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FRANÇOISE DANTAS DE LIMA ______Tese De Doutorado Natal/RN, Abril De 2017 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE CENTRO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM SISTEMÁTICA E EVOLUÇÃO GENÉTICA MOLECULAR E ECOLOGIA EM UMA ABORDAGEM INTEGRATIVA PARA CONSERVAÇÃO DE Octopus insularis LEITE & HAIMOVICI, 2008 NO ATLÂNTICO TROPICAL FRANÇOISE DANTAS DE LIMA ________________________________________________ Tese de Doutorado Natal/RN, abril de 2017 Françoise Dantas de Lima Genética molecular e ecologia em uma abordagem integrativa para conservação de Octopus insularis Leite & Haimovici, 2008 no Atlântico Tropical Orientador: Dr. Sergio Maia Queiroz Lima Co-orientadora: Dra. Tatiana Silva Leite Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, como requisito para obtenção do título de doutor. Abril - 2017 Natal/RN Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN Sistema de Bibliotecas - SISBI Catalogação de Publicação na Fonte. UFRN - Biblioteca Setorial Prof. Leopoldo Nelson - -Centro de Biociências - CB Lima, Françoise Dantas de. Genética molecular e ecologia em uma abordagem integrativa para conservação de Octopus insularis Leite & Haimovici, 2008 no Atlântico Tropical / Françoise Dantas de Lima. - Natal, 2017. 175 f.: il. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Centro de Biociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução. Orientador: Dr. Sergio Maia Queiroz Lima. Coorientadora: Dra. Tatiana Silva Leite. 1. Filogenia - Tese. 2. Filogeografia - Tese. 3. Biogeografia - Tese. 4. Modelagem de nicho - Tese. I. Lima, Sergio Maia Queiroz. II. Leite, Tatiana Silva. III. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. IV. Título. RN/UF/BSE-CB CDU 575 Genética molecular e ecologia em uma abordagem integrativa para conservação de Octopus insularis Leite & Haimovici, 2008 no Atlântico Tropical Aprovada em: 12 de abril de 2017 BANCA EXAMINADORA: Dr. Sergio Maia Queiroz Lima (UFRN – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte) (Orientador/Presidente) Dr. Paulo Cesar de Paiva (UFRJ – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) (Examinador externo à instituição) Dr. Sergio R. Floeter (UFSC – Universidade Federal do Santa Catarina) (Examinador externo à instituição) Dr. Adrian Garda (UFRN – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte) (Examinador interno) Dr. Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais Freire (UFRN – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte) (Examinador interno) Abril – 2017 Natal/RN . À Dona Branca, por fazer o sertão virar mar em mim. AGRADECIMENTOS Acima de tudo agradeço a minha mãe, Dona Branca, por nunca ter medido esforços em prol da educação de seus filhos, mesmo com todas as dificuldades que enfrentou no sertão do Rio Grande do Norte. Também agradeço a toda minha família pela compreensão e força ao longo desses anos, principalmente as manas Ninha, Fernanda e Corrinha. Amizade além dos laços de sangue. Ao Sergio Lima pela preciosa orientação e paciência ao inserir uma bióloga/ecóloga no mundo da genética molecular. Agradeço imensamente o apoio e as lições de caráter além das fronteiras acadêmicas. A Tatiana Leite pela co-orientação e por testemunhar mais uma etapa da minha vida acadêmica. Obrigada a você que me acompanha desde quando eu era um girininho. A Jan Strugnell, co-orientadora no exterior, que me recebeu de braços abertos na La Trobe University e na James Cook University, Australia. Obrigada pelos ensinamentos no campo da filogenia e no Sequenciamento de Nova Geração. Ao amigo Waldir Lima que teve a difícil tarefa de ensinar técnicas moleculares de laboratório a dois broncos do mar: Tiego Costa e eu. Obrigada pelos preciosos ensinamentos no início de todo esse processo. Agradeço também, ao Tiego por compartilhar comigo essa jornada e por comemorarmos juntos cada “luzinha verde que acendia na gelatina” (Costa 2014). Ao Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/ICMBio, por auxiliar a logística de coletas no Atol das Rocas e Fernando de Noronha, bem como a Marinha do Brasil por proporcionar expedições científicas aos arquipégos São Pedro e São Paulo e Trindade e Martim Vaz. Ao professor Carlos Rosas, da Universidade Nacional Autónoma do México, por mediar coleta de dados na região do Golfo do México. Ao professor Jorge Lins, pelos ensinamentos e oportunidades concedidas. Muito obrigada por acreditar na minha jornada. Ao Ricardo Marmota e sua operadora Abudefduf pelo apoio logístico fornecido nas coletas em Ilha Grande/RJ. Ao Carlos Sampaio, Buia, que nos recebeu em sua casa e auxiliou na logística de coleta em Salvador. Ao Bruno Batista, amigo pesquisador que facilitou a coleta de polvos no município de Itarema, Ceará. A Olga Bojarczuk, pelas