DOCSLIB.ORG

Sinhala Range: 0D80–0DFF

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sinhala Range: 0D80–0DFF Sinhala Range: 0D80–0DFF This file contains an excerpt from the character code tables and list of character names for The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 This file may be changed at any time without notice to reflect errata or other updates to the Unicode Standard. See https://www.unicode.org/errata/ for an up-to-date list of errata. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/ for access to a complete list of the latest character code charts. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-14.0/ for charts showing only the characters added in Unicode 14.0. See https://www.unicode.org/Public/14.0.0/charts/ for a complete archived file of character code charts for Unicode 14.0. Disclaimer These charts are provided as the online reference to the character contents of the Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 but do not provide all the information needed to fully support individual scripts using the Unicode Standard. For a complete understanding of the use of the characters contained in this file, please consult the appropriate sections of The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0, online at https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/, as well as Unicode Standard Annexes #9, #11, #14, #15, #24, #29, #31, #34, #38, #41, #42, #44, #45, and #50, the other Unicode Technical Reports and Standards, and the Unicode Character Database, which are available online. See https://www.unicode.org/ucd/ and https://www.unicode.org/reports/ A thorough understanding of the information contained in these additional sources is required for a successful implementation. Copying characters from the character code tables or list of character names is not recommended, because for production reasons the PDF files for the code charts cannot guarantee that the correct character codes will always be copied. Fonts The shapes of the reference glyphs used in these code charts are not prescriptive. Considerable variation is to be expected in actual fonts. The particular fonts used in these charts were provided to the Unicode Consortium by a number of different font designers, who own the rights to the fonts. See https://www.unicode.org/charts/fonts.html for a list. Terms of Use You may freely use these code charts for personal or internal business uses only. You may not incorporate them either wholly or in part into any product or publication, or otherwise distribute them without express written permission from the Unicode Consortium. However, you may provide links to these charts. The fonts and font data used in production of these code charts may NOT be extracted, or used in any other way in any product or publication, without permission or license granted by the typeface owner(s). The Unicode Consortium is not liable for errors or omissions in this file or the standard itself. Information on characters added to the Unicode Standard since the publication of the most recent version of the Unicode Standard, as well as on characters currently being considered for addition to the Unicode Standard can be found on the Unicode web site. See https://www.unicode.org/pending/pending.html and https://www.unicode.org/alloc/Pipeline.html. Copyright © 1991-2021 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 0D80 Sinhala 0DFF 0D8 0D9 0DA 0DB 0DC 0DD 0DE 0DF 0 ඐ ච ධ ව $ැ 0D90 0DA0 0DB0 0DC0 0DD0 1 $ઁ එ ඡ න ශ $ෑ 0D81 0D91 0DA1 0DB1 0DC1 0DD1 2 $ං ඒ ජ ෂ $ි $ෳ 0D82 0D92 0DA2 0DC2 0DD2 0DF2 3 $ඃ ඓ ඣ ඳ ස $ී $ෲ 0D83 0D93 0DA3 0DB3 0DC3 0DD3 0DF3 4 ඔ ඤ ප හ $ු ෴ 0D94 0DA4 0DB4 0DC4 0DD4 0DF4 5 අ ඕ ඥ ඵ ළ 0D85 0D95 0DA5 0DB5 0DC5 6 ආ ඖ ඦ බ ෆ ූ$ ෦ 0D86 0D96 0DA6 0DB6 0DC6 0DD6 0DE6 7 ඇ ට භ ෧ 0D87 0DA7 0DB7 0DE7 8 ඈ ඨ ම $ෘ ෨ 0D88 0DA8 0DB8 0DD8 0DE8 9 ඉ ඩ ඹ ෙ$ ෩ 0D89 0DA9 0DB9 0DD9 0DE9 A ඊ ක ඪ ය $් ේ$ ෪ 0D8A 0D9A 0DAA 0DBA 0DCA 0DDA 0DEA B උ ඛ ණ ර ෛ$ ෫ 0D8B 0D9B 0DAB 0DBB 0DDB 0DEB C ඌ ග ඬ ො$ ෬ 0D8C 0D9C 0DAC 0DDC 0DEC D ඍ ඝ ත ල ෝ$ ෭ 0D8D 0D9D 0DAD 0DBD 0DDD 0DED E ඎ ඞ ථ ෞ$ ෮ 0D8E 0D9E 0DAE 0DDE 0DEE F ඏ ඟ ද $ා $ෟ ෯ 0D8F 0D9F 0DAF 0DCF 0DDF 0DEF The