Oenological Tannins : Characteristics, Properties and Functionalities
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The Condensed Tannins of Okoume (Aucoumea Klaineana Pierre)
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The condensed tannins of Okoume (Aucoumea klaineana Pierre): A molecular structure and thermal stability study Starlin Péguy Engozogho Anris 1,2*, Arsène Bikoro Bi Athomo1,2, Rodrigue Safou Tchiama2,3, Francisco José Santiago-Medina4, Thomas Cabaret1, Antonio Pizzi4 & Bertrand Charrier1 In order to promote convenient strategies for the valorization of Aucoumea klaineana Pierre (Okoume) plywood and sawmill wastes industry in the felds of adhesives and composites, the total phenolic content of Okoume bark, sapwood and heartwood was measured. The molecular structure of tannins extracted from the bark was determined by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight (Maldi-ToF) mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The total phenolic content displayed signifcant diference (p = 0.001) between the bark, sapwood and heartwood which decreased as follows: 6 ± 0.4, 2 ± 0.8 and 0.7 ± 0.1% respectively. The pro-anthocyanidins content was also signifcantly diferent (p = 0.01) among the three wood wastes, and the bark was the richest in condensed tannins (4.2 ± 0.4%) compared to the sapwood (0.5 ± 0.1%) and heartwood (0.2 ± 0.2%). Liquid chromatography coupled mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and Maldi-ToF analysis of the bark showed for the frst time that Okoume condensed tannins are fsetinidin, gallocatechin and trihydroxyfavan based monomers and complex polymers obtained with glycosylated units. No free catechin or robitinidin units were detected, whereas distinctive dihydroxy or trihydroxyfavan-3-benzoate dimers were observed in the investigated condensed tannin extracts. FTIR analysis showed the occurrence of glucan- and mannan-like sugars in the condensed tannins, and Maldi-ToF highlighted that these sugars should account for ten glycosylated units chemically bonded with two fsetinidins and one gallocatechin trimer. -
Abstract Book
Welcome to the Ornithological Congress of the Americas! Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina, from 8–11 August, 2017 Puerto Iguazú is located in the heart of the interior Atlantic Forest and is the portal to the Iguazú Falls, one of the world’s Seven Natural Wonders and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The area surrounding Puerto Iguazú, the province of Misiones and neighboring regions of Paraguay and Brazil offers many scenic attractions and natural areas such as Iguazú National Park, and provides unique opportunities for birdwatching. Over 500 species have been recorded, including many Atlantic Forest endemics like the Blue Manakin (Chiroxiphia caudata), the emblem of our congress. This is the first meeting collaboratively organized by the Association of Field Ornithologists, Sociedade Brasileira de Ornitologia and Aves Argentinas, and promises to be an outstanding professional experience for both students and researchers. The congress will feature workshops, symposia, over 400 scientific presentations, 7 internationally renowned plenary speakers, and a celebration of 100 years of Aves Argentinas! Enjoy the book of abstracts! ORGANIZING COMMITTEE CHAIR: Valentina Ferretti, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA- CONICET) and Association of Field Ornithologists (AFO) Andrés Bosso, Administración de Parques Nacionales (Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable) Reed Bowman, Archbold Biological Station and Association of Field Ornithologists (AFO) Gustavo Sebastián Cabanne, División Ornitología, Museo Argentino -
Redalyc. Anatomy and Fruit Development in Schinopsis
Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid ISSN: 0211-1322 [email protected] Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas España González, Ana María; Vesprini, José Luis Anatomy and fruit development in Schinopsis balansae (Anacardiaceae) Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, vol. 67, núm. 2, julio-diciembre, 2010, pp. 103-112 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=55617069004 Abstract Schinopsis balansae Engl. is a dioecious tree; reproduction is by woody samaras containing a single seed. Fruit set is high, even in isolated trees, empty fruits are frequent and account for a high proportion of the total fruit production. To describe the anatomy and the ontogeny of seeded and seedless fruits, flowers and fruits at different development stages from bagged and pollen exposed flowers were studied. The development and the anatomy of the pericarp in seeded and parthenocarpic fruits did not differ. It consisted in an exocarp formed sensu lato from the external epidermis of the ovary and some layers of the underlying parenchyma. The mature mesocarp was constituted by a sclerified tissue and lysigenous channels. The fruit is of Anacardium type: the endocarp presented three sclerenchymatic and a crystalliferous layer. The endocarp development was also sensu lato because it was formed from the epidermis and the hypodermis of the carpel. This organization agrees with the only species described in the genus: S. haenkeana Engl. Schinopsis balansae is able to produce parthenocarpic fruits in the absence of pollination. Empty fruits from free exposed flowers presented embryos arrested at different stages, although total absence of an embryo was the most common condition. -
