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Global Epidemiology Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Supplement April 28, 2006 / Vol. 55 Global Epidemiology Proceedings of the Third TEPHINET Conference — Beijing, China, November 8–12, 2004 department of health and human services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MMWR CONTENTS The MMWR series of publications is published by the Coordinating Center for Health Information and Service, Preface ................................................................................ 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333. Investigation of Avian Influenza (H5N1) Outbreak in Humans — Thailand, 2004/Darin Areechokchai, SUGGESTED CITATION C. Jiraphongsa, Y. Laosiritaworn, W. Hanshaoworakul, General: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Global M. O’ Reilly ........................................................................ 3 epidemiology: proceedings of the third TEPHINET Occupational Injuries Among Workers in the Cleansing Conference — Beijing, China, November 8–12, Section of the City Council’s Health Services 2004. MMWR 2006;55(Suppl). Department — Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, 2001–2002/ Specific: [Author(s)]. [Title of particular article]. In: Global Elizabeth Gonese, R. Matchaba-Hove, G. Chirimumba, epidemiology: proceedings of the third TEPHINET Z. Hwalima, J. Chirenda, M. Tshimanga .............................. 7 Conference — Beijing, China, November 8–12, Progress Toward Tuberculosis Control and Determinants 2004. MMWR 2006;55(Suppl):[inclusive page of Treatment Outcomes — Kazakhstan, 2000–2002/ numbers]. Ekaterina Bumburidi, S. Ajeilat, A. Dadu, I. Aitmagambetova, J. Ershova, R. Fagan, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention M.O. Favorov ................................................................... 11 Julie L. Gerberding, MD, MPH Estimation of Measles Vaccination Coverage Using Director the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) Method — Tamilnadu, India, 2002–2003/Saravanan Sivasankaran, Dixie E. Snider, MD, MPH P. Manickam, R. Ramakrishnan, Y. Hutin, M.D. Gupte........ 17 Chief Science Officer Bacterial Meningitis Among Cochlear Implant Recipients — Tanja Popovic, MD, PhD Canada, 2002/Samantha D. Wilson-Clark, S. Squires, Associate Director for Science S. Deeks........................................................................... 21 Coordinating Center for Health Information Risk Factors for Neonatal Tetanus — Busoga Region, and Service Uganda, 2002–2003/Sheba N. Gitta, Steven L. Solomon, MD F. Wabwire-Mangen, D. Kitimbo, G. Pariyo ........................ 26 Director Risk Factors for Brucellosis — Leylek and Kadamjay Districts, Batken Oblast, Kyrgyzstan, January–November, National Center for Health Marketing 2003/Turatbek B. Kozukeev, S. Ajeilat, E. Maes, Jay M. Bernhardt, PhD, MPH M. Favorov....................................................................... 32 Director Salmonellosis Outbreak Among Factory Workers — Division of Scientific Communications Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China, July 2004/ Judith R. Aguilar Lunguang Liu, H.F. He, C.F. Dai, L.H. Liang, T.Li, (Acting) Director L.H. Li, H.M. Luo, R. Fontaine ........................................... 36 Mary Lou Lindegren, MD Varicella Outbreak Among Primary School Students — Beijing, China, 2004/Huilai Ma, R. Fontaine .................... 40 Editor, MMWR Series Suzanne M. Hewitt, MPA Managing Editor, MMWR Series Teresa F. Rutledge Lead Technical Writer-Editor Jeffrey D. Sokolow, MA Project Editor Notice Beverly J. Holland This supplement is being published as a courtesy to the MMWR Lead Visual Information Specialist readership. The findings and conclusions in these papers represent the Lynda G. Cupell views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of CDC. Malbea A. LaPete Visual Information Specialists The material in this supplement originated at a meeting of the Training in Epidemiology and Public Health Interventions Net- Quang M. Doan, MBA work (TEPHINET) held in Beijing, China, during November Erica R. Shaver 8–12, 2004. It was prepared for publication by the Coordinating Information Technology Specialists Office for Public Health, Stephen C. Blount, MD, Director. Vol. 55 / Supplement MMWR 1 Preface Accurate epidemiologic information is essential for making This enables TEPHINET to offer global and regional organiza- good decisions about developing, implementing, monitoring, tions access to public health professionals who conduct surveil- and evaluating health policies. To ensure the quality of infor- lance and respond to health threats. Network members serve more mation gathered, CDC created the Epidemic Intelligence Ser- than half of the world’s population, including the United States vice (EIS) in 1951. Since then, approximately 32 