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Herbal Insomnia Medications That Target Gabaergic Systems: a Review of the Psychopharmacological Evidence
Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] Current Neuropharmacology, 2014, 12, 000-000 1 Herbal Insomnia Medications that Target GABAergic Systems: A Review of the Psychopharmacological Evidence Yuan Shia, Jing-Wen Donga, Jiang-He Zhaob, Li-Na Tanga and Jian-Jun Zhanga,* aState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China; bDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Marine, Shandong University, Weihai, P.R. China Abstract: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder which is prevalent in women and the elderly. Current insomnia drugs mainly target the -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, melatonin receptor, histamine receptor, orexin, and serotonin receptor. GABAA receptor modulators are ordinarily used to manage insomnia, but they are known to affect sleep maintenance, including residual effects, tolerance, and dependence. In an effort to discover new drugs that relieve insomnia symptoms while avoiding side effects, numerous studies focusing on the neurotransmitter GABA and herbal medicines have been conducted. Traditional herbal medicines, such as Piper methysticum and the seed of Zizyphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa, have been widely reported to improve sleep and other mental disorders. These herbal medicines have been applied for many years in folk medicine, and extracts of these medicines have been used to study their pharmacological actions and mechanisms. Although effective and relatively safe, natural plant products have some side effects, such as hepatotoxicity and skin reactions effects of Piper methysticum. In addition, there are insufficient evidences to certify the safety of most traditional herbal medicine. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding a variety of natural plant products that are commonly used to treat insomnia to facilitate future studies. -
ABSTRACT LIU, XIN. Extraction and Anti-Bacterial Effects of Edible
ABSTRACT LIU, XIN. Extraction and Anti-Bacterial Effects of Edible Brown Algae Extracts. (Under the direction of Dr. Wenqiao Yuan). The desire to obtain natural phytochemicals with promising bioactivity and few or no side effects has been the motivation for investigating extraction processes for plants. These bioactivities make phytochemicals as potential food-preservation agents due to their effects of inhibiting lipid oxidation and spoilage microorganism growth, thus preventing food deterioration. In this study, extraction optimization of bioactive compounds from edible brown algae and their food preservation effects were investigated via the five objectives below. The first objective was to study the effects of extraction temperature (30 to 70℃), liquid-to-solid ratio (10 to 90 mL/g), and ethanol concentration (20 to 100%) of an ethanol-water binary solvent system on extracts from edible brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum. Most extracts showed higher total phenol content (TPC), total carbohydrate content (TCC) and antioxidant activity before rotary evaporation. The strongest antioxidant activity was observed at low temperature (30 and 40℃), low liquid-to-solid ratio (30 mL/g), and high ethanol concentration (80 and 100%), suggesting that the antioxidants of A. nodosum were thermal sensitive and had low polarity. The second objective was to optimize the extraction process using Box-Benhken Design (BBD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The conditions for maximum antioxidant activity of the crude extract were found at 70 mL/g, 80% ethanol, and 20℃, while the conditions for the highest crude extract yield were at 60℃, 50.02 mL/g, and 45.65% ethanol. The model- predicted antioxidant activity and yield were 72.75 mL/mg and 55.68 mg/g, respectively, which were in close agreement with the experimental results of 74.05±0.51 mL/mg and 56.41±2.59 mg/g, respectively, suggesting that the models could accurately predict and improve the extraction of antioxidants from A. -
Preparation, Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of Kelp Phlorotannin Nanoparticles
molecules Article Preparation, Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of Kelp Phlorotannin Nanoparticles Ying Bai 1, Yihan Sun 1, Yue Gu 1, Jie Zheng 2, Chenxu Yu 3 and Hang Qi 1,* 1 School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Deep Processing Technology Research Center, Dalian 116034, China; [email protected] (Y.B.); [email protected] (Y.S.); [email protected] (Y.G.) 2 Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China; [email protected] 3 Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-411-86318785 Academic Editor: Petras Rimantas Venskutonis Received: 27 August 2020; Accepted: 1 October 2020; Published: 5 October 2020 Abstract: Phlorotannins are a group of major polyphenol secondary metabolites found only in brown algae and are known for their bioactivities and multiple health benefits. However, they can be oxidized due to external factors and their bioavailability is low due to their low water solubility. In this study, the potential of utilizing nanoencapsulation with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to improve various activities of phlorotannins was explored. Phlorotannins encapsulated by PVP nanoparticles (PPNPS) with different loading ratios were prepared for characterization. Then, the PPNPS were evaluated for in vitro controlled release of phlorotannin, toxicity and antioxidant activities at the ratio of phlorotannin to PVP 1:8. The results indicated that the PPNPS showed a slow and sustained kinetic release of phlorotannin in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, they were non-toxic to HaCaT keratinocytes and they could reduce the generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS). -
