DOCSLIB.ORG

Solar City Gelsenkirchen: from Thousand Fires to Thousand Suns

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Solar City Gelsenkirchen: from Thousand Fires to Thousand Suns © 2002 WIT Press, Ashurst Lodge, Southampton, SO40 7AA, UK. All rights reserved. Web: www.witpress.com Email [email protected] Paper from: The Sustainable City II, CA Brebbia, JF Martin-Duque & LC Wadhwa (Editors). ISBN 1-85312-917-8 Solar City Gelsenkirchen: From thousand fires to thousand suns F. Wouters, S. Gajewski Ecojjs GmbH, Koln, Germany Abstract To achieve national and international climate saving goals, municipalities play an important part with their regional programs and the realisation of concrete measures, The municipal playing field is characterised by short communication channels between the citizens and their government and is therefore a suitable location for climate saving programmed. The municipality can directly approach various relevant actors and act as an initiator itself. The International Energy Agency has started with its new Task ,Solar Ci~’ an initiative for municipalities, in which concrete climate saving goals are being pursued by synergetic actions, the application of renewable energies, rational use of energy, energy conservation, industrial innovation and better quality of living. The IEA So!ar City Program aims at integrating various initiatives world-wide, that aim at sustainability of cities in the field of building, living and working. The IEA Solar City Program will co-ordinate and disseminate these activities and will create an international network of Experts and expertise. The City of Gelsenkirchen, a city with some 240,000 inhabitants lies in the heart of Northrhine-Westfalia (NRW), the most densely populated and most energy intensive German state, With the gradual demise of the traditional coal mining sector, the last decades have stretched the City of Gelsenkirchens flexibility to the edge, As a proactive step towards a sustainable future, Gelsenkirchen has chosen solar energy as the key technology for the structural change boosting the local economy. The old nickname – City of Thousand Fires – a reference to its steel history, is to be replaced by – City of Thousand Suns -. The first significant step towards structural change was taken by building the Science Park with a 210 kWp Photovoltaic system, housing several companies involved in R&D and engineering of solar energy technologies. Further significant steps were the most modem crystalline solar cell factory by Shell Solar Energy, which started production in 1999, the expansion of Flabegs (former Pilkington) activities, the opening of an FhG-ISE branch specialised on © 2002 WIT Press, Ashurst Lodge, Southampton, SO40 7AA, UK. All rights reserved. Web: www.witpress.com Email [email protected] Paper from: The Sustainable City II, CA Brebbia, JF Martin-Duque & LC Wadhwa (Editors). ISBN 1-85312-917-8 274 ~~lc~.Ymtainable(’ity II celJ manufacturing and the expected BlueSun module corporation. The city has furthermore initiated several solar settlements, both in renovation and newly built areas, consisting of low energy houses incorporating solar and other renewable energy technologies. The Housing Ministry of Northrhine-Westfalia has commissioned Ecofys, the RWTH Aachen in conjunction with the BUGH Wuppertal and the Science Park Gelsenkirchen to assist the City of Gelsenkirchen in their effort to specify the topic Solar City and to achieve their climate saving goals The IEA The 25 IEA member states have agreed to mutually optimise the supply of crude oil, to exchange relevant energy information, to co-ordinate energy policies and to co-operate in programmed aiming at the rational use of energy. In the Solar Heating and Cooling Program several R&D programs are bundled that aim at a sustainable energy Mure through the increased use of solar design and solar technologies. The Solar City Program is new and will run until 2005. Solar City - IEA Task30 The aim of IEA Solar City is to develop and implement municipal strategies for the increased application of solar and other renewable energy technologies. Although many cities have strategies for rational use of energy andlor the application of renewable energies, hardly any municipality has a strategy that, ● Is fully integrated in the municipal management structure, . Has synergetic targets for a reduction of the energy consumption or the emission of Greenhouse gases, and/or that . Includes both technologies and industry development. lEA Solar City aims at integrating these targets. The program is presently in the definition phase and will most likely start mid-2002. The following countries/cities have shown interest in participation (status: summer 2001): Solar Cl* Korea Solar city China ‘aegu ~wangju Solar ~lW USA PRC 20k tOWi7S,,... ..