Unicode Standard 14.0, Copyright © 1991-2021 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 0D81 Sinhala 0DC2 Various signs 0DA3 ඣ SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA JAYANNA 0D81 $ઁ SINHALA SIGN CANDRABINDU = sinhala letter jha SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA NAASIKYAYA • used in Sanskrit 0DA4 ඤ 0D82 $ං SINHALA SIGN ANUSVARAYA = sinhala letter nya 0DA5 ඥ SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA SANYOOGA = anusvara NAAKSIKYAYA 0D83 $ඃ SINHALA SIGN VISARGAYA = visarga = sinhala letter jnya 0DA6 ඦ SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA JAYANNA Independent vowels = sinhala letter nyja 0D85 අ SINHALA LETTER AYANNA 0DA7 ට SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA TTAYANNA = sinhala letter a = sinhala letter tta 0D86 ආ SINHALA LETTER AAYANNA 0DA8 ඨ SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA TTAYANNA = sinhala letter aa = sinhala letter ttha 0D87 ඇ SINHALA LETTER AEYANNA 0DA9 ඩ SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA DDAYANNA = sinhala letter ae = sinhala letter dda 0D88 ඈ SINHALA LETTER AEEYANNA 0DAA ඪ SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA DDAYANNA = sinhala letter aae = sinhala letter ddha 0D89 ඉ SINHALA LETTER IYANNA 0DAB ණ SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA NAYANNA = sinhala letter i = sinhala letter nna 0D8A ඊ SINHALA LETTER IIYANNA 0DAC ඬ SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA DDAYANNA = sinhala letter ii = sinhala letter nndda 0D8B උ SINHALA LETTER UYANNA 0DAD ත SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA TAYANNA = sinhala letter u = sinhala letter ta 0D8C ඌ SINHALA LETTER UUYANNA 0DAE ථ SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA TAYANNA = sinhala letter uu = sinhala letter tha 0D8D ඍ SINHALA LETTER IRUYANNA 0DAF ද SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA DAYANNA = sinhala letter vocalic r = sinhala letter da 0D8E ඎ SINHALA LETTER IRUUYANNA 0DB0 ධ SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA DAYANNA = sinhala letter vocalic rr = sinhala letter dha 0D8F ඏ SINHALA LETTER ILUYANNA 0DB1 න SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA NAYANNA = sinhala letter vocalic l = sinhala letter na 0D90 ඐ SINHALA LETTER ILUUYANNA 0DB2 " <reserved> = sinhala letter vocalic ll 0DB3 ඳ SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA DAYANNA 0D91 එ SINHALA LETTER EYANNA = sinhala letter nda = sinhala letter e 0DB4 ප SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA PAYANNA 0D92 ඒ SINHALA LETTER EEYANNA = sinhala letter pa = sinhala letter ee 0DB5 ඵ SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA PAYANNA 0D93 ඓ SINHALA LETTER AIYANNA = sinhala letter pha = sinhala letter ai 0DB6 බ SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA BAYANNA 0D94 ඔ SINHALA LETTER OYANNA = sinhala letter ba = sinhala letter o 0DB7 භ SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA BAYANNA 0D95 ඕ SINHALA LETTER OOYANNA = sinhala letter bha = sinhala letter oo 0DB8 ම SINHALA LETTER MAYANNA 0D96 ඖ SINHALA LETTER AUYANNA = sinhala letter ma = sinhala letter au 0DB9 ඹ SINHALA LETTER AMBA BAYANNA Consonants = sinhala letter mba 0DBA SINHALA LETTER YAYANNA 0D9A SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA KAYANNA ය ක = sinhala letter ya = sinhala letter ka 0DBB SINHALA LETTER RAYANNA 0D9B SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA KAYANNA ර ඛ = sinhala letter ra = sinhala letter kha <reserved> SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA GAYANNA 0DBC " 0D9C ග SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA LAYANNA = sinhala letter ga 0DBD ල = sinhala letter la 0D9D ඝ SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA GAYANNA = sinhala letter gha • dental <reserved> 0D9E SINHALA LETTER KANTAJA NAASIKYAYA 0DBE " ඞ <reserved> = sinhala letter nga 0DBF " SINHALA LETTER VAYANNA 0D9F ඟ SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA GAYANNA 0DC0 ව = sinhala letter nnga = sinhala letter va SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA SAYANNA 0DA0 ච SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA CAYANNA 0DC1 ශ = sinhala letter ca = sinhala letter sha SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA SAYANNA 0DA1 ඡ SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA CAYANNA 0DC2 ෂ = sinhala letter cha = sinhala letter ssa 0DA2 ජ SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA JAYANNA • retroflex = sinhala letter ja The Unicode Standard 14.0, Copyright © 1991-2021 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. 