ENGLISH-HINDI A DISCOVERY JOURNEY

अंग्रेजी-िह�ी खोज की यात्रा angrejee-hindee khoj kee yaatra

© Gurmentor Inc. Content Prepared by Gurmentor, Inc.

The text provided here is about 20% of the library content of the Encore!!! Language Learning app. You can get the full content when you download the app. Please contact us on our website if you need more information to get the content of the library.

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 1

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 2 ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 13

VOCABULARY 19

NOUNS: 19 सं�ा sangya

NOUNS: PLACES 19 सं�ा: जगह sangya: jagah

NOUNS: EDUCATION 23 सं�ा: िश�ा sangya: shiksha

NOUNS: WEATHER 26 सं�ा: मौसम sangya: mausam

NOUNS: ANIMALS 29 सं�ा: पशु sangya: pashu

NOUNS: BODY 31 सं�ा: शरीर sangya: shareer

NOUNS: ENTERTAINMENT 33 सं�ा: मनोरं जन sangya: manoranjan

NOUNS: FOOD 37 सं�ा: भोजन sangya: bhojan

NOUNS: HEALTH 40   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 4 सं�ा: �ा� sangya: svaasthy

NOUNS: HOUSE 42 सं�ा: घर sangya: ghar

NOUNS: RELATIONS 46 सं�ा: संबंधी sangya: sambandhee

NOUNS: WORK 48 सं�ा: काम sangya: kaam

NOUNS: WEARABLES 52 सं�ा: �ा पहनना है sangya: kya pahanana hai

NOUNS: POLITICS 54 सं�ा: राजनीितक sangya: raajaneetik

VERBS 56 िक्रया kriya

PRONOUNS 79 सव�नाम sarvanaam

ADJECTIVES 84 िवशेषण visheshan

ADVERBS 92 िक्रया िवशेषण kriya visheshan

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 5 PREPOSITIONS 95 पूव�सग� poorvasarg

CONJUNCTIONS 97 संयोजन के �प sanyojan ke roop

CARDINAL NUMBERS 99 गणन सं�ा ganan sankhya

ORDINAL NUMBERS 103 क्रमसूचक सं�ा kramasoochak sankhya

GREETINGS AND USEFUL PHRASES 104

First Meeting: Getting to Know Each Other 104 पहली मुलाकात: एक-दू स रे को जानना pahalee mulakat: ek-doosare ko jaanana

Directions on the Street 108 सड़क पर रसता पूछना sadak par rasta puchhna

Transport: Taxis, Buses and Metro 110 प�रवहन: टै�ी, बस� और मे ट� ो parivahan: taiksee, basen aur metro

Transport: Airplanes 112 प�रवहन: हवाई जहाज parivahan: havaee jahaaj

Shopping for Food 114 खाने की खरीदारी khaane kee khareedaaree

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 6 Shopping for Goods 116 माल के िलए खरीदारी maal ke lie khareedaaree

At a Restaurant 118 एक भोजनालय म� ek bhojanaalay mein

At the Hotel 120 होटल म� hotal mein

At a Clinic or Hospital 122 एक ��िनक या अ�ताल म� ek klinik ya aspataal mein

Emergency Situations 125 आपातकालीन प�र��िथ aapaatakaaleen paristithi

GRAMMAR GUIDE 127

Word order in sentence 127 वा�ों म� श� क्रम vaakyon mein shabd kram

Adjective placement 130 वा�ों म� िवशेषण vaakyon mein visheshan

How are questions formed? 132 प्र� कै स े बनते ह�? prashn kaise banate hain?

Nouns and pronoun change with gender and number 135 िलंग और सं�ा के साथ नाम और सव�नाम प�रवत�न ling aur sankhya ke saath naam aur sarvanaam parivartan

Use of articles 137 ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 7 लेखों का उपयोग lekhon ka upayog

Pronoun use 138 सव�नाम उपयोग sarvanaam upayog

Tense and verbs 141 काल और िक्रयाएं kaal aur kriyaen

VERB CONJUGATIONS 144 to be 144 होना hona to have 149 पास होना paas hona to do 154 बनाना banaana to go 159 जाना jaana to come 164 आना aana to be able to 169 कर सकना kar sakana must/should 174   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 8 करना चािहए karana chaahie to want 179 चाहना chaahana

to say 184 कहना kahana

to talk 189 बोलना bolana

to finish 194 ख� करना khatm karana

to sell 199 बेचना bechana

to give 204 दे ना dena

to know 209 जानना jaanana

SENTENCES WITH VOCABULARY 214

NOUNS: 214 सं�ा sangya

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 9 NOUNS: PLACES 214 सं�ा: जगह sangya: jagah

NOUNS: EDUCATION 244 सं�ा: िश�ा sangya: shiksha

NOUNS: WEATHER 276 सं�ा: मौसम sangya: mausam

NOUNS: ANIMALS 304 सं�ा: पशु sangya: pashu

NOUNS: BODY 316 सं�ा: शरीर sangya: shareer

NOUNS: ENTERTAINMENT 332 सं�ा: मनोरं जन sangya: manoranjan

NOUNS: FOOD 369 सं�ा: भोजन sangya: bhojan

NOUNS: HEALTH 390 सं�ा: �ा� sangya: svaasthy

NOUNS: HOUSE 404 सं�ा: घर sangya: ghar

NOUNS: RELATIONS 442 सं�ा: संबंधी sangya: sambandhee   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 10

NOUNS: WORK 455 सं�ा: काम sangya: kaam

NOUNS: WEARABLES 491 सं�ा: �ा पहनना है sangya: kya pahanana hai

NOUNS: POLITICS 508 सं�ा: राजनीितक sangya: raajaneetik

PRONOUNS 524 सव�नाम sarvanaam

ADJECTIVES 546 िवशेषण visheshan

ADVERBS 629 िक्रया िवशेषण kriya visheshan

PREPOSITIONS 652 पूव�सग� poorvasarg

CONJUNCTIONS 665 संयोजन के �प sanyojan ke roop

CARDINAL NUMBERS 677 गणन सं�ा ganan sankhya

ORDINAL NUMBERS 687 क्रमसूचक सं�ा ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 11 kramasoochak sankhya

CONVERSATIONS WITH VOCABULARY 691

Building Blocks 691 शु� Shuru

Newcomers 705 नए चेहरे nae chehare

Making Friends 718 दो� बनाने dost banaane

Planning with Friends 733 दो�ों के साथ योजना बनाना doston ke saath yojana banaana

Weather and Time 749 मौसम और समय mausam aur samay

Travel 765 यात्रा Yaatra

Shopping for Food 781 भोजन की खरीदारी bhojan kee khareedaaree

Shopping 796 खरीदारी Khareedaaree

Work and School 811 काम और �ू ल   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 12 kaam aur skool

Health 827

�ा� Svaasthy

Cooking 841 खाना बनाना khaana banaana

Schedules 857 काय�क्रम kaaryakram

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 13 INTRODUCTION

This book and other similar books in the series comprise of the content in the library included in Encore!!! Language Learning mobile app. As in the Encore!!! Language Learning app, the L1-L2 method is used where L1 is a helping language (one that a user knows) and L2 is the target language the user wishes to learn. English is used as a pairing language (i.e. either L1 or L2). In the app the user has the flexibility to turn off the helping language to have a total immersion experience or keep it turned on to have a semi-immersive learning experience. In the Encore!!!! App the user can also make playlists of items in the library, choose how many times an item is repeatedly spoken and how much pause is needed between each vocal. The user can also take a test after learning to see how well the language has been learnt. Finally the user can add new items to expand the library. Encore!!! Language Learning development team has researched the basic components of a language that need to be learnt so a new learner can communicate comfortably with a native person on most of the basic activities in daily life. Our team members not only attended eight language schools around the world covering 12 different languages, they also consulted with a dozen native language speakers to finalize the content that is presented here. Note of course that the vocabulary level of a native speaker even at a high school level will most likely be five times greater than what is presented here.

There are several challenges to learning any language: 1. Memorization of new words: To be able to comfortably communicate in a new language with native speakers in most areas of interest one needs to know around 3000 unique words. A native speaker may know around 20000 unique words so 3000 represents only a small part just enough for most conversations. To have a comfortable and stress free conversations these words have to be understood or recalled and spoken in less than a second. 2. One needs to grasp how the words are ordered in a sentence so there is no confusion. In addition to this simple grammar rule of order of words the more challenging aspect of language is the way words change from their basic form. 3. Pronunciation: Vocals are essential in communication unless one is using sign language. New sounds need to be learnt and made when new words are learnt. Over 100 muscles in the jaw, tongue, throat are needed along with the cavity of the skull and the positioning of the tongue and teeth. This is in addition to learning the rules of how the written words are to be pronounced. To overcome this most difficult of language challenges one has to articulate hundreds of times, even by oneself. Also it is important to be courageous so as not to be disheartened when one mispronounces and ignore the occasional mocking that a native speaker may do. 4. Even after memorizing the vocabulary it turns out that words change their form in real conversation to fully convey the intention of the speaker. This is part of learning the grammar rules. If in one’s native language words change in a different manner the brain tries to rebel against the new rules. However, one has to be flexible and simply put in the effort to learn these new rules.

Expanding of the fourth point, here are some ways how word forms change: i) In most languages time when something occurred is conveyed through verb form change.

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 14 ii) In some languages nouns (including inanimate nouns) are gendered and verb form is changed to convey gender. Examples are Romance languages, Hindi, Punjabi, Arabic, etc. iii) In some languages possessive pronouns are absorbed into nouns. Example is Arabic.

iv) In some languages prepositions are absorbed into nouns. Examples are Sanskrit and Latin.

Basic Vocabulary Needed for communication

As mentioned above, in preparing our mobile app Encore!!! Language Learning out team has spent several years attending nearly a dozen language schools and studying many language teaching books in multiple languages. This has led to the library that is included in Encore!!! App. The entries in this and other books on different languages are the contents of this library. The contents for all of the languages in this series are nearly identical.

Nouns: ~1500 These words describe objects and ideas we encounter in daily life. Verbs: ~ 700 These words describe actions we take in daily life. Pronouns: ~70 These words allow us to replace nouns so we don’t keep repeating nouns in a sentence. Adjectives:~300 These words describe the nature of nouns. Adverbs:~100 These words describe the nature of action. Prepositions: ~50 These words make language precise by describing locations in space or in time. Conjunctions:~40 These words allow us to join sentences or ideas to make speech more compact. Cardinal Numbers:~100 (and learn the pattern on how numbers progress) These allow us to convey answers to “how many?” “how much?” Ordinal Numbers: ~20 (and how numbers progress) These allow us to understand how objects are ordered.

In all of the books in this series English is included as either a helper language or the language to be learnt.

Suggestions on using this book

This book is quite different from other books developed for language learning and to use it effectively it is important to consider two different ways a person can become fluent in a language:

i) The "comprehensive learning approach" that is taken by most language programs in schools and colleges. In this approach it is assumed the student will dedicate several years to learn a language so a methodical approach is used. In such programs even after several months a student may not be able to communicate even in simple activities such as shopping for food or finding or giving directions' ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 15 ii) The second approach may be called "limited activity" approach and is one that many immigrants, especially economic immigrants have developed and without input from linguists or language experts. Many immigrants have to rapidly learn to communicate to survive and within a few weeks (provided they find work in the new country where they are dealing with native speakers) they can communicate effectively. If you go to any major city, outside the major tourist attractions or in labor markets you can see and hear immigrants selling knick-knacks or loading trucks with goods speaking in the native country's language. This "necessity driven" learning is based on learning limited vocabulary and minimal grammar - just enough to function in a job, purchase food and clothes and obtain shelter. Gradually most immigrants who start out using this approach go to schools and learn in a more comprehensive way.

This book can be used to learn in the "comprehensive learning" mode described above although it is especially useful for the "limited activity based" approach described above in the context of immigrants. A user can decide on the "limited activity" and use the way material is arranged in this book to rapidly learn vocabulary and word use in that activity.

This book has six chapters. These are i) vocabulary; ii) greetings and useful phrases; iii) grammar guide; iv) verb conjugations; v) sentences that use the words in the vocabulary chapter and also include additional vocabulary words used in the sentences; iv) conversations where typical conversations and/or vocabulary needed is presented in 12 different areas.

Everyone has a different way of learning so a user should use our suggestions and then modify them according to their own needs. Since many excellent YouTube videos exist (including Encore!!!! Language Learning created videos) the user should use such resources as well to learn pronunciation rules and enhance speaking abilities.

Here are our recommended starting first two steps covering a couple of weeks of learning whether you are using the "comprehensive learning" approach or "limited activity" learning approach:

Comprehensive Learning Approach

We will give a weekly plan although each user can extend this time or compress it based on available time.

Week 1: Start by learning items in the second chapter “Greetings and Useful Phrases”. Learn a few of these items everyday till you are able to memorize and use the ones you think are most useful for you. This will allow you to greet native people and do introductions, find simple directions, etc. Within a few days you will be able to memorize about 100 such greetings and useful phrases. The use of your new language in shops, cafes, street corners will give you both confidence and motivation to learn more.

Week 2: Start memorizing counting in the first chapter vocabulary. In one or two days you can learn counting, a skill very important for buying anything or taking and giving phone numbers. After this learn the words for the days of the week, month, telling time.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 16

Week 3: In the first Chapter vocabulary words are arranged in grammatical forms (nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, etc.) All of these words other than verbs are used in the corresponding sentences in the fifth Chapter. Then after examining the vocabulary prioritize them and try to learn 140 words or 20 words a day. Of these 150 words use this rough distribution: 60 nouns, 30 verbs, 10 pronouns, 20 adjectives, 10 adverbs, 5 prepositions and 5 conjunctions.

Week 4: Once you have learnt a hundred or so words start learning grammar rules given in the third chapter as well as verb conjugations for the present tense for the first five verbs given in fourth chapter.

Week 5: As in week 3 learn 140 more words from the vocabulary chapter using a similar breakdown for nouns, verbs, etc. Also learn the verb conjugation rules for present tense for all the verbs of chapter 4.

Week 6: Learn the sentences associated with your vocabulary from the “Sentences” chapter. Learn the extra vocabulary given for these sentences.

Week 7: Add another 140 words to your vocabulary and learn verb conjugation for past perfect tense from chapter 4.

Week 8: Learn the use of the vocabulary you have learnt so far in sentences given in Chapter 5.

Week 9: Learn the content of the first Topic in the last chapter on "Conversations".

Week 10: Learn rules for past imperfect conjugation in chapter 4 and the second topic in chapter 6.

Week 11: Learn the rules for verb conjugation for future tense. Revise the conjugation rules for all four tenses. Note that the text only gives the four simpler tenses.

From now on every two weeks learn 100 new words, their use in sentences, one conversation topic in Chapter 6.

You will be done around Week 30.

In case the pace is too much feel comfortable going at a slower pace.

Limited Activity Approach

The first two steps in this approach are the same as for the "comprehensive Approach". However, in this approach pick any one of the Noun Topics mentioned in Chapter 1 or Topics in Chapter 6. One topic can be learnt in 4 to 5 weeks.

Week 1: Start by learning items in the second chapter “Greetings and Useful Phrases”. ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 17

Week 2: Start memorizing counting in the first chapter vocabulary. In one or two days you can learn counting, a skill very important for buying anything or taking and giving phone numbers. After this learn the words for the days of the week, month, telling time.

Lesson Plan for Learning "Food" related language.

Week 3: In Chapter 1 you will find the 74 word vocabulary related to food. Learn these in one week.

Week 4: In Chapter 5 you will find 74 sentences which use the exact same words and also give you additional vocabulary that is used in the sentences. Learn these during this week.

Week 5: Finally in Chapter 6 you will find sections on "Shopping for Food" and "Cooking" each having 60 sentences with vocabulary breakdown. Learn the content in these topics during the week.

Thus in this approach with the first two Weeks for "Greetings and Useful Phrases" and "Counting numbers etc" each activity can be learnt in 3 additional weeks. In a little over a month you can learn enough to converse with a native about food related subjects.

The book has roughly 12 to 13 topics that you can choose from.

Learning by Having Imaginary Conversations

A most important technique for learning a new language is to use your imagination to have conversations with yourself. Try to describe what you are doing, what you are seeing, what you are eating, the people you are seeing, the surroundings, etc. Try giving make-belief directions to others or getting directions from them. Pretend you are shopping at a store and asking questions from a sales person. Pretend conversations are the most powerful method to learn any language so the moment you learn something create these pretend scenarios.

To memorize a new item so it becomes part of your long term memory requires its use for about 100 to 150 times. So when you have time, repeat and then repeat again. Don’t just repeat silently (although that is useful as well) but say out loud if the situation permits. Finally write the words and phrases which also helps memorize.