Herbal Insomnia Medications That Target Gabaergic Systems: a Review of the Psychopharmacological Evidence
Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] Current Neuropharmacology, 2014, 12, 000-000 1 Herbal Insomnia Medications that Target GABAergic Systems: A Review of the Psychopharmacological Evidence Yuan Shia, Jing-Wen Donga, Jiang-He Zhaob, Li-Na Tanga and Jian-Jun Zhanga,* aState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China; bDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Marine, Shandong University, Weihai, P.R. China Abstract: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder which is prevalent in women and the elderly. Current insomnia drugs mainly target the -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, melatonin receptor, histamine receptor, orexin, and serotonin receptor. GABAA receptor modulators are ordinarily used to manage insomnia, but they are known to affect sleep maintenance, including residual effects, tolerance, and dependence. In an effort to discover new drugs that relieve insomnia symptoms while avoiding side effects, numerous studies focusing on the neurotransmitter GABA and herbal medicines have been conducted. Traditional herbal medicines, such as Piper methysticum and the seed of Zizyphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa, have been widely reported to improve sleep and other mental disorders. These herbal medicines have been applied for many years in folk medicine, and extracts of these medicines have been used to study their pharmacological actions and mechanisms. Although effective and relatively safe, natural plant products have some side effects, such as hepatotoxicity and skin reactions effects of Piper methysticum. In addition, there are insufficient evidences to certify the safety of most traditional herbal medicine. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding a variety of natural plant products that are commonly used to treat insomnia to facilitate future studies. -
ABSTRACT LIU, XIN. Extraction and Anti-Bacterial Effects of Edible
ABSTRACT LIU, XIN. Extraction and Anti-Bacterial Effects of Edible Brown Algae Extracts. (Under the direction of Dr. Wenqiao Yuan). The desire to obtain natural phytochemicals with promising bioactivity and few or no side effects has been the motivation for investigating extraction processes for plants. These bioactivities make phytochemicals as potential food-preservation agents due to their effects of inhibiting lipid oxidation and spoilage microorganism growth, thus preventing food deterioration. In this study, extraction optimization of bioactive compounds from edible brown algae and their food preservation effects were investigated via the five objectives below. The first objective was to study the effects of extraction temperature (30 to 70℃), liquid-to-solid ratio (10 to 90 mL/g), and ethanol concentration (20 to 100%) of an ethanol-water binary solvent system on extracts from edible brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum. Most extracts showed higher total phenol content (TPC), total carbohydrate content (TCC) and antioxidant activity before rotary evaporation. The strongest antioxidant activity was observed at low temperature (30 and 40℃), low liquid-to-solid ratio (30 mL/g), and high ethanol concentration (80 and 100%), suggesting that the antioxidants of A. nodosum were thermal sensitive and had low polarity. The second objective was to optimize the extraction process using Box-Benhken Design (BBD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The conditions for maximum antioxidant activity of the crude extract were found at 70 mL/g, 80% ethanol, and 20℃, while the conditions for the highest crude extract yield were at 60℃, 50.02 mL/g, and 45.65% ethanol. The model- predicted antioxidant activity and yield were 72.75 mL/mg and 55.68 mg/g, respectively, which were in close agreement with the experimental results of 74.05±0.51 mL/mg and 56.41±2.59 mg/g, respectively, suggesting that the models could accurately predict and improve the extraction of antioxidants from A. -
Preparation, Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of Kelp Phlorotannin Nanoparticles
molecules Article Preparation, Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of Kelp Phlorotannin Nanoparticles Ying Bai 1, Yihan Sun 1, Yue Gu 1, Jie Zheng 2, Chenxu Yu 3 and Hang Qi 1,* 1 School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Deep Processing Technology Research Center, Dalian 116034, China; [email protected] (Y.B.); [email protected] (Y.S.); [email protected] (Y.G.) 2 Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China; [email protected] 3 Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-411-86318785 Academic Editor: Petras Rimantas Venskutonis Received: 27 August 2020; Accepted: 1 October 2020; Published: 5 October 2020 Abstract: Phlorotannins are a group of major polyphenol secondary metabolites found only in brown algae and are known for their bioactivities and multiple health benefits. However, they can be oxidized due to external