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Amphioctopus Fangsiao II 1 1 Octopuses with Purple Rings a 0.8 Sepia Sp

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Amphioctopus Fangsiao II 1 1 Octopuses with Purple Rings a 0.8 Sepia Sp Phylogeny of coleoid cephalopods based on complete mitochondrial genomes and cryptic species identification Fisheries College Ocean University of China, Zheng Xiaodong, Xu Ran, Tang Yan, Zhang Xiaoying, Yu Ruihai, Li Qi Shandong, China 266003 [email protected] INTRODUCTIONS OBJECTICESOBJECTIVES Octopodidae is the largest family in Cephalopoda. Although octopods display a wide Identify the cryptic or undiscovered species with high-throughput methods based on DNA diversity in skin coloration, behavior and life strategies, the hard structures for specimens barcoding are insufficient. This caused difficulties to investigate the phylogenetic relationships only through morphological characteristics. In addition, the higher-level systematic relationships within the octopod group remain unclear and are difficult to establish based Explore optimal DNA barcodes in Octopodidae. on only morphological data. Besides barely octopods fossil record, higher-level systematic relationships within the octopod group species limits and identification are difficult to establish. Effective methods for the explanation of phylogenetic relationships and cryptic species Analyze phylogenetic relationship of coleoid cephalopods based on mitochondrial DNA delimitation are urgently needed. Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) and sequences Bayesian implementation of the PTP model (bPTP) provide a high-throughput solution to identify the cryptic or undiscovered species. Besides, complete mtDNA was utilized to study the phylogenetic position and higher-levels systematic relationships of octopods. Compared to partial mt genes, complete mtDNA sequence can uncover more information Analyze relationships between relative species by comparing morphological and about gene rearrangement and other variation at the genome level for all phyla, and are mitochondrial genome characteristics comprehensively. especially powerful for displaying sufficient interspecies sequence variability and describing species specificity. RESULTS 1 0.99 Sepia sp. 1 Amphioctopus fangsiao II 1 1 Octopuses with purple rings a 0.8 Sepia sp. 2 Sepia pharaonis 1 1 Sepia kobiensis 1 Sepia recurvirostra 1 0.99 Sepia esculenta Sepiidae 1 Sepia aculeata 1 Sepia aculeata 1 1 0.5 Sepia esculenta 0.88 Sepiella japonica 1 1 Sepia recurvirostra Metasepia tullbergi 0.68 1 Sepiidae 1 Metasepia tullbergi Sepia sp. 1 1 1 - 1 0.58 2- 1 Euprymna morsei Sepia sp. 2 1 Sepiolidae 1 a c Euprymna berryi Sepia sp. 3 b 1 0.98 1 c 1 1 Loliolus beka I 1 Sepia kobiensis 