amostras coletadas no Panamá e Rodrigo Torres, por ceder amostras coletadas em Alagoas. Aos meus preciosos companheiros de campo, Jaciana Barbosa, Diego Batista, Leocledna Fernandes, Jarian Santas, Allyson Santos, Gustavo Mattos, Carlos Alberto, Zah, Felipe Buloto, Marcelo Renan e militares que serviam no POIT. Obrigada por compartilharem comigo grandes aventuras nas ilhas oceânicas brasileiras. Aos pescadores do Transmar pela ajuda nas coletas em São Pedro e São Paulo e pelos preciosos ensinamentos sobre os oceanos, além bom humor diário que sempre os acompanhava. Agradeço também aos pescadores de Rio do Fogo pela colaboração na coleta de tecidos. A esses grandes guerreiros do mar, meu imenso respeito, admiração e agradecimento. Ao amigo Juan Pablo Zurano que contribuiu com importantes dicas analíticas, as quais melhoraram o rendimento da tese. A todos os colegas de laboratório do LISE, LABECE, LABIPE e GEEFAA pela colaboração mútua nos projetos de pesquisa, pelo cafezinho sagrado de cada dia e por tonar essa jornada menos árdua através do bom humor e solicitude. Agradeço em especial a Lorena Candice e Jaciana Barbosa por toda a cumplicidade e apoio mútuo durante esse ciclo acadêmico. Amizade que a ciência não explica. Aos amigos, família que escolhi para vida, Maricota, Larinha, Jaciana, Marana, Glaucia, Suzy, Tanágara, Daniel, Geomar, Marília Gabriel, Gentil, Dudu, Shirley e tantos outros que sempre compartilham comigo importantes momentos da vida acadêmica e pessoal, com uma boa cerveja compondo o cenário. Aos amigos que a Austrália me proporcionou, os quais contribuíram com importantes dicas e análises para o melhoramento da tese, além da amizade e cumplicidade prestadas durante nove meses e que serão levados para sempre. Agradeço especialmente a Cecília, Carla, Renato, Raoani e Waldo pelo carinho ácido e palavras certeiras sempre que necessário. Aos membros da banca por aceitarem contribuir com suas experiências científicas para a melhoria da tese. Aos professores que compõem o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução e à CAPES, pela bolsa concedida. A todos que cruzaram comigo seus caminhos acadêmicos durante essa jornada, mostrando as maravilhas do mundo científico e a importância da colaboração no processo da conservação de espécies marinhas. #ForaTemer. SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ......................................................................................................... 19 OCTOPUS INSULARIS: O POLVO DE AMPLA DISTRIBUIÇÃO TROPICAL ....................................... 19 ABORDAGEM INTEGRATIVA PARA CONSERVAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES .............................................. 21 APRESENTAÇÃO DA TESE ................................................................................................ 25 OBJETIVO GERAL ............................................................................................................... 26 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ................................................................................................. 26 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ..................................................................................... 27 CAPÍTULO 1 - OCCURRENCE OF OCTOPUS INSULARIS LEITE AND HAIMOVICI, 2008 IN THE TROPICAL NORTHWESTERN ATLANTIC AND IMPLICATIONS OF SPECIES MISIDENTIFICATION TO OCTOPUS FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ................................... 35 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... 35 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 36 METHODS ............................................................................................................................ 39 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................. 41 Mitochondrial DNA ......................................................................................................... 41 Nuclear DNA .................................................................................................................. 43 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................ 43 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................... 47 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 48 FIGURES AND TABLES .......................................................................................................... 56 CAPÍTULO 2 - A BIOGEOGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK OF OCTOPOD SPECIES DIVERSIFICATION: THE ROLE OF THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA ..................................... 66 ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................................
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