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 18 VOCABULARY

श�ावली

shabdaavalee

NOUNS

सं�ा

Sangya

NOUNS: PLACES

सं�ा: जगह, थान sangya: jagah, sthaan

the nation राजधानी (M) shahar दे श (F) raajadhaanee (M) desh the village the capitol गाँव the country संसद भवन (M) gaanv दे श (M) sansad bhavan (M) desh the place the city थान the state शहर (M) sthaan रा� (M) shahar (M) raajy the shopping center the town खरीददारी क� द्र the capital शहर (M) khareedadaaree kendr ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 19 काया�लय the bridge (M) kaaryaalay the metro station पुल मे ट� ो �ेशन (M) pul the market (M) metro steshan बाजार the river (M) baajaar the taxi नदी टै�ी (F) nadee the ticket (F) taiksee िटकट the sidewalk (F) tikat the taxi driver फ़ु टपाथ टै�ी ड�ाइवर (M) futapaath the ticket station (M) taiksee draivar िटकट �ेशन the fruit shop (M) tikat steshan the rush फल की दुकान भीड़ (F) phal kee dukaan the airplane (F) bheed हवाई जहाज the supermarket (M) havaee jahaaj the crowd सुपर बाज़ार भीड़ (M) supar baazaar the airport (F) bheed हवाई अ�ा the shopping mall (M) havaee adda the pollution शॉिपंग मॉल प्र दू षण (M) shoping mol the bus (F) pradooshan बस the building (F) bas the noise ईमारत शोर (F) eemaarat the bus station (M) shor बस �ेशन the home (M) bas steshan the park घर बगीचा (M) ghar the train (M) bageecha ट� ेन the school (F) tren the population िव�ालय जनसं�ा (M) vidyaalay the train station (M) janasankhya रे ल �ेशन the university (M) rel steshan the foreign country िव�िव�ालय िवदे श (M) vishvavidyaalay the metro (M) videsh मे ट� ो the office (F) metro the foreigner   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 20 िवदे शी अमरीकी (M) (F) videshee the street intersection (M) (F) amareekee सड़क चौराहे the immigrant (M) sadak chauraahe The United States आप्रवासी अमे�रका (M) (F) aapravaasee the traffic light (M) amerika यातायात ब�ी the beach (F) yaataayaat battee The Argentina समुद्र तट अज�टीना (M) samudr tat the street (M) arjenteena सड़क the city block (F) sadak The Argentinian शहर �ॉक अज�टीना (M) shahar blok the north (M) (F) arjenteena उ�र the stop Nor uttar The Brazil िवश्राम िच� ब्राजील (M) vishraam chihn the south (M) braajeel दि�ण the underground Nor dakshin The Brazilian भूिमगत ब्राजीिलयाई (M) bhoomigat the east (M) (F) braajeeliyaee पूव� the police Nor poorv The China पुिलस चीन (F) pulis the west (M) cheen पि�म the police-station Nor pashchim The Chinese पुिलस थाना चीनी (M) pulis thaana left (M) (F) chaeenee ब ा एं the court Nor baen The Colombia �ायालय कोलंिबया (M) nyaayaalay right (M) kolambiya दायाँ the judge Nor daayaan The Colombian �ायाधीश कोलंिबयाई (M) (F) nyaayaadheesh The America (M) (F) kolambiyaee अमे�रका the officer (M) amerika The Canada अफ़सर कनाडा (M) (F) afasar The American (M) kanaada ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 21 (M) bhaarat पुत�गाल The Canadian (M) purtagaal कनाडाई The Indian (M) (F) kanaadaee भारतीय Portuguese. (M) (F) bhaarateey पुत�गाली The Egypt (M) (F) purtagaalee िमस्र The Italy (M) misr इटली The Russia (M) italee �स The Egyptian (M) roos िमस्री The Italian (M) (F) misree इतालवी The Russian (M) (F) itaalavee �सी The England (M) (F) roosee इं ��ड The Japan (M) inglaind जापान The Spain (M) jaapaan �ेन The English (M) spen अंग्रेजी The Japanese (M) (F) angrejee जापानी The Spanish (M) (F) jaapaanee �ेिनश The France (M) (F) spenish फ़्रांस The Korea (M) fraans को�रया The Turkey (M) koriya टक� The French (M) tarkee फ्र� च The Korean (M) (F) phrench को�रयाई The Turkish (M) (F) koriyaee तुक� The Germany (M) (F) turkee जम�नी The Nigeria (M) jarmanee नाइजी�रया The Iran (M) naijeeriya ईरान The German (M) eeraan जम�न Nigerian. (M) (F) jarman नाइजी�रयाई Iranian (M) (F) naijeeriyaee ईरानी The India (M) (F) eeraanee भारत The Portugal

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 22

NOUNS: EDUCATION

सं�ा: िश�ा sangya: shiksha

the school the education िव�ालय िश�ा the classroom (M) vidyaala (F) shiksha क�ा the student (F) kaksha छात्र the profession (M) chhaatr; (F) chhaatraa पेशा the desk (M) pesha डे� the classmates (M) desk सहपाठी the tuition (M) (F) sahapaathee �ूशन the drawer (F) tyooshan दराज the principal (M) daraaj प्रधानाचाय� the scholarship (M) pradhaanaachaary छात्रवृि� the blackboard (M) chhaatravrtti �ैकबोड� the boss (M) blaikabord मािलक the test (M) maalik परी�ा the chalk (F) pareekshaa चाक the teacher (M) chaak िश�क the degree (M) shikshak िडग्री the eraser (F) digree रबड़ the class grade (M) rabad क�ा ग्रेड the building (F) kaksha gred ईमारत the question (F) eemaarat प्र� the university (M) prashn िव�िव�ालय the department (M) vishvavidyaalay िवभाग the answer (M) vibhaag उ�र ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 23 (M) uttar कलम (M) kalam the art the focus कला के � िबꅍदु the pencil (F) kala (M) kendr bindu प�िसल (F) pensil the literature the homework सािह� गृहकाय� the eraser (M) sahitya (M) grhakaary रबड़ (M) rabad the software the book सॉ�वेयर िकताब the notebook (M) sophtaveyar (F) kitaab िकताब (F) kitaab the science the internet िव�ान इं टरनेट the paper (M) vigyaan (M) intaranet कागज़ (M) kaagaz the mathematics the smartphone गिणत �ाट�फोन the telephone (M) ganit (M) smaartaphon टेलीफोन (M) teleephon the physics the story भौितक शा� कहानी the library (M) bhautik shaastr (F) kahaanee पु�कालय (M) pustakaalay the chemistry the sentence रसायनशा� वा� the page (M) rasaayanashaastr (M) vaaky प�ा (M) panna the accounting the word लेखांकन श� the chapter (M) lekhaankan (M) shabd अ�ाय (M) adhyaay the philosophy the letter त��ान पत्र the history (M) tattvagyaan (M) patr; (F) chithee इितहास (M) itihaas the religion the script धम� िलपी the law (M) dharm (F) lipee कानून (M) kaanoon the ethics the pen   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 24 नैितकता त� (F) naitikata the technology (M) tathya तकनीक the logic (F) takaneek the user त क� उपभो�ा (M) tark the newspaper (M) upabhokta समाचार पञ the doctrine (M) samaachaar pan the idea िस�ांत िवचार (M) siddhaant the magazine (M) vichaar पित्रका the economics (F) patrika the thought अथ�शा� सोच (M) arthashaastr the print (F) soch छाप the geography (M) chhaap the exam भूगोल परी�ा (M) bhoogol the photograph (F) pareeksha फ़ोटोग्राफ़ the music (F) fotograaf the map संगीत न�ा (M) sangeet the painting (M) naksha िचत्र the dance (M) chitr the direction नृ� िदशा (M) nrty the knowledge (F) disha �ान the poem (M) gyaan the area किवता �ेत्र (F) kavita the future (M) kshetr भिव� the poetry (M) bhavishy the mind किवता मन (F) kavita the past (M) man भूतकाल the world (M) bhootakaal the intelligence दुिनया बु��म�ा (F) duniya the present (M) buddhimatta वत�मान the information (M) vartamaan the ignorance सूचना अ�ानता (F) soochana the fact M agyaanata ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 25 आँकड़े the method (M) aankade the gymnasium प्रिक्रया �ायामशाला (F) prakriya the theory (M) vyaayaamashaala िस�ांत the problem (M) siddhaant the playground सम�ा क्रीड़ाथल (F) samasya the experiment (M) kreedaasthal प्रयोग the example (M) prayog the swimming pool उदाहरण तरण ताल (M) udaaharan the weekend (M) taran taal स�ाहांत the data (M) saptaahaant

NOUNS: WEATHER

सं�ा: मौसम sangya: mausam

the nature (M) mahenaa प्र कृ ित the hour (F) prakrti घंटा the year (M) ghanta वष� the time (M) varsh समय the day (M) samay िदन the decade (M) din दशक the second (M) dashak स ेकं ड the week (M) secand स�ाह the century (M) saptaah सदी the minute (F) sadee िमनट the month (M) minat महीना the millennium   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 26 सहस्रा�ी अप्रैल (F) sahasraabdee Monday (M) aprail सोमवार daytime (N) somavaar May िदन मई (F) din Tuesday (F) maee मंगलवार night (N) mangalavaar June रात जून (F) raat Wednesday (M) joon बुधवार the clock (N) budhavaar July घड़ी जुलाई (F) ghadee Thursday (M) julaee गु�वार the wristwatch (N) guroovaar August कलाई की घड़ी अग� (F) kalaee kee ghadee Friday (M) agast शुक्रवार the morning (N) shukravaar September सुबह िसतंबर (F) subah Saturday (M) sitambar शिनवार the afternoon (N) shanivaar October दोपहर अ �ू ब र (F) dopahar Sunday (M) aktoobar रिववार noon (N) ravivaar November दोपहर नवंबर (F) dopahar January (M) navambar जनवरी the evening (F) janavaree December शाम िदसंबर (F) shaam February (M) disambar फरवरी the nighttime (F) pharavaree the weather रात का समय मौसम (M) raat ka samay March (M) mausam माच� the midnight (M) maarch the climate आधी रात वातावरण (F) aadhee raat April (M) vaataavaran ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 27 कोहरा the spring (M) kohara the sand वसंत रे त (F) vasant the moon (F) ret चांद the summer (M) chaand the beach गम� समुद्र तट (F) garmee the planet (M) samudr tat ग्रह the rainy season (M) grah the stream बरसात का मौसम नाला (M) barasaat ka mausam the beginning (M) naalaa शु�वात the autumn (F) shuruvaat the lake पतझड़ झील (M) patajhad the end (F) jheel समा� the winter (M) samaapt the mountain सद� पहाड़ (F) sardee the hour (M) pahaad घंटा the earth (M) ghanta the forest पृ�ी जंगल (F) prthvee the minute (M) jangal िमनट the sun (M) minat the desert सूरज रेिग�ान (M) sooraj the star (M) registaan िसतारा the sunrise (M) sitaara the ice सूय�दय ब फ� (M) sooryoday the pond (F) barph तालाब the sunset (M) taalaab the snow सूया�� ब फ� (M) sooryaast the ocean (F) barph महासागर the clouds (M) mahaasaagar the rain बादल बा�रश (M) baadal the sea (F) baarish समुद्र the fog (M) samudr the heat   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 28 गम� गज�ना मछली (F) garmee (F) garjana (F) machhalee the cold he humidity the animals ठ� नमी जानवर (F) thand (F) namee (M) jaanavar the storm the tree the fruit तुफान पेड़ फल (M) tuphaan (M) ped (M) phal the lightning the bird the vegetable िबजली की चमक िचिड़या या प�ी स�ी (F) bijalee kee chamak (F) chidiya or pakshee (F) sabzee the thunder the fish

NOUNS: ANIMALS

सं�ा: पशु

sangya: pashu

the animals िब�ी (F) bhains जानवर (F) billee; (M) bilaa (M) jaanavar the pig the pet सुअर the squirrels पालतू पशु (M) suar िगलहरी (M) paalatoo pashu (F) gilaharee the rabbit the cow खरगोश the dog गाय (M) kharagosh कु � ा (F) gaay (M) kutta; (F) kuttee the horse the buffalo घोडा the cat भ�स (M) ghoda; (F) ghodee ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 29 मगरम� the elephant (M) magaramachchh the crow हाथी कौआ (M) haathee the lizard (M) kaua िछपकली the bear (F) chhipakalee the eagle भालू बाज (M) bhaaloo the snake (M) baaj सांप the lion (M) saamp the parrot शेर तोता (M) sher; (F) shernee the fish (M) tota मछली the tiger (F) machhalee the honey bee बाघ मधुम�ी (M) baagh the turtle (F) madhumakkhee क छु आ the monkey (M) kachhua the fly ब�र म�ी (M) bandar; F or bandree the donkey (F) makkhee गधा the puppy (M) gadha; (F) gadhee the mosquito िप�ा म�र (M) pilla the goat (M) machchhar बकरा the kitten (M) bakara; (F) bakree the ant िब�ी का ब�ा ची ंटी (M) billee ka bachcha the sheep (F) cheentee भेड़ the mouse (F) bhed the spider चूहा मकड़ी (M) chooha; (F) choohee the bird (F) makadee िचिड़या या प�ी the rat (F) chidiya the camel चूहा ऊं ट (M) chooha; (F) choohee the peacock (M) oont मोर the crocodile (M) mor; (F) mornee

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 30 NOUNS: BODY

सं�ा: शरीर sangya: shareer

body (F) daadhee tongue शरीर जुबान (M) shareer eyes (F) jubaan आंख� head (F) aankhen mute िसर गूंगा या गूंगी (M) sir blind (M) goongaa; (F) goongee अंधा face (M) andha; (F) andhee eyebrows चेहरा भौह� (M) chehara ears (M) bhauhen कान forehead (M) kaan neck माथा गरदन (M) maatha deaf (F) garadan बहरा hair (M) bahara; (F) behree throat बाल गला (M) baal nose (M) gala नाक straight hair (M) naak chest सीधे बाल छाती (M) seedhe baal lips (M) chhaatee होंठ curly hair (M) honth shoulders घुंघराले बाल कं ध े (M) ghungharaale baal mouth (M) kandhe मुंह mustache (M) munh arms मूंछ बाह� (F) moonchh teeth (F) baahen दांत beard (M) daant elbow दाढ़ी कोहनी ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 31 (F) kohanee bones (F) pair kee ungaliyon हि�यों hand (F) haddiyon feet हाथ पैर (M) haath chest (M) pair छाती grip (M) chhaatee lungs पकड़ फे फ ड़े (F) pakad back (M) phephade पीठ wrist (F) peeth heart कलाई िदल (F) kalaee stomach (M) dil पेट palm (M) pet kidneys हथेली गुद� (F) hathelee bellybutton (M) gurde नािभ fist (F) naabhee balance मु�ी संतुलन (F) mutthee thighs (M) santulan जांघ finger (M) jhaang flexible उं गली लचक (F) ungalee legs (F) lachak टांग� thumb (F) taangen fitness अंगूठा तंदुस्र्�ी (M) angootha knees (F) tandarustee घुटने nails (M) ghutane mental state नाखून मानिसक �थित (M) naakhoon ankle (F) maanasik sthiti टखने muscles (M) takhane emotional state मांसपेिशयों उ�ेिजत अवथा (F) maansapeshiyon toes (F) uttejit avastha पैर की उं गिलयों

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 32 NOUNS: ENTERTAINMENT

सं�ा: मनोरं जन sangya: manoranjan

the entertainment (M) abhineta the kiss मनोरंजन चुंबन (M) manoranjan the actress (F) chumban अिभनेत्री the film (F) abhinetree the tragedy िफ़� त्रासदी (F) film the star (F) traasadee िसतारा the television (M) sitaara the review टेलीिवज़न समी�ा (M) teleevizan the hero (F) sameekshaa हीरो the theater (M) heero the critic नाटकशाला आलोचक (F) naatakshaalaa heroine (M) aalochak नाियका the ticket (F) naayika the applause िटकट प्रशंसा (F) tikat the comedian (F) prashansa हा� अिभनेता the price (M) haasy abhineta the sports कीमत खेल (F) keemat the villain (M) khel खलनायक the reservation (M) khalanaayak the soccer आर�ण फु ट ब ा ल (F) aarakshan the fight (F) phutabaal लड़ाई the screen (F) ladaee the basketball �ीन बा�ेटबाल (F) skreen the romance (F) baasketabaal प्रेम लीला the actor (F) prem leela the baseball अिभनेता बेसबॉल ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 33 (F) besabol हार (F) haar the fun cricket मज़ा ि क्र के ट the training (M) maza (F) kriket प्रिश�ण (M) pareekshan the food the race भोजन दौड़ the coach (M) bhojan (F) daud प्रिश�क (M) prashikshak the restaurant the stadium भोजनालय खेल का मैदान the technique (M) bhojanaalay (M) khel ka maidaan तकनीक (F) takaneek the drinks the crowd पीने की चीज� भीड़ the skill (F) peeney kee cheezen (F) bheed कौशल (M) kaushal the cuisine the cheerleaders भोजन चीअरलीडर the referee (M) bhojan (F) cheearaleedar रे फ़री (M) (F) refaree the waiter the band बैरा ब�ड the penalty (M) baira (M) baind दं ड (M) dand the chef the competition रसोइया प्रितयोिगता the foul (M) rasoyeeyaa (F) pratiyogita जुमा�ना (M) jurmaanaa the menu the winner मेनू िवजेता the spectator (F) menoo (M) (F) vijeta दश�क (M) darshak the bar the loser बार परा� होने वाला the athlete (M) baar (M) paraast hone vaala �खलाड़ी (M) (F) khilaadee the alcohol the victory शराब जीत the celebration (F) sharaab (F) jeet आयोजन (M) aayojan the dance floor the defeat   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 34 नृ� फ़श� न�ा (M) nratya farsh train station (M) naksha रे लवे �ेशन the travel (M) relave steshan the monument यात्रा �ारक (F) yaatra the ship (M) smaarak जहाज the holidays (M) jahaaj the palace छु ि � य ां महल (F) chhuttiyan the sailboat (M) mahal सेलबोट the vacation (F) selabot the temple छु � ी मंिदर (F) chhuttee the airplane (M) mandir हवाई जहाज the voyage (M) havaee jahaaj the church यात्रा िगरजाघर (F) yaatra the airport (M) guirjaaghar हवाई अ�ा the journey (M) havaee adda the mosque यात्रा म��द (F) yaatra the pilot (F) masjid हवाई जहाज चालक the taxi (M) (F) havaee jahaaj the fort टै�ी chaalak िकला (F) taiksee (M) kila the flight attendant the taxi driver उड़ान प�रचारक the garden टै�ी ड�ाइवर (F) udaan parichaarak बगीचा (M) taiksee draivar (M) bageecha the luggage the bus सामान the hotel बस (M) saamaan होटल (F) bas (M) hotal the flight the bus stop िवमानयात्रा the check-in बस �ॉप (F) vimaanayaatra चेक-इन (M) bas stop (M) chek-in the airfare the train हवाई िकराया the health spa रे ल गाडी (M) havaee kiraaya �ा� �ा (F) rel gaadee (M) svaasthy spa the map ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 35 तनाव राहत (M) naachanevaala; (F) the massage (M) tanaav raahat naachanevaalee मािलश (F) maalish the festival the performer �ोहार प्रदश�न करने वाला sightseeing (M) tyohaar (M) pradarshan karane vaala पय�टन थलों का भ्रमण (M) paryatan sthalon ka the celebration the drama bhraman आयोजन नाटक (M) aayojan (M) naatak the scenery �� the ski trip the stage (M) drshya �ी यात्रा मंच (F) skee yaatra (M) manch the mountain पहाड़ the zoo the script (M) pahaad िचिड़याघर िलपी (M) chidiyaaghar (F) lipee the trek ट� ेक the art the play (M) trek कला नाटक (F) kala (M) naatak the ocean महासागर the culture the opera (M) mahaasaagar स ं�ृ ि त ओपेरा (F) sanskrti (M) opera the beach समुद्र तट the museum the orchestra (M) samudr tat संग्रहालय ऑ क� � � ा (M) sangrahaalay (M) orkestra the sights �� the artist the music (M) drshya कलाकार संगीत (M) (F) kalaakaar (M) sangeet the meditation �ान the painter the poet (M) dhyaan िचत्रकार किव (M) chitrakaar (M) (F) kavi the relaxation तनाव की छू ट the dancer the poetry (M) tanaav ki chhoot नाचनेवाला किवता (F) kavita the stress relief   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 36 the piano (M) jua िपयानो the audience (M) piyaano दश�क the electronic games (M) (F) darshak इले��ॉिनक खेल the violin (M) ilektronik khel वायोिलन the applause (M) vaayolin प्रशंसा the circus (F) prashansa स क� स the guitar (F) sarkas िगटार the casino (F) gitaar कैसीनो the card game (M) kaiseeno ताश का खेल the drums (M) taash ka khel ढोल the gambling (M) dhol जुआ