0DC3 Sinhala 0DF4 0DC3 ස SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA SAYANNA Astrological digits = sinhala letter sa These digits, also known as Sinhala Lith Illakkam, have been • dental used primarily for writing horoscopes. This number system 0DC4 හ SINHALA LETTER HAYANNA has a zero place holder concept, unlike the Sinhala archaic = sinhala letter ha numbers, Sinhala Illakkam, encoded in the range 111E1- 0DC5 ළ SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA LAYANNA 111F4. = sinhala letter lla 0DE6 ෦ SINHALA LITH DIGIT ZERO retroflex • 0DE7 ෧ SINHALA LITH DIGIT ONE 0DC6 SINHALA LETTER FAYANNA ෆ 0DE8 SINHALA LITH DIGIT TWO = sinhala letter fa ෨ 0DE9 ෩ SINHALA LITH DIGIT THREE Sign 0DEA ෪ SINHALA LITH DIGIT FOUR 0DCA $් SINHALA SIGN AL-LAKUNA 0DEB ෫ SINHALA LITH DIGIT FIVE = virama 0DEC ෬ SINHALA LITH DIGIT SIX Dependent vowel signs 0DED ෭ SINHALA LITH DIGIT SEVEN SINHALA LITH DIGIT EIGHT 0DCF $ා SINHALA VOWEL SIGN AELA-PILLA 0DEE ෮ = sinhala vowel sign aa 0DEF ෯ SINHALA LITH DIGIT NINE 0DD0 $ැ SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI AEDA-PILLA Additional dependent vowel signs = sinhala vowel sign ae SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA GAETTA-PILLA SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA AEDA-PILLA 0DF2 $ෳ 0DD1 $ෑ = sinhala vowel sign vocalic rr = sinhala vowel sign aae SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA GAYANUKITTA SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI IS-PILLA 0DF3 $ෲ 0DD2 $ි = sinhala vowel sign vocalic ll = sinhala vowel sign i 0DD3 $ී SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA IS-PILLA Punctuation = sinhala vowel sign ii 0DF4 ෴ SINHALA PUNCTUATION KUNDDALIYA 0DD4 $ු SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI PAA-PILLA → 11FFF tamil punctuation end of text = sinhala vowel sign u 0DD5 " <reserved> 0DD6 ූ$ SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA PAA-PILLA = sinhala vowel sign uu 0DD7 " <reserved> 0DD8 $ෘ SINHALA VOWEL SIGN GAETTA-PILLA = sinhala vowel sign vocalic r 0DD9 ෙ$ SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA = sinhala vowel sign e 0DDA ේ$ SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA KOMBUVA = sinhala vowel sign ee ≡ 0DD9 ෙ$ 0DCA $් 0DDBෛ$ SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBU DEKA = sinhala vowel sign ai Two-part dependent vowel signs These vowel signs have glyph pieces which stand on both sides of the consonant; they follow the consonant in logical order, and should be handled as a unit for most processing.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ka И @И Ka M Л @Л Ga Н @Н Ga M М @М Nga О @О Ca П
    ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3319R L2/07-295R 2007-09-11 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation Международная организация по стандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Proposal for encoding the Javanese script in the UCS Source: Michael Everson, SEI (Universal Scripts Project) Status: Individual Contribution Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Replaces: N3292 Date: 2007-09-11 1. Introduction. The Javanese script, or aksara Jawa, is used for writing the Javanese language, the native language of one of the peoples of Java, known locally as basa Jawa. It is a descendent of the ancient Brahmi script of India, and so has many similarities with modern scripts of South Asia and Southeast Asia which are also members of that family. The Javanese script is also used for writing Sanskrit, Jawa Kuna (a kind of Sanskritized Javanese), and Kawi, as well as the Sundanese language, also spoken on the island of Java, and the Sasak language, spoken on the island of Lombok. Javanese script was in current use in Java until about 1945; in 1928 Bahasa Indonesia was made the national language of Indonesia and its influence eclipsed that of other languages and their scripts. Traditional Javanese texts are written on palm leaves; books of these bound together are called lontar, a word which derives from ron ‘leaf’ and tal ‘palm’. 