DOCSLIB.ORG

Globalization and Cultural Flows: a Three-Article Dissertation Exploring Implications for Education and Culture in India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Globalization and Cultural Flows: a Three-Article Dissertation Exploring Implications for Education and Culture in India UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 12-15-2018 Globalization and Cultural Flows: A Three-Article Dissertation Exploring Implications for Education and Culture in India Dwight Edward Boucher Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Educational Sociology Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Repository Citation Boucher, Dwight Edward, "Globalization and Cultural Flows: A Three-Article Dissertation Exploring Implications for Education and Culture in India" (2018). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 3477. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/14279582 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GLOBALIZATION AND CULTURAL FLOWS: A THREE-ARTICLE DISSERTATION EXPLORING IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION AND CULTURE IN INDIA By Dwight Edward Boucher Bachelor of Arts – History University of Missouri, Kansas City 1996 Master of Arts – History University of Missouri, Kansas City 2001 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Doctor of Philosophy – Curriculum & Instruction Department of Teaching & Learning College of Education The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas December 2018 Dissertation Approval The Graduate College The University of Nevada, Las Vegas November 14, 2018 This dissertation prepared by Dwight Edward Boucher entitled Globalization And Cultural Flows: A Three-Article Dissertation Exploring Implications For Education And Culture In India is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy – Curriculum & Instruction Department of Teaching & Learning Christine Clark, Ed.D. Kathryn Hausbeck Korgan, Ph.D. Examination Committee Chair Graduate College Interim Dean Norma Marrun, Ph.D. Examination Committee Member Randall Boone, Ph.D. Examination Committee Member Patrick Peebles, Ph.D. Examination Committee Member Robert Parker, Ph.D. Graduate College Faculty Representative ii Abstract This dissertation follows a three-article format to examine ways in which distinct manifestations of globalization have engaged and manipulated education in India as colonizing initiatives. The articles are interrelated and examine historical, societal, and individual stories related to colonial and global impositions of Western epistemological, economic, and educational forms in India. The introductory chapter outlines the broad implications of globalization and globalizing narratives, and it is intended to demonstrate that while globalization has the capacity to improve the quality and equitability of lives around the world, it also has the potential to serve as a hegemonic conduit for the continuation of predatory colonization. The first of the three articles is a historical paper that explores the impact of colonial liberalism and global neoliberalism on education in India. The second article engages cultural studies methods to analyze media promotion and discourse on the topic of education initiatives and policies in India in the current era, and the third article is a qualitative ethnography that investigates both craft pedagogy and student motivations to pursue higher educational studies in traditional craft and design in Jaipur, India. The broad purpose of this dissertation, taken as a whole, is to explore the intersections of globalization, education, and culture in India and to provide information on how these complex intersections impact the lives of real people. iii Acknowledgements This Ph.D. has been a long time coming. I want to thank my many mentors who have guided and influenced me along the way. I want to individually acknowledge two mentors in particular who are very different scholars in very different fields, but who have both had profound impacts on my development as a teacher and as an emerging scholar. Dr. Patrick Peebles was my undergraduate advisor who first pointed me on the path to South Asian Studies. He served as the chair of my Master of Arts in History at the University of Missouri, Kansas City, and even in his busy years as a professor emeritus, he generously agreed to serve on my doctoral committee as an outside member. I thank him for all of his continued encouragement and support. I would also like to thank Dr. Christine Clark for her mentorship as a professor and as my committee chair in the Cultural Studies, International Education, and Multicultural Education program at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. She asked during our first meeting the following question, “What kind of scholar do you want to be?” This question shaped the years I have spent at UNLV, my conception for this three-article dissertation format, and the theoretical and methodological approaches I engaged in the research and writing of this dissertation. To answer her compelling question with the vantage point of time