- -... Pittsbutuh,-.. Sacramento Solar City Hong KpWg’” HKSAR, “ ‘%lar City Mexico M:xico City Solar City M&-alla MeU@me Solar City Panmark IEA SHC Task 30 ‘%.~’$~~~%a Copen agen Solar City Sola/ City Balglum Solar City ermany sol@lw CanadE Ge/sen~,phen Definition partners SOlarCltv Israel ,’, Solar City htherlanda Den Aqg Soi6’r City Japan So16r City Taiwan Solar Cltyltaly ,., ‘ Pa/emro, Rome-..,.- .SolSr”Clty UK solar CIW ~~@@@n-~~~tboume, Southwark Gutetsorg Figure 1: Participating Cities in IEA Task 30 Solar City © 2002 WIT Press, Ashurst Lodge, Southampton, SO40 7AA, UK. All rights reserved. Web: www.witpress.com Email [email protected] Paper from: The Sustainable City II, CA Brebbia, JF Martin-Duque & LC Wadhwa (Editors). ISBN 1-85312-917-8 Various other countries are still considering whether to participate or not. Every participant is obliged to exchange information and to support the program. This implies that money and experts have to be made available. What is a solar city? There are many definitions of a solar city. IEA Solar City defines as follows: “An urban community which embraces a path of integrating solar and other renewable energy technologies as well as efficiency measures into a broader, community-wide planning strategy aimed at climate-stable greenhouse-gas emissions levels by 2050.” For Gelsenkirchen the definition was expanded with the following visions: ,, ‘Solar City’ as a clear, healthy, sun-lit citv with a high quality of living and a high quality public space. Solar CiO’ as u hmart, environmentally conscious, technologically innovative and modern city. “ Many climate studies have shown, that 3.3t COZ/ inhabitant and year is a sustainable level of C02 emissions. Figure 2 shows the actual yearly C02-Emissions per inhabitant and year for selected countries. The USA exhibit with 19t C02 /inhabitant the highest emissions. Every German resident presently emits some 1lt COZon a yearly basis, implying that a German solar city will have to reduce its emissions by 70%. Figure 3 contains a graphical representation of a possible reduction scenario and the relationship between marginal costs and the degree of C02-Reduction, It is clear that the marginal costs increase with increasing ambition, It should be noted however, that the cost curve also changes with increasing (market) development of environmentally benign technologies. The implementation cannot be limited to solar energy technologies, but requires an integral approach for sustainable city development in all relevant sectors (Buildings, Traffic, Industry, Urbanism and Energy Supply) and incorporates communication and exchange with other Solar Cities. All relevant actors (Municipal, Industry and Citizens) should co-operate in a joint effort to realise the targets. The general basic principles of a Solar City are: 1. To consume little energy, 2. An efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion, 3. A possible high share of renewable energies, thereby 4. Including a high quality of living The first three principles are called the Trias Energetic. © 2002 WIT Press, Ashurst Lodge, Southampton, SO40 7AA, UK. All rights reserved. Web: www.witpress.com Email [email protected] Paper from: The Sustainable City II, CA Brebbia, JF Martin-Duque & LC Wadhwa (Editors). ISBN 1-85312-917-8 Cmeda h Norway Oenmark m Belolum Ifzetiand #pNn I SuetelnabloR Chsd Vietnam Nigeria Eangladeeh Pakleten Figure 2: C02-Emissions per Inhabitant and Year for Selected Countries, Actual marginal Coate of C02-Reduction Meeeurea 300 Reduction Target Gelaenklrchen ——— —.. .-—● ~i’z ~: 000 I..