1 1 1 Sepiella japonica Loliolus beka II 1 1 Loliolus japonica 1 Euprymna morsei - 0.95 1 1 Sepiolidae 0.93 Uroteuthis chinensis Euprymna berryi 1 1 0.71 Uroteuthis sp. 1 Loliginidae Illlex argentinus Ommastrephidae 1 1 1 Uroteuthis edulis 1 1 Uroteuthis sibogae Uroteuthis duvaucelii 1 1 1 Uroteuthis duvaucelii Uroteuthis sibogae Naut i l us macromphal us - 1 - Sepioteuthis lessoniana 1 L oliolus beka I 0.67 Naut i l us macromphal us 1 Illlex argentinus Potential cryptic species morphological identification after discrimination by ABGD and bPTP analysis. Ommastrephidae 1 L oliolus beka II Vampyrot eut hi s i nf ernal i s 1 0.84 Loliolus japonica Loliginidae A mphioctopus ovulum Vampyrot eut hi s i nf ernal i s 1 1 0.84 Amphioctopus aegina 0.81 Uroteuthis chinensis Oct opus vul gari s KARNI S1 D T 1 1 L 1 at p8 4 Amphioctopus kagoshimensis Uroteuthis edulis Oct opus vul gari s cox3 nad3 cox2 d nad2 cox1 at p6 nad5 nad4 a cob nad6 nad1 r r nL r r nS 1 1 n 1 Amphioctopus cf. rex Sepioteuthis lessoniana Oct opus bi macul at us F H S2 P L1L2 V MCYWQGE 1 KARNI S1 D T 1 1 L at p8 4 1 nad3 d 0.99 Amphioctopus cf. neglectus Callistoctopus aspilosomatis Oct opus bi macul at us cox3 nad2 cox1 cox2 nad5 n ad4 a cob nad6 nad1 r r nL r r nS 1 at p6 n 1 NaAumtpihli uosc tmoapcusr ofmapnhgasliuaso F H S2 P L1L2 V MCYWQGE 1 Amphioctopus marginatus Octopus guangdongensis 1 0.98 KARNI S1 D T 1 L at p8 4 Hapalochlaena sp. 2 1 Amphi oct opus f angsi ao cox3 nad3 cox2 d r r nS Octopus sp. 1 nad2 cox1 at p6 nad5 nad4 a cob nad6 nad1 r r nL n 1 0.81 VampyArmoptheiuotchtiosp uisn faeergni anlai s 0.99 Hapalochlaena sp. 1 1 F H S2 P L1L2 V MCYWQGE Callistoctopus luteus KARNI S1 D T 1 L at p8 4 1 d Hapalochlaena lunulata NAamupthiiloucst ompaucsr oamepghianlaus cox3 nad3 nad2 cox1 cox2 nad5 nad4 a cob nad6 nad1 r r nL r r nS at p6 n 1 1 0.98 Octopus minor I Ci st opus t ai wani cus 0.55 Hapalochlaena maculosa 1 Oct opus vul gari s F H S2 P L1L2 V MCYWQGE Octopus minor II KARNI S1 D T 1 l KARNI S1 D l T at p8 4 d Amphioctopus fangsiao I 1 VamCpiysrtootpeuust htiasi wiannfiecrunsal i s l Naut i l us macromphal us a 1 cox3 nad3 nad2 cox1 cox2 nad5 nad4 4 cob nad6 nad1 r r nL r r nS at p8 n Amphioctopus ovulum at p6 d 1 OcCtiosptuosp ubsi mcahciunleantsuiss cox3 nad3 nad2 cox1 cox2 at p6 nad5 nad4 a cob nad6 nad1 r r nL r r nS Amphioctopus fangsiao II 1 F H n S2 P L1L2 v MCYWQGE Amphioctopus fangsiao I KARNI S1 F1D F2 H S2T P L1L2 V MCYWQGE L3 1 0.99 l KARNI S1 D at p8 T 4 1 Oct opus vul gari s d Octopus nanhaiensis L VamCpi ysrtotpeuust hcihsi nienfseirsnal i s cox3 nad3 nad2 cox1 cox2 nad5 nad4 a cob nad6 nad1 r r nL r r nS at p6 4 0.95 0.61 at p8 n Amphioctopus fangsiao II Oct opus cyanea- XX cox3 nad3 cox2 d 1 Amphi oct opus f angsi ao nad2 cox1 at p6 nad5 