NOUNS: FOOD

सं�ा: भोजन sangya: bhojan

the food (M) seb the pineapple भोजन अनानास (M) bhojan the mango (M) anaanaas आम the fruits (M) aam the guava फल अम�द (M) phal the orange (M) amarood नारंगी the banana (F) naarangee the grapes के ल ा अंगूर (M) kela the lemon (M) angoor नी ंबू the apple (M) neemboo the watermelon सेब तरबूज ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 37 (M) tarabooj मटर (M) matar the ginger the papaya अदरक पपीता the green beans (M) adarak (M) papeeta हरी फलीयाँ (F) haree phaleeyaan the bread the coconut रोटी ना�रयल the spinach (F) rotee (M) naariyal पालक (M) paalak the lentils the sugar दाल चीनी the zucchini (F) daal (F) cheenee तोरी (F) toree the pickle the brown sugar अचार श�र the cucumber (M) achaar (F) shakkar खीरा (M) kheera the milk the honey दू ध शहद the okra (M) doodh (M) shahad िभंडी (F) bhindee the butter the salt म�न नमक the eggplant (M) makkhan (M) namak ब�गन (M) baingan the yogurt the vegetables दही स��यां the bell pepper (M) dahee (F) sabjiyaan िशमला िमच� (F) shimala mirch the clarified butter the soup घी शोरबा the red chili (M) ghee (M) shorba लाल िमच� (F) laal mirch the buttermilk the cauliflower छाछ फूलगोभी the onions (F) chhaachh (F) phoolagobhee �ाज (M) pyaaj the cheese the cabbage पनीर गोभी the garlic (M) paneer (F) gobhee लहसुन (M) lahasun the wine the peas   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 38 शराब काली िमच� (F) sharaab the steak (F) kaalee mirch �ेक the cake (M) stek the cumin के क जीरा (M) kek the pork (M) jeera सुवर का मांस the dessert (M) suvar ka maans the noodles िमठाई सेवईं (F) mithaee the fish (F) seveen मछली the pie (F) machhalee the pasta पाई पा�ा (F) paee the seafood (M) paasta समुद्री भोजन the biscuit (M) samudree bhojan the tea ि ब �ु ट चाय (M) biskut the spices (F) chaay मसाले the cork (M) masaale the coffee क ॉ क� कॉफ़ी (M) kork the oil (F) kofee तेल the meat (M) tel the milk मांस दू ध (M) maans the cardamom (M) doodh इलायची the chicken (F) ilaayachee the wheat मुगा� गे�ं (M) murga; (F) murgee the cloves (M) gehoon लौंग the beef (M) laung the rice गाय का मास चावल (M) gaay ka maas the cinnamon (M) chaaval दालचीनी the ham (F) daalacheenee the alcohol सुअर का मांस शराब (M) suar ka maans the turmeric (F) sharaab ह�ी the turkey (F) haldee the egg टक� अंडा (F) tarkee the black pepper (M) anda ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 39

NOUNS: HEALTH

सं�ा: �ा� sangya: svaasthy

the health अ�ताल सहानुभूित सेहत (M) aspataal (F) sahaanubhooti (F) sehat the gymnasium the smile the life �ायामशाला मु�ान जीवन (F) vyaayaamashaala (F) muskaan (M) jeevan the swimming pool the sleep the doctor तरण ताल नी ंद वै� (M) taran taal (F) neend (M) (F) vaidy the illness the smell the dentist बीमारी गंध द� िचिक�क (F) beemaaree (F) gandh (M) (F) dant chikitsak the drugs the taste the nurse औषिधयां �ाद दाई (F) aushadhiyaan (M) svaad (F) daee the depression the touch the clinic उदासी छु अ न िचिक�ालय (F) udaasee (M) chhuan (M) chikitsaalay the sympathy the hearing the hospital   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 40 सुनने की श�� मलम ज़हर (F) sunane kee shakti (F) malam (M) zahar the sneeze the injury the blood pressure छी ंक चोट खून दबाव (F) chheenk (F) chot (M) khoon dabaav the skin the blood the heart attack �चा खून िदल का दौरा (F) tvacha (M) khoon (M) dil ka daura the diagnosis the sore throat the health insurance िनदान गले म� दद� �ा� बीमा (M) nidaan (F) gale mein dard (M) svaasthy beema the pain the dental cavity the pill दद� दांत गुहा गोली (F) dard (F) daant guha (F) golee the fever the medicine the vitamin बुखार दवा िवटािमन (M) bukhaar (F) dava (F) vitaamin the headache the examination the nutrition िसरदद� परी�ा पोषण (F) siradard (F) pareeksha (M) poshan the cough the rest the injection खांसी आराम इं जे�न (F) khaansee (M) aaraam (M) injekshan the gender the prescription the bandage िलंग नु�ा प�ी (M) (F) ling (M) nuskha (F) pattee the itch the urine the surgery खुजली मूत्र शैलय िचिक�ा (F) khujalee (M) mootr (F) shailay chikitsa the ointment the poison

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 41

NOUNS: HOUSE

सं�ा: घर sangya: ghar

the home (F) manjil घर the left-side (M) ghar बायीं तरफ the streetlight Nor baayeen taraph सड़क की रोशनी the apartment (F) sadak kee roshanee अपाट�म�ट the right-side (M) apaartament द ा एं ओर the ceiling Nor daen or छत the location (F) chhat थान the bricks (M) sthaan ईंट� the roof (F) eenten छत the address (F) chhat पता the wood (M) pata लकड़ी the wall (F) lakadee िदवार the way (F) divaar रा�ा the cement (M) raasta सीम�ट the room (M) seement कमरा the gate (M) kamara �ार the door (M) dvaar दरवाज़ा the photograph (M) daravaaza फ़ोटोग्राफ़ the fence (F) fotograaf बाड़ the floor (F) baad मंिज़ल the frame (F) manzil फ्रे म the road (M) phrem सड़क the storey (F) sarhak मंिजल the furniture   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 42 असबाब अहाता (M) asabaab the electricity (M) ahaata िबजली the living room (F) bijalee the shade बैठक क� छाया (M) baithak kaksh the gas (M) chhaaya गैस the kitchen (F) gais the umbrella रसोई छाता (F) rasoee the heat (M) chhaata; (F) chatree गम� the bedroom (F) garmee the chair शयनक� कु स � (M) shayanakaksh the cool air (F) kursee ठं ड ी हवा the bathroom (F) thandee hava the table गुसलखाना मेज (M) gusalkhaanaa the guest (M) mej अितिथ the bath (M) atithi the sofa �ान सोफा (M) snaan the host (M) sopha मेज़बान the hall (M) mezabaan the carpet क� क़ालीन (M) kaksh the party (M) qaaleen पाट� the property (F) paartee the dining table संपि� खाने का मेज (F) sampatti the birth (M) khaane kaa mej ज� the landlord (M) janm the coffee table मकानमािलक कॉफी का मेज (M) makaanamaalik the birthday (M) kophee kaa mej ज� िदवस the faucet (M) janm divas the lamp नल लालटेन (M) nal the playroom (F) laalaten खेल का कमरा the water (M) khel kaa kamaraa the light पानी प्रकाश (M) paanee the yard (M) prakaash ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 43 टोकरी the window (F) tokaree the knife �खड़की च ा कू (F) khidakee the fire (M) chaakoo आग the curtain (F) aag the pot पदा� पतीला (M) parda the flame (M) pateelaa �ाला the television (F) jvaala the kettle टेलीिवज़न चाय का बत�न (M) teleevizan the matches (M) chaay ka bartan मािचस the stove (F) maachis the chopsticks चू�ा चॉप��� (M) choolha the cup (F) chopastiks �ाला the oven (M) pyaalaa the jar त ꅍ दू र मत�बान (M) tandoor the glass (M) martabaan िगलास the refrigerator (M) gilaas the box िफ्रज िड�ा (M) phrij the bottle (M) dibba बोतल the washing machine (F) botal the glass कपड़े धोने की मशीन कांच (F) kapade dhone kee the plates (M) kaanch masheen थाली (F) thaalee the dustbin the dryer कचरे का िड�ा ड� ा य र the ladle (M) kachare kaa dibbaa (M) draayar कड़छी (F) karhchhee the garbage the counter top कू ढ़ ा काउं टर टॉप the spoon (M) koodha (M) kauntar top च�च (M) chammach the broom the cabinet झाड़ू स ंदू क the fork (M) jhaadoo (M) sandook कांटा (M) kaantaa the dust the basket   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 44 धुल दप�ण या शीशा (F) dhul the leaves (M) darpan or sheeshaa प�े the towel (M) patte the metal तौिलया धातु (M) tauliya the bucket (F) dhaatu बा�ी the garden (F) baaltee the paint बगीचा रं ग (M) bageecha the tap (M) rang नल the grass (M) nal the makeup घास सजावट (F) ghaas the hanger (F) sajaawat ह�गर the flower-bed (M) haingar the comb िकआरी कं घ ी (F) kiaaree the candle (F) kanghee मोमब�ी the seed (F) momabattee the razor बीज उ�रा (M) beej the alarm (M) ustaraa अलाम� the tree (M) alaarm the soap पेड़ साबुन (M) ped the closet (M) saabun कोठरी the flowers (F) kotharee the toothpaste फू ल दं त मंजन (M) phool the computer (M) dant manjan कं � ूट र the flower pot (M) kampyootar the toothbrush फू ल का मटका टू थ ब्र श (M) phool ka matkaa the internet (M) toothabrash इं टरनेट the dirt (M) intaranet the flashlight गंदगी टॉच� (F) gandagee the cabinet (F) torch स ंदू क the plant (M) sandook the brush पौधा ब्रश (M) paudha the mirror (M) brash ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 45

the shampoo the sheet the blanket शै�ू चादर कं ब ल (M) shaimpoo (F) chaadar (M) kambal

the bed the pillow the quilt िब�र तिकया रजाई (M) bistar (M) takiya (F) rajaee

NOUNS: RELATIONS

सं�ा: संबंधी sangya: sambandhee

the man (F) auraten or mahilaen the husband आदमी पित (M) aadamee the people (M) pati लोग the men (M) log the wife आदमी प�ी (M) aadamee the relatives (F) patnee संबंधी the woman (M) (F) sambandhee the father औरत या मिहला िपता (F) aurat or mahilaa the family (M) pita प�रवार the women (M) parivaar the mother औरत� या मिहलाएं माता   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 46 (F) maata the granddaughter (F) mangetar पोती the son (F) potee the engagement बेटा सगाई (M) beta the nephew (F) sagaee भतीजा the daughter (M) bhateeja the wedding बेटी शादी (F) betee the niece (F) shaadee भतीजी the brother (F) bhateejee the marriage भाई िववाह (M) bhaee the age (M) vivaah उम्र या आयु the sister (F) umara or aayu the divorce बहन तलाक (F) bahan the birth (M) talaak ज� the grandfather (M) janm the married दादा जी िववािहत (M) daada jee the birthday (M) (F) vivaahit ज� िदवस the grandmother (M) janm divas the unmarried दादी माँ अिववािहत (F) daadee maan the friends (M) (F) avivaahit दो�ों the aunt (M) (F) doston the pregnant आंटी गभ�वती (F) aantee the girlfriend (F) garbhavatee िप्रयतमा the uncle (F) priyatama the widow चाचा िवधवा (M) chaacha the boyfriend (F) vidhava प्रेमी the grandson (M) premee the widower पोता िवधुर (M) potaa the fiancée (M) vidhur मंगेतर

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 47 NOUNS: WORK

सं�ा: काम

sangya: kaam

the work (M) vyaapaar काम the flight attendant (M) kaam the secretary उड़ान प�रचारक सिचव (M) (F) udaan parichaarak the job (M) (F) sachiv काम the hotel (M) kaam the accountant होटल लेखपाल (M) hotal the office (M) (F) lekhapaal काया�लय the staff (M) kaaryaalay the factory कम�चारी कारखाना (M) (F) karmachaaree the opening time (M) kaarakhaana खुलने का समय the cafe (M) khulne kaa samay the equipment कै फ़े उपकरण (M) kaife the closing time (M) upakaran बंद करने का समय the restaurant (M) band karne kaa samay the farm भोजनालय खेत (M) bhojanaalay the address (M) khet पता the chef (M) pata the farmer रसोइया िकसान (M) (F) rasoeeya the boss (M) (F) kisaan मािलक the cook (M) maalik the airport बावच� हवाई अ�ा (M) baavarchee the worker (M) havaee adda कम�चारी the waiter (M) (F) karmachaaree the pilot बैरा हवाई िवमान चालक (M) baira the business (M) (F) havaee vimaan �ापार chaalak the school   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 48 िव�ालय पुिलस मिहला (M) vidyaalay the manager (F) pulis mahila प्रबंधक the teacher (M) prabandhak; (F) -ika the robber िश�क ड ा कू (M) (F) shikshak the pharmacy (M) daakoo औषिध िव�ान the student (M) aushadhi vigyaan the thief छात्र चोर (M) chhaatr; (F) chhatraa the pharmacist (M) chor फामा�िस� the university (M) (F) phaarmaasist the crime िव�िव�ालय अपराध (M) vishvavidyaalay the hospital (M) aparaadh अ�ताल the professor (M) aspataal the court प्र ो फ़े सर �ायालय (M) (F) profesar the clinic (M) nyaayaalay िचिक�ालय the laboratory (M) chikitsaalay the lawyer प्रयोगशाला वकील (F) prayogashaala the ambulance (M) vakeel ए�ुले� the scientist (F) embulens the judge वै�ािनक �ायाधीश (M) (F) vaigyaanik the doctor (M) nyaayaadheesh िचिक�क the bank (M) chikitsak the prison ब�क जेल (M) baink the nurse (F) jel दाई the banker (F) daee the penalty ब�कर दं ड (M) bainkar the police station (M) dand पुिलस थाना the grocery store (M) pulis thaana the shopping mall िकराने की दुकान शॉिपंग मॉल (F) kiraane kee dukaan the policeman (M) shoping mol पुिलसवाला the fruit seller (M) pulisavaala the clothing store फल ि व क्रे ता कपड़ों की दुकान (M) phal vikreta the policewoman (F) kapadon kee dukaan ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 49 समाचार पञ the salesman (M) samaachaar pan the training ि व क्रे ता ट� ेि नं ग (M) vikreta the advertisement (F) trening िव�ापन the saleswoman (M) vigyaapan the expense मिहला ि व क्रे ता खच� (F) mahila vikreta the editor (M) kharch संपादक the inventory (M) (F) sampaadak the society सूची समाज (F) soochee the journalist (M) samaaj पत्रकार the security guard (M) patrakaar the community सुर�ा गाड� समुदाय (M) suraksha gaard the interview (M) samudaay सा�ा�ार the engineer (M) saakshaatkaar the charity अिभयंता परोपकार (M) (F) abhiyanta the goal (M) paropakaar ल� the garage (M) lakshy the taxi driver गैराज टै�ी ड�ाइवर (F) gairaaj the income (M) taiksee draivar आमदनी the mechanic (F) aamdanee the laborer िम�री म ज दू र (M) (F) mistaree the contract (M) majadoor अनुबंध the electrician (M) anubandh the gardener इ ले �� ी ि श य न माली (M) (F) ilektreeshiyan the signature (M) maalee; (F) maalin ह�ा�र the plumber (M) hastaakshar the forecaster नलसाज अ ग्र दू त (M) nalasaaj the agreement (M) agradoot करार the carpenter M) karaar the shopkeeper बढ़ई दुकानदार (M) badhee the investment (M) (F) dukaanadaar िनवेश the newspaper (M) nivesh the ship   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 50 जहाज (M) (F) daakiya (M) jahaaj the airplane the letter हवाई जहाज the fishing पत्र (M) havaee jahaaj मछली पकड़ना (M) patr (M) machhalee pakadana the petrol the stamp पे ट� ो ल the fisherman डाक िटकट (M) petrol म छु आ (F) daak tikat (M) machhua the equipment the parking lot उपकरण the harbor पािक�ग थल (M) upakaran ब�रगाह (M) paarking sthal (F) bandaragaah the hunter the builder िशकारी the market बनाने वाला (M) shikaaree बाजार (M) banaane vaala (M) baajaar the manufacturer the hotel उतपादक the shop होटल (M) utapaadak दुकान (M) hotal (F) dukaan the domestic servant the rent घरे लू नौकर या नौकरानी the post office िकराया (M) ghareloo naukar; (F) डाक घर (M) kiraaya naukraanee (M) daak ghar the boat the store-owner the mail नाव दुकान मािलक डाक (F) naav (M) dukaan maalik (F) daak the bus the painter the envelope बस िचत्रकार िलफ़ाफ़ा (F) bas (M) chitrakaar (M) lifaafa the train the salary the postman ट� ेन तन�ाह डािकया (F) tren (F) tanakhvaah

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 51 NOUNS: WEARABLES

सं�ा: पहनने की चीज�

sangya: pahanane kee cheejen

the shopping mall (F) oon the earrings शॉिपंग मॉल कान की बाली (M) shoping mol the silk (F) kaan kee baalee रे शम the salesman (F) resham the bangles ि व क्रे ता चूिड़यां (M) vikreta the tailor (F) choodiyaan दज� या दज�न the saleswoman (M) darjee; (F) darjan the diamond मिहला ि व क्रे ता हीरा (F) mahila vikreta the dress (M) heera पोशाक the clothes (M) poshaak the bracelet कपडे हाथ का कड़ा (M) kapade the skirt (M) haath ka kada घाघरा the jewelry (M) ghaaghara the wristwatch गहने कलाई घड़ी (M) gahane the gold (F) kalaee ghadee सोना the cloth (M) sona the purse कपडा बटुआ (M) kapada the silver (M) batua चांदी the fabric (F) chaandee the bag कपड़ा थैला (M) kapada the necklace (M) thaila गले का हार the cotton (M) gale kaa haar the shirt कपास कमीज (F) kapaas the ring (F) kameej अंगूठी the wool (F) angoothee the button ऊन बटन   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 52 (M) batan (M) chhaata; (F) chhatree the shoes the pants जूते या जूती the needle पतलून (M) joote; (F) jootee सुई (F) pataloon (F) suee the sandals the jacket च�ल� the thread ज ैके ट (F) chappalen धागा (F) jaiket (M) dhaagaa the slippers the coat च�ल the price कोट (F) chappal कीमत (M) kot (F) keemat the socks the overcoat मोज़े the size ओवरकोट (M) moze आकार (M) ovarakot (M) aakaar the underwear the suit नीचे पहनने के कपड़े the style सूट (M) neeche pahanane ke शैली (M) soot kapade (F) shailee the sweater the undergarments the fashionable jacket �ेटर नीचे पहनने के कपड़े फै श न ेब ल ज ैके ट (M) svetar (M) neeche pahanane ke (F) phaishanebal jaiket kapade the belt the color पेटी the cap रं ग (F) petee टोपी (M) (F) rang (F) topee the turban the fit पगड़ी the hat सटीक (F) pagadee टोपी या टोप (F) sateek (F) topee; (M) top the tie the fitting room टाई the umbrella िफिटंग �म (F) taee छाता या छतरी (M) phiting room