and experience, I am an emerging interdisciplinary scholar whose work is concerned with and confronts pressing social issues and problems around (in)equitability in our world. I plan to use my platforms as a teacher and a scholar to make a difference for the better in the lives of real people. I would also like to thank these other important mentors in the order of their mentorship: Prof. Fred Krebs, Dr. Carla Klausner, Dr. Michelle Boisseau, Dr. Gary Ebersole, Prof. Usha Jain, Dr. Douglas Cowan, Dr. Norma Marrun, Dr. Randall Boone, Dr. Robert Parker, Dr. Stephanie Relles, Dr. Kim Nehls, and Dr. Federick Ngo. I also thank my countless students at Johnson County Community College and UNLV who have made me a better teacher and human. iv Dedication This dissertation project, that has unfolded over the last several years, was only possible with the constant love and support of my favorite person and partner in life, Kayla Boucher. I also dedicate this to my parents and my children who have all supported me (and tolerated me) as I pursued this milestone. Finally, I dedicate this project to the many research participants in India who so generously gave me access to their lives and their stories—I thank you all! v Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ iii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... iv Dedication ..................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... x Chapter One: Introduction .......................................................................................................... 11 Personal Connection to the Study ................................................................................... 14 Conceptual Literature Review: Globalization and Globalizing Narratives ................... 16 Connections of the Literature Review to the Three Articles .......................................... 40 Research Questions of the Three Articles ....................................................................... 48 Proposed Journals for Publication Submission ............................................................... 50 Chapter Summary ........................................................................................................... 52 References ....................................................................................................................... 54 Chapter Two: Colonial Liberalism, Global Neoliberalism, and Education in India ................. 67 Introduction to Article .................................................................................................... 67 Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 69 Colonial Liberalism and Global Neoliberalism: Comparisons and Contrasts ............... 72 Colonialism and Education in India ................................................................................ 76 Global Neoliberalism and Education in India ................................................................. 87 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 95 References ....................................................................................................................... 96 vi Chapter Three: Announcing Exam Scores: A Case Study Exploring Globalized Education, Meritocracy, and Media Propaganda
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ethnicity, Confession and Intercultural Dialogue at the European Union's
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive Ethnicity, Confession and Intercultural Dialogue at the European Union’s East Border Brie, Mircea and Horga, Ioan and Şipoş, Sorin University of Oradea, Romania 2011 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44082/ MPRA Paper No. 44082, posted 31 Jan 2013 05:28 UTC ETHNICITY, CONFESSION AND INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE AT THE EUROPEAN UNION EASTERN BORDER ETHNICITY, CONFESSION AND INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE AT THE EUROPEAN UNION EASTERN BORDER Mircea BRIE Ioan HORGA Sorin ŞIPOŞ (Coordinators) Debrecen/Oradea 2011 This present volume contains the papers of the international conference Ethnicity, Confession and Intercultural Dialogue at the European Union‟s East Border, held in Oradea between 2nd-5th of June 2011, organized by Institute for Euroregional Studies Oradea-Debrecen, University of Oradea and Department of International Relations and European Studies, with the support of the European Commission and Bihor County Council. CONTENTS INTRODUCTORY STUDIES Mircea BRIE Ethnicity, Religion and Intercultural Dialogue in the European Border Space.......11 Ioan HORGA Ethnicity, Religion and Intercultural Education in the Curricula of European Studies .......19 MINORITY AND MAJORITY IN THE EASTERN EUROPEAN AREA Victoria BEVZIUC Electoral Systems and Minorities Representations in the Eastern European Area........31 Sergiu CORNEA, Valentina CORNEA Administrative Tools in the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Ethnic Minorities .............................................................................................................47
    [Show full text]
  • CITIZENS and Democrats