nad4 a cob nad6 nad1 r r nL r r nS Cistopus taiwanicus F1 F2 H n S2 P L1L2 V MCYWQGE L3 0.67 1 F H S2 P L1L2 V MCYWQGE 0.910.92 1 Hapalochlaena lunulata Oct opus bi macul at us KARNI S1 D T Cistopus chinensis OctOocptuosp ucsy avnuel ag-aXrXi s at p8 1 1 Oct opus cyanea- XD cox3 nad3 nad2 cox1 cox2 nad5 nad4 cob nad6 nad1 r r nL r r nS 1 0.75 Hapalochlaena sp. 1 Amphi oct opus aegi na at p6 Octopus vulgaris Octopodidae 0.69 F H S2 P L1L2 V MCYWQGE Hapalochlaena sp. 2 Octopodidae NAamupthi loucst opmuasc rfoamnpghsail auos KARNI S1 D T 1 Oct opus bi macul at us L 0.54 Oct opus cyanea- XD at p8 4 Oct opus mi nor cox3 nad3 cox2 d Octopus sp. 2 1 nad2 cox1 at p6 nad5 nad4 a cob nad6 nad1 r r nL r r nS 0.58 Ci st opus t ai wani cus n 0.99 Hapalochlaena maculosa F H S2 P L1L2 V MCYWQGE Thaumoctopus mimicus 1 Amphi oct opus aegi na KARNI S1 D T VamApmyprhoitoecuttohpiuss ifnafnegrsniaaloi s L 1 Amphioctopus aegina Oct opus mi nor at p8 4 1 nad3 d Cal l i st oct opus l ut eus cox3 nad2 cox1 cox2 nad5 nad4 a cob nad6 nad1 r r nL r r nS Ci st opus chi nensi s at p6 n Thaumoctopus mimicus 2 1 F H P MCYWQGE 0.96 S2 L1L2 V 1 Amphioctopus kagoshimensis Ci st opus t ai wani cus KARNI S1 D T Octopus cyanea AOmcpthoipoucst ovpuulsg areigsi na L Cal l i st oct opus l ut eus KARNI S1 D at p8 4 T d Oct opus coni spadi ceus cox3 nad3 cox2 L nad2 cox1 nad5 nad4 a cob nad6 nad1 r r nL r r nS 1 at p6 4 0. 66 at p8 n Octopus minor I Oct opus cyanea- XX cox3 nad3 cox2 d Amphioctopus cf. neglectus nad2 cox1 at p6 F nad5 H nad4 S2a cob naPd6 nadL11L2 r r nL V r r MnCSYWQGE 0.98 1 n Ci st opus chi nensi s F H S2 P L1L2 V MCYWQGE Octopus minor-YL 1 Ci st opus t ai wani cus 0.96 0.73 Amphioctopus cf. rex OcOtcotpoupsu sc obniimsapcaudliacteuuss KARNI S1 D T Octopus minor-YL2 0.70 Amphioctopus cf. rex KARNI S1 D at p8 T Oct opus cyanea- XD cox3 nad3 nad2 cox1 cox2 nad5 nad4 L cob nad6 nad1 r r nL r r nS 1 atapt8p6 4 0.51 Amphioctopus marginatus Oct opus cyanea- XX cox3 nad3 cox2 d nad2 cox1 at p6 nad5 n a d4 a cob nad6 nad1 r r nL r r nS F H n S2 P L1L2 V MCYWQGE Octopus minor II Ci st opus chi nensi s Amphi oct opus f angsi ao KARNI S1 D F H S2T P L1L2 V MCYWQGE 1 KARNI S1 D TL at p8 4 Octopus sp. 3 1 AmphioctopusOct opus mi n ocfr . ovulum cox3 nad3 cox2 d 0.85 Octopus vulgaris nad2 cox1 atapt 8p6 nad5 nad4 a cob nad6 nad1 r r nL r r nS Oct opus cyanea- XD KARNInad3S1 D Tn 1 cox3 nad2 cox1 cox2 nad5 nad4 L cob nad6 nad1 r r nL r r nS att p86 F H 4 S2 P L1L2 V MCYWQGE Octopus guangdongensis Oct opus cyanea- XX cox3 nad3 cox2 d 0.66 0.85 1 nad2 cox1 at p6 F nad5 H nad4 a S2 cob nad6 P nad1 L1L2 r r nL V r r nS MCYWQGE Amphi oct opus aegi na n P 1 Octopus cyanea KARNI S1 D F H TS2 P L1L2 V MCYWQGE 0.58 Octopus cf.
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