2.1. Consonant letters. Consonants have an inherent -a vowel sound. Consonants combine with following consonants in the usual Brahmic fashion: the inherent vowel is “killed” by the PANGKON, and the follow- ing consonant is subjoined or postfixed, often with a change in shape: §£ ndha = § NA + @¿ PANGKON + £ DA-MAHAPRANA; üù n.
    [Show full text]
  • Design of Javanese Text to Speech Application
    Design of Javanese Text to Speech Application Yulia, Liliana, Rudy Adipranata, Gregorius Satia Budhi Informatics Department, Industrial Technology Faculty, Petra Christian University Surabaya, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract—Javanese is one of the many regional languages used in Indonesia. Javanese language is used by most of the population in Java. But now along with the development of the era, the use of regional languages including Javanese language is to be re- duced especially among the younger generation. One way to help conserve the use of Javanese language is to utilize information technologies, one of them is by developing a text to speech appli- cation that can be used to find out how the pronunciation of Ja- vanese language. In this paper, we discussed the design for Java- nese text to speech applications uses finite state automata. The design result will be used as rules to separate syllables when im- plementing text to speech application. Index Terms—Javanese language; Finite state automata; Text to speech. Figure 1: Basic Javanese characters I. INTRODUCTION In addition to the basic characters, the Javanese character Javanese language is a language widely spoken by the peo- has supplementary characters, consist of symbols for express- ple of Java. It is one of the regional languages of many region- ing vowels as well as a combination of two specific conso- al languages spoken in Indonesia. As one of the assets of na- nants. This supplementary characters is called sandhangan tional culture, Javanese language needs to be preserved. The and can be seen in Figure 2 [5]. younger generation is now more interested in learning a for- Symbol Example Read eign language, rather than the native Indonesian local lan- guage.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Indic Scripts
    An Introduction to Indic Scripts Richard Ishida W3C [email protected] HTML version: http://www.w3.org/2002/Talks/09-ri-indic/indic-paper.html PDF version: http://www.w3.org/2002/Talks/09-ri-indic/indic-paper.pdf Introduction This paper provides an introduction to the major Indic scripts used on the Indian mainland. Those addressed in this paper include specifically Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Tamil, and Telugu. I have used XHTML encoded in UTF-8 for the base version of this paper. Most of the XHTML file can be viewed if you are running Windows XP with all associated Indic font and rendering support, and the Arial Unicode MS font. For examples that require complex rendering in scripts not yet supported by this configuration, such as Bengali, Oriya, and Malayalam, I have used non- Unicode fonts supplied with Gamma's Unitype. To view all fonts as intended without the above you can view the PDF file whose URL is given above. Although the Indic scripts are often described as similar, there is a large amount of variation at the detailed implementation level. To provide a detailed account of how each Indic script implements particular features on a letter by letter basis would require too much time and space for the task at hand. Nevertheless, despite the detail variations, the basic mechanisms are to a large extent the same, and at the general level there is a great deal of similarity between these scripts. It is certainly possible to structure a discussion of the relevant features along the same lines for each of the scripts in the set.