    30 FEATURES CITIZENS and Democrats In recent years the claims of citizenship have ranked highly in the catalogue of Left values worldwide. Yet Australian Labor has had little or nothing to say about the citizenship debate. Peter Beilharz argues that the problem lies in the evolution of labourism itself. The answer may be a reconstructed and revitalised social democracy. hat has happened to marxism, politics, The fall of the Wall, in this sense, is the consolidation of this process of dissolution and rethinking: not its beginning. democracy and socialism? With the fall The realisation that marxism had no real theory of politics of the Wall, the collapse of communism preceded the recent, apocalyptic events across central and and the increasing sense that the eastern Europe. Gramsd, of course, anticipated some of present is history, the temptation is to forget that these difficulties by rejecting the idea of proletarian marxism was in crisis from at least the late 1970s. socialism and arguing for the necessity of class alliances, eschewing the developmental tales of earlier marxism. In A number of particular factors were evidently at work reformist ways, the necessity of class alliances was also the then; the collapse of Eurocommunism and the hopes for premise of two of the proudest moments in modem labour union of the Left in France, interminable wranglings in the politics—the Attlee government in Britain between 1945 British Labour Party, the emergence of Green politics, the and 1951, and the Whitlam government in Australia, 1972- work of Andr6 Gorz and Rudolf Bahro, the continuing 1975. The relationship between class and politics, however, feminist critique of marxism, the parting of ways between has always been a major problems for socialists, whether marxism and feminism, the explosive work of Foucault revolutionary or reformist.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Southampton Research Repository
    University of Southampton Research Repository Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details must be given, e.g. Alastair Paynter (2018) “The emergence of libertarian conservatism in Britain, 1867-1914”, University of Southampton, Department of History, PhD Thesis, pp. 1-187. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF HUMANITIES History The emergence of libertarian conservatism in Britain, 1867-1914 by Alastair Matthew Paynter Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2018 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES History Doctor of Philosophy THE EMERGENCE OF LIBERTARIAN CONSERVATISM IN BRITAIN, 1867-1914 by Alastair Matthew Paynter This thesis considers conservatism’s response to Collectivism during a period of crucial political and social change in the United Kingdom and the Anglosphere. The familiar political equipoise was disturbed by the widening of the franchise and the emergence of radical new threats in the form of New Liberalism and Socialism. Some conservatives responded to these changes by emphasising the importance of individual liberty and the preservation of the existing social structure and institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Localization and the Chinese Overseas: Acculturation, Assimilation, Hybridization, Creolization, and Identification
    Cultural and Religious Studies, February 2018, Vol. 6, No. 2, 73-87 doi: 10.17265/2328-2177/2018.02.001 D DAVID PUBLISHING Localization and the Chinese Overseas: Acculturation, Assimilation, Hybridization, Creolization, and Identification TAN Chee-Beng Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China Based on materials on the localized Chinese overseas, including the Melaka Babas, who are mostly Malay-speaking Chinese, this article reflects on the use of such terms as acculturation and assimilation, as well as hybridization and creolization, in relation to highly localized Chinese. All these concepts are seen as different ways of describing cultural formation in transcultural context. In particular, the relevance of using creolization to refer to the kind of creative process of cultural formation beyond its original usage in the Caribbean is discussed. This results in the identification of fragmented creolization as in the case of the Caribbean and a rooted creolization as in the case of the Babas. The author shall first discuss the issues of assimilation and integration, followed by hybridization and creolization. This is followed by the discussion on localization of Chinese overseas and identity. The concluding section provides some remarks on the concepts reviewed, and three main categories of acculturated Chinese are identified, namely, Chinese who are linguistically assimilated but still observe major Chinese traditions, Chinese who are so acculturated to the mainstream society that they hardly practice Chinese traditions, and Chinese who are both highly localized and highly mixed “racially”. Keywords: acculturation and assimilation, hybridization, creolization, localization and identity, Baba, Chinese overseas Introduction1 A noticeable feature of Chinese overseas is their local cultural adaptation.