-–.y o ———,—-—F —. —Y 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 25%930% 35% 40% 45?4 50% Year Dogmaof Raductlon Figure 3. Reduction target and actual marginal costs for COz-reduction measures Aspects of IEA Solar City The program is sub-divided into three sub-tasks: In Subtask A ‘Strategies and Planning Tools’, the present energy plans and current praxis of the participating cities will be evaluated. Through an intensive exchange of information and a scientific support program, the Cities will be ,solarised’ and its management supported. In Subtask B ‘Targets, Baselines and Scenarios’ for every city a concrete strategy for medium-term sustainable development will be elaborated, which will have to be ratified by the respective ci~ councils. An integral part of this task is the development of a methodology and criteria, that form the basis of a monitoring © 2002 WIT Press, Ashurst Lodge, Southampton, SO40 7AA, UK. All rights reserved. Web: www.witpress.com Email [email protected] Paper from: The Sustainable City II, CA Brebbia, JF Martin-Duque & LC Wadhwa (Editors). ISBN 1-85312-917-8 The Sustainable [“’ity II 277 system and planning guidelines, The strategy contains scenarios with plans of actions, preferably divided in smaller timefhrne units with intermediate targets (e.g. 5-year periods until 2050). Subtask
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Case Study North Rhine-Westphalia
    Contract No. 2008.CE.16.0.AT.020 concerning the ex post evaluation of cohesion policy programmes 2000‐2006 co‐financed by the European Regional Development Fund (Objectives 1 and 2) Work Package 4 “Structural Change and Globalisation” CASE STUDY NORTH RHINE‐WESTPHALIA (DE) Prepared by Christian Hartmann (Joanneum Research) for: European Commission Directorate General Regional Policy Policy Development Evaluation Unit CSIL, Centre for Industrial Studies, Milan, Italy Joanneum Research, Graz, Austria Technopolis Group, Brussels, Belgium In association with Nordregio, the Nordic Centre for Spatial Development, Stockholm, Sweden KITE, Centre for Knowledge, Innovation, Technology and Enterprise, Newcastle, UK Case Study – North Rhine‐Westphalia (DE) Acronyms BERD Business Expenditure on R&D DPMA German Patent and Trade Mark Office ERDF European Regional Development Fund ESF European Social Fund EU European Union GERD Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D GDP Gross Domestic Product GRP Gross Regional Product GVA Gross Value Added ICT Information and Communication Technology IWR Institute of the Renewable Energy Industry LDS State Office for Statistics and Data Processing NGO Non‐governmental Organisation NPO Non‐profit Organisation NRW North Rhine‐Westphalia NUTS Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics PPS Purchasing Power Standard REN Rational Energy Use and Exploitation of Renewable Resources R&D Research and Development RTDI Research, Technological Development and Innovation SME Small and Medium Enterprise SPD Single Programming Document
    [Show full text]
  • Shrinking German Cities -The Cases of Halle and Gelsenkirchen
    Master Thesis Shrinking German cities -The cases of Halle and Gelsenkirchen- Author: Nora Kaminski Supervisor: Jan-Evert Nilsson Tutor: Alina Lidén Submitted to Blekinge Tekniska Högskola for the Master of European Spatial Planning and Regional Development on the 13/04/2012 Abstract The thesis researches the reasons of shrinking cities, especially the impact of deindustrialisation, in Germany using the example of Halle and Gelsenkirchen. Additionally, the policy response towards this phenomenon in terms of urban consolidation in the cities is posed. For doing that, the economic history of the towns is investigated and simultaneously the development of population and of unemployment is researched, as they are closely connected to the economy. With an analysis of the proportion of employees in the different economic sectors in the course of time the structural change becomes more obvious. A shifting has taken place: both cities engage currently more people in the tertiary sector and less people in the secondary sector as twenty years ago. Concluding all indicators it can be said that a deindustrialisation took place. However, also other influences on shrinking, as for example migration, are described and their impact on both cities is explained. With investigating the consolidation areas of the programme Stadtumbau Ost and Stadtumbau West in Halle and Gelsenkirchen the possible course of action by the policy is presented and those areas in Halle and Gelsenkirchen are identified, which have the biggest population decline and the highest vacancy rates. Critique about the Stadtumbau programme is given at the end of the research. The result of the analysis is that deindustrialisation can explain big parts of the shrinking process in both cities.
