Class Notes Class: XII Topic: GLOBALISATION

Subject: POLITICAL SCIENCE - INDIAN POLITICS

IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER: 1. Globalisation is a multi-dimensional concept. 2. WSF stands for World Social Forum- is a global platform, which brings together a wide coalition composed of human rights activists, environmentalists, labour, youth and women activists together. 3. The basic element of globalization is flow. 4. In the name of global culture, imposition of western culture on the rest of the world is called cultural homogenization. 5. Imprints of American culture over different cultures of world is called ‘McDonaldisation’. 6. Globalisation leads to each culture becoming more different and distinctive. This phenomenon is called Cultural Heterogenisation. 7. FDI stands for Foreign Direct Investment. 8. ‘Social Safety Net’ is an institutional safeguard to minimize the negative effects of globalization on those who are economically weak. Q 1. Which of the statements are 'True' about globalisation? a. Globalisation is purely an economic phenomenon. b. Globalisation began in 1991. c. Globalisation is the same thing as westernisation. d. Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Ans. d. Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.

Q 2. Which of the statements are ‘True’ about the impact of globalisation? a. Globalisation has been uneven in its impact on states and societies. b. Globalisation has had a uniform impact on all states and societies. c. The impact of globalisation has been confined to the political sphere. d. Globalisation inevitably results in cultural homogeneity. Ans. a. Globalisation has been uneven in its impact on states and societies. b. Globalisation inevitably results in cultural homogeneity.

Q 3. Which of the statements is True’ about causes of globalisation? a. Technology is an important cause of globalisation. b. Globalisation is caused by a particular community of people. c. Globalisation originated in the US. d. Economic interdependence alone causes globalisation. Ans. a. Technology is an important cause of globalisation. b. It originated in the US.

Q 4. Which statements are ‘true’ about globalisation? a. Globalisation is only about movement of commodities. b. Globalisation does not involve a conflict of values. c. Services are an insignificant part of globalisation. d. Globalisation is about worldwide interconnectedness. Ans. a. Globalisation does not involve a conflict of values. b. Globalisation is about worldwide interconnectedness.

Q 5. Which of the statements are False about globalisation? a. Advocates of globalisation argue that it will result in greater economic growth. b. Critics of globalisation argue that it will result in greater economic disparity. c. Advocates of globalisation argue that it will result in cultural homogenisation. d. Critics of globalisation argue that it will result in cultural homogenisation. Ans. The statements b and d are false about globalisation.

Q 6. What is worldwide interconnectedness? What are its components? Ans. The worldwide interconnectedness implies to interlink the world through the free flow of goods and services, technology, ideas and people across the globe to extend globalisation. The crucial element is the ‘worldwide interconnectedness’ that is created and sustained as a consequence of these constant flows. These flows could be of various kinds: 1. Capital Flow: It is the flow of resources through loans or business investment among the countries. 2. Trade Flows of Goods: It refers to exchange of goods among countries. 3. Labour Flow: It refers to Brain drain by creating a favourable condition for employment. Q 7. How has technology contributed to globalisation? Ans. Technical equipment as the telegraph, the telephone, and the microchip have contributed to globalisation by exchanging ideas, capitals and place to make convenient to move from one place to another at a fast pace to stimulate the process of globalisation.

Q 8. Critically evaluate the impact of the changing role of the state in the developing countries in the light of globalisation? Ans. The impact of changing the role of the state in the developing countries in the light of globalisation can be summed up as follows: POSITIVE • Globalisation results in erosion of state’s capacity , that is the ability of the government to do what it can do. • The welfare state is now giving way to a more minimalist state that performs only the core functions of maintaining law and order and the security of nation • It is the market that becomes the prime determinant of economic and social priorities • The increase role of the MNCs reduces the capacities of government to take decision on their own. POSITIVE • Globalisation does not always reduce state's capacity • It has indeed increased state’s capacity with increased technology at the disposal of state to collect information about the citizens. • With enhanced technology and communication the state is able to rule better. • Thus the state become more powerful than before as a result of globalisation.

9. What are the economic implications of globalisation? How has globalisation impacted on India with regard to this particular dimension? Ans. The following are the economic implications of globalisation: a. It involves greater economic flows among various countries. b. It has enhanced trade in commodities among countries. c. The restrictions on imports and movements of capital have also been reduced. d. This has spread internet and computer related services across national boundaries. e. Globalisation has also led to the flow of ideas across national boundaries. The spread of internet and computer related services is an example of that. f. But globalisation has not led to the same degree of increase in the movement of people across the globe. Developed countries have carefully guarded their borders with visa policies. g. The same set of policies do not lead to the same results everywhere. While globalisation has led to similar economic policies adopted by governments in different parts of the world, this has generated vastly different outcomes in different parts of the world. h. Economic globalisation has created an intense division of opinion all over the world. Those who are concerned about social justice are worried about the extent of state withdrawal caused by processes of economic globalisation. i. It does not have equality at par the movement of people across the globe i.e. developed countries have carefully guarded their borders with visa policies to ensure job security to their own citizens. j. It has created disparities among states also by making the rich more richer and the poor more poorer. Impact of Globalisation on India: a. More new jobs have been created in the MNCs like cell phones, fast food etc. b. India is playing a crucial role among developing countries in trade and commerce by making some companies multinational themselves Le, Tata Motors, Ranbaxy etc. c. Foreign Direct Investment has also been increased. d. It has invited inflow of private foreign capital and export-oriented activities.