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 53 NOUNS: POLITICS

सं�ा: राजनीितक

sangya: raajaneetik

the government (M) saamyavaad the prince सरकार राजकुमार (F) sarakaar the flag (M) raajakumaar झंडा the politics (M) jhanda the princess राजनीित राजकुमारी (F) raajaneeti the national anthem (F) raajakumaaree रा�� - गीत the democracy (M) raashtr - geet the politician लोकतंत्र राजनीित� (M) lokatantr the minister (M) raajaneetigy मंत्री the election (M) (F) mantree the Army चुनाव सेना (M) chunaav the president (F) sena रा�� पित the dictatorship (M) (F) raashtrapati the Navy तानाशाही नौसेना (F) taanaashaahee the prime minister (F) nausena प्रधानमंत्री the monarchy (M) (F) pradhaanamantree the Air Force राज-तंत्र वायु सेना (M) raaj tantra the parliament speaker (F) vaayu senaa संसद अ�� the capitalism (M) (F) sansad adhyaksh the general पूंजीवाद जनरल (M) poonjeevaad the king (M) janaral राजा the socialism (M) raaja the commander समाजवाद कमांडर (M) samaajavaad the queen (M) kamaandar रानी the communism (F) raanee the political power सा�वाद राजनीितक श��   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 54 (F) raajaneetik shakti the wealth the human rights धन the organization मानवािधकार (M) dhan संगठन (M) maanavaadhikaar (M) sangathan the environment civil rights पया�वरण the bank नाग�रक अिधकार (M) paryaavaran ब�क (M) naagarik adhikaar (M) baink the employment the policy रोज़गार the court नीित (M) rozagaar �ायालय (F) neeti (M) nyaayaalay the responsibility the independence िज�ेदारी the political party �तंत्रता (F) jimmedaaree राजनीितक दल (F) svatantrata (M) raajaneetik dal the corruption the prison भ्र�ाचार the mayor जेल (M) bhrashtaachaar महापौर (F) jel (M) (F) mahaapaur the honesty the strategy ईमानदारी the legal rights रणनीित (F) eemaanadaaree कानूनी अिधकार (F) rananeeti (M) kaanoonee adhikaar

VERBS

िक्रया

kriya

to be hona to say होना कहना hona to do kahana करना to have karana to go होना जाना ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 55 jaana सपने दे खना sapane dekhana to come to return आना लौटना to wake up aana lautana जगाना jagaana to arrive can आना कर सकते ह� to smile aana kar sakate hain म ु�ु र ा न ा muskuraana to be happy to eat खुश रहना खाना to laugh khush rahana khaana हंसना hansana to welcome to chew �ागत करना चबाना to cry svaagat karana chabaana रोना rona could to drink सकता है पीना would sakata hai peena होगा hoga to want to ask चाहना पूछना to make chaahana poochhana बनाना banaana to look to answer दे खना जवाब दे ना to know dekhana javaab dena जानना jaanana to exercise to get अ�ास करना लेना to think abhyaas karana lena सोचना sochana to practice to rest अ�ास करना आराम करना to take abhyaas karana aaraam karana लेना lena to dance to sleep नाचना सोना to see naachana sona दे खना dekhana to inhale to dream   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 56 सांस लेना बात करना saans lena to need baat karana ज�रत होना to exhale jaroorat hona to turn सांस िनकालना मुड़ना saans nikaalana to feel mudana महसूस करना to use mahasoos karana to start उपयोग करना शु� करना upayog karana to become shuroo karana बनना to find banana to show ढूँढ़ना िदखाना dhoondhana to leave dikhaana चले जाना to give chale jaana to hear दे ना सुनना dena to put sunana रखना to tell rakhana to play बताना खेलना bataana to mean khelana मतलब होना to work matalab hona to run काम करना दौड़ना kaam karana to keep dorhna रखना may rakhana to climb हो सकता है चढ़ना ho sakata hai to begin chadhana शु� करना should shuroo karana to get down चािहए नीचे उतरना chaahie to seem neeche utarana लगना to call lagna to kick बुलाना लात मारना bulaana to help laat maarana मदद करना to try madad karana to jump कोिशश करना कू द न ा koshish karana to talk koodana ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 57 सीखना to move seekhana to lose िहलाना खोना hilaana to teach khona िसखाना to plan sikhaana to gain योजना बनाना हािसल करना yojana banana to study haasil karana पढ़ना to buy padhana to quit खरीदना छोड़ना khareedana to believe chhodana िव�ास करना to sell vishvaas karana to meet बेचना ि◌मलना bechana to hold milana पकड़ना to pay pakarhna to contact भुगताना स ंप क� करने के िलए bhugataana to bring sampark karane ke lie लाना to fit laana to include िफट करना समािव� करना phit karana must samaavisht karana ज�र to pick up jaroor to continue उठाना जारी रखना uthaana to write jaaree rakhana िलखना to pack likhana to change पैक करना बदलना paik karana to provide badalana उपल� कराना to like upalabdh karaana to lead पसंद करना नेतृ� करना pasand karana to sit netrtv karana बैठना to live baithana to understand जीना समझना jeena to stand samajhana खड़े होना to learn kharhe hona to watch   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 58 दे खना पैदल चलना dekhana to spend paidal chalana खच� करना to search kharch karana to win खोजना जीतना khojana to lend jeetana उधार दे ना to follow udhaar dena to send पीछा करना भेजना peechha karana to borrow bhejana उधार लेना to stop udhaar lena to offer रोकना दे ना rokana to wear dena पहनना to create pahanana to introduce बनाना प�रचय दे ना banaana to smoke parichay dena धूम्रपान करना to speak dhoomrapaan karana to remember बोलना याद करना bolana to earn yaad karana कमाना to sing kamaana to forget गाना भूल जाना gaana to cook bhool jaana पकाना to read pakaana to love पढ़ना �ार करना padhana to grow pyaar karana बढ़ाना to write badhaana to marry िलखना िववाह करना likhana to open vivaah karana खोलना to allow kholana to appear अनुमित दे ना उप�थत होना anumati dena to close upasthit hona बंद करना to add band karana to buy जोड़ना खरीदना jodana to walk khareedana ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 59 ठहरना to wait thaharana to decide प्रती�ा करना तय करना prateeksha karana to begin tay karana शु� करना to serve shuroo karana to explain सेवा करना समझाना seva karna to finish samajhaana ख� करना to die khatm karana to complain मरना िशकायत करना marana to end shikaayat karana समा� होना to ride samaapt hona to depend सवारी करना िनभ�र होना savaaree karana to consider nirbhar hona िवचार करना to build vichaar karana to enter बनानेा प्रवेश करना banaana to expect pravesh karana अपे�ा करना to stay apeksha karana to perform रहना प्रदश�न करना rahana to wish pradarshan karana इ�ा करना to fall ichchha karana to indicate िगरना स ंके त दे ना girana to communicate sanket dena संप्रेिषत करना to cut sampreshit karana to wrap काटना लपेटना kaatana to discuss lapetana चचा� करना to reach charcha karana to suggest प�चना सुझाव दे ना pahuchana to chat sujhaav dena बातचीत करना to kill baatacheet karana to recommend मारना िसफा�रश करना maarana to converse siphaarish karana बातचीत करना to remain baatacheet karana to survive   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 60 जीिवत रहना झ ा डू लगाना jeevit rahana to relax jhaadoo lagaana आराम करना to appreciate aaraam karana to blow सराहना फू ं क मारना saraahana to replace phoonk maarana बदलना to compare badalana to dry तुलना करना सुखाना tulana karana to change sukhaana बदलना to imagine badalana to hang क�ना करना लटकाना kalpana karana to travel latakaana यात्रा करना to manage yaatra karana to reflect प्रबंधन करना िवचारना prabandhan karana to emphasize vichaarana जोर दे ना to differ jor dena to anticipate असहमत होना उ�ीद करना asahamat hona to recite ummeed karna िजक्र करना to encourage jikr karana to assume प्रो�ािहत करना क�ना करना protsaahit karana to enable kalpana karana स�म करना to expand saksham karana to engage िव�ार करना संल� करना vistaar karana to operate sanlagn karana संचािलत करना to prove sanchaalit karana to enhance सािबत करना बढ़ाना saabit karana to wipe badhaana पोंछना to react ponchhna to examine प्रितिक्रया करना जांच करना pratikriya karana to clean jaanch karana साफ करना to recognize saaph karana to install पहचानना थािपत करना pahachaanana to sweep sthaapit karana ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 61 तड़पना to participate tadapna to ought भाग लेना करना चािहये bhaag lena to throw karana chahiye फ़े � ा to intend fekna to possess मित करना क�ा करना mati karana to acquire kabja karana प्रा� करना to relate praapt karana to relieve संबंिधत करना राहत दे ना sambandhit karana to adapt raahat dena अ न ुकू ि ल त करना to settle anukoolit karana to retain समाधान करना बनाए रखना samaadhaan karana to adjust banae rakhana समायोिजत करना to assure samaayojit karana to shut भरोसा दे ना बंद करना bharosa dena to argue band karana बहस करना to attract bahas karana to calculate आकिष�त करना िहसाब करना aakarshit karana to arise hisaab karana जागना to distribute jaagana to consult िवभािजत करना परामश� करना vibhaajit karana to encourage paraamarsh karana प्रो�ािहत करना to overcome protsaahit karana to deliver काबू करना प�ँचाना kaaboo karana to incorporate pahunchaana शािमल करना to owe shaamil karana to extend कज�दार होना िव�ार करना karjadaar hona to justify vistaar karana उिचत ठहराना to succeed uchit thaharaana to investigate सफल होना जांच करना saphal hona to organize jaanch karana आयोिजत करना to suffer aayojit karana to negotiate   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 62 बातचीत करना घोषणा करना baatacheet karana to establish ghoshana karana थािपत करना to qualify sthaapit karana to apologize यो� होना माफी माँगना yogy hona to imply maaphee maangana लागू करना to retire laagoo karana to approve सेवा िनवृ� होना � ी कृ त करना seva nivrtt hona to insist sveekrt karana ज़ोर दे ना to rid zor dena to attend छु ट क ा र ा िदलाना भाग लेना chhutakaara dilaana to pursue bhaag lena पीछा करना to weigh peechha karana to belong तौलना सद� बनना taulana to specify sadasy banana िव�ृत िववरण दे ना to attach vistrt vivaran dena to commit लगाना प्रितब� करना lagaana to warn pratibaddh karana चेतावनी दे ना to behave chetaavanee dena to criticize �वहार करना आलोचना करना vyavahaar karana to accuse aalochana karana दोष लगाना to celebrate dosh lagaana to deserve ज� मनाना लायक होना jashn manaana to admire laayak hona सराहना करना to convince saraahana karana to destroy राजी करना न� करना raajee karana to admit nasht karana �ीकार करना to agree sveekaar karana to hesitate सहमत होना संकोच करना sahamat hona to adopt sankoch karana अपनाना to disagree apanaana to illustrate असहमत होना िचित्रत करना asahamat hona to announce chitrit karana ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 63 माना की to inform maana kee to shout out सूिचत करना िच�ाना soochit karana to translate chillaana अनुवाद करना to discover anuvaad karana to promote खोज करना बढ़ावा दे ना khoj karana to support badhaava dena समथ�न के िलए to manufacture samarthan ke lie to integrate िनरमाण करना जोड़ना nirmaan karana to generate jodana पैदा करना to produce paida karana to pass through उ�ादन करना गुज़रना utpaadan karana to put away guzarana हटाना to persuade hatana to catch up मनाना पकड़ना manaana to fix pakadna ठीक करना to pour theek karana to assign भरना आवंिटत करना bharana to dispose aavantit karana िनपटाना to propose nipataana to learn प्र�ाव रखना सीखना prastaav rakhana to cry seekhana रोना to remind rona to lay याद िदलाना रखना yaad dilaana to lift rakhana उठाना to miss uthaana to cut याद करना काटना yaad karna to prefer kaatana पसंद करना to submit pasand karana to live जमा करना जीना jama karana to enjoy jeena मजा लेना to suppose maja lena to prevent   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 64 रोकना बात करना rokana to replace baat karana बदलना to vanish badalana to demonstrate गायब होना प्रदिश�त करना gaayab hona to describe pradarshit karana �ा�ा करना to advance vyaakhya karana to contribute आगे बढ़ना योगदान दे ना aage badhana to analyze yogadaan dena िव�ेषण करना to cost vishleshan karana to match कीमत लगाना मेल करना keemat lagana to confirm mel karana पुि� करना to take care of pushti karana to import देखभाल करना आयात करना dekhabhaal karana to complete aayaat karana पूरा करना to interest poora karana to export िदलच�ी होना दू स रे दे श म� भेजना dilchaspee hona to return doosare desh mein bhejana लौटना to dedicate lautana to identify समिप�त करना पहचान करना samarpit karana to be enough pahachaan karana काफी होना to watch kaaphee hona to dine दे खना खाना खाना dekhana to promise khaana khaana वादा करना to cover vaada karana to lend ढकना उधार दे ना dhakana to purchase udhaar dena खरीदना to compose khareedana to catch रचना करना पकड़ना rachana karana to download pakadana डाउनलोड करना to drive daunalod karana to turn on गाड़ी चलाना चालू करना gaadee chalaana to talk chaaloo karana ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 65 पीना to shoot peena to last गोली चलाना अंत तक चलना golee chalaana to designate ant tak chalana मनोनीत करना to characterize manoneet karana to master वण�न करना महारत हािसल करना varnan karana to hide mahaarat haasil karana छुपाना to face chhupaana to anticipate सामना करना उ�ीद करना saamana karana to vary ummeed karana बदलना to declare badalana to visit घोिषत करना पास जाना ghoshit karana to run paas jaana दौड़ना to note daudana to comment �ान दे ना िट�णी करना dhyaan dena to adopt tippanee karana अपनाना to quote apanaana to improve उ�रण दे ना सुधार करना uddharan dena to control sudhaar karana िनयंत्रण करना to feed niyantran karana to found �खलाना थापना करना khilaana to act sthaapana karana काय� करना to provide kaary karana to invite उपल� कराना आमंित्रत करना upalabdh karaana to answer aamantrit karana जवाब दे ना to save javaab dena to protect बचाना बचाना bachaana to introduce bachaana प�रचय दे ना to fit parichay dena to pull िफट करना खीचना phit karana to take care kheechana देखभाल करना to drink dekhabhaal karana to install   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 66 थािपत करना झगडना sthaapit karana to evaluate jhagadana मू� लगाना to limit mooly lagaana to insist सीि◌मत करना ज़ोर दे ना seeimat karana to refuse zor dena मना करना to fill mana karana to spread भरना फ़ै ल न ा bharana to suggest failana सुझाव दे ना to deserve sujhaav dena to agree लायक होना सहमत होना laayak hona to worry sahamat hona िचंता करना to secure chinta karana to recall सुरि�त करना याद करना surakshit karana to justify yaad karana उिचत ठहराना to grant uchit thaharaana to respect अनुदान करना स�ान करना anudaan karana to impose sammaan karana थोपना to succeed thopana to reflect सफल होना िवचारना saphal hona to decrease vichaarana कम करना to separate kam karana to dispute अलग होना िववाद करना alag hona to increase vivaad karana बढाना to vote badhaana to deter मतदान करना रोकना matadaan karana to attack rokana आक्रमण करना to join aakraman karana to transmit शािमल होना प्रसा�रत करना shaamil hona to fight prasaarit karana लड़ना to deny ladana to charge मना करना प्रभािवत करना mana karana to quarrel prabhaavit karana ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 67 प्रभािवत करना to drag prabhaavit karana to jump खी ंचना कू द न ा kheenchana to release koodana छोड़ना to arrange chhodana to spend �वथा करना खच� करना vyavastha karana to aim kharch karana ल� बनाना to fear lakshy banaana to repair डरना मर�त करना darana to manifest marammat karana प्रगट करना to exchange pragat karana to drop अदला बदली करना छोड़ना adala badalee karana to dawn chhodana सुबह होना to destroy subah hona to mount न� करना चढ़ना nasht karana to register chadhana पंजीकरण करना to recover panjeekaran karana to sign ठीक होना ह�ा�र करना theek hona to fly hastaakshar karana उड़ना to subtract udana to approve घटाना � ी कृ त करना ghataana to proceed sveekrt karana आगे बढ़ना to break aage badhana to invest तोड़ना िनवेश करना todana to delay nivesh karana दे री करना to calculate deree karana to influence िहसाब करना प्रभािवत करना hisaab karana to exceed prabhaavit karana पार करना to threaten paar karana to sustain धमकाना बनाए रखना dhamakaana to criticize banae rakhana आलोचना करना to affect aalochana karana to invent   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 68 अिव�ार करना अलग होना avishkaar karana to listen alag hona सुनना to distinguish sunana to derive भेद करना प्रा� करना bhed karana to employ praapt karana नौकरी दे ना to oppose naukaree dena to steal िवरोध करना चोरी करना virodh karana to distribute choree karana िवभािजत करना to escape vibhaajit karana to rob बच िनकला डाका डालना bach nikala to spread daaka daalana फ़ैलाना to resist failaana to command रोकना िनद�श करना rokana to issue nirdesh karana जारी करना to commit jaaree karana to complain प्रितब� करना िशकायत करना pratibaddh karana to base shikaayat karana आधार रखना to paint aadhaar rakhana to move रं ग लगाना िहलाना rang lagaana to operate hilaana संचािलत करना to film sanchaalit karana to negotiate िफ� बनाना बातचीत करना philm banaana to prove baatacheet karana सािबत करना to measure saabit karana to carry मापना उठाना maapana to hurt uthaana चोट प�ँचाना to interrupt chot pahunchaana to explore बािधत करना पता लगाना baadhit karana to estimate pata lagaana अनुमान लगाना to organize anumaan lagaana to play आयोिजत करना खेलना aayojit karana to break up khelana ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 69 राज खोलना to convince raaj kholana to warn राजी करना चेतावनी दे ना raajee karana to clarify chetaavanee dena �� करना to concentrate spasht karana to dance मन एकाग्र करना नाचना man ekaagr karana to attach naachana लगाना to react lagaana to investigate प्रितिक्रया करना जांच करना pratikriya karana to move jaanch karana िहलाना या हटना to stress hilaana or hatana to originate तनाव होना उ�न करना tanaav hona to record utpan karana �रकॉड� करना to facilitate rikord karana to surprise आसान बनाना चिकत करना aasaan banaana to report chakit karana बताना to interpret bataana to err अनुवाद करना गलत करना anuvaad karana to wait galat karana प्रती�ा करना to reinforce prateeksha karana to accumulate सहायता करना संग्रह करना sahaayata karana to resume sangrah karana िफर से शु� करना to play phir se shuroo karana to satisfy खेलना संतु� करना khelana to make santusht karana बनाना to imply banaana to tend िनिहत करना देखभाल करना nihit karana to stare dekhabhaal karana ताकना to resort taakana to need सहारा लेना ज�रत होना sahaara lena to dream jaroorat hona सपने दे खना to expose sapane dekhana to awaken   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 70 जगाना श� लेने jagaana to draw shastr lene आकिष�त करना to translate aakarshit karana to bend अनुवाद करना मोड़ना anuvaad karana to condemn modana िनंदा करना to drop ninda karana to drop छोड़ना उतारना chhodana to inspire utaarana प्रे�रत करना to exclaim prerit karana to delete पुकारना न� करना pukaarana to choose nasht karana चुनना to investigate chunana to proceed जांच करना आगे बढ़ना jaanch karana to confess aage badhana कबूल करना to grab kabool karana to require पकड़ना आव�कता होनी pakadana to record aavashyakata honee �रकॉड� करना to order rikord karana to fight आदे श दे ना लड़ना aadesh dena to admire ladana प्रशंसा करना to ignore prashansa karana to eliminate अनदे खा करना खतम करना anadekha karana to harm khatam karana नुकसान करना to rule nukasaan karana to collaborate राज करना सहयोग दे ना raaj karana to shake sahayog dena िहलाना to experiment hilaana to reside प्रयोग करना रहना prayog karana to mutter rahana बुदबुदाना to support budabudaana to request समथ�न करना अनुरोध करना samarthan karana to arm anurodh karana ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 71 �ान दे ना to preserve dhyaan dena to summon स�ाल कर रखना बुलाना sambhaal kar rakhana to benefit bulaana लाभ दे ना to claim laabh dena to hit दावा करना मारना daava karana to burn maarana जलाना to forbid jalaana to mix मना करना िमलाना mana karana to survive milaana जीिवत रहना to forward jeevit rahana to dismiss अ◌ागे करना खा�रज करना aaage karana to adapt khaarij karana अ न ुकू ि ल त करना to raise anukoolit karana to overcome उठाना काबू पाना uthaana to place kaaboo paana रखना to modify rakhana to review बदलना समी�ा करना badalana to project sameeksha karana दशा�ना to match darshaana to guide मेल करना िनद�िशत करना mel karana to reject nirdeshit karana अ�ीकार करना to rank asveekaar karana to cheer पदों पर लगाना खुश करना padon par lagaana to shake khush karana िहलाना to display hilaana to settle प्रदिश�त करना समाधान करना pradarshit karana to wash samaadhaan karana धोना to check dhona to enable जाँच करना स�म करना jaanch karana to attend saksham karana भाग लेना to contemplate bhaag lena to provide   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 72 उपल� कराना सोक लेना upalabdh karaana to sleep sok lena सोना to inaugurate sona to preside उ द् घ ा ट न करना अ��ता करना udghaatan karana to emphasize adhyakshata karana जोर दे ना to kiss jor dena to include चुंबना समािव� करना chumbana to conceive samaavisht karana अनुमान लगाना to authorize anumaan lagaana to address प्रािधकृत करना संबोिधत करना praadhikrt karana to appreciate sambodhit karana सराहना to undo saraahana to dwell पूव�वत करना बस जाना poorvavat karana to argue bas jaana बहस करना to convert bahas karana to obey बदलना पालन करना badalana to confuse paalan karana उलझाना to consume ulajhaana to worship उपभोग करना पूजा करना upabhog karana to force pooja karana मजबूर करना to encourage majaboor karana to trick प्रो�ािहत करना चकमा दे ना protsaahit karana to breathe chakama dena साँस लेना to rest saans lena to dodge आराम करना बच िनकलना aaraam karana to submit bach nikalana जमा करना to walk jama karana to compete पैदल चलना मुकाबला करना paidal chalana to locate mukaabala karana पता लगाना to trust pata lagaana to surround िव�ास करना घेर लेना vishvaas karana to absorb gher lena ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 73 पार करना to regulate paar karana to suspect िविनयिमत करना संदे ह करना viniyamit karana to chase sandeh karana पीछा करना to illuminate peechha karana to correct रोशन करना सही करना roshan karana to mourn sahee karana शोक मनाना to shine shok manaana to extend चमकाना िव�ार करना chamakaana to die vistaar karana मरना to compromise marana to render समझौता करना सौंपना samajhauta karana to scare saumpana डराना to report daraana to protest बताना िवरोध करना bataana to intervene virodh karana ह��ेप करना to preach hastakshep karana to disappear उपदे श दे ना गायब होना upadesh dena to bet gaayab hona शत� लगाना to push shart lagaana to inquire ध�ा दे ना पूछताछ करना dhakka dena to finance poochhataachh karana धन दे ना to enlarge dhan dena to hang बड़ा करना लटकाना bada karana to shoot latakaana गोली मारना to recommend golee maarana to smell िसफा�रश करना सूंघना siphaarish karana to dive soonghana गोते मारना to anticipate gote maarana to cover उ�ीद करना ढकना ummeed karana to incorporate dhakana शािमल करना to cross shaamil karana to roll   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 74 लुढ़कना अ�र डालना ludhakana to pray andar daalana प्राथ�ना करना to complain praarthana karana to lend िशकायत करना उधार दे ना shikaayat karana to reserve udhaar dena आरि�त करना to delete aarakshit karana to elaborate न� करना समझाना nasht karana to examine samajhaana जांच करना to kick jaanch karana to suspend लात मारना िनलंबन करना laat maarana to roll nilamban karana लुढ़कना to bury ludhakana to list दफनाना सूची बनाना daphanaana to rain soochee banaana बा�रश होना to celebrate baarish hona to extend ज� मनाना िव�ार करना jashn manaana to celebrate vistaar karana ज� मनाना to lead jashn manaana to straighten नेतृ� करना सीधा करना netrtv karana to forgive seedha karana माफ करना to please maaph karana to add खुश करना जोड़ना khush karana to fill jodana भरना to spin bharana to verify घुमाना जांचना ghumaana to risk jaanchana संकट म� डालना to train sankat mein daalana to deposit िसखाना जमा करना sikhaana to know jama karana जानना to apologize jaanana to administer माफी माँगना प्रशासन करना maaphee maangana to insert prashaasan karana ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 75 ज�ी करना to peek jaldee karana to converge झांकना इक�े होना jhaankana to shrink ikatthe hona छोटा करना to extract chhota karana to favor िनकालना प� लेना nikaalana to stress paksh lena तनाव होना to hide tanaav hona to plant छुपाना रोपना chhupaana to fail ropana असफल होना to frighten asaphal hona to penetrate डराना घुसेड़ना daraana to tear ghusedana फट जाना to pretend phat jaana to reproduce अिभनय करना प्रजनन करना abhinay karana to pronounce prajanan karana उ�ारण करना to connect uchchaaran karana to swear स ंप क� करना कसम खाना sampark karana to guess kasam khaana अनुमान लगाना to express anumaan lagaana to shake �� करना िहलाना vyakt karana to endure hilaana सहना to preserve sahana to illustrate स�ालना िचित्रत करना sambhaalana to cease chitrit karana बंद करना to weave band karana to hesitate बुनना संकोच करना bunana to prove sankoch karana सािबत करना to take saabit karana to select लेना चुनना lena to materialize chunana प्रगट होना to rush pragat hona to doubt   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 76 शक करना �� करना shak karana to deal vyakt karana सौदा करना to curl sauda karana to shove मोड़ना ध�ा दे ना modana to warm dhakka dena गम� करना to share garm karana to exhaust साझा करना िनकास करना saajha karana to irritate nikaas karana परे शान करना to renew pareshaan karana to guide नया करना िनद�िशत करना naya karana to transfer nirdeshit karana थानांत�रत करना to draw sthaanaantarit karana to capture िचत्र बनाना क�ा करना chitr banaana to question kabja karana सवाल करना to enter savaal karana to advise प्रवेश करना सलाह दे ना pravesh karana to motivate salaah dena प्रे�रत करना to dare prerit karana to name िह�त करना नाम दे ना himmat karana to coordinate naam dena समायोिजत करना to detect samaayojit karana to sound पता लगाना सुनाना pata lagaana to aggravate sunaana तीव्र करना to twist teevr karana to disguise मरोड़ना वेश बदलना marodana to sign vesh badalana ह�ा�र करना to note hastaakshar karana to testify िलख लेना गवाही दे ना likh lena to help gavaahee dena मदद करने to edit madad karane to lean संपािदत करना सहारा लेना sampaadit karana to express sahaara lena ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 77 काटना to hug kaatana to sigh गले लगना आह भरना gale lagana to save aah bharana बचाना to land bachaana to test उतरना मापना utarana to appeal maapana अपील करना to drain apeel karana to appear बहा दे ना उप�थत होना baha dena to waive upasthit hona छोड़ दे ना to debate chhod dena to interrogate बहस करना पूछताछ करना bahas karana to retain poochhataachh karana रखे रखना to initiate rakhe rakhana to disturb आरं भ करना िव� डालना aarambh karana to proclaim vighn daalana घोिषत करना to inherit ghoshit karana to hunt पैतृक स�ि� पाना िशकार करना paitrk sampatti paana to consolidate shikaar karana एकित्रत करना to explode ekatrit karana to distract फट जाना �ान भंग करना phat jaana to smash dhyaan bhang karana न� करना to stare nasht karana to adjust ताकना समायोिजत करना taakana to restart samaayojit karana दोबारा शु�आत करना to welcome dobaara shuruaat karana to vibrate �ागत करना कं ि प त करना svaagat karana to articulate kampit karana साफ बोलना to contest saaph bolana to step चुनौती दे ना कदम रखना chunautee dena to shelter kadam rakhana पनाह दे ना to bite panaah dena to coincide   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 78 िमलाना सफाया करना milaana to institute saphaaya karana लागू करना to blow laagoo karana to be angry फू ं क मारना गु�ा होना phoonk maarana to burn gussa hona जलाना to focus jalaana to refund �ान क� ि द्र त करना वापस लौटाना dhyaan kendrit karana to consult vaapas lautaana परामश� करना to culminate paraamarsh karana to sniff समा� होना सूंघना samaapt hona to hurt soonghana चोट प�ँचाना to oscillate chot pahunchaana to digest झूलना पचाना jhoolana to defeat pachaana हराना to fill haraana to envy भरना ई�ा� करना bharana to charge eershya karana दोषी ठहराया to process doshee thaharaaya to sacrifice संसािधत करना �ागना sansaadhit karana to formulate tyaagana प्रितपािदत करना to counter pratipaadit karana to faint प्र�ु�र दे ना बेहोश होना pratyuttar dena to rape behosh hona बला�ार करना to amuse balaatkaar karana to squeeze मनोरंजन करना दबाना manoranjan karana to surround again dabaana िफर से घेरना to disturb phir se gherana to create िव� करना बनाना vighn karana to compensate banaana मुआवजा दे ना to sum up muaavaja dena to notice सारांश करना �ाान दे ना saaraansh karana to swipe dhyaaaan dena ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 79 िकराए पर लेना kirae par lena to rent