    [Show full text]
  • Düsseldorf - Duisburg
    RE3 RE RE3 Rhein-Emscher Express DB-Kursbuchstrecke: 416 und zurück Gelsenkirchen - Dortmund Düsseldorf - Duisburg DüsseldorfD-Flughafen Hbf Duisburg OberhausenHbf E-Altenessen Hbf GelsenkirchenWanne-Eickel Hbf Herne Hbf Bf Castrop-RauxelDO-Mengede HbfDortmundDO-Scharnhorst Hbf DO-Kurl Kamen-MethlerKamen NordböggeHamm (Westf) Hamm P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R und zurück Anschlüsse siehe Haltestellenverzeichnis/Linienplan Fahrradmitnahme begrenzt möglich RE RE3 RE RE3 montags bis freitags RE3 Haltestellen Abfahrtszeiten Düsseldorf Hbf ab 4.45 9.45 10.45 11.45 18.45 19.45 23.45 Gelsenkirchen - Dortmund Düsseldorf - Duisburg D-Flughafen Bf an 4.52 9.52 10.52 11.52 18.52 19.52 23.52 D-Flughafen Bf ab 4.53 9.53 10.53 11.53 18.53 19.53 23.53 Duisburg Hbf an 5.03 10.03 11.03 12.03 19.03 20.03 0.03 Duisburg Hbf ab 5.10 10.10 11.10 12.10 19.10 20.10 0.10 Oberhausen Hbf an 5.15 10.15 11.15 12.15 19.15 20.15 0.15 Oberhausen Hbf ab 5.16 10.16 11.16 12.16 19.16 20.16 alle 0.16 Essen Altenessen Bf 23 23 23 23 23 2360 23 Gelsenkirchen Hbf an 5.28 10.28 11.28 12.28 19.28 20.28 Min. 0.28 Gelsenkirchen Hbf ab 5.29 10.29 11.29 12.29 19.29 20.29 0.29 HER Wanne-Eickel Hbf an 5.33 alle 10.33 11.33 12.33 alle 19.33 20.33 0.33 HER Wanne-Eickel Hbf 3460 34 34 3460 34 34 34 Herne Bf 38Min.
    [Show full text]
  • Gelsenkirchen
    C-Change City Profile Gelsenkirchen City of Gelsenkirchen, by Armin Hardes UNDERSTANDING THE CITY • At the heart of the Ruhr metropolis, one of Europe’s largest conurbations • An independent city administration in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia, member of the Regionalverband Ruhr, the regional association of the 53 cities of the Ruhr metropolis • Once the most important coal-mining town in Europe, known as the ‘city of a thousand flames’ • Target of heavy bombing during World War II • A wealthy city until the 1960s and the decline of the coal industry • A population of 5,000 people in 1840 when coal-mining began which, following a long history of immigration, reached 389,000 in 1960, decreased to 256,000 in 2012, and is now increasing, in particular due to immigration from EU member states and refugee settlement • Transformation in natural and built environment and industrial and cultural landscape as a result of a major federal programme of structural change for the Ruhr region 1988-1999 • “Solar City”, one of Germany’s leading centres for solar technology from about 1995-2015 • Part of the Ruhr 2010 European Capital of Culture 2010, a key moment in the city and the region’s journey from an economy based on coal to a culturally creative and economically varied region • A relatively poor city, dealing with the legacy of a ban on universities in the region until the 1960s, and the lack of a strong middle class and facing issues in the areas of education, employment and immigration • City strategy is focused on education, high-tech industries, culture and creativity, digitalisation, European networking, sustainable development and climate change • Football plays a big part in the city, which is home to the famous Schalke 04 football club.
    [Show full text]
  • Kriminalstatistik Im Städtevergleich 2015
    Ausgabe 14/2016 statistik. aktuell Kriminalstatistik im Städtevergleich 2015 Deliktorientierte Sichtweise setzt sich durch Straßenkriminalität, Schwarzfahren und Aufenthalts- delikte im Vergleich zu den Straftaten insgesamt In der Vergangenheit wurde mit der Veröffentlichung der Polizeilichen Kriminalstatistik durch das Bundes- Frankfurt am Main 16 549,9 kriminalamt oft ein Gesamtranking der Kriminalität in Berlin 16 414,3 deutschen Städten erstellt. Inzwischen ist auch in Hannover 16 065,6 der öffentlichen Darstellung in den Medien zuneh- Köln 14 857,5 Dortmund 14 398,7 mend eine deliktspezifi sche Betrachtung der Krimi- Halle (Saale) 14 145,9 nalität festzustellen, die ein differenzierteres Bild der Bremen 13 951,2 Kriminalitätsbelastung zeichnet. Denn jede Stadt hat Düsseldorf 13 938,2 andere Kriminalitätsbrennpunkte, die ein besonde- Hamburg 13 802,7 Aachen 13 659,7 res Vorgehen der örtlichen Polizeikräfte erfordern. Leipzig 13 520,1 Freiburg im Breisgau 13 296,4 Eine Zusammenfassung aller registrierten Straftaten Magdeburg 12 242,5 zu einem Gesamtranking der allgemeinen Kriminali- Mannheim 11 653,7 tätsbelastung liefert dagegen nur ein eingeschränk- Essen 11 573,5 Bonn 11 473,5 tes Bild der Sicherheitslage in den einzelnen Städten. Duisburg 11 453,8 Die Vergleichszahlen für Bund, Länder und Gemein- Chemnitz 11 412,2 den werden in der Polizeilichen Kriminalstatistik als Karlsruhe 11 105,8 Stuttgart 10 850,0 sogenannte „Häufi gkeitsziffer“ berechnet. Dabei Wuppertal 10 731,1 wird die Summe aller angezeigten Straftaten – von Kiel 10 725,2 Verstößen gegen Aufenthaltsgesetze über Schwarz- Lübeck 10 671,1 fahren bis hin zu schwersten Gewaltverbrechen – ins Dresden 10 545,2 Bochum 10 513,0 Verhältnis zur Wohnbevölkerung gesetzt und daraus Krefeld 10 321,3 eine Reihenfolge der Kriminalitätsbelastung der Be- Braunschweig 10 260,3 völkerung in Bund, Ländern und Gemeinden abge- Gelsenkirchen 10 257,3 leitet.