Q 11. How has globalisation impacted on India and how is India, in turn, impacting on Globalisation? Ans. Impact of Globalisation on India: a. More new jobs have been created in the MNCs like cell phones, fast food etc. b. India is playing a crucial role among developing countries in trade and commerce by making some companies multinational themselves i.e. Tata Motors, Ranbaxy etc. c. Foreign Direct investments have also been increased. d. It has invited inflow of private foreign capital and export-oriented activities. India in turn impacting: a. Through responding to the 1991 financial crisis, the Indian economy was liberalised to attract foreign direct investment. b. India introduced new trade policy reforms to remove tariffs and restrictions imposed on imports. c. Under industries, it abolished Licensing system exempting few specified industries only. d. Banking operations by private Sectors were permitted to expand in the country. e. To promote globalisation, India has adopted an open economy. While it may be too early to say how good this has been for India, the ultimate test is not high growth rates as making sure that the benefits of growth are shared so that everyone is better off. EXTRA QUESTIONS Explain any two major causes of globalization. Major Causes of Globalisation (i)Technology –Improved & faster means of communication and transportation (ii)Interconnectedness with the rest of the world due to availability of improved communication. (iii)Disintegration of USSR and promotion of Western Liberal capitalist ideology in a unipolar world. (iv)Role of International institutions like the IMF, World Bank and WTO in integrating their economics with the market-oriented world economy. (v)Ability of people, ideas, capital and commodities to move easily from one point of the world to other.

Evaluate the cultural consequences of globalization. Cultural consequences of globalization (i)Rise of Cultural homogenization. (ii)Imposition of western culture on the rest of the world. (iii)The culture of the politically and economically dominant society leaves its imprints on a less powerful society. (iv)Cultutral homogenization leads to shrinking of the rich cultural heritage of the world. (v)Globalization also leads to cultural hetrogenisation. (vi)External influence adds to our choices (vii)Sometimes outcomes off outside influence is a new combination eg : Khadi Kurta worn with blue jeans or any other examples (viii)Consequently each culture is becoming more different and distinctive Suggest any four steps that the Government of India should take to popularize the Indian culture at the global level. Suggestions to popularise the Indian culture (i)Encourage Indian tourism by providing better facilities. (ii)Indian cultural festivals should be celebrated in different parts of the world (iii)Movies based on the Indian culture should be produced, promoted and popularised. (iv)Literature of Indian culture should be distributed at different tourist centers. (v)Indian Hotels and Restaurants in different countries should be encouraged to promote Indian food, music, paintings etc. (vi)Indian players, artists and leaders should play a role of Brand Ambassador to make Indian culture popular at global level (vii)Cultural exchange programmes should be encouraged at international level. Suggest any three measures which, in your opinion, are very effective to strengthen the national integrity and unity of India Measures to strengthen the National integrity and unity of India (i)Tourism-Domestic tourism should be encouraged and even subsidy may be given for all India tours which would educate the people about the diversity and belongingness between different parts of India. (ii)Power sharing– Different regions must have a share in the decision- making process and policy making. (iii)Balanced development –No state or any part of India should feel neglected in terms of development. Development of infrastructure such as connectivity, communication, industralisation etc. should be taken care of .(iv)Educational Boards should have a common national syllabus and curriculum to keep all the students at par. (v)Every citizen should have the autonomy to choose any language as medium of instruction. (vi)Law and order/security of the citizens should be the top priority of governments Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions: At the most simple level, globalization results in an erosion of state capacity, that is, the ability of government to do what they do. All over the world, the old ‘welfare state’ is now giving way to a more minimalist state that performs certain core functions such as the maintenance of law and order and the security of its citizens. However, it withdraws from many of its earlier welfare functions directed at economic and social well-being. In place of the welfare state, it is the market that becomes the prime determinant of economic and social priorities

1.What do the words ‘erosion of state capacity’ imply? Explain with the help of an example 2.Why is the concept of welfare state giving way to a minimalist state? 3.How has market become the prime determinant of social priorities? i)‘Erosion of State Capacity’ means reduction in the capability or power Of the government to fulfil or take up responsibilities, Now a days the governments of various countries are obliged to obey the international norms for preservation and conservation of environment. ii) Due to privatization most of the economic activities are in the private sector. States do have role to facilitate the economic development by maintaining law and order and providing security to the citizens. As such welfare activities are getting reduced. iii)Multi-National Companies have come into the field of economic growth. They are in search of markets to sell their products. Now markets have become the determinants of social priorities.