The Halogenated Metabolism of Brown Algae
The Halogenated Metabolism of Brown Algae (Phaeophyta), Its Biological Importance and Its Environmental Significance Stéphane La Barre, Philippe Potin, Catherine Leblanc, Ludovic Delage To cite this version: Stéphane La Barre, Philippe Potin, Catherine Leblanc, Ludovic Delage. The Halogenated Metabolism of Brown Algae (Phaeophyta), Its Biological Importance and Its Environmental Significance. Marine drugs, MDPI, 2010, 8, pp.988. hal-00987044 HAL Id: hal-00987044 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00987044 Submitted on 5 May 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Mar. Drugs 2010, 8, 988-1010; doi:10.3390/md8040988 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Review The Halogenated Metabolism of Brown Algae (Phaeophyta), Its Biological Importance and Its Environmental Significance Stéphane La Barre 1,2,*, Philippe Potin 1,2, Catherine Leblanc 1,2 and Ludovic Delage 1,2 1 Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique F-29682, Roscoff, France; E-Mails: [email protected] (P.P.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (L.D.) 2 CNRS, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique F-29682, Roscoff, France * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-298-292-361; Fax: +33-298-292-385. -
An Emerging Trend in Functional Foods for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: Marine Algal Polyphenols
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition ISSN: 1040-8398 (Print) 1549-7852 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/bfsn20 An emerging trend in functional foods for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: Marine algal polyphenols Margaret Murray , Aimee L. Dordevic , Lisa Ryan & Maxine P. Bonham To cite this article: Margaret Murray , Aimee L. Dordevic , Lisa Ryan & Maxine P. Bonham (2016): An emerging trend in functional foods for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: Marine algal polyphenols, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1259209 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1259209 Accepted author version posted online: 11 Nov 2016. Published online: 11 Nov 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 322 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=bfsn20 Download by: [130.194.127.231] Date: 09 July 2017, At: 16:18 CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1259209 An emerging trend in functional foods for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: Marine algal polyphenols Margaret Murray a, Aimee L. Dordevic b, Lisa Ryan b, and Maxine P. Bonham a aDepartment of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; bDepartment of Natural Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Marine macroalgae are gaining recognition among the scientific community as a significant source of Anti-inflammatory; functional food ingredients. -
Eckol Alleviates Intestinal Dysfunction During Suckling-To-Weaning Transition Via Modulation of PDX1 and HBEGF
Eckol alleviates intestinal dysfunction during suckling-to-weaning transition via modulation of PDX1 and HBEGF Sang In Lee ( [email protected] ) Kyungpook National University - Sangju Campus In Ho Kim Dankook University Research Keywords: Barrier function, Eckol, HBEGF, Ethanol extract of dried E. cava Posted Date: April 29th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-25134/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at International Journal of Molecular Sciences on July 3rd, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134755. Page 1/26 Abstract Background Maintaining intestinal health in livestock is critical during weaning. Although intestinal dysfunction during this period can be alleviated by phlorotannins including eckol, the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. We addressed this question by evaluating changes in gene expression and intestinal function after treatment with eckol during the suckling-to-weaning transition. The biological roles of differentially expressed genes in intestinal development were investigated by assessing intestinal wound healing and barrier function and associated signaling pathways, along with oxidative stress levels. Results We identied 890 differentially expressed genes in the intestine whose expression was altered by eckol treatment including pancreatic and duodenal homeobox (PDX)1, which directly regulate the expression of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HBEGF) to preserve intestinal barrier function and promote wound healing via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and P38 signaling. Additionally, eckol alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative stress via PI3K/AKT, P38, and 5' AMP-activated protein kinase signaling, improved growth, and reduced oxidative stress and intestinal permeability in pigs during weaning. -
Plant-Derivatives Small Molecules with Antibacterial Activity