PRONOUNS

सव�नाम sarvanaam

I aap yours म� आपका main they aapaka वे you ve yours तुम आपका tum they aapaka वे he ve yours वह आपका vah mine aapaka मेरी she meree yours वह आपका vah mine aapaka मेरी one meree theirs एक उन के ek mine un ke मेरी we meree theirs हम उन के ham mine un ke मेरी you meree theirs आप उन के   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 80 un ke उ स के usake me my मुझे मेरे her mujhe mere उ स के usake to you my आप को मेरे its aap ko mere उसका usaka to him my उसे मेरे its use mere उसकी usakee to her your उसको तुंहारा its usako tunhaara उसकी usakee to it your इ स के िलए आपका our isake lie aapaka हमारा hamaara to us your हम� आपका our hamen aapaka हमारी hamaaree to you all his आप सबको उसका your aap sabako usaka तुंहारे tunhaare to them his उनको उसकी your unako usakee तुंहारा tunhaara me his मुझे उसका their mujhe usaka उ न के unake myself her खुद उसकी their khud usakee उनका unaka myself her ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 81 खुद �ा khud that kya उस yourself us whose आप खुद िकसका aap khud this kisaka इस yourself is which आप खुद कौन कौन से aap khud this kaun kaun se इस himself is when अपने आप कब apane aap this kab इस herself is the अपने आप वह या यह apane aap these vah or yah इन ourselves in the हम अपने आप वह या यह ham apane aap these vah or yah इन ourselves in a हम अपने आप एक ham apane aap those ek उन yourselves un a तुम अपने आप एक tum apane aap who ek कौन yourselves kaun an तुम अपने आप एक tum apane aap who ek कौन themselves kaun an अपने आप एक apane aap whom ek िकसको that kisako some उस कु छ us what kuchh   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 82 िकसी को some kisee ko not any कु छ कोई भी नहीं kuchh everyone koee bhee nahin हर कोई anything har koee nothing कु छ भी कु छ भी तो नहीं kuchh bhee no one kuchh bhee to nahin कोई नहीं anyone koee nahin

ADJECTIVES

िवशेषण

visheshan

hungry chetaavanee fun भूखा मज़ा bhookha active maza सिक्रय thirsty sakriy sad �ासा उदास pyaasa hot udaas गरम tired garam angry थका �आ गु�े thaka hua happy gusse खुश sleepy khush busy िनद्रालु �� nidraalu glad vyast प्रस� alert prasann easy चेतावनी आसान ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 83 aasaan गूंगा या ब ेव कू फ goonga or bevkoof expensive difficult महंगा किठन young mahanga kathin युव yuv cheap full स�ा पूण� old sasta poorn पुराना puraana respected big आदरणीय बड़ा far aadaraneey bada दू र door famous small प्रिस� छोटा near prasiddh chhota पास paas a little tall थोड़ा सा लंबा fine thoda sa lamba ठीक theek sweet heavy मीठा भारी enough meetha bhaaree काफी kaffee sour high ख�ा ऊं च ा fast khatta unchcha उपवास upavaas salty short नमकीन छोटा slow namakeen chhota धीरे dheere spicy long मसालेदार लंबा simple masaaledaar lamba सरल saral humid smart नम होिशयार complex nam hoshiyaar जिटल jatil rainy dumb   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 84 बरसाती ब�त barasaatee delicious bahut �ािद� slippery svaadisht fluent िफसलाऊ धाराप्रवाह phisalaoo tasty dhaaraapravaah �ािद� warm svaadisht suitable गरम उपयु� garam pretty upayukt सुंदर cool sundar mysterious ठं ड ा रह�मय thanda beautiful rahasyamay सुंदर cold sundar fashionable सद� फै श न ेब ल sardee lovely phaishanebal सुंदर clean sundar stylish साफ �ाइिलश saaf ugly stailish कु � प dirty kuroop special गंदा िवशेष ganda hard vishesh किठन messy kathin smooth गंदा िचकना ganda soft chikana मुलायम tidy mulaayam late साफ दे र से saaph few der se कु छ dry kuchh early सूखा ज�ी sookha many jaldee अनेक wet anek forgetful भीगा �आ भुल�ड़ bheega hua much bhulakkad ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 85 बीमार same beemaar detailed वही िव�ृत vahee timely vistrt समयोिचत different samayochit frequent िविभ� बारंबार vibhinn scary baarambaar डरावना straight daraavana fragrant सीधे सुगंिधत seedhe outgoing sugandhit िनवत�मान fake nivartamaan light नकली रोशनी naklee social roshanee सामािजक real saamaajik dark असली अंधेरा asalee rare andhera दुल�भ original durlabh color मूल रं ग mool modest rang मामूली international maamoolee red अंतररा�� ीय लाल antararaashtreey private laal िनजी abundant nijee green प्रचुर हरा prachur stable hara �थर touching sthir yellow मािम�क पीला maarmik terrible peela भयानक healthy bhayaanak blue �थ नीला svasth thoughtful neela सावधान sick saavadhaan orange   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 86 नारंगी सुशील naarangee fat susheel मोटी या मोटा violet motee or mota amicable ब�गनी मैत्रीपूण� bainganee bold maitreepoorn साहिसक indigo saahasik amusing नील मनोरंजक neel timid manoranjak आसानी से डरनेवाला white aasaanee se daranevaala arrogant स फे द अिभमानी saphed tough abhimaanee कठोर black kathor humble काली िवनीत kaalee affectionate vineet �ेही brown snehee calm भूरा शांत bhoora loving shaant �ारा pink pyaara careful गुलाबी सावधान gulaabee kind saavadhaan मेहरबान good meharabaan careless अ�ा लापरवाह achchha agreeable laaparavaah सहमत bad sahamat courageous खराब साहिसक kharaab aggressive saahasik आक्रामक fit aakraamak courteous िफट िवनम्र phit adventurous vinamr साहसी thin saahasee rude पतला अिश� patala amiable ashisht ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 87 श��शाली cowardly shaktishaalee imaginative राड़ क�नाशील raad fearless kalpanaasheel िनडर creative nidar impartial रचना�क िन�� rachanaatmak foolish nishpaksh मूढ़ weak moodh impatient कमज़ोर बेताब kamazor friendly betaab अ न ुकू ल strong anukool independent बलवान �तंत्र balavaan funny svatantr मजेदार powerful majedaar intelligent श��शाली बु��मान shaktishaalee generous buddhimaan उदार cruel udaar intellectual िनद�यी बौ��क nirdayee gentle bauddhik स�न decisive sajjan intolerant िनण�या�क असिह�ु nirnayaatmak greedy asahishnu लालची determined laalachee jealous िनधा��रत ई�ा� nirdhaarit hard-working eershya मेहनती honest mehanatee lazy ईमानदार आलसी eemaanadaar helpful aalasee उपयोगी dishonest upayogee neat बेईमान �� beeemaan humorous svachchh रस लेनेवाला energetic ras lenevaala nervous   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 88 बेचैन िनद�यी bechain self-confident nirdayee ख़ुद-एतमाद nice khud-etamaad understanding अ�ा समझदार achchha sensible samajhadaar समझदार patient samajhadaar unpredictable धीरज वाला अप्र�ािशत dheeraj vaala sensitive apratyaashit संवेदनशील persistent sanvedanasheel unreliable �ढ़ अिव�सनीय drdh shy avishvasaneey शम�ला polite sharmeela well स� ठीक sabhy silly theek मूख�तापूण� practical moorkhataapoorn willing �ावहा�रक तैयार vyaavahaarik sincere taiyaar ईमानदार reliable eemaanadaar warmhearted िव�सनीय नेक vishvasaneey stupid nek ब ेव कू फ romantic bevakooph zealous प्रेम प्रसंगयु� उ�ाही prem prasangayukt superficial utsaahee सतही sarcastic satahee adaptable कटु अनुकूलनीय katu sympathetic anukoolaneey हमदद� secretive hamadard affable गु� िमलनसार gupt thoughtless milanasaar अ�ड़ selfish alhad aloof �ाथ� अलग svaarthee unkind alag ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 89 दयालु ambitious dayaalu discreet मह�ाकां�ी िवचारशील mahattvaakaankshee compulsive vichaarasheel अिनवाय� belligerent anivaary domineering यु�रत घमंडी yuddharat conscientious ghamandee ईमानदार boastful eemaanadaar dynamic डी ंग मारने वाला चु� deeng maarane vaala conservative chust अप�रवत�नवादी brave aparivartanavaadee easygoing बहादुर आरामपसंद bahaadur considerate aaraamapasand िवचारशील bright vichaarasheel emotional उ�ल भावुक ujjval convivial bhaavuk खुशनुमा broad-minded khushanuma enthusiastic �ापक िदमाग उ�ाही vyaapak dimaag cunning utsaahee चालाक callous chaalaak exuberant कठोर िवपुल kathor cynical vipul िनंदक changeable nindak fair-minded अ�थर िन�� asthir deceitful nishpaksh धोखा दे ने वाला charming dhokha dene vaala faithful आकष�क वफादार aakarshak diligent vaphaadaar मेहनती communicative mehanatee far िमलनसार दू र milanasaar diplomatic door राजनियक compassionate raajanayik forceful   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 90 सश� eershyaavaan संर�ण sashakt sanrakshan loyal frank िन�ावान passionate खुलकर बोलने वाला nishthaavaan भावुक khulakar bolane vaala bhavuk materialistic fussy भौितकवादी perverse उधम मचाने वाला bhautikavaadee ि व कृ त udham machaane vaala vikrt mean gregarious घिटया pessimistic िमलनसार ghatiya िनराशावादी milanasaar niraashaavaadee miserly gullible कृ प ण pioneering आसानी से धोखा खानेवाला krpan अग्रणी aasaanee se dhokha agranee khaanevaala modest लाजवंत philosophical harsh laajavant दाश�िनक कठोर daarshanik kathor moody उदासीन placid impulsive udaaseen नम्र आवेगशील namr aavegasheel narrow-minded संकीण� सोच वाला plucky inflexible sankeern soch vaala िह�ती अन� himmatee anamy obsessive जुनूनी pompous intuitive junoonee गिव�त सहज �ान यु� garvit sahaj gyaan yukt obstinate िज�ी possessive inventive jiddee मािलकाना आिव�ारशील maalikaana aavishkaarasheel optimistic आशावादी proactive jealous aashaavaadee सिक्रय ई�ा�वान sakriy patronizing ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 91 aatm kendrit साफ quarrelsome saaph झगड़ालू self-disciplined jhagadaaloo आ� अनुशािसत unassuming aatm anushaasit नम्र quick-tempered namr िचड़िचड़ा sneaky chidachida चापलूस vague chaapaloos अ�� quick-witted aspasht त क� श ी ल sociable tarkasheel िमलनसार vain milanasaar घमंडी quiet ghamandee चुपचाप stingy chupachaap कं ज ूस versatile kanjoos ब�मुखी rational bahumukhee त क� स ंग त straightforward tarkasangat सरल vulgar saral अिश� reserved ashisht सुरि�त stubborn surakshit िज़�ी weak-willed ziddee कमजोर इरादों वाला resourceful kamajor iraadon vaala साधन-संप� tactless saadhan-sampann उ�ं ड witty uddand मजािकया ruthless majaakiya क्रू र thoughtful kroor सावधान zany saavadhaan मसखरा self-centered masakhara आ� के � � त tidy