    [Show full text]
  • Theoretical Debates on the Cultural Consequences of Globalization and Its Implication in the Light of the Ethiopian Culture
    Vol. 7(9), pp. 287-293, November 2019 DOI: 10.14662/IJPSD2019.160 International Journal of Copy©right 2019 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article Political Science and ISSN: 2360-784X http://www.academicresearchjournals.org/IJPSD/Index.html Development Review Theoretical debates on the cultural consequences of globalization and its implication in the light of the Ethiopian culture. Tibebu Shito Kebede Adress: 269, Civics and Ethical Studies Department, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia Cell phone: +251-912-062-000, Email: [email protected]/[email protected] Accepted 19 November 2019 This paper examines the cultural consequences of globalization. The study uses qualitative research approach along with secondary sources of data to analyze the relationship between culture and globalization. Even though nations have made closer relations for elongated and continuous periods, the pace of interactions, exemplified by the global flows of people, capital, information, commodities and culture among others, has shown significant improvement recently owing to the force of globalization. Thus, globalization, as a multifaceted process, contributes to the continuous and multiple linkages on a global scale. One of the interactions by which globalization has been manifested is the cultural ties among nations. In these processes of cultural connectivity, there exist contact and exchange of elements among the world’s cultural rainbow having an array of results, namely, homogenization, heterogenization, hybridization and polarization thesis. Keywords: Culture, globalization, homogenization, heteroginazation, hybridization, polarization, cultural imperialism Cite this article as : Tibebu S.K (2019). Theoretical debates on the cultural consequences of globalization and its implication in the light of the Ethiopian culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Justice in the Australian Social Work Discourse
    AN EXPLORATION OF THE CONSTRUCTS OF SOCIAL JUSTICE IN THE AUSTRALIAN SOCIAL WORK DISCOURSE A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor Of Philosophy Charles Sturt University By Bruce Valentine, BSocWk (Hons Class 1) (CSU), Grad Dip Admin (UTS) April 2005 CONTENTS Declaration vii Acknowledgements viii Abbreviations x Abstract xi Section 1 1 1.0 Introduction 2 1.1 Overview 3 1.2 Motivation 3 1.3 Historical perspective 4 1.4 Thesis outline 5 2.0 Theory and methodology 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Theory 10 2.2.1 Postmodernism 10 2.2.2 Critical theory 12 2.2.3 Discourses and their analysis 13 2.3 Methodology 17 2.3.1 Overview 17 2.3.2 A qualitative approach 17 2.3.3 Describing the journey 19 2.3.4 Thematic analysis of references to social justice 21 2.4 Interpreting the social work discourse 24 2.5 Identifying references to social justice in the social work discourse 28 2.6 Research limitations 30 Section 2 32 Introduction 33 3.0 Liberalism 34 3.1 Overview 34 3.2 History of liberalism 34 3.3 Core values of liberalism 38 3.4 Anglo-American liberalism 40 3.4.1 Classical liberalism 41 ii 3.4.2 Laissez-faire liberalism 44 3.4.3 Reform liberalism 46 3.4.4 Contested points in the Anglo-American discourse 49 3.4.4.1 The nature of individualism 50 3.4.4.2 The role of government 50 3.4.4.3 Extent of neutrality 51 3.4.4.4 Public private divide 51 3.5 European liberalism 51 3.6 Liberalism and democracy 55 3.7 Conclusion 56 4.0 Justice 58 4.1 Overview 58 4.2 Constructs of justice 59 4.2.1 Contract 59 4.2.2 Fairness 60 4.2.3 Impartiality 61 4.2.4 Rights 64
    [Show full text]
  • Forests for the People: Resisting Neoliberalism Through Permaculture Design
    Forests For The People: Resisting Neoliberalism Through Permaculture Design by Chris Bisson A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Post Doctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Geography Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario ©2013 Chris Bisson Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du 1+1 Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-94665-7 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-94665-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Sir Joseph Carruthers in the History of Australian Liberalism
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016 University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2016 Sir Joseph Carruthers in the history of Australian liberalism Zachary Kevin Kearney Gorman University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Gorman, Zachary Kevin Kearney, Sir Joseph Carruthers in the history of Australian liberalism, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Humanities and Social Inquiry, University of Wollongong, 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Globalization and Cultural Identity Dilemmas
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Labes, Sebastian Andrei Article Globalization and Cultural Identity Dilemmas CES Working Papers Provided in Cooperation with: Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Suggested Citation: Labes, Sebastian Andrei (2014) : Globalization and Cultural Identity Dilemmas, CES Working Papers, ISSN 2067-7693, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Centre for European Studies, Iasi, Vol. 6, Iss. 1, pp. 87-96 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/198291 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ www.econstor.eu GLOBALIZATION AND CULTURAL IDENTITY DILEMMAS Sebastian Andrei Labeș* Abstract: This paper aims to present an important phenomenon of our world, namely the contradictory relationship between globalization and cultural identity.