Review Plant‐Derivatives Small Molecules with Antibacterial Activity Sana Alibi 1, Dámaso Crespo 2 and Jesús Navas 2,3,* 1 Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mahdia 5121, Tunisia; [email protected] 2 BIOMEDAGE Group, Faculty of Medicine, Cantabria University, 39011 Santander, Spain; [email protected] 3 Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34‐942‐201‐943 Abstract: The vegetal world constitutes the main factory of chemical products, in particular second‐ ary metabolites like phenols, phenolic acids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Many of these compounds are small molecules with antibacterial activity, although very few are actually in the market as an‐ tibiotics for clinical practice or as food preservers. The path from the detection of antibacterial activ‐ ity in a plant extract to the practical application of the active(s) compound(s) is long, and goes through their identification, purification, in vitro and in vivo analysis of their biological and phar‐ macological properties, and validation in clinical trials. This review presents an update of the main contributions published on the subject, focusing on the compounds that showed activity against multidrug‐resistant relevant bacterial human pathogens, paying attention to their mechanisms of action and synergism with classical antibiotics. Keywords: small molecules; plant‐derivates; antibacterial activity; multi‐drug resistance Citation: Alibi, S.; Crespo D.; Navas, J. 1. Introduction Plant‐Derivatives Small Molecules There is a wide range of plant species on Earth (400,000–500,000 species). Each plant with Antibacterial Activity. is a small factory of chemical products, notably secondary metabolites, small molecules Antibiotics 2021, 10, 231. -
Chemical Modification of Tannins to Elaborate Aromatic Biobased
Green Chemistry View Article Online CRITICAL REVIEW View Journal | View Issue Chemical modification of tannins to elaborate aromatic biobased macromolecular architectures Cite this: Green Chem., 2015, 17, 2626 Alice Arbenz and Luc Avérous* Tannins are, after lignins, the most abundant source of natural aromatic biomolecules and can be an alterna- tive feedstock for the elaboration of chemicals, building blocks to develop polymers and materials. Tannins are present in all vascular and some non-vascular plants. One of their major issues is the versatility according to their botanical origin, extraction and purification processes. During the last few decades, tannins have been exploited and chemically modified for the development of new biobased polymers, thanks to their functionality brought by phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups. After a historical overview, this review sum- Received 6th February 2015, marizes the different classes of tannins. Some generalities concerning the extraction techniques of tannins Accepted 26th February 2015 and the corresponding properties are also described. This review provides in detail the different chemical DOI: 10.1039/c5gc00282f modifications of tannins which have been previously reported, with corresponding pathways and appli- Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. www.rsc.org/greenchem cations. Finally, the main chemical pathways to obtain polymeric materials are especially presented. 1. Introduction are, after lignins, a major source of polyphenolic components with 160 000 tons potentially biosynthesized each year all over After cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, tannins are the most the world.1 Tannins are found in various proportions in all vas- abundant compounds extracted from the biomass. Tannins cular plants and in some non-vascular plants, such as algae. -
Prolonged Exposure of Marine Algal Phlorotannins with Whitening Effect
General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovations Research Article ISSN: 2397-5237 Prolonged exposure of marine algal phlorotannins with whitening effect did not cause inflammatory hyperpigmentation in zebrafish larva Seon-Heui Cha1, Eun-Ah Kim2, Kil-Nam Kim3, Soo-Jin Heo2, Hee-Sook Jun4-6* and You-Jin Jeon7* 1Department of Marine Bio and Medical Science, Hanseo Universirty, Republic of Korea 2Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Republic of Korea 3Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Republic of Korea 4College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Republic of Korea 5Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Republic of Korea 6Gachon Medical and Convergence Institute, Gachon Gil Medical center, Republic of Korea 7School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea Abstract The demand for novel melanin synthesis inhibitors is increasing due to the weak effectiveness and unwanted side effects. Thus, marine algae have been studied as sources of inhibitors of melanin synthesis, but it is still unclear whether they will be effective in in vivo. In this study, we investigated whether marine algal phlorotannins including phloroglucinol (PG), ekcol (EK), and dieckol (DK) from Ecklonia cava inhibit melanin synthesis in zebrafish embryos. PG, EK, and DK treatment were found to inhibit melanin synthesis in zebrafish embryos as similar to arbutin, used as a positive control. Interestingly, PG, EK, and DK treatment showed no toxicity, whereas arbutin treatment showed toxicity for long-term exposure. As well, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were increased in arbutin treatment, whereas, the mRNA expression were not altered in PG, EK, and DK treatment by long-tern exposure. -
