molecules Article Copigmentation of Malvidin-3-O-Monoglucoside by Oenological Tannins: Incidence on Wine Model Color in Function of Botanical Origin, pH and Ethanol Content Adeline Vignault 1,2,3,4 , Jordi Gombau 3, Olga Pascual 3, Michael Jourdes 1,2, Virginie Moine 4, Joan Miquel Canals 3, Fernando Zamora 3 and Pierre-Louis Teissedre 1,2,* 1 Université de Bordeaux, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon CEDEX, France;
[email protected] (A.V.);
[email protected] (M.J.) 2 INRA, ISVV, USC 1366 Œnologie, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France 3 Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnología, Facultat d’Enologia de Tarragona, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.li Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
[email protected] (J.G.);
[email protected] (O.P.);
[email protected] (J.M.C.);
[email protected] (F.Z.) 4 Laffort, 11 rue Aristide Bergès, 33270 Floirac, France; virginie.moine@laffort.com * Correspondence:
[email protected] Received: 14 March 2019; Accepted: 10 April 2019; Published: 12 April 2019 Abstract: The effect of the botanical origin, pH level and ethanol content of different oenological tannins on the color of malvidin-3-O-monoglucoside solution, including their effectiveness as copigments, was studied. Briefly, a model wine solution (4 g/L of tartaric acid, pH 3.5 and 12% ethanol) containing 50 mg/L of malvidin-3-O-monoglucoside was prepared and supplemented with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g/L of commercial tannins using ( )-epicatechin as reference control copigment.