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 92 ADVERBS

िक्रया िवशेषण

kriya visheshan

apart from और भी बुरा kam इ स के अलावा aur bhee bura isake alaava a lot hardly ब�त loudly मु��ल से bahut जोर से mushkil se jor se little barely थोड़ा left मात्र thoda ब ा एं maatr baen so much quite ब�त �ादा right काफी bahut jyaada द ा एं kaaphee daen so many enough ब�त सारे softly काफी bahut saare नरमी से kaaphee naramee se sometimes almost कभी कभी well लगभग kabhee kabhee अ�ी तरह lagabhag achchhee tarah often too much अ�र poorly ब�त �ादा aksar खराब तरह bahut jyaada kharaab tarah currently more इस समय better अिधक is samay बेहतर adhik behatar frequently less बार बार worse कम baar baar ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 93 अगला previously agala below पहले से नीचे pahale se then neeche िफर strongly phir above �ढ़ता से ऊपर drdhata se today oopar आज never aaj downstairs कभी नही ँ सीिढ़ि◌यों के नीचे kabhee naheen soon seedhiiyon ke neeche शीघ्र या ज�ी rarely sheeghr or jaldee upstairs शायद ही कभी ऊपर shaayad hee kabhee anyway oopar वैसे भी always vaise bhee where हमेशा कहा पे hamesha finally kaha pe आ�खरकार now aakhirakaar here अभी यहाँ abhee late yahaan दे र से yesterday der se there बीता कल वहां beeta kal early vahaan ज�ी tomorrow jaldee nearby आने वाला कल पास ही aane vaala kal already paas hee पहले से when pahale se far कब दू र kab still door िफर भी after phir bhee ahead बाद आगे baad yet aage अभी तक या िफर भी next abhee tak or phir bhee behind   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 94 प ी छे कब? peechhe personally kab? अपनेआप over there apaneaap where? वहॉ पर कहा पे? vaho par perhaps kaha pe? शायद inside shaayad why? के भीतर �ों ? ke bheetar maybe kyon ? शायद outside shaayad moreover बाहर अित�र� baahar obviously atirikt जािहर है somewhere jaahir hai also कहीं भी kaheen no bhee नहीं in front nahin too सामने ब�त saamane never bahut कभी नही ँ everywhere kabhee naheen fortunately हर जगह भा�वश har jagah neither bhaagyavash न nowhere na unfortunately कहीं भी नहीं दुभा�� से kaheen bhee nahin how? durbhaagy se कै स े ? between kaise? briefly के बीच संि�� म� ke beech when? sankshipt mein

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 95 PREPOSITIONS

पूव�सग� poorvasarg

at से पहले neeche पर se pahale par below after नीचे in बाद neeche म� baad mein out about बाहर on के बारे म� baahar पर ke baare mein par behind of प ी छे from का peechhe से ka se outside during बाहर to दौरान baahar की तरफ dauraan kee taraph above with ऊपर for इक�े oopar के िलये ikatthe ke liye across between पार since के बीच paar जबसे ke beech jabase along over साथ म� until ऊपर saath mein तब तक oopar tab tak among under के बीच म� before नीचे ke beech mein   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 96 around following through चारों ओर िन�िल�खत बीच से chaaron or nimnalikhit beech se as inside to जैसा के भीतर की तरफ jaisa ke bheetar kee taraph beneath into toward नीचे म� की ओर neeche mein kee or beside near towards के बगल म� पास म� की ओर ke bagal mein paas mein kee or besides on under के अित�र� पर नीचे ke atirikt par neeche beyond onto underneath परे पर नीचे pare par neeche but opposite unlike परं तु सामने फरक parantu saamane pharak by past until �ारा पार जब तक dvaara paar jab tak down than up नीचे से ऊपर neeche se oopar

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 97 CONJUNCTIONS

संयोजन के �प

sanyojan ke roop

for हालांिक se pahale के िलये haalaanki ke liye even as यहाँ तक की and जैसा yahaan tak kee और jaisa aur even if as if भले ही nor जैसे की bhale hee न jaise kee na if as long as अगर but जब तक agar परं तु jab tak parantu just as as much as जैसे or िजतना jaise या jitana ya lest as soon as ऐसा न हो िक yet जैसे ही aisa na ho ki अभी तक jaise hee abhee tak now as though अभ so मानो abh इसिलए maano isalie once because एक बार after इसिलये ek baar बाद isaliye baad provided before बशत� although से पहले basharte   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 98 से provided that se when बशत� के कब basharte ke that kab उस rather than us whenever बजाय जब कभी bajaay though jab kabhee हालांिक since haalaanki whether जबसे या jabase until ya जब तक so that jab tak while तािक जबिक taaki unless jabaki जब तक supposing jab tak both मानो िक दोनों maano ki until donon जब तक than jab tak

CARDINAL NUMBERS

गणन सं�ा ganan sankhya

zero ek three शू� तीन shoony two teen दो one do four एक चार ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 99 chaar पंद्रह pandrah twenty-six five छ�ीस पांच sixteen chhabbees panj सोलह solah twenty-seven six स�ाईस छह seventeen sattaees chhah सत्रह satrah twenty-eight seven अ�ाइस सात eighteen atthais saat अठारह athaarah twenty-nine eight उ�ीस आठ nineteen untees aath उ�ीस unnees thirty nine तीस नौ twenty tees nau बीस bees thirty-one ten इक�ीस दस twenty-one ikattees das इ�ीस ikkees thirty-two eleven ब�ीस �ारह twenty two battees gyaarah बाईस baees thirty-three twelve त�तीस बारह twenty-three tentees baarah तेईस teees thirty-four thirteen चौंतीस तेरह twenty-four chauntees terah चौबीस chaubees thirty-five fourteen प�तीस चौदह twenty-five paintees chaudah प�ीस pachchees thirty-six fifteen   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 100 छ�ीस स�ावन chhattees forty-seven sattaavan स�तालीस thirty-seven saintaalees fifty-eight स�तीस अ�ावन saintees forty-eight atthaavan अड़तालीस thirty-eight adataalees fifty-nine अड़तीस उनसठ adatees forty-nine unasath उनचास thirty-nine unachaas sixty उनतालीस साठ unataalees fifty saath पचास forty pachaas sixty-one चालीस इकसठ chaalees fifty-one ikasath इ�ावन forty-one ikyaavan sixty-two इकतालीस बासठ ikataalees fifty-two baasath बावन forty-two baavan sixty-three बयालीस ितरसठ bayaalees fifty-three tirasath ितरपन forty-three tirapan sixty-four त�तालीस चौंसठ taintaalees fifty-four chaunsath चौवन forty-four chauvan sixty-five चवालीस पैसठ chavaalees fifty-five paisath पचपन forty-five pachapan sixty-six प�तालीस िछयासठ paintaalees fifty-six chhiyaasath छ�न forty-six chhappan sixty-seven िछयालीस सड़सठ chhiyaalees fifty-seven sadasath ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 101 अठह�र sixty-eight athahattar eighty-nine अड़सठ नवासी adasath seventy-nine navaasee उ�ासी sixty-nine unyaasee ninety उनह�र न�े unahattar eighty navve अ�ी seventy assee ninety-one स�र इ�ानबे sattar eighty-one ikyaanabe इ�ासी seventy-one ikyaasee ninety-two इकह�र बया�े ikahattar eighty-two bayaanve बयासी seventy-two bayaasee ninety-three बह�र ितरानवे bahattar eighty-three tiraanave ितरासी seventy-three tiraasee ninety-four ितह�र चौरानवे tihattar eighty-four chauraanave चौरासी seventy-four chauraasee ninety-five चौह�र पंचानवे chauhattar eighty-five panchaanave पचासी seventy-five pachaasee ninety-six पचह�र िछयानबे pachahattar eighty-six chhiyaanabe िछयासी seventy-six chhiyaasee ninety-seven िछह�र स�ानवे chhihattar eighty-seven sattaanave स�ासी seventy-seven sattaasee ninety-eight सत�र अठानवे satattar eighty-eight athaanave अठासी seventy-eight athaasee ninety-nine   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 102 िन�ानवे सात सौ ninyaanave four-hundred saat sau चार सौ one-hundred chaar sau eight-hundred एक सौ आठ सौ ek sau five-hundred aath sau पांच सौ two-hundred paanch sau nine-hundred दो सौ नौसो do sau six-hundred nauso छे सौ three-hundred chhe sau one-thousand तीन सौ एक हज़ार teen sau seven-hundred ek hazaar

ORDINAL NUMBERS

क्रमसूचक सं�ा

kramasoochak sankhya

first दू स र ा तीसरा प्रथम doosara teesara pratham third fourth second ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 103 चौथा पंद्रहवां chautha tenth pandrahavaan दसवां fifth dasavaan sixteenth पांचवां सोलहवां paanchavaan eleventh solahavaan �ारहवाँ sixth gyaarahavaan seventeenth छठा सत्रहवाँ chhatha twelfth satrahavaan बारहवां seventh baarahavaan eighteenth सातवाँ अठारहवाँ saatavaan thirteenth athaarahavaan तेरहवां eighth terahavaan nineteenth आठवाँ उ�ीसवां aathavaan fourteenth unneesavaan चौदहवां ninth chaudahavaan twentieth नौवां बीसवीं nauvaan fifteenth beesaveen

GREETINGS AND USEFUL PHRASES

अिभवादन और उपयोगी वा�ांश

abhivaadan aur upayogee vaakyaansh

First Meeting: Getting to Know Each Other

पहली मुलाकात: एक-दू स रे को जानना pahalee mulakat: ek-doosare ko jaanana

Hello!   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 104 नम�ार! namaskaar!

Goodbye! अलिवदा! alavida!

Welcome! �ागत हे! svaagat he!

Excuse me! माफ़ कीिजयेगा! maaf keejiyega!

Sorry! माफ़ कीिजये! maaf keejiye!

Good day! अ�ा िदन! achchha din!; Note: rarely used

Good morning! शुभ प्रभात! shubh prabhaat! Note: rarely used

Good evening! सुसं�ा! susandhya! Note: rarely used

Good night! शुभ राित्र! shubh raatri! Note: rarely used

How're you? आप कै स े हो? aap kaise ho?

Good to see you! आपको दे ख कर खुशी �ई! aapako dekh kar khushee huee! ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 105

I am well. म� ठीक �ँ। main theek hoon.

What is your name? तु�ारा नाम �ा हे? tumhaara naam kya he?

What are you called? आपको �ा बुलाया जाता है? aapako kya bulaaya jaata hai?

Is it your first name or your last name? �ा यह आपका पहला नाम है या आपका अंितम नाम है? kya yah aapaka pahala naam hai ya aapaka antim naam hai?

I am Chris. म� िक्रस �ँ main kris hoon

Where are you from? आप कहां के िनवासी ह�? aap kahaan ke nivaasee hain?

I am from United States. म� अमे�रका से �। main amerika se hu.

Which country are you from? तुम िकस दे श से हो? tum kis desh se ho?

I live in China. मेरा िनवास चीन म� है। mera nivaas cheen mein hai.

I am from Shanghai. म� शंघाई से �ँ। main shanghaee se hoon.

How's the weather in your city?   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 106 आपके शहर म� मौसम कै स ा है? aapake shahar mein mausam kaisa hai?

It is nice. वह अ�ा है। vah achchha hai.

It is cold. वह ठं ड ा है। vah thanda hai.

It is hot. वह गरम है। vah garam hai.

It is humid. वह आद्र� है। vah aardr hai.

It is rainy. वह बरसाती है। vah barasaatee hai.

Are you a student here? �ा तुम यहाँ एक िव�ाथ� ह ा ◌े ? kya tum yahaan ek vidyaarthee haae?

I work in a bank. म� ब�क मे काम करता �ँ। main baink me kaam karata hoon.

Yes, I am a student at the University. हां, म� िव�िव�ालय म� एक छात्र �ं। haan, main vishvavidyaalay mein ek chhaatr hoon.

Can I have your phone number please? �ा आपका फोन नंबर ि◌मल सकता है? kya aapaka phon nambar mil sakata hai?

I will stay in this city for six months. म� इस शहर म� छह महीने तक र�ंगा। main is shahar mein chhah maheene tak rahoonga. ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 107

Nice to meet you! आपसे िमलकर अ�ा लगा! aapase milakar achchha laga!

See you later! बाद म� िमलते ह�! baad mein milate hain!

Very happy to meet you! तुमसे िमलकर ब�त खुशी �ई! tumase milakar bahut khushee huee!

See you tomorrow! कल िमलते ह�! kal milate hain!

Directions on the Street

सड़क पर रसता पूछना

sadak par rasta puchhna

Excuse me, can you help me? कृ प य ा , �ा आप मेरी सहायता कर सकते ह�? krpaya, kya aap meree sahaayata kar sakate hain?

Sure, where do you want to go? ज़�र, आप कहाँ जाना चाहते ह�? za, aap kahaan jaana chaahate hain? museum संग्रहालय sangrahaalay

I want to walk to the museum. म� संग्रहालय चल के जाना चाहता �ँ। main sangrahaalay chal ke jaana chaahata hoon.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 108

Go straight ahead for two blocks. दो �ॉक के िलए सीधे आगे बढ़� । do blok ke lie seedhe aage badhen.

Then turn left. िफर बाये मुड़े। phir baaye mude.

Then walk for one block. िफर एक �ॉक के िलए चलना। phir ek blok ke lie chalana.

The museum will be in front of you. संग्रहालय आपके सामने होगा। sangrahaalay aapake saamane hoga.

The museum is in between the cafe and the bookstore. संग्रहालय कै फे और िकताबों की दुकान के बीच म� है। sangrahaalay kaiphe aur kitaabon kee dukaan ke beech mein hai.

If you turn right and walk for a block you will see a cafe. यिद आप दाय� मुड़ते ह� और एक �ॉक के िलए चलते ह� तो आप एक कै फे देख�गे। yadi aap daayen mudate hain aur ek blok ke lie chalate hain to aap ek kaiphe dekhenge.

It is two kilometer from here. यह यहां से दो िकलोमीटर दू र है। yah yahaan se do kilomeetar door hai.

The cafe is next to a cinema. कै फे िसनेमा के बगल म� है। kaiphe sinema ke bagal mein hai.

The bookstore is inside the mall. िकताबों की दुकान मॉल के अंदर है। kitaabon kee dukaan mol ke andar hai.

Thank you. ध�वाद। dhanyavaad.

Thank you very much. ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 109 आपका ब�त ब�त ध�वाद। aapaka bahut bahut dhanyavaad.

You are welcome! आपका �ागत है! aapaka svaagat hai!

Transport: Taxis, Buses and Metro

प�रवहन: टै�ी, बस� और मे ट� ो parivahan: taiksee, basen aur metro

the taxi. the bus. टै�ी। बस। taiksee. bas.

the metro मे ट� ो metro

public transport जनता प�रवाहन janta parivaahan the ticket िटकट tikat the price कीमत keemat the fare िकराया   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 110 kiraaya

How much? िकतना? kitana?

Where? कहा? kaha?

Where can I get a bus to the city center please? कृ प य ा शहर के क� द्र के ि◌लये मुझे बस कहां िमल सकती है? krpaya shahar ke kendr ke ilaye mujhe bas kahaan mil sakatee hai?

Can I get a taxi here? �ा मुझे यहां एक टै�ी िमल सकती है? kya mujhe yahaan ek taiksee mil sakatee hai?

Can I get a bus and metro map please? �ा मुझे बस और मे ट� ो का न�ा िमल सकता है? kya mujhe bas aur metro ka naksha mil sakata hai?

Where is the metro station? मे ट� ो �ेशन कहां है? metro steshan kahaan hai?

City center. शहर का क� द्र । shahar ka kendr.

How long will it take to go to the city center? शहर के क� द्र म� जाने म� िकतना समय लगेगा? shahar ke kendr mein jaane mein kitana samay lagega?

Do I need to transfer to another bus? �ा मुझे दू स र ी बस बदलने की ज़�रत है? kya mujhe doosaree bas badalne kee zaroorat hai?

How do I purchase a ticket please? म� िटकट कै स े ख र ी दू ं ? main tikat kaise khareedoon?

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 111 How much will it cost? इसका मू� िकतना होगा? isaka mooly kitana hoga?

Can I pay by cash or credit card? �ा म� नकदी या क्रे ि डट काड� �ारा भुगतान कर सकता �ं? kya main nakadee ya kredit kaard dvaara bhugataan kar sakata hoon?

Do I get off at the next stop? �ा म� अगले �ॉप पर उतर ज ा ऊं ? kya main agale stop par utar jaoon?

Transport: Airplanes

प�रवहन: हवाई जहाज

parivahan: havaee jahaaj

the airport हवाई अ�ा havaee adda

the airplane हवाई जहाज havaee jahaaj

the pilot हवाई जहाज चालक havaee jahaaj chaalak

the flight attendant उड़ान प�रचारक udaan parichaarak

ticket and passport िटकट और पासपोट� tikat aur paasaport

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 112 bag and luggage बैग और सामान baig aur saamaan visa. security check. वीजा। सुर�ा जांच। veeja. suraksha jaanch. take-off उड़ना udana landing अवतरण avataran

I want to go to the airport. म� हवाई अ�े पर जाना चाहता �ं। main havaee adde par jaana chaahata hoon.

Where can I check in my luggage. म� अपना सामान कहां दे सकता �ं। main apana saamaan kahaan de sakata hoon.

Can I see your passport and ticket please? �ा म� अ◌ाप का पासपोट� और िटकट दे ख सकता �ं? kya main aap kaa paasaport aur tikat dekh sakata hoon?

I have one carry on bag and a laptop bag. मेरे पास एक बैग और एक लैपटॉप बैग है। mere paas ek baig aur ek laipatop baig hai.

Here is your boarding pass. यह आपका बोिड�ग पास है। yah aapaka bording paas hai.