    [Show full text]
  • JESSICA JESSICA Initiative for North Rhine-Westphalia EVALUATION
    Nd JESSICA JOINT EUROPEAN SUPPORT FOR SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT IN CITY AREAS JESSICA Initiative for North Rhine-Westphalia EVALUATION STUDY Contractor: Prof. Dr. Michael Nadler Ziegeleiweg 36; 40591 Düsseldorf Email: [email protected] kindly supported by: May 2010 This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Evaluation Study --- JESSICA iiinitiativeinitiative for North RhineRhine----WestphaliaWestphalia Page 222 This work, including all its parts, is protected under copyright law. Any unauthorised use outside the narrow limits laid down by the Urheberrechtsgesetz (Law on copyright) is unlawful and liable for prosecution. This applies in particular to reproduction, translation, microfilming and storage and processing in electronic systems. Copyright: Prof. Dr. Michael Nadler 12.07.2010 Evaluation Study --- JESSICA iiinitiativeinitiative for North RhineRhine----WestphaliaWestphalia Page 333 Table of contents Page 1 The implementation process for JESSICA in North Rhine-Westphalia ...... 12 1.1 Initial situation in Germany ............................................................12 1.2 The need for structural support in North Rhine-Westphalia ......................13 1.2.1 Market failures, bottlenecks and structural problems ................13 1.2.2 Structural support in the Operational Programme to strengthen regional competitiveness and employment in the period 2007- 2013 ..........................................................................18
    [Show full text]
  • Translation (English)
    Transcript of the Shoah Interview with Fred Baer Translation by Uta Allers - Volunteer – Visitor Services – October 2014 NY 68 Baer (Interview with a Veteran Frontline Soldier) A: My name is Fred Baer. My real name is Friedrich Fritz Baer in Germany. I was born on March 4, 1899 in Cologne on the Rhine. During World War I, I was in the Field Battalion 83, Cologne Riehl as a German soldier. There was already a lot of anti-Semitism back then. I had a sergeant who harassed me with “You Jewish pig”. Q: You Jewish pig? A: Yes. So I went to the head officer and told him what I heard… what I had been called. He said he couldn’t do anything about it. He was sorry. Then I said to him, “I want to go to the Front”. And then they sent me to the Front south of… near La… La… Q: Cambrey? A: Cambrey, yes. I was there till the war; I was discharged in 1918 with medals of honor, the Iron Cross and a wounded warrior badge, for I was wounded on my right leg, and… Q: Excuse me? A: Then I was discharged with fifty Deutschmark and a suit, a civilian suit. Then I was… Q: Excuse me, where were you born? A: In Cologne, I’m sorry. Then I went home, of course, and was hired by a department store in Gelsenkirchen as a salesman and department head. I was there about three years. Then the Nazis came into the store and got rid of a number of Jews who were working there.