factors and their bioavailability is low due to their low water solubility. In this study, the potential of utilizing nanoencapsulation with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to improve various activities of phlorotannins was explored. Phlorotannins encapsulated by PVP nanoparticles (PPNPS) with different loading ratios were prepared for characterization. Then, the PPNPS were evaluated for in vitro controlled release of phlorotannin, toxicity and antioxidant activities at the ratio of phlorotannin to PVP 1:8. The results indicated that the PPNPS showed a slow and sustained kinetic release of phlorotannin in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, they were non-toxic to HaCaT keratinocytes and they could reduce the generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS). -
A Biosystematic Study of Allium Amplectens Torr
University of the Pacific Scholarly Commons University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 1974 A biosystematic study of Allium amplectens Torr Vickie Lynn Cain University of the Pacific Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds Part of the Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Cain, Vickie Lynn. (1974). A biosystematic study of Allium amplectens Torr. University of the Pacific, Thesis. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/1850 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A BIOSYSTEMI\'l'IC STUDY OF AlHum amplectens Torr. A 'lliesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Biological Sciences University of the Pacific In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirewents for the.Degree Master of Science in Biological Sciences by Vickie Lynn Cain August 1974 This thesis, written and submitted by is approved for recommendation to the Committee on Graduate Studies, University of the Pacific. Department Chairman or Dean: Chairman I; /') Date d c.~ cA; lfli ACKUOlvl.EDGSIV!EN'TS 'l'he author_ wishes to tha.'l.k Dr. B. Tdhelton a.YJ.d Dr. P. Gross for their• inva~i uoble advise and donations of time. l\'Iy appreciation to Dr. McNeal> my advisor. Expert assistance in the library vJEts pro:- vlded by Pr·, i:':I. SshaJit. To Vij c.y KJ12nna and Dolores No::..a.n rny ap-- preciatlon for rwraJ. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.248,158 B2 Brown Et Al
USOO92481.58B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.248,158 B2 BrOWn et al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 2, 2016 (54) HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS AND METHODS OF 2008/022O101 A1* 9, 2008 Buchwald-Werner ... A23L 1,293 USE THEREOF 424,728 2008/0268024 A1* 10, 2008 Rull Prous et al. ........... 424/439 (71) Applicant: KBS Research, LLC, Plano, TX (US) 2010, 0008887 A1 1/2010 Nakamoto et al. (72) Inventors: Kenneth Brown, Plano, TX (US); FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Brandi M. Scott, Plano, TX (US) FR 2770228 A1 * 4, 1999 WO 2012131728 A2 10, 2012 (73) Assignee: KBS RESEARCH, LLC, Plano, TX (US) OTHER PUBLICATIONS (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Zotte et al., Dietary inclusion of tannin extract from red quebracho patent is extended or adjusted under 35 trees (Schinopsis spp.) in the rabbit meat production, 2009, Ital J U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. Anim Sci., 8:784-786.* Becker, K., et al. “Effects of dietary tannic acid and quebracho tannin on growth performance and metabolic rates of common carp (21) Appl. No.: 14/072,502 (Cyprinus carpio L.), Aquaculture, May 15, 1999, vol. 175, Issues Filed: Nov. 5, 2013 3-4, pp. 327-335. (22) Durmic, Z. et al. “Bioactive plants and plant products: Effects on Prior Publication Data animal function, health and welfare'. Animal Feed Science and Tech (65) nology, Sep. 21, 2012, vol. 176, Issues 1-4, pp. 150-162. US 2014/01.41108A1 May 22, 2014 Search Report and Written Opinion mailed Jan. 29, 2014, in corre sponding International Patent Application No. -
Universita' Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico Ii
UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II DIPARTIMENTO DI AGRARIA Dottorato di Ricerca in Scienze e Tecnologie delle Produzioni Agroalimentari XXVI Ciclo Effect of size and toasting degree of oak chips on the ellagitannins content and on acutissimin formation in wine model solution and in red wine Coordinatore Prof. Giancarlo Barbieri Tutor Candidata: Prof. Raffaele Romano Dott.sa Laura Le Grottaglie 1 1 UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II XXVI DOTTORATO IN SCIENZE E TECNOLOGIE DELLE PRODUZIONI AGRO-ALIMENTARI UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II XXVI DOTTORATO IN SCIENZE E TECNOLOGIE DELLE PRODUZIONI AGRO-ALIMENTARI Guardai il cielo: la via Lattea si stendeva sopra di me, mostrando l’immenso cammino che dovevamo percorrere. In un altro momento, questa immensità avrebbe suscitato in me una grande angoscia, una paura terribile di non poter ottenere niente, di essere troppo piccolo per quell’impresa. Ma quel giorno io ero una semente ed ero nato di nuovo. Avevo scoperto che, nonostante il conforto della terra e del sonno che stavo dormendo, la vita “lassù in cima” era molto più bella. E avrei potuto nascere sempre, ogni volta che avessi voluto, finché le mie braccia fossero diventate abbastanza grandi da stringere tutta la terra da cui provenivo. Paulo Coelho, Il cammino di Santiago 2 UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II XXVI DOTTORATO IN SCIENZE E TECNOLOGIE DELLE PRODUZIONI AGRO-ALIMENTARI Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... -