Where is the security line please? कृ प य ा सुर�ा लाइन कहां है? krpaya suraksha lain kahaan hai?

Do I need to remove my shoes? �ा मुझे अपने जूते हटाने की ज़�रत है? ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 113 kya mujhe apane joote hataane kee zaroorat hai?

The flight is delayed. उड़ान म� दे री हो रही है। udaan mein deree ho rahee hai.

We need to wait. हम� इं तजार करना होगा। hamen intajaar karana hoga.

This is my seat, please. कृ प य ा , यह मेरी सीट है। krpyaa, yah meree seet hai.

Please put your luggage in the storage above your head. कृ प य ा अपना सामान िसर के ऊपर वाले भंडारण म� रख�। krpaya apana saamaan sir ke oopar vaale bhandaaran mein rakhen.

Would you like to drink something? �ा आप कु छ पीना चाह�गे? kya aap kuchh peena chaahenge?

I would like some water, please. मुझे कु छ पानी चािहए, कृ प य ा । mujhe kuchh paanee chaahie, krpaya.

Our plane is landing. हमारा िवमान उतरर रहा है। hamaara vimaan utar raha hai.

Shopping for Food

खाने की खरीदारी

khaane kee khareedaaree

the grocery store खाने के समान की दुकान   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 114 khane ke samaan kee dukaan the vegetable store स�ी की दुकान sabjee kee dukaan the fruit store फल की दुकान phal kee dukaan the meats मीट meet the supermarket सुपर बाज़ार supar baazaar

Where is the nearest grocery store please? कृ प य ा सब से पास वाली खाने के समान की दुकान कहां है? krpaya sab se paas vaalee khane ke samaan kee dukaan kahaan hai?

The corner store sells fruits. कोने का �ोर फल बेचता है। kone kaa stor phal bechata hai.

That store sells vegetables. वह दुकान स��यां बेचती है। vah dukaan sabjiyaan bechatee hai.

The grocery store is in the shopping mall. खाने के समान की दुकान की दुकान शॉिपंग मॉल म� है। khane ke samaan kee dukaan shoping mol mein hai.

Pardon me, do you sell fruits here? �मा कर� , �ा आप यहां फल बेचते ह�? kshama karen, kya aap yahaan phal bechate hain?

Excuse me, does this shop have fresh vegetables? �मा कर� , �ा इस दुकान म� ताज़ी स��यां ह�? kshama karen, kya is dukaan mein taajee sabjiyaan hain?

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 115 Do you have meat here? �ा आपके पास मांस है? kya aapake paas maans hai?

Is the fish fresh? �ा मछली ताज़ी है? kya machhalee taazee hai?

Where is the dairy section? डेयरी से�न कहां है? deyaree sekshan kahaan hai?

The dairy is in the back of the store. डेयरी �ोर के प ी छे वाली जगह म� है। deyaree stor ke peechhe valee jagah mai hai.

Do you have bread here? �ा आपके पास डबल रोटी है? kya aapake paas double rotee hai?

Can I find nuts like peanuts, almonds and cashews here? �ा मुझे यहां मूंगफली, बादाम और काजू जैसे सूखे फल िमल सकते ह�? kya mujhe yahaan moongaphalee, baadaam aur kaajoo jaise sookhe phal mil sakate hain?

Shopping for Goods

माल के िलए खरीदारी

maal ke lie khareedaaree

the shopping mall शॉिपंग मॉल shoping mol

the clothes कपड़े kapade

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 116 the shirt कमीज़ kameej the dress पोशाक poshaak the pants पतलून pataloon the shoes जूते joote

Is there a shopping mall near here please? �ा यहां कोई शॉिपंग मॉल है? kya yahaan koee shoping mol hai?

When do the shops open? दुकान कब खुली होती है? dukaan kab khulee hotee hai?

When do the shops close? दुकान कब बंद होती है? dukaan kab band hotee hai?

Is there a store for women's clothes here? �ा यहां मिहलाओं के कपड़ों की िलए एक दुकान है? kya yahaan mahilaon ke kapadon kee lie ek dukaan hai?

I want to buy a shirt, please. म� कमीज़ खरीदना चाहता �ं, कृ प य ा । main kameej khareedana chaahata hoon, krpaya.

Do you sell shoes here? �ा आप यहां जूते बेचते ह�? kya aap yahaan joote bechate hain?

This bag is very expensive. यह बैग ब�त महंगा है। ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 117 yah baig bahut mahanga hai.

Do you have something less expensive? �ा आपके पास कु छ कम महंगा है? kya aapake paas kuchh kam mahanga hai?

Is there a gift shop here? �ा यहां एक उपहार की दुकान है? kya yahaan ek upahaar kee dukaan hai?

I am looking for a bookstore. म� एक िकताबों की दुकान की तलाश म� �ँ। main ek kitaabon kee dukaan kee talaash mein hoon.

Is there a cinema in the shopping mall? �ा शॉिपंग मॉल म� कोई िसनेमा है? kya shoping mol mein koee sinema hai?

At a Restaurant

एक भोजनालय म� ek bhojanaalay mein

the restaurant भोजनालय bhojanaalay

the cafe कै फ़े kaife

the bar बार baar

the cuisine भोजन   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 118 bhojan the waiter बैरा baira breakfast. lunch. dinner. सुबह का ना�ा। दोपहर का भोजन। रात का खाना। subah ka naashta. dopahar ka bhojan. raat ka khaana. the menu मेनू menoo the bill िबल bil

Is there a restaurant nearby? �ा पास म� एक रे �ोर� ट है? kya paas mein ek restarent hai?

Is that restaurant expensive? �ा वह रे �ोर� ट महंगा है? kya vah restorent mahanga hai?

What type of cuisine do you have here? आपके यहां िकस प्रकार का भोजन है? aapake yahaan kis prakaar ka bhojan hai?

Do you serve vegetarian dishes? �ा आप शाकाहारी भोजन परोसते ह�? kya aap shaakaahaaree bhojan parosate hain?

I want some wine with my fish. मुझे अपनी मछली के साथ कु छ शराब चािहए। mujhe apanee machhalee ke saath kuchh sharaab chaahie.

Do you like spicy food? �ा आपको मसालेदार खाना पसंद है? kya aapako masaaledaar khaana pasand hai?

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 119 I like moderately spicy food. मुझे मामूली मसालेदार खाना पसंद है। mujhe maamoolee masaaledaar khaana pasand hai.

How is the food? खाना कै स ा है? khaana kaisa hai?

Do you want anything else, please? कृ प य ा , �ा आप कु छ और चाहते ह�? krpaya, kya aap kuchh aur chaahate hain?

The food is very good. Thank you! खाना ब�त अ�ा है। ध�वाद! khaana bahut achchha hai. dhanyavaad!

May I have the bill please? कृ प य ा �ा मुझे िबल िमल सकता है? krpaya kya mujhe bil mil sakata hai?

At the Hotel

होटल म� hotal mein

the hotel होटल hotal

the lobby प्रको� prakoshth

the check-in time चेक-इन समय chek-in samay

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 120 the check-out time चेक-आउट समय chek-aaut samay the reservation आर�ण aarakshan the gymnasium �ायामशाला vyaayaamashaala the health spa �ा� �ा svaasthy spa the massage मािलश maalish the restaurant भोजनालय bhojanaalay the room service कमरा सेवा kamara seva

I have a reservation. मेरे पास आर�ण ह�। mere paas aarakshan hain.

Here is my identity card and credit card. मेरा पहचान पत्र और क्रे ि डट काड� यहां है। mera pahachaan patr aur kredit kaard yahaan hai.

My room key does not work. मेरा कमरा की चाबी काम नहीं करता है। mera kamara kee chaabee kaam nahin karata hai.

What is the check out time? चेक आउट समय �ा है? ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 121 chek aaut samay kya hai?

Can I store my luggage here please? �ा म� यहां अपना सामान �ोर कर सकता �ं? kya main yahaan apana saamaan stor kar sakata hoon?

Is there a restaurant here? �ा यहां कोई रे�रांट है? kya yahaan koee restarent hai?

Is there a fitness center here? �ा यहां एक िफटनेस स�टर है? kya yahaan ek phitanes sentar hai?

Is there a swimming pool here? �ा यहां एक तैरने का तलाब है? kya yahaan ek tairane ka taalaab hai?

Is there a restroom in the lobby? �ा लॉबी म� एक रे ��म है? kya lobee mein ek restaroom hai?

Can I get a taxi to go to the airport please? �ा मुझे हवाई अ�े पर जाने के िलए टै�ी िमल सकती है? kya mujhe havaee adde par jaane ke lie taiksee mil sakatee hai?

I enjoyed my stay here. मुझे यहां ठहरने का आनंद आया। mujhe yahaan thaharane ka aanand aaya.

The staff was very helpful. करमचारी ब�त ही मददगार थे। karamchaaree bahut hee madadagaar the.

Please come again! कृ प य ा िफर आइएगा! krpaya phir aaiega!

I hope to come again! मुझे िफर से आने की उ�ीद है! mujhe phir se aane kee ummeed hai!

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 122 At a Clinic or Hospital

एक ��िनक या अ�ताल म�

ek klinik ya aspataal mein

the hospital अ�ताल aspataal

the health clinic �ा� ��िनक svaasthy klinik the pharmacy औषिध की दुकान aushadhi kee dukaan

the doctor िचिक�क chikitsak

the nurse दाई daee

the ambulance ए�ुले� embulens

the emergency clinic आपातकालीन ��िनक aapaatakaaleen klinik

the fever. the pain. the injury. बुखार। दद� । चोट। bukhaar. dard. chot.

I am not well. ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 123 मेरी तबीयत अ�ी नही ं। meree tabeeyat achchhee nahin.

I need to see a doctor. मुझे डॉ�र से िमलना होगा। mujhe doktar se milana hoga.

I am hurt. मुझे चोट लगी है। mujhe chot lagee hai

Do you need an ambulance? �ा आपको ए�ुल�स चािहए? kya aapako embulens chaahie?

I need an ambulance. मुझे एक एंबुल�स चािहए। mujhe ek embulens chaahie.

I have a fever and stomach ache. मुझे बुखार और पेट दद� है। mujhe bukhaar aur pet dard hai.

The nurse will see you now. नस� अब आपको दे खेगी। nars ab aapako dekhegee.

My foot is bleeding. मेरा पैर खून बह रहा है। mera pair khoon bah raha hai.

I am a doctor. I will examine you. म� एक डॉ�र �ँ। म� तु�ारी जांच क �ं ग ा । main ek doktar hoon. main tumhaaree jaanch karoonga.

Where does it hurt? कहां पर दद� होता है? kahaan par dard hota hai?

We will take an X-Ray. हम ए�-रे ल�गे। ham eks-re lenge.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 124

I will give you a prescription. म� आपको एक दवा की परची दू ंग ा । main aapako ek dava kee parchee doonga.

Is there a pharmacy here, please? �ा यहां कोई फाम�सी है, कृ प य ा ? kya yahaan koee phaarmesee hai, krpaya?

I need this prescription filled. मुझे इस पच� को भरने की ज़�रत है। mujhe is parche ko bharane kee zaroorat hai.

My insurance will cover the expenses. मेरा बीमा सब खचा� दे गा। mera beema sab kharcha dega.

Emergency Situations

आपातकालीन प�र��िथ

aapaatakaaleen paristithi

the emergency आपातकाल aapaatakaal

the fire आग aag

lost खो गया kho gaya

found िमल गया mil gaya ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 125

robbery चोरी choree

the thief चोर chor

the pickpocket जेब कतरा jeb katra

the policeman. the policewoman. the police station. पुिलसवाला। पुिलस मिहला पुिलस थाना। pulisavaala. pulis mahila pulis thaana.

Someone stole my wallet! िकसी ने मेरा बटुआ चुरा िलया! kisee ne mera batua chura liya!

There is a fire! आग लगी है! aag lagee hai!

I have been robbed. मेरी चोरी हो गयी। meree choree ho gayee.

I need to go to a police station. मुझे एक पुिलस �ेशन जाना है। mujhe ek pulis steshan jaana hai.

My money has been stolen. मेरा पैसा चोरी हो गया है। mera paisa choree ho gaya hai.

I lost my passport. मेरा पासपोट� खो गया है। mera paasaport kho gaya hai.

Please call the police!   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 126 कृ प य ा पुिलस को बुलाओ! krpaya pulis ko bulao!

I need to cancel my credit cards. मुझे अपने क्रे ि डट काड� र� करने हौंगे। mujhe apane kredit kaard radd karane honge.

Can I borrow some money please? �ा म� कु छ पैसे उधार ले सकता �ं? kya main kuchh paise udhaar le sakata hoon?

I forgot to bring my wallet. म� अपना बटुआ लाना भूल गया। main apana batua laana bhool gaya.

What do you need? तु�े �ा चािहए? tumhe kya chaahie?

GRAMMAR GUIDE

�ाकरण िसखलाना

vyaakaran sikhalaana

Word order in sentences

वा�ों म� श� क्रम

vaakyon mein shabd kram

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 127 Rule: English and Hindi sentences have different subject- verb- object order. िनयम: अंग्रेजी और िहंदी वा�ों म� अलग-अलग िवषय-िक्रया-ऑ�े� ऑड�र होता है। niyam: angrejee aur hindee vaakyon mein alag-alag vishay-kriya-objekt ordar hota hai.

Rule: In English the verb is usually between the subject and the object. िनयम: अंग्रेजी म� िक्रया आमतौर पर िवषय और व�ु के बीच होती है। niyam: angrejee mein kriya aamataur par vishay aur vastu ke beech hotee hai.

Rule: In Hindi the verb comes at the end of the sentence. िनयम: िहंदी म� िक्रया वा� के अंत म� आता है। niyam: hindee mein kriya vaaky ke ant mein aata hai.

You eat noodles. आप नूड� खाते ह�। aap noodals khaate hain.

You eat noodles slowly. आप धीरे -धीरे नूड� खाते ह�। aap dheere-dheere noodals khaate hain.

You eat salty noodles slowly. आप धीरे -धीरे नमकीन नूड� खाते ह�। aap dheere-dheere namakeen noodals khaate hain.

You eat salty noodles in Tokyo slowly. आप टो�ो म� धीरे -धीरे नमकीन नूड� खाते ह�। aap tokyo mein dheere-dheere namakeen noodals khaate hain.

You eat salty noodles in the small shop in Tokyo slowly. आप टो�ो म� छोटी दुकान म� धीरे -धीरे नमकीन नूड� खाते ह�। aap tokyo mein chhotee dukaan mein dheere-dheere namakeen noodals khaate hain.

He will come. वह आएगा। vah aaega.

He will come down. वह नीचे आएगा। vah neeche aaega.

He will come down to see the flowers. वह फू ल दे खने के िलए नीचे आएगा।   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 128 vah phool dekhane ke lie neeche aaega.

He will come down to see the red flowers. वह लाल फू ल दे खने के िलए नीचे आएगा। vah laal phool dekhane ke lie neeche aaega.

He will come down to see the red flowers in the evening. वह शाम को लाल फू ल दे खने के िलए नीचे आएगा। vah shaam ko laal phool dekhane ke lie neeche aaega.

Rule: In English negation is sometime made by using an extra verb. िनयम: अंग्रेजी म� िनषेध करने के ि◌लये अित�र� िक्रया श� का उपयोग िकया जाता है। niyam: angrejee mein nishedh karane ke ilaye atirikt kriya shabd ka upayog kiya jaata hai.

Rule: In Hindi negation does not use an extra verb. िनयम: िह्ंदी म� अ�ीकृित म� एक अित�र� िक्रया श� का उपयोग नहीं िकया जाता है। niyam: hindee mein asveekrti mein ek atirikt kriya shabd ka upayog nahin kiya jaata hai.

He will come down. He will not come down. वह नीचे आ जाएगा । वह नीचे नहीं आएगा। vah neeche aa jaega .. vah neeche nahin aaega.

He likes milk. He doesn't like milk. वह दू ध पसंद करता है। वह दू ध पसंद नही करता है। vah doodh pasand karata hai. vah doodh pasand nahee karata hai.

He likes the cafe in Shanghai. He does not like the cafe in Shanghai. वह शंघाई म� कै फे पसंद करता है। वह शंघाई म� कै फे पसंद नहीं करता है। vah shanghaee mein kaiphe pasand karata hai. vah shanghaee mein kaiphe pasand nahin karata hai.

I have milk. I don't have milk. मेरे पास दू ध है । मेरे पास दू ध नहीं है । mere paas doodh hai . mere paas doodh nahin hai .

Yesterday I had milk. Yesterday I did not have milk. कल मेरे पास दू ध था। कल मेरे पास दू ध नहीं था। kal mere paas doodh tha. kal mere paas doodh nahin tha.

Rule: In the following sentences the two forms used in Hindi are commonly used. िनयम: िन�िल�खत वा�ों म� िहंदी म� इ�ेमाल िकए जाने वाले दो �पों का उपयोग आमतौर पर िकया जाता है। niyam: nimnalikhit vaakyon mein hindee mein istemaal kie jaane vaale do roopon ka upayog aamataur par kiya jaata hai. ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 129

Rule: In the following sentences the two forms used in English are given but only the first form is commonly used. िनयम: िन�िल�खत वा�ों म� अंग्रेजी म� इ�ेमाल िकए गए दो �पों को िदया जाता है लेिकन के व ल पहला �प आमतौर पर उपयोग िकया जाता है। niyam: nimnalikhit vaakyon mein angrejee mein istemaal kie gae do roopon ko diya jaata hai lekin keval pahala roop aamataur par upayog kiya jaata hai.

I like it. It is liked by me. म� वह पसंद करता �ं। मुझ� यह पसंद है। main vah pasand karata hoon. mujhen yah pasand hai.

I like the bread. The bread is liked by me. म� रोटी पसंद करता �ं। मुझे रोटी पसंद है main rotee pasand karata hoon. mujhe rotee pasand hai

I like the brown bread. The brown bread is liked by me. म� भूरी रोटी पसंद करता �ं। मुझे भूरी रोटी पसंद है। main bhooree rotee pasand karata hoon. mujhe bhooree rotee pasand hai.

I like the brown bread in Shanghai. म� शंघाई म� भूरी रोटी पसंद करता �ं। मुझे शंघाई म� भूरी रोटी पसंद है। main shanghaee mein bhooree rotee pasand karata hoon. mujhe shanghaee mein bhooree rotee pasand hai.

I like the brown bread in downtown Shanghai. म� शंघाई शहरके� की भूरी रोटी पसंद करता �ं। मुझे शंघाई शहरके� की भूरी रोटी पसंद है। main shanghaee shaharakendr kee bhooree rotee pasand karata hoon. mujhe shanghaee shaharakendr kee bhooree rotee pasand hai.

I like the brown bread in the small cafe in downtown Shanghai. म� श�घई शहरके� म� छोटे कै फे की भूरी रोटी पसंद करता �ं। main shenghee shaharakendr mein chhote kaiphe kee bhooree rotee pasand karata hoon.

Adjective placement

वा�ों म� िवशेषण vaakyon mein visheshan

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 130

Rule: Adjective placement is similar in English and Hindi. िनयम: अंग्रेजी और िहंदी म� िवशेषण श�ो की जगह समान है। niyam: angrejee aur hindee mein visheshan shabdo kee jagah samaan hai.