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19 (Dati Nga 2019 Novel Coronavirus, Wenno 2019-Ncov) Dagiti Kanayon a Masalsaludsod
    COVID-19 (dati nga 2019 Novel Coronavirus, wenno 2019-nCoV) Dagiti Kanayon a Masalsaludsod Napabaro idi Pebrero 28, 2020 Dagiti Acronym ken abbreviation a nausar iti daytoy a dokumento: 2019-nCoV: 2019 Novel Coronavirus CDC: US Centers for Disease Control & Prevention COVID-19: Coronavirus Disease 2019 HDOH: State of Hawaii Department of Health MERS: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS-CoV-2: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 WHO: World Health Organization HNL: Daniel K. Inouye International Airport HENERAL A PAKAAMMO Ania ti COVID-19? COVID-19 (dati nga maaw-awagan ti “2019 Novel Coronavirus,” pinabassitda kas “2019-nCoV”) ket maysa a baro a sakit ti respiratory virus nga immuna a naduktalan idiay central Chinese city ti Wuhan, probinsya ti Hubei. Daytoy ket nagwaras idiay dadduma pay a syudad ti China ken kasdiay met iti nasurok a 27 nga pagilian, kadwa ditoyen ti Estados Unidos. Idi Enero 30, 2020, indeklara ti WHO ti Emergency of International Concern. Itatta awan met ti kumpirmado a kaso ti 2019-nCoV ditoy Hawaii. Ania ti usto a nagan daytoy rimsua ken nagwaras a sakit ken ti virus a nangparnuay iti daytoy? 2019-nCov ti nagan na, saan kadi? Dagiti eksperto ti virus iti sangalubongan ket opisyaldan a pinanaganan ti virus a nangparnuay ti ti outbreak ti “SARS-CoV-2.” Daytoy ket napabassit a “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.” Kalpasan nga inadal dagiti siyentista ti baro nga coronavirus, naammoanda nga daytoy ket halos agpadada iti virus a nangpataud ti SARS epidemic idi 2002 ken 2003. Ti virus a nangpataud ti SARS ket naawagan kas SARS-CoV, isu nga daytoy baro a coronavirus ket maaw- awagan nga SARS-CoV-2.
    [Show full text]
  • Balinese Romanization Table
    Balinese Principal consonants1 (h)a2 ᬳ ᭄ᬳ na ᬦ ᭄ᬦ ca ᬘ ᭄ᬘ᭄ᬘ ra ᬭ ᭄ᬭ ka ᬓ ᭄ᬓ da ᬤ ᭄ᬤ ta ᬢ ᭄ᬢ sa ᬲ ᭄ᬲ wa ᬯ la ᬮ ᭄ᬙ pa ᬧ ᭄ᬧ ḍa ᬟ ᭄ᬠ dha ᬥ ᭄ᬟ ja ᬚ ᭄ᬚ ya ᬬ ᭄ᬬ ña ᬜ ᭄ᬜ ma ᬫ ᭄ᬫ ga ᬕ ᭄ᬕ ba ᬩ ᭄ᬩ ṭa ᬝ ᭄ᬝ nga ᬗ ᭄ᬗ Other consonant forms3 na (ṇa) ᬡ ᭄ᬡ ca (cha) ᭄ᬙ᭄ᬙ ta (tha) ᬣ ᭄ᬣ sa (śa) ᬱ ᭄ᬱ sa (ṣa) ᬰ ᭄ᬰ pa (pha) ᬨ ᭄ᬛ ga (gha) ᬖ ᭄ᬖ ba (bha) ᬪ ᭄ᬪ ‘a ᬗ᬴ ha ᬳ᬴ kha ᬓ᬴ fa ᬧ᬴ za ᬚ᬴ gha ᬕ᬴ Vowels and other agglutinating signs4 5 a ᬅ 6 ā ᬵ ᬆ e ᬾ ᬏ ai ᬿ ᬐ ĕ ᭂ ö ᭃ i ᬶ ᬇ ī ᬷ ᬈ o ᭀ ᬑ au ᭁ ᬒ u7 ᬸ ᬉ ū ᬹ ᬊ ya, ia8 ᭄ᬬ r9 ᬃ ra ᭄ᬭ rĕ ᬋ rö ᬌ ᬻ lĕ ᬍ ᬼ lö ᬎ ᬽ h ᬄ ng ᬂ ng ᬁ Numerals 1 2 3 4 5 ᭑ ᭒ ᭓ ᭔ ᭕ 6 7 8 9 0 ᭖ ᭗ ᭘ ᭙ ᭐ 1 Each consonant has two forms, the regular and the appended, shown on the left and right respectively in the romanization table. The vowel a is implicit after all consonants and consonant clusters and should be supplied in transliteration, unless: (a) another vowel is indicated by the appropriate sign; or (b) the absence of any vowel is indicated by the use of an adeg-adeg sign ( ). (Also known as the tengenen sign; ᭄ paten in Javanese.) 2 This character often serves as a neutral seat for a vowel, in which case the h is not transcribed.
