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CABE @ Tees Valley Sustainable Building and Future Proofing

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CABE @ Tees Valley Sustainable Building and Future Proofing CABE @ Tees Valley Cavendish House, Teesdale Business Park, Stockton on Tees TS17 6QY Sustainable Building and Future Proofing Workshop briefing Note1 The aim of this note is to provide … • Introduce relevant statutory national and regional policies and strategies impacting on sustainable building; • An introduction to a range of sustainable construction standards with signposts for additional reading / research; • Indicate the different relative levels of environmental performance / sustainability; • Show the areas of overlap between different means of rating development; • Suggest where the individual rating systems / standards have a significant impact on the integrated design process; Introduction There is a level of professional confusion over what is meant by sustainable / green design and the range of seemingly objective design measures and standards. Some are focused on strategic aspects of design, dealing with planning policy, neighbourhood development and mixed communities. Other standards have a thematic emphasis on resilience and flexibility, operating at the scale of the individual buildings or group of buildings. The simple number of standards and composite standards being produced by different organisations is indicative of the dynamic nature of sustainability. Many of the more ‘aspiration’ standards are published as working drafts and often in direct response to the perceived low benchmarks being set as statutory requirements and / or the speed of response within the development and construction industries to address the challenge of climate change and sustainable development. In addition, many of the ‘standards’ which have been adopted by public sector organisations are effectively ‘franchises’ from different agencies, networks, charities and private companies. In short, there are competing standards and definitions for ‘long life, loose fit and low energy design’. This paper is a brief overview of a range of statutory and voluntary standards and assessments that have specific relevance2 to the construction industry within the north-east and the Tees Valley. They are presented in a broad ‘aspiration’ order identifying relevant policy / statutory standards and leading to other notionally higher [or lower carbon] standards. 1 This note has been prepared by Dr Michael Crilly BSc[hons] Dip TP MAUD PhD RTPI CABE @ Tees Valley Programme Manager and Eur Ing Peter Loftus C.Eng M.I.Mech.E Renew Tees Valley Ltd Technical Manager www.renewteesvalley.co.uk 2 This summary is not comprehensive but presented as an overview of the most relevant policy, standards and design tools as currently available. An overview of these standards alongside international and national policy framework is also contained within; Shaw, Robert., Marrion, Jonathan and Webb, Robert [2005] Sustainable Energy by Design: A TCPA ‘by design’ guide for sustainable communities [Town and Country Planning Association, London]; a joint publication by the TCPA and CABE. T: 01642 632004 M: 07966911189 E: [email protected] CABE @ Tees Valley is a partnership between CABE, ONE North East, Tees Valley Regeneration, the Tees Valley Partnership and the local authorities. CABE is the Government's advisor on architecture, urban design and public space. CABE @ Tees Valley Cavendish House, Teesdale Business Park, Stockton on Tees TS17 6QY Securing the Future At a national level, the UK Government3 has reviewed its strategy for sustainable development. This strategy is focused on directing action, with a strong commitment throughout to environmental equality, community involvement and action at a local level. This strategy also placed the concept of environmental limits at its heart. Promoting Sustainable Consumption and Production [SCP] is now one of five strategic priorities for DEFRA4. Arising from and supported by this strategy, is the work on promoting sustainable communities, as one of four government priorities alongside addressing climate change, promoting sustainable consumption and protecting natural assets. Through the promotion of ‘sustainable communities’, key significance is given to the role of the statutory planning system, where the government is “… placing sustainable development at the heart of the land use planning system and at the core of new planning guidance” [p11] and linking delivery to Local Development Frameworks. There are consistent principles of community involvement and reducing environmental / spatial inequalities through this guidance. This explicit approach supported through the reform of the statutory planning system5 is to make the planning system simplifier, pro-active in promoting sustainable development and flexible and more dynamic to address opportunities and issues of managing change. While the approach to sustainable communities is significant to urban regeneration in Tees Valley, there are other key impacts expected especially as part of the response to addressing climate change and meeting government commitments6. One is the promotion of energy efficiency measures in new construction and refurbishment projects. In parallel to this is the promotion of non-fossil fuel alternatives. Planning Policy Statement 22: Renewable Energy This indicates that the Government believes that renewable energy developments are capable of being accommodated throughout England where the technology is viable and environmental, social and economic impacts can be addressed in a satisfactory manner. To promote this it requires that; • Regional and local plans should contain policies designed to promote and encourage, rather than restrict, the development of renewable energy resources; • Targets for renewable energy generation should be set out in regional spatial strategies, as indicated in the Energy White Paper; • Local planning authorities should set criteria in their plans against which planning applications for renewable energy projects will be judged rather than identifying any specific locations suitable for certain types of development; 3 UK Government [March 2005] Securing the Future: Delivering UK Sustainable Development strategy – The UK Government Sustainable Development Strategy Cm 6467 [HMSO, Norwich]. 4 Ecological Footprint analysis [One Planet Living] measures the impact of human activity upon nature. The Footprint expresses the land area that is required to feed, provide resources, produce energy, assimilate waste, and to re-absorb the greenhouse gases produced by our use of fossil fuels. More information available from; www.wwf.org.uk 5 Office of the Deputy Prime Minster [2004] Planning Policy Statement 12: Local Development Frameworks [TSO, London]. 6 These include the Kyoto Protocol target to reduce the UK greenhouse gas emissions by 12.5% below the 1990 level over 2006- 20012 and reducing CO2 emissions by 20% below 1990 levels by 2010. T: 01642 632004 M: 07966911189 E: [email protected] CABE @ Tees Valley is a partnership between CABE, ONE North East, Tees Valley Regeneration, the Tees Valley Partnership and the local authorities. CABE is the Government's advisor on architecture, urban design and public space. CABE @ Tees Valley Cavendish House, Teesdale Business Park, Stockton on Tees TS17 6QY • Planning authorities may set policies in their plans that require a percentage of the energy to be used in new developments to come from on-site renewable energy; • Proposals for renewable energy developments need to be considered carefully in areas on national and international importance for landscape and nature conservation/wildlife, and should only be granted planning permission where the criteria set out in PPS22, other guidance and legislation are met. Regional Spatial Strategy The policy context for the North East of England and the Tees Valley sub-region is set out in three principle policy documents; [1] the Regional Sustainable Development Framework [RSDF]; [2] Regional Economic Strategy [RES]; and [3] Regional Planning Guidance [RPG]. The later is currently being replaced by a Regional Spatial Strategy. Currently the RSS has undergone an Examination in Public with the Panel Report currently under consideration by the Regional Assembly and the Government Office for the North East7. This contains several relevant aspects of sustainable design and renewable energy with a discussion8 on the role of Energy and Renewable Targets and recommendations for; • Retaining / renaming Policy 39 on sustainable construction; • Requiring local planning authorities to include a policy on onsite renewable energy that includes a minimum target of 10% of energy from renewable sources; • Recommends that the Regional Assembly [as the Regional Planning Body] provides a definition within the RSS Glossary In short, if the Panel’s recommendations are adopted all local planning authorities within the North East will have set this target and define both the scale at which this operates and what is understood as a renewable source in the meeting of a minimum target. The Merton Rule9 Some of the precedent for this definition and clarification has been undertaken by the London Borough of Merton. The London Borough of Merton was one the first local planning authorities to formalise the governments renewable energy targets in its adopted UDP, setting the target for the use of onsite renewable energy to reduce annual CO 2 emissions for all new major developments in the borough by 10%. The Government has clarified PPS22 wording on the wider take-up of Merton-type pro- renewables planning policies. The
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