H-NMR Study of Schinopsis Lorentzii (Quebracho) Tannins As a Source of Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Principles
molecules Article Mass Spectrometry and 1H-NMR Study of Schinopsis lorentzii (Quebracho) Tannins as a Source of Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Principles Nunzio Cardullo , Vera Muccilli * , Vincenzo Cunsolo and Corrado Tringali Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; [email protected] (N.C.); [email protected] (V.C.); [email protected] (C.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-095-7385041 Academic Editor: Derek J. McPhee Received: 15 June 2020; Accepted: 16 July 2020; Published: 17 July 2020 Abstract: The ethyl acetate extract of the commercial tannin Tan’Activ QS-SOL (from Schinopsis lorentzii wood), employed for the production of red wine, was subjected to chromatography on Sephadex LH-20, providing nine fractions (A-1–A-9), which were estimated for total phenols content (GAE), antioxidant activity (DPPH, ORAC), and hypoglycemic activity (α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition). All the fractions were analyzed by means of HPLC/ESI-MS/MS and 1H-NMR to identify the principal active constituents. Fractions A-1 and A-3 showed the highest antioxidant activity and gallic acid (1), pyrogallol (3), eriodictyol (6), catechin (12), and taxifolin (30) were identified as the major constituents. The highest α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity was observed in fractions A-7–A-9 containing condensed (90, 15, 18, 19, 23, and 27) hydrolysable tannins (13 and 32) as well as esters of quinic acid with different units of gallic acid (5, 11, 110, 14, and 22). This last class of gallic acid esters are here reported for the first time as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors. -
Condensed Tannins 7
120 Biochem. J. (1961) 78, 120 Condensed Tannins 7. ISOLATION OF (-)-7:3':4'-TRIHYDROXYFLAVAN-3-OL [(-)-FISETINIDOL], A NATURALLY OCCURRING CATECHIN FROM BLACK-WATTLE HEARTWOOD* By D. G. ROUX AND E. PAULUS Leather Industries Research Institute, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa (Received 9 May 1960) The interrelated flavonoid compounds (+ )- aqueous phase extracted with ethyl acetate in each in- 7:3':4'-trihydroxyflavan-3:4-diol (Keppler, 1957) stance. The combined organic and ethyl acetate extracts of 2:3-trans:3:4-cis configuration (Clark-Lewis & from each fraction were evaporated to 50 ml. and applied Roux, 1959), (+ )-fustin (2:3-trans) and in bands to sheets (5 ml./sheet) of 221 in. x 18j in. What- 1958, man no. 3 chromatographic paper. The chromatograms fisetin (Roux & Paulus, 1960) have been isolated were developed by upward migration in 2 % acetic acid for from black-wattle-wood tannins. In the present 12 hr. The fustin (RF 0-43 on Whatman no. 3 paper), the study a new catechin, (-)-fisetinidol, correspond- polymeric leuco-fisetinidin and the ( +)-mollisacacidin ing to these substances has been isolated, and their (traces) (RF 0 57) bands were located with toluene-p- biogenesis is discussed. sulphonic acid. Bands in the region Rp 050 which appeared yellowish in ordinary light were cut out and eluted with 70% ethanol. Concentrate of the eluents gave 0-113 g. of EXPERIMENTAL AND RESULTS pale-yellow crystals. The mother liquors were purified by All melting points are uncorrected. Mixed melting running on five sheets, as above, yielding a further 0-05 g. points were on equimolecular mixtures of the substances Pale-yellow crystals of (- )-fisetinidol, m.p. -
Gabon): (Khaya Ivorensis A. Chev
Analysis and valorization of co-products from industrial transformation of Mahogany (Gabon) : (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev) Arsène Bikoro Bi Athomo To cite this version: Arsène Bikoro Bi Athomo. Analysis and valorization of co-products from industrial transformation of Mahogany (Gabon) : (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev). Analytical chemistry. Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, 2020. English. NNT : 2020PAUU3001. tel-02887477 HAL Id: tel-02887477 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02887477 Submitted on 2 Jul 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE Présentée et soutenue publiquement pour l’obtention du grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE PAU ET DES PAYS DE L’ADOUR Spécialité : Chimie Analytique et environnement Par Arsène BIKORO BI ATHOMO Analyse et valorisation des coproduits de la transformation industrielle de l’Acajou du Gabon (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev) Sous la direction de Bertrand CHARRIER et Florent EYMA À Mont de Marsan, le 20 Février 2020 Rapporteurs : Pr. Philippe GERARDIN Professeur, Université de Lorraine Dr. Jalel LABIDI Professeur, Université du Pays Basque Examinateurs : Pr. Antonio PIZZI Professeur, Université de Lorraine Maitre assistant, Université des Sciences et Dr. Rodrigue SAFOU TCHIAMA Techniques de Masuku Maitre assistant, Université des Sciences et Dr.