    [Show full text]
  • A Barrier to Indic-Language Implementation of Unicode Is the Perception That Encoding Order in Unicode Is Equivalent to Lingui
    Issues in Indic Language Collation Issues in Indic Language Collation Cathy Wissink Program Manager, Windows Globalization Microsoft Corporation I. Introduction As the software market for India1 grows, so does the interest in developing products for this market, and Unicode is part of many vendors’ solutions. However, many software vendors see a barrier to implementing Unicode on products for the Indic-language market. This barrier is the perception that deficiencies in Unicode will keep software developers from creating products that are culturally and linguistically appropriate for the Indian market. This perception manifests itself in a number of ways, but one major concern that the Indic language community has voiced is the fact that the Unicode character encoding order is not appropriate for linguistic collation (or sorting). This belief that character encoding order in Unicode must be equivalent to linguistic collation of these same scripts and their respective languages is considered by some developers a blocking point to adoption of Unicode in the Indian market, and is indicative of the greater concern within the Indic-language community about the feasibility of Unicode for their scripts. This paper will demonstrate that this perceived barrier to Unicode adoption does not exist and that it is possible to provide properly globalized software for the Indic market with the current implementation of Unicode, using the example of Indic language collation. A brief history of Indic encodings will be given to set the stage for the current mentality regarding Unicode in the Indian market. The basics of linguistic collation and its application to Indic scripts will then be discussed, compared to encoding, and demonstrated as it exists on Windows XP.
    [Show full text]
  • Q) a Cup of Javanese (1/5
    (Q) A Cup of Javanese (1/5) Javanese script is read from left to right, and each consonant has an inherent vowel ‘a’. Here are the conso- nants when they are C1 in C1(C2)V(C3) and C2 in C1C2V(C3). Latin Script C1 C2 (suppresses the vowel of C1) Øa (ha)* -** na - ra re*** ka - ta sa la - pa - nya - ma - ga - (Q) A Cup of Javanese (2/5) Javanese script is read from left to right, and each consonant has an inherent vowel ‘a’. Here are the conso- nants when they are C1 in C1(C2)V(C3) and C2 in C1C2V(C3). Latin Script C1 C2 (suppresses the vowel of C1) ba nga - *The consonant is either ‘Ø’ (no consonant) or ‘h,’ but the problem contains only the former. **The ‘-’ means that the form exists, but not in this problem. ***The CV combination ‘re’ (historical remnant of /ɽ/) has its own special letters. ‘ng,’ ‘h,’ and ‘r’ must be C3 in (C1)(C2)VC3 before another C or at the end of a word. All other consonants after V must be C1 of the next syllable. If these consonants end a word, a ‘vowel suppressor’ must be added to suppress the inherent ‘a.’ Latin Script C3 -ng -h -r -C (vowel suppressor) Consonants can be modified to change the inherent vowel ‘a’ in C1(C2)V(C3). Latin Script V* e** (Q) A Cup of Javanese (3/5) Latin Script V* i é u o * If C2 is on the right side of C1, then ‘e,’ ‘i,’ and ‘u’ modify C2.
