Anna Rasa is Shukra Dhatu derives from Prasada Bhaga of processed by Shukragni there and produces Majja Dhatu by the action of Shukra Dhat- Prasad Bhaga without producing Kitta Bhaga. vagni.15Vayu and Akasha Mahabhuta produce Now this Prasada bhaga nourishes the Shukra porosity in Asthi Dhatu. From this pores, Shu- Dhatu completely without forming any Upd- kra oozes out like water from a new earthen hatu. pot and spreads all over the body.16 On the basis of Dalhana Acharya’s commen- KHALE-KAPOTA NYAYA tary on Sushruta it is stated that Mastiska or When the pigeons return back to their Mastulunga is Majja,17 Prof. V. J. Thaker dwellings after feeding from field, every opines that brain and pituitary gland can be pigeon takes time according to the dis- taken as functional representative of Majja. tance between the field and their dwelling. The production of Shukra and secondary hair According to this hypothesis, there are dif- growth at particular age can be understood in ferent paths of the Anna Rasa to reach the this way. (Purushvichaya) IAMJ: OCTOBER, 2017 3932 Sanjay Kumar Shahu Et Al: Physiological Study Of Shukra Dhatu- A Review Dravya takes place in the Vrishana, the Mula TIME REQUIRED FOR PRODUCTION of the Shukravaha Srotasa. OF SHUKRA DHATU: The process of its explained metamorphorical- According to Acharya Sushruta nearly one ly in classics with following example - similar month is required for metamorphosis of Ahara to water coming out of wet cloth when Rasa into Shukra Dhatu.18ButParashara squeezed, Shukra comes out of man, out of its opines that eight days are enough for Shukra site during copulation between man and wom- Nirmana from the Ahara Rasa. Finally, an, because of Chesta, Sankalpa and Pidana. Acharya Vagbhata quoted all views of differ- Above these, Sankalpa is said to be Parama ent authors, either it may take twenty four (best) Vrishya by Acharya Charaka. hours or six days or one month.19Acharya Process of ejaculation is due to Cheshta (love Chakrapani has correlated all the above opi- play – physical stimulus) and Sankalpa (psy- nions and brought the concept according to the chological stimulus) of Stri and Purusha, fol- status of Dhatvagni. 20According to Acharya lowed by Harsha (Passionate desire for en- Chakrapani, if Dhatvagni is at optimum level, joyment) &Tarsha (longing for women or then process of Shukra production occurs at psychic excitement) of both; and Saratva speed of “Archi” (Fire) and produced within (fluidity), Pichchhilata (slimness), Gaurava eight days.
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