    [Show full text]
  • Germany Web 2006
    The names that appear on this list were taken from Pages of Testimony submitted to Yad Vashem First name Last name Date of birth Place of residence Place of death Date of death JULIE MACHNITSKI 1930 STOLP,GERMANY THERESIENSTADT 30/06/1944 LOUIS LEWY 27/02/1873 STETTIN,GERMANY MAJDANEK 1942 RACHEL GRABISCHEWSKI 1901 BERLIN,GERMANY LODZ 25/03/1942 CHAJA LIFSCHITZ 1892 BERLIN,GERMANY BELZEC 1943 LOUIS GRUENEBAUM 13/08/1869 FRANKFURT,GERMANY TEREZIN 28/01/1943 FRANKFURT AM LUCIA COHEN 26/06/1883 MAIN,GERMANY AUSCHWITZ 17/09/1943 LUISA GANSS 18/5/1898 RATHENOW,GERMANY WARSZAWA 1942 SIEGFRIED JACOBSOHN 15/08/1884 BERLIN,GERMANY BUCHENWALD 10/07/1941 THERESE MANASSE 26/12/1872 HALLE,GERMANY THERESIENSTADT 1942 WALTER SCHENK 21/02/1921 BERNBURG,GERMANY AUSCHWITZ 23/10/1942 FRANKFURT AM RUTH JOSEPH 1902 MAIN,GERMANY LUBLIN 1942 FRANKFURT AM SOFIE STERN 17/09/1894 MAIN,GERMANY RIGA 1941 SOPHIE CAHEN 29/07/1877 KOELN,GERMANY THERESIENSTADT 1942 ROSA GELLER 26/06/1925 CHEMNITZ,GERMANY TARNOW 1942 RUTH LOEWENTHAL 17/01/1919 DUESSELDORF,GERMANY SOBIBOR 30/11/1943 SALMON OPPENHEIMER 14/01/1865 MANNHEIM,GERMANY GRASSE 14/12/1941 HELENE DARNBACHER 13/05/1867 MANNHEIM,GERMANY GURS 23/06/1941 HERMANN FERSE 15/01/1881 ESSEN,GERMANY MINSK 1941 HERTHA SCHMOLLER 18/06/1896 BERLIN,GERMANY RIGA 1944 ELLI FELDMANN 1888 DUESSELDORF,GERMANY AUSCHWITZ 1943 FINCHEN BERNSTEIN 1875 BERLIN,GERMANY THERESIENSTADT 1943 MRIAM APSTEIN 19/12/1870 BRESLAU,GERMANY TEREZIN 1943 ROSA WUERZBURG 15/01/1875 BERLIN,GERMANY THERESIENSTADT 1943 SIEGFRIED BAZNIZKI 25/01/1889 MINGOLSHEIM,GERMANY
    [Show full text]
  • Bombing the European Axis Powers a Historical Digest of the Combined Bomber Offensive 1939–1945
    Inside frontcover 6/1/06 11:19 AM Page 1 Bombing the European Axis Powers A Historical Digest of the Combined Bomber Offensive 1939–1945 Air University Press Team Chief Editor Carole Arbush Copy Editor Sherry C. Terrell Cover Art and Book Design Daniel M. Armstrong Composition and Prepress Production Mary P. Ferguson Quality Review Mary J. Moore Print Preparation Joan Hickey Distribution Diane Clark NewFrontmatter 5/31/06 1:42 PM Page i Bombing the European Axis Powers A Historical Digest of the Combined Bomber Offensive 1939–1945 RICHARD G. DAVIS Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama April 2006 NewFrontmatter 5/31/06 1:42 PM Page ii Air University Library Cataloging Data Davis, Richard G. Bombing the European Axis powers : a historical digest of the combined bomber offensive, 1939-1945 / Richard G. Davis. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58566-148-1 1. World War, 1939-1945––Aerial operations. 2. World War, 1939-1945––Aerial operations––Statistics. 3. United States. Army Air Forces––History––World War, 1939- 1945. 4. Great Britain. Royal Air Force––History––World War, 1939-1945. 5. Bombing, Aerial––Europe––History. I. Title. 940.544––dc22 Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Book and CD-ROM cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. Air University Press 131 West Shumacher Avenue Maxwell AFB AL 36112-6615 http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil ii NewFrontmatter 5/31/06 1:42 PM Page iii Contents Page DISCLAIMER .