    [Show full text]
  • Globalization and Culture: the Limitations and Horizons of Intercultural Technical Communication Pedagogies R
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2004 Globalization and culture: the limitations and horizons of intercultural technical communication pedagogies R. Peter Hunsinger Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, and the Rhetoric and Composition Commons Recommended Citation Hunsinger, R. Peter, "Globalization and culture: the limitations and horizons of intercultural technical communication pedagogies" (2004). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 7937. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/7937 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Globalization and culture: the limitations and horizons of intercultural technical communication pedagogies by R. Peter Hunsinger A thesis submitted to the graduate facuhy in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Major: Rhetoric, Composition, and Professional Commimication Program ofStudy Committee: Helen Rothschild Ewald, Major Professor David R. Russell Mark W. Rectanus Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2004 i 11 Graduate College Iowa State University This is to certify that the master's thesis
    [Show full text]
  • The Impossible Concept: Settler Liberalism, Pan-Africanism, and the Language of Non-Racialism*
    THE IMPOSSIBLE CONCEPT: SETTLER LIBERALISM, PAN-AFRICANISM, AND THE LANGUAGE OF NON-RACIALISM* Jon Soske Department of History and Classical Studies McGill University and Centre for Indian Studies in Africa University of the Witwatersrand [email protected] ABSTRACT This article traces the history of four words: ‘non-racial’, ‘non-racialism’, ‘multi- racial’, and ‘multi-racialism’. Its main concern is to identify when and how these terms developed a role within British colonial and South African political discourse. At the end of the 1950s, the struggles within the anti-apartheid movement became entangled with a broader discussion across southern and eastern Africa regarding democracy, nationalism, and political representation. In clarifying the signifcance of this moment, this article reconstructs the earlier history of ‘multi- racial democracy’ from its formulation in South African liberal circles in the 1930s to its incorporation into British colonial policy following the Second World War. It then traces the divergent conceptualisations of non-racialism and African nationalism that developed in response to multi-racial democracy. It concludes that African National Congress (ANC) leaders adopted the language of non-racial democracy in a reactive fashion after the 1958 Africanist split in order to clarify the organisation’s position on group rights. Keywords: non-racialism, multi-racialism, Pan Africanist Congress, African National Congress, Tom Mboya, Albert Luthuli, Robert Sobukwe, Liberalism Downloaded by [McGill University Library] at 16:41 19 May 2016 This article traces the history of four words: ‘non-racial’, ‘non-racialism’, ‘multi-racial, and multi-racialism’. Its main concern is to identify when and how these terms developed a role within British colonial and South African political discourse.
    [Show full text]
  • Bruce Smith and Anglo-Australian Liberalism
    The Historical Journal (2021), 1–21 doi:10.1017/S0018246X21000522 ARTICLE Bruce Smith and Anglo-Australian Liberalism Alastair Paynter School of Humanities (History), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Email: [email protected] Abstract Bruce Smith (1851–1937) was the most prominent Australian exponent of classical or ‘old’ liberalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Although his polit- ical career was not particularly successful, he was notable as the foremost defender of individualism as the authentic liberal creed, exemplified by his 1887 work Liberty and liberalism. He consistently attacked new liberalism, with its acceptance of extensive state interference, and socialism, as inimical to individual liberty and national prosper- ity. Although he is now recognized as an important figure in the Australian liberal pan- theon, there has been relatively little attention to his thought outside Australia itself, despite his extensive connections to Britain. The general trajectory of Australian liber- alism from ‘individualism’ to ‘collectivism’ was mirrored in Britain from the 1880s, especially during Prime Minister William Gladstone’s second and third administrations, when the radicals within the Liberal party grew in influence and the aristocratic whig moderates waned. Smith maintained close links with the British Liberty and Property Defence League, which dedicated itself to fighting against collectivism, as well as with his personal hero, the philosopher Herbert Spencer, from whom his own politics derived much influence. This article considers Smith’s thought through the prism of Anglo-Australian politics. As a political culture, Australia did not make much impression on British minds until relatively late in the nineteenth century.
    [Show full text]