    [Show full text]
  • Giya Nga Mga Prinsipyo Mahitungod Sa Internal Nga Pagbakwit
    GIYA NGA MGA PRINSIPYO MAHITUNGOD SA INTERNAL NGA PAGBAKWIT Pasiunang Pulong Among gihubad sa Cebuano ang dokumentong _Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement,_ nga unang giila sa Tinipong Kanasuran niadtong 1998, tungod kay usa kini ka mahinungdanong lakang sa pagpanalipod ug pag-amping sa katungod sa internal nga mga bakwit sa tibuok kalibutan. Ang katungod nga mapanalipdan batok sa pinugos o tinuyo nga pagpabakwit, sa pagdawat sa makitawhanong hinabang, nga mapanalipdan sa panahon sa pagbakwit ug luwas nga makabalik sa pinuy-anan o makabalhin maoy mga mahinungdanong tawhanong katungod nga angay tahuron aron mapatigbabaw ug mapalambo ang dignidad sa mga bakwit. Sa Pilipinas, ang pagpabakwit ug mga pag-antus nga bunga niini, ingon man ang mga paglapas, kawalay pagpakabana o paghikaw sa mga batakang tawhanong katungod-- sibil, pulitikanhon, ekonomikanhon, sosyal o kultural_sa mga biktima maoy mga rason ngano nga kinahanglang hatagan kini sa dihadihang pagtagad. Kining maong paghubad usa ka hiniusang paningkamot sa Ecumenical Commission for Displaced Families and Communities (ECDFC), sa United Nations Information Center (UNIC) ug sa United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) sa tumong nga maabot ang tanan nga, sa bisan unsang paagi, nalambigit sa mga insidente sa internal nga pagpabakwit (sama sa mga pangulo sa kagamhanan, magbabalaod, mga grupo nga misalmot sa mga armadong panagsangka ug pagsulod sa kayutaan, ug non- government organizations). Hinaut nga kitang tanan makat-on o makapahimulos niining maong dokumento. Isip tubag sa awhag sa UN Commission on Human Rights sa pagpalambo sa usa ka haom nga gambalay sa pagpanalipod ug pagtabang sa mga bakwit sulod sa usa ka nasod, ang Representante sa Kalihim-Heneral sa mga Internal nga mga Bakwit nagmugna niining Giya nga mga Prinsipyo Mahitungod sa Internal nga Pagpabakwit tinambayayongan sa mga batid sa balaod sa kalibutan ug sa pagtambag sa mga ahensya sa Tinipong Kanasuran ug uban pang organisasyon, internasyonal ug rehiyonal, panggobyerno o di-panggobyerno.
    [Show full text]
  • Internationalized Domain Names-Sanskrit
    Policy Document For INTERNATIONALIZED DOMAIN NAMES Language: SANSKRIT 1. AUGMENTED BACKUS-NAUR FORMALISM (ABNF) .......................................... 3 1.1 Declaration of variables ............................................................................................ 3 1.2 ABNF Operators ....................................................................................................... 3 1.3 The Vowel Sequence ................................................................................................. 3 1.4 Consonant Sequence ................................................................................................. 4 1.5 ABNF Applied to the SANSKRIT IDN .................................................................... 5 2. RESTRICTION RULES ................................................................................................. 6 3. EXAMPLES ................................................................................................................... 8 4. LANGUAGE TABLE: SANSKRIT ............................................................................... 9 5. NOMENCLATURAL DESCRIPTION TABLE OF SANSKRIT LANGUAGE TABLE ............................................................................................................................................11 6. VARIANT TABLE ........................................................................................................ 14 7. EXPERTISE/BODIES CONSULTED .......................................................................... 15 8.