    [Show full text]
  • Broschüre an Typischen Problemlagen in Mischfunktionalen Quartieren Vorgestellten Projekt MIQUA Gelegt
    MIQUA Mikrofinanzierung als Instrument zur Stärkung benachteiligter Quartiere Erst der Mensch, dann die Zahlen. KIZ Dieses Vorhaben wird im Rahmen des ESF-Bundesprogramms BIWAQ aus dem Europäischen Sozialfonds der Europäischen Union und aus Mitteln des Bundesministe- riums für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung gefördert. Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort Seite 3 Lokale Ökonomie – ein relevantes Handlungsfeld der Quartiersentwicklung Seite 4 MIQUA: Mikrofinanzierung als Instrument zur Stärkung benachteiligter Quartiere Seite 7 Mikrokredit - kleiner Bankkredit: Was ist der Unterschied? Seite 9 Mikrofinanzbeispiele aus den Quartieren Duisburg: Neue Effekte bei Tulpe Heimtextilien Seite 11 Offenbach: Maßarbeit bei Sayed Khalil Hosseini Seite 12 Leipzig: Waldemar Tronin erzählt Geschichten von Liebe und Freundschaft Seite 13 Quartiersbezogene Mikrofinanzierung der Praxis Seite 14 Erfolgsfaktoren einer quartiersbezogenen Mikrofinanzierung Seite 16 Eine Einladung zum Schluss Seite 21 Die aktuellen Partner des MIQUA-Netzwerkes Seite 22 Impressum Seite 23 Vorwort Die Entwicklung von Mikrofinanzierungsinstrumenten ist eine der wichtigen sozialen Innovation der letzten zehn Jahre in Deutsch- land. Mikrokredite helfen Gründern und kleinen Unternehmen, die nicht oder noch nicht „bankfähig“ sind, aber dennoch wirtschaft- liches Potential haben. Für Menschen, die ohne viel Eigenkapital eine eigene Existenz aufbauen, ist das oft die einzige Möglichkeit, Wachstumsmöglichkeiten für ihr Geschäft zu erschließen. Für die lokale und regionale Wirtschaft ist die Förderung
    [Show full text]
  • Battle for the Ruhr: the German Army's Final Defeat in the West" (2006)
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2006 Battle for the Ruhr: The rGe man Army's Final Defeat in the West Derek Stephen Zumbro Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Zumbro, Derek Stephen, "Battle for the Ruhr: The German Army's Final Defeat in the West" (2006). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2507. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2507 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. BATTLE FOR THE RUHR: THE GERMAN ARMY’S FINAL DEFEAT IN THE WEST A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by Derek S. Zumbro B.A., University of Southern Mississippi, 1980 M.S., University of Southern Mississippi, 2001 August 2006 Table of Contents ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................iv INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release: Fraunhofer ISE Laboratory and Service Center, LSC Gelsenkirchen, Celebrates Its 10Th Birthday
    Freiburg November 5, 2010 Press Release No. 24/10 Page 1 Fraunhofer ISE Laboratory and Service Center, LSC Gelsenkirchen, celebrates its 10th birthday Industry-driven solar cell research in North Rhine Westphalia October 2000 saw the launch of the Fraunhofer ISE Laboratory and Service Center LSC in Gelsenkirchen, supported by the state government of North Rhine Westphalia. The objective of the venture was to create model conditions for interaction between applied research, industry and users. On November 5, 2010, ten successful years later, the facility celebrated its 10th anniversary with an event graced by many distinguished figures, including Dr. Heinz Baues from the Ministry for Climate Protection, Environment, Agriculture, Nature Conservation and Consumer Protection in the State of North Rhine Westphalia, Fraunhofer Senior Vice President Prof. Ulrich Buller and Mayor Frank Baranowski. The Fraunhofer ISE Laboratory and Service Center was established in close collaboration with industry in order to enable research findings to directly benefit production work. “We not only have ultramodern equipment,” states Dr. Dietmar Borchert, head of the LSC in Gelsenkirchen, “but Fraunhofer Institute for are also able to draw on expertise acquired over almost thirty Solar Energy Systems ISE years at Europe’s largest solar research institute, Fraunhofer Heidenhofstr. 2 ISE in Freiburg.” Work at the LSC focuses on research under 79110 Freiburg Germany industrial conditions and the direct application of laboratory Press and Public Relations results to production. Karin Schneider Phone +49 761 4588-5150 Fax +49 761 4588-9342 During the center’s early years, activities centered on [email protected] technological support and development for Shell Solar, which at the time was Europe’s most high-tech solar cell www.ise.fraunhofer.de producer, as well as materials testing for Bayer Solar.
    [Show full text]