countries (Figure). Just as EIS provides critical personnel for the U.S. pub- have developed field epidemiology and allied training pro- lic health system, FETPs in TEPHINET provide essential staff grams (FETPs) based on the EIS model, all sharing a com- to their own countries and regions. mon principle of training through service. As founding members of TEPHINET, WHO and CDC In the 1990s, work began to create a unified global network, maintain close partnerships with the organization. With and in 1999, the Training Programs in Epidemiology and Pub- assistance from WHO and CDC, TEPHINET is piloting a lic Health Interventions Network (TEPHINET) was formed. continuing quality improvement process that is expected to TEPHINET is dedicated to strengthening international public lead to steady improvement in the quality of science and level health capacity by enhancing competencies in applied epide- of service that FETPs provide. In addition to its training and miology and public health practice. Nearly all of the 32 FETPs capacity building role, TEPHINET is a member of WHO’s in the network began as partnerships between national minis- Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (1) and pro- tries of health, the Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance vides experts for WHO investigative teams. Capacity Development (formerly the Division of International The new International Health Regulations require each Health) of CDC’s Coordinating Office for Global Health, and nation to have competent public health personnel for epi- the World Health Organization (WHO). demic surveillance and response (2). TEPHINET and its mem- This supplement to the MMWR highlights the work of epi- ber programs will be major participants in achieving this goal. demiologists who have graduated from TEPHINET member TEPHINET, WHO, and CDC are currently working together programs. The articles were developed from abstracts presented to create new FETPs in seven countries or regions worldwide. in Beijing, China, at the Third Global Scientific Conference Much of the work of FETP staff, trainees, and graduates is of TEPHINET during November 8–12, 2004. Major fund- accomplished as they fulfill duties in their national public health ing for the conference was provided by the Bill and Melinda systems and has not been published. Because of the value of Gates Foundation. Approximately 230 field epidemiologists this applied science, we are pleased at this opportunity to share from 40 countries participated to share best practices and new a selection of the many excellent studies produced by ideas in field epidemiology, surveillance, response, and train- TEPHINET member programs and their graduates. ing. The reports selected for publication in this supplement Stephen B. Blount, MD Roberto Flores, MD focus on the contributions TEPHINET members and their Associate Director for Global Health and Chairman, TEPHINET trainees and graduates have made in surveillance of and Director, Coordinating Office response to emerging infectious diseases. They reflect the broad for Global Health, CDC impact of the training programs. Field epidemiology trainees studied major emerging prob- FIGURE. Field epidemiology training and allied programs lems of global concern (e.g., avian influenza in Thailand) and (FETPs), 2005 common outbreaks (e.g., salmonellosis and varicella in China). Trainees applied their skills to investigate occupational inju- ries in Zimbabwe, evaluate a tuberculosis control program in Kazakhstan, and adapt statistical methodologies used for industrial quality control to estimate vaccination coverage in India. The Canadian contribution highlights the application of epidemiologic methods to improve product safety for cochlear implants, and two papers discuss how to use case- control methodology to identify risk factors for brucellosis in Kyrgyzstan and neonatal tetanus in Uganda. A key characteristic of TEPHINET members’ training-through- service programs is their location in national ministries of health. FETPs 2 MMWR April 28, 2006 References Acknowledgments 1. World Health Organization. Global Outbreak Alert and Response Net- The following persons assisted in the publication of this work. Available at http://www.who.int/csr/outbreakwork/en.index.html. supplement: Edmond F. Maes, PhD, Angeli Abrol, MHSc, Linda 2. World Health Organization. Revision of the International Health Carnes, DrPA, Georgina Castro, MPH, Ra Shel Cromwell, MPH, Regulations. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2005. Kathy Harben, Valerie Kokor, MBA, Brenda Lawver, Sharel Mitchell, Available at http://www.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA58/WHA Patricia Simone, MD, Coordinating Office for Global Health, CDC. 58_3-en.pdf. Peer Reviewers The following persons served as peer reviewers for these
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