    [Show full text]
  • The Unicode Standard, Version 3.0, Issued by the Unicode Consor- Tium and Published by Addison-Wesley
    The Unicode Standard Version 3.0 The Unicode Consortium ADDISON–WESLEY An Imprint of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Reading, Massachusetts · Harlow, England · Menlo Park, California Berkeley, California · Don Mills, Ontario · Sydney Bonn · Amsterdam · Tokyo · Mexico City Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Addison-Wesley was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial capital letters. However, not all words in initial capital letters are trademark designations. The authors and publisher have taken care in preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode®, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. If these files have been purchased on computer-readable media, the sole remedy for any claim will be exchange of defective media within ninety days of receipt. Dai Kan-Wa Jiten used as the source of reference Kanji codes was written by Tetsuji Morohashi and published by Taishukan Shoten. ISBN 0-201-61633-5 Copyright © 1991-2000 by Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or other- wise, without the prior written permission of the publisher or Unicode, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Tanan Ini Ginhimo Ko Para Sa Imo Nagkari Ako
    TANAN INI GINHIMO KO PARA SA IMO NAGKARI AKO... bangud sa “imo” sala. “Kay nasulat na, wala sing matarung..., wala bisan isa.” (Taga Roma 3:10) “Sanglit ang tanan nagpakasala kag nawad-an sang himaya sang Dios;” (Taga Roma 3:23) “Matu-od ang pinamolong kag takus sang bug-os nga pagbaton, nga si Kristo Jesus nag-abot sa kalibutan sa pagluwas sang mga makasasala;” (1 Timoteo 1:15a) NAPATAY AKO... sa pagbayad sang “imo” sala. “Apang sia ginpilas tungud sang aton mga paglalis, ginhanog sia tungud sa aton mga kalautan: ang silot sang aton paghidait yara sa iya, kag sa iya mga labud ginaayo kita.” (Isaias 53:5) “Apang ang Dios nagpakilala sang iya kaugalingon nga gugma sa aton nga sang makasasala pa kita si Kristo napatay tungod sa aton. Busa sanglit karon ginpakama- tarung kita paagi sa iya dugo, labi pa nga maluwas kita sa kasingkal sang Dios paagi sa iya. (Mga Taga Roma 5:8-9) ”Nga sa iya gintubos kita paagi sa kapatawaran sang aton mga sala:” (Colosas 1:14) GINBANHAW AKO... sa pagluwas sa “imo” sa walay katubtuban. “Gani sarang sia sa tanan nga tion sa pagluwas sa ila nga nagapalapit sa Dios paagi sa iya, sanglit nagakabuhi sila gihapon sa pagpatunga nga nagatabang sa ila.” (Hebreo 7:25) “Ang mga karnero nagapamati sang akon tingug kag nakilala ko sia kag nagasunod sila sa akon, kag nagahatag ako sa ila sing kabuhi nga walay katapusan, kag indi na gid sila mawala, kag walay isa nga makaa- gaw sa ila sa akon kamut.” (Juan 10:27-28) “Kag ang panaksi amo ini, nga ang Dios naghatag sa aton sing kabuhi nga walay katapusan, kag ining kabuhi yara sa iya anak.” (1 Juan 5:11) DAPAT IKAW MAGHINULSOL..
    [Show full text]
  • Augmented Javanese Speech Levels Machine Translation 45
    Augmented Javanese Speech Levels Machine Translation 45 Augmented Javanese Speech Levels Machine Translation Aji P. Wibawa1, Andrew Nafalski2, and Wayan F. Mahmudy3, Non-members ABSTRACT language [1, 7, 8]. Furthermore, the selection of incor- rect vocabularies [4] indicates that they lack mastery This paper presents the development of the hy- of speech levels and do not know how to use them brid corpus-based machine translation for Javanese appropriately in verbal communication. In fact, the language. The system is designed to deal with the acquisition of speech levels among teenagers can be complexity of politeness expression and speech levels classified as very poor: 36.45 out of 100. This finding of Javanese that is considered as a local language with was revealed in a research on the use of speech levels the biggest number of users in Indonesia. Statistical by youngsters in Solo [8] and the result was based on features are embedded to increase the performance written vocabulary translation tests. of the system. The edit shifting distance is applied Realizing that they cannot handle this polite form, due to increase the alignment efficiency. However, im- younger speakers usually switch into Indonesian lan- proper alignment contributed by recorded impossible guage(bahasa Indonesia), which they can handle more pair and insufficient data training is still detected. easily and they believe to be more reliable to use in This paper proposes a new improvement of the de- the global era [7-9]. If this continues, the krama form- veloped alignment algorithm based on the impossible a unique characteristic Javanese-is in the danger of pair restriction.
    [Show full text]