Phlorotannins and Macroalgal Polyphenols: Potential As Functional 3 Food Ingredients and Role in Health Promotion
Phlorotannins and Macroalgal Polyphenols: Potential As Functional 3 Food Ingredients and Role in Health Promotion Margaret Murray, Aimee L. Dordevic, Lisa Ryan, and Maxine P. Bonham Abstract Marine macroalgae are rapidly gaining recognition as a source of functional ingredients that can be used to promote health and prevent disease. There is accu- mulating evidence from in vitro studies, animal models, and emerging evidence in human trials that phlorotannins, a class of polyphenol that are unique to marine macroalgae, have anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic effects. The ability of phlorotannins to mediate hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia makes them attractive candidates for the development of functional food products to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. This chapter gives an overview of the sources and structure of phlorotannins, as well as how they are identified and quantified in marine algae. This chapter will discuss the dietary intake of macroalgal polyphenols and the current evidence regarding their anti- hyperglycaemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic actions in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, this chapter will examine the potential of marine algae and their polyphenols to be produced into functional food products through investigating safe levels of poly- phenol consumption, processing techniques, the benefits of farming marine algae, and the commercial potential of marine functional products. Keywords Hyperglycaemia · Hyperlipidaemia · Macroalgae · Phlorotannin · Polyphenol M. Murray · A. L. Dordevic · M. P. Bonham ( ) Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia e-mail: [email protected] L. Ryan Department of Natural Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Impact of Phlorotannin Extracts from Fucus Vesiculosus on Human Gut Microbiota
marine drugs Article Impact of Phlorotannin Extracts from Fucus vesiculosus on Human Gut Microbiota Marcelo D. Catarino 1 , Catarina Marçal 1 , Teresa Bonifácio-Lopes 2,Débora Campos 2 , Nuno Mateus 3 , Artur M. S. Silva 1 , Maria Manuela Pintado 2 and Susana M. Cardoso 1,* 1 LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; [email protected] (M.D.C.); [email protected] (C.M.); [email protected] (A.M.S.S.) 2 CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; [email protected] (T.B.-L.); [email protected] (D.C.); [email protected] (M.M.P.) 3 REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-234-370-360; Fax: +351-234-370-084 Abstract: Recent studies indicate that plant polyphenols could be pointed as potential prebiotic candidates since they may interact with the gut microbiota, stimulating its growth and the production of metabolites. However, little is known about the fate of brown seaweeds’ phlorotannins during their passage throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This work aimed to evaluate the stability and bioaccessibility of Fucus vesiculosus phlorotannins after being submitted to a simulated digestive process, as well as their possible modulatory effects on gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids production following a fermentation procedure using fecal inoculates to mimic the conditions of the large intestine. The stability of phlorotannins throughout the gastrointestinal tract was reduced, Citation: Catarino, M.D.; Marçal, C.; with a bioaccessibility index between 2 and 14%. -
Investigating the Novel Use of Seaweed Extracts As Biopesticides
Investigating the Novel Use of Seaweed Extracts as Biopesticides Submitted to the Waterford Institute of Technology for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Emma O Keeffe Eco-Innovation Research Centre (EIRC) Waterford Institute of Technology Waterford Ireland Prepared under the supervision of Dr Nick McCarthy, Dr Helen Hughes, Dr Peter McLoughlin and Dr Shiau Pin Tan DECLARATION I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment is entirely my own work and has not been taken from the work of others, save to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work. Signed: _________________________ ID No.: _________________________ Date: _________________________ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It’s hard to believe four years has passed since I began my studies in WIT which has had both its highs and lows but have always being grateful of the opportunity that was given to me. I could not of completed this journey without the help of others who offered me guidance, support and friendship throughout the years of study and also the WIT scholarship programme for funding this research. Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Nick, Helen, Peter and Shiau Pin Tan (Graece) for their continuous support, patience and freedom to pursue my research, while silently and non-obtrusively ensuring that I stayed on course and do not deviate from the core of my research. Without this guidance, this thesis would not have been possible and I shall eternally be grateful to my supervisors for their assistance. I would like to give a special thanks to Graece who was an incredible mentor particularly in the area of microbiology which I had very little experience in.