I have a red car. मेरे पास एक लाल कार है। mere paas ek laal kaar hai.

Today was a very hot day. आज ब�त गम� िदन था। aaj bahut garm din tha.

I am very happy to see my friends. म� अपने दो�ों को दे खकर ब�त खुश �ं। main apane doston ko dekhakar bahut khush hoon.

Everyone is glad to see you. आपको दे खकर सभी खुश ह�। aapako dekhakar sabhee khush hain.

The children had a fun day at the beach. ब�ों का समुद्र तट पर एक मजेदार िदन था। bachchon ka samudr tat par ek majedaar din tha.

He was sitting quietly and was sad. वह चुपचाप बैठा था और दुखी था। vah chupachaap baitha tha aur dukhee tha.

She is angry because he forgot her birthday. वह गु�े म� है �ोंिक वह उसका ज�िदन भूल गया। vah gusse mein hai kyonki vah usaka janmadin bhool gaya.

I cannot come for lunch as I am very busy today. म� दोपहर के भोजन के िलए नहीं आ सकता �ोंिक म� आज ब�त �� �ं। main dopahar ke bhojan ke lie nahin aa sakata kyonki main aaj bahut vyast hoon.

His job is very easy. उनका काम ब�त आसान है। unaka kaam bahut aasaan hai.

A doctor's job is very difficult. ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 131 एक डॉ�र का काम ब�त मु��ल है। ek doktar ka kaam bahut mushkil hai.

The glass was full. िगलास भरा था। gilaas bhara tha.

The tree is big and beautiful. पेड़ बड़ा और सुंदर है। ped bada aur sundar hai.

The village has small shops that sell cute gifts. गांव म� छोटी दुकान� ह� जो सुंदर उपहार बेचती ह�। gaanv mein chhotee dukaanen hain jo sundar upahaar bechatee hain.

He is quite tall for his age. वह अपनी उम्र के िलए काफी लंबा है। vah apanee umr ke lie kaaphee lamba hai.

He was carrying a heavy suitcase. वह एक भारी स ूट के स ले जा रहा था। vah ek bhaaree sootakes le ja raha tha.

The mountain we climbed is very high. िजस पव�त पर हम चढ़ते ह� वह ब�त ऊं च ा है। jis parvat par ham chadhate hain vah bahut ooncha hai.

She is short, thin and has black hair. वह कद म� छोटी है, पतली है और काले बालों वाली ह�। vah kad mein chhotee hai, patalee hai aur kaale baalon vaalee hain.

His long legs help him run fast. उसकी लंबी लात� उसे तेजी से दौड़ने म� मदद करती ह�। usakee lambee laaten use tejee se daudane mein madad karatee hain.

She is smart and hard-working. वह होिशयार है और कड़ी मेहनत कर रही है। vah hoshiyaar hai aur kadee mehanat kar rahee hai.

The cruel man called him a dumb boy. क्रू र आदमी ने उसे एक बु鵍धू लड़का कहा। kroor aadamee ne use ek budhdhoo ladaka kaha.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 132

He is young but wise. वह जवान लेिकन बु��मान है। vah javaan lekin buddhimaan hai.

How are questions formed?

प्र� कै स े बनते ह�?

prashn kaise banate hain?

Rule: In English question words are at the beginning of a question. िनयम: अंग्रेजी म� प्र� श� एक प्र� की शु�आत म� ह�। niyam: angrejee mein prashn shabd ek prashn kee shuruaat mein hain.

Rule: Hindi questions words usually appear after the subject and before the verb. िनयम: िहंदी प्र� श� आमतौर पर िवषय के बाद और िक्रया से पहले प्रकट होते ह�। niyam: hindee prashn shabd aamataur par vishay ke baad aur kriya se pahale prakat hote hain.

Rule: In Hindi some questions words are placed at the beginning of a sentence. िनयम: िहंदी म� कु छ प्र� श�ों को वा� की शु�आत म� रखा जाता है। niyam: hindee mein kuchh prashn shabdon ko vaaky kee shuruaat mein rakha jaata hai.

You live in France. Do you live in France? आप फ्रांस म� रहते ह�। �ा तुम फ्रांस म� रहते हो? aap phraans mein rahate hain. kya tum phraans mein rahate ho?

You ate the apple. Did you eat the apple? आपने सेब खा िलया। �ा तुमने सेब खाया? aapane seb kha liya. kya tumane seb khaaya?

This is yours. Is this yours? यह आपका है। �ा यह तु�ारा है? yah aapaka hai. kya yah tumhaara hai?

He is from China. Is he from Japan? वह चीन से है। �ा वो जापान से है? vah cheen se hai. kya vo jaapaan se hai? ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 133

That is an old car. Is that a new car? वह एक पुरानी कार है। �ा यह एक नई कार है? vah ek puraanee kaar hai. kya yah ek naee kaar hai?

I am fine. And you? म� ठीक �ँ। और आप? main theek hoon. aur aap?

You are going. What about me? तुम जा रहे हो। और म�? tum ja rahe ho. aur main?

He runs fast. What about you? वह तेज़ दौड़ता है। और आप? vah tez daudata hai. aur aap?

I am drinking coffee. What will you drink? म� कॉफी पी रही � ◌ॅ ◌ं । तुम �ा पीओगे? main kophee pee rahee hooain. tum kya peeoge?

I gave him the letter. Who gave you the letter? म�ने उसे पत्र िदया। आपको पत्र िकसने िदया? mainne use patr diya. aapako patr kisane diya?

I came to the office on Monday. When did you come to the office? म� सोमवार को काया�लय आया था। आप काया�लय कब आए थे? main somavaar ko kaaryaalay aaya tha. aap kaaryaalay kab aae the?

I learnt from my mother. How did you learn English? म�ने अपनी मां से सीखा। तुमने अंग्रेजी कै स े सीखी? mainne apanee maan se seekha. tumane angrejee kaise seekhee?

I was not well. Why did you stay home? म� ठीक नहीं था। तुम घर �ों रहे? main theek nahin tha. tum ghar kyon rahe?

I am at home. Where do you want to go? म� घर पर �ँ। आप कहाँ जाना चाहते ह�? mein ghar par hoon. aap kahaan jaana chaahate hain?

From where did you buy the book?   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 134 आपने िकताब कहां से खरीदी? aapane kitaab kahaan se khareedee?

How much are these shoes? इन जूतों की कीमत िकतनी ह�? in jooton kee keemat kitanee hain?

Whose car is the red one? िकसकी गाड़ी लाल है? kisakee gaadee laal hai?

Which color do you like? आपको कौन सा रं ग पसंद है? aapako kaun sa rang pasand hai?

Nouns and pronoun change with gender and number

िलंग और सं�ा के साथ नाम और सव�नाम प�रवत�न

ling aur sankhya ke saath naam aur sarvanaam parivartan

English nouns are gender-neutral but have different forms for singular and plural. अंग्रेजी सं�ाएं िलंग-रिहत ह� लेिकन एकवचन और ब�वचन के िलए अलग-अलग �प रखते ह�। angrejee sangyaen ling-rahit hain lekin ekavachan aur bahuvachan ke lie alag-alag roop rakhate hain.

Hindi nouns and pronouns have gender and are different for singular and plural. िहंदी सं�ाओं और सव�नामों का िलंग होता है और एकवचन और ब�वचन के िलए अलग होते ह�। hindee sangyaon aur sarvanaamon ka ling hota hai aur ekavachan aur bahuvachan ke lie alag hote hain.

In the following sentence the Hindi pronouns change with object noun gender. िन�िल�खत वा� म� िहंदी सव�नाम सं�ा िलंग के साथ बदल जाता है। nimnalikhit vaaky mein hindee sarvanaam sangya ling ke saath badal jaata hai.

I am a girl and this is my milk. म� एक लड़की �ँ और यह मेरा दू ध है। main ek ladakee hoon aur yah mera doodh hai.

I am a boy and this is my milk. ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 135 म� एक लड़का �ँ और यह मेरा दू ध है। main ek ladaka hoon aur yah mera doodh hai.

I am a girl and this is my book. म� एक लड़की �ँ और यह मेरी िकताब है। main ek ladakee hoon aur yah meree kitaab hai.

I am a boy and this is my book. म� एक लड़का �ँ और यह मेरी िकताब है। main ek ladaka hoon aur yah meree kitaab hai.

I am a girl and these are my books. म� एक लड़की �ँ और ये मेरी िकताब� ह�। main ek ladakee hoon aur ye meree kitaaben hain.

I am a boy and these are my books. म� एक लड़का �ँ और ये मेरी िकताब� ह�। main ek ladaka hoon aur ye meree kitaaben hain.

This is my dog. यह मेरा कु � ा है। yah mera kutta hai.

This is my cat. यह मेरी िब�ी है। yah meree billee hai.

I am a father and this is my daughter. म� िपता �ं और यह मेरी बेटी है। main pita hoon aur yah meree betee hai.

I am a mother and this is my daughter. म� एक माँ �ँ और यह मेरी बेटी है। main ek maan hoon aur yah meree betee hai.

I am a father and these are my daughters. म� एक िपता �ं और ये मेरी बेिटयां ह�। main ek pita hoon aur ye meree betiyaan hain.

I am a mother and these are my daughters. म� एक मां �ँ और ये मेरी बेिटयां ह�। main ek maan hoon aur ye meree betiyaan hain.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 136

I am a father and this is my son. म� एक िपता �ँ और यह मेरा बेटा है। main ek pita hoon aur yah mera beta hai.

I am a mother and this is my son. म� एक माँ �ँ और यह मेरा बेटा है। main ek maan hoon aur yah mera beta hai.

I am a father and these are my sons. म� िपता �ं और ये मेरे बेटे ह�। main pita hoon aur ye mere bete hain.

I am a mother and these are my sons. म� एक माँ �ँ और ये मेरे बेटे ह�। main ek maan hoon aur ye mere bete hain.

Use of articles

लेखों का उपयोग

lekhon ka upayog

In English definite and indefinite articles are used. अंग्रेजी म� िनि�त और अिनि�त लेखों का उपयोग िकया जाता है। angrejee mein nishchit aur anishchit lekhon ka upayog kiya jaata hai.

Hindi sentences have no articles but there are words that can convey similar information. िहंदी वा�ों म� कोई लेख नहीं है लेिकन ऐसे श� ह� जो समान जानकारी �� कर सकते ह�। hindee vaakyon mein koee lekh nahin hai lekin aise shabd hain jo samaan jaanakaaree vyakt kar sakate hain.

A book एक िकताब ek kitaab

An apple एक सेब ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 137 ek seb

The book िकताब kitaab

Some books कु छ िकताबे kuchh kitaabe

Few apples कु छ सेब kuchh seb

This book यह िकताब yah kitaab

These books यह िकताब� yah kitaaben

That book वह िकताब vah kitaab

One book एक पु�क ek pustak

Some books कु छ िकताबे kuchh kitaabe

Some chairs कु छ कु ि स �य ा ँ kuchh kursiyaan

Few chairs कु छ कु ि स �य ा ं kuchh kursiyaan

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 138 Pronoun use

सव�नाम उपयोग

sarvanaam upayog

There are many pronouns in English as seen in the following sentences. िन�िल�खत वा� म� िदखाया गया है िक अंग्रेजी म� कई सव�नाम ह�। nimnalikhit vaaky mein dikhaya gaya hai ki angrejee mein kaee sarvanaam hain.

In Hindi the pronouns reflect the gender and number. िहंदी म� सव�नाम िलंग और सं�ा को दशा�त करते ह�। hindee mein sarvanaam ling aur sankhya ko darshaat karte hain.

A man says: I eat एक आदमी कहता है: म� खाता �ँ ek aadamee kahata hai: main khaata hoon

A woman says: I eat एक मिहला कहती है: म� खाती �ँ ek mahila kahatee hai: main khaatee hoon

To a man: You eat एक आदमी के िलए: आप खाते ह� ek aadamee ke lie: aap khaate hain

To a woman: You eat एक मिहला के िलए: आप खाती ह� ek mahila ke lie: aap khaatee hain he eats. वह खाता है। vah khaata hai. she eats. वह खाती है। vah khaatee hai.

Men say: we eat. ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 139 पु�ष कहते ह�: हम खाते ह�। purush kahate hain: ham khaate hain.

Women say: We eat. मिहलाएं कहती ह�: हम खाती ह�। mahilaen kahatee hain: ham khaatee hain.

To men: They eat पु�षों के िलए: वे खाते ह� purushon ke lie: ve khaate hain

To women: They eat मिहलाओं के िलए: वे खाती ह� mahilaon ke lie: ve khaatee hain

He gave me a book. उसने मुझे एक िकताब दी। usane mujhe ek kitaab dee.

He gave you a book उसने आपको एक िकताब दी usane aapako ek kitaab dee

He gave him a book. उसने उसे एक िकताब दी। usane use ek kitaab dee.

He gave her a book. उसने उसे एक िकताब दी। usane use ek kitaab dee.

He gave us a book. उसने हम� एक िकताब दी। usane hamen ek kitaab dee.

He gave them a book. उसने उ�� एक िकताब दी। usane unhen ek kitaab dee.

This is my book. यह मेरी िकताब है। yah meree kitaab hai.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 140

This is your book. यह आपकी िकताब है। yah aapakee kitaab hai.

This is his book. यह उनकी िकताब है। yah unakee kitaab hai.

This is her book. यह उसकी िकताब है। yah usakee kitaab hai.

This is our book. यह हमारी िकताब है। yah hamaaree kitaab hai.

This is their book. यह उनकी िकताब है। yah unakee kitaab hai.

The book is mine. पु�क मेरी है। pustak meree hai.

The dog is mine. कु � ा मेरा है। kutta mera hai.

The cat is his. िब�ी उसकी है। billee usakee hai.

The cat is hers. िब�ी उसकी है। billee usakee hai.

The dog is his and the cat is his. कु � ा उसका है और िब�ी उसकी है। kutta usaka hai aur billee usakee hai.

The dog is hers and the cat is hers. ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 141 कु � ा उसका है और िब�ी उसकी है। kutta usaka hai aur billee usakee hai.

Tense and verbs

काल और िक्रयाएं

kaal aur kriyaen

In English verbs are conjugated and change their form to represent tense and number. अंग्रेजी िक्रयाओं के �प काल और सं�ा के िलए बदलते ह�। angrejee kriyaon ke roop kaal aur sankhya ke lie badalate hain.

In Hindi the verbs are conjugated to reflect tense, gender and number. िहंदी म� िक्रयाएं काल, िलंग और सं�ा को दशा�ने के िलए बदलते ह�। hindee mein kriyaen kaal, ling aur sankhya ko darshaane ke lie badalate hain.

In Hindi the verb agrees with the object or the subject depending on the use. िहंदी म� िक्रया उ�े � के आधार पर व�ु या िवषय से सहमत होती है। hindee mein kriya uddeshy ke aadhaar par vastu ya vishay se sahamat hotee hai.

Who is eating a banana? She is eating a banana. के ल ा कौन खा रहा है? वह के ल ा खा रही है। kela kaun kha raha hai? vah kela kha rahee hai.

Who is eating a banana? He is eating a banana. के ल ा कौन खा रहा है? वह के ल ा खा रहा है। kela kaun kha raha hai? vah kela kha raha hai.

She ate a carrot and she ate an apple. उसने एक गाजर खाई और उसने एक सेब खाया। usane ek gaajar khaee aur usane ek seb khaaya.

He ate a carrot and he ate an apple. उसने एक गाजर खाई और उसने एक सेब खाया। usane ek gaajar khaee aur usane ek seb khaaya.

The men are eating lunch.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 142 पु�ष दोपहर का खाना खा रहे ह�। purush dopahar ka khaana kha rahe hain.

The women are eating lunch. मिहलाएं दोपहर का खाना खा रही ह�। mahilaen dopahar ka khaana kha rahee hain.

I am a girl and I bought a mango. म� एक लड़की �ँ और म�ने एक आम खरीदा। main ek ladakee hoon aur mainne ek aam khareeda.

What did you buy? I bought a mango. तुम ने �ा खरीदा? म�ने एक आम खरीदा। tum ne kya khareeda? mainne ek aam khareeda.

I am a girl and I am buying a mango म� एक लड़की �ं और म� आम खरीद रही �ं । main ek ladakee hoon aur main aam khareed rahee hoon .

I am a girl and I bought a chilli. म� एक लड़की �ं और म�ने एक िमच� खरीदी । main ek ladakee hoon aur mainne ek mirch khareedee .

I am a girl and I am buying a chilli. म� एक लड़की �ँ और म� एक िमच� खरीद रही �ँ। main ek ladakee hoon aur main ek mirch khareed rahee hoon.

What did you buy? I bought a chilli. तुम ने �ा खरीदा? म�ने एक िमच� खरीदी। tum ne kya khareeda? mainne ek mirch khareedee.

I am a boy and I bought a mango. म� एक लड़का �ँ और म�ने एक आम खरीदा। main ek ladaka hoon aur mainne ek aam khareeda.

I am a boy and I am buying a mango म� एक लड़का �ँ और म� आम खरीद रहा �ं main ek ladaka hoon aur main aam khareed raha hoon

I am a boy and I bought a chilli. म� एक लड़का �ँ और म�ने एक िमच� खरीदी। main ek ladaka hoon aur mainne ek mirch khareedee. ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 143

I am a boy and I am buying a chilli. म� एक लड़का �ँ और म� एक िमच� खरीद रहा �ँ। main ek ladaka hoon aur main ek mirch khareed raha hoon.

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 144 VERB CONJUGATIONS

िक्रया ि◌वकार

kriya vikaar

to be

होना

hona

I am a student. म� छात्र �ँ (M) main chhaatr hoon

You are a student. तू छात्र है; तुम छात्र हो (M, Informal) too chhaatr hain: tum chhaatr ho

He is a student. वह छात्र है (M) vah chhatra hai

We are students. हम छात्र ह� (M) ham chhaatr hain

You are students. आप छात्र ह� (M, Pl you and Sgl Formal you) aap chhaatr hain

They are students. ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 145 वे छात्र ह� (M) vo chhaatr hain

I am a student. म� छात्रा �ँ (F) main chhaatra hoon

You are a student. तू छात्रा है; तुम छात्रा हो (F, Informal) too chhaatra hai: tum chhaatra ho

She is a student. वह छात्रा है (F) vah chhaatra hai

We are students. हम छात्रा ह� (F) ham chhaatra hain

You are students. आप छात्रा ह� (F, Pl and Sgl Formal you) aap chhaatra hain

They are students. वे छात्रा ह� (F) vah chhaatra hain

I used to be a child. म� ब�ा �आ करता था (M) main bachcha hua karata tha

You used to be a child. तू ब�ा �आ करता था (M, Informal) too bachcha hua karate the

He used to be a child. वह ब�ा �आ करता था (M) vah bachcha hua karata tha

We used to be children. हम ब�े �आ करते थे (M) ham bachche hua karate the   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 146

You used to be children. आप ब�े �आ करते थे (M, Pl and Sgl Formal you) aap bachche hua karate the

They used to be children. वे ब�े �आ करते थे (M) ve bachche hua karate the

I used to be a child. म� ब�ी �आ करती थी (F) main bachchee hua karatee thee

You used to be a child. तू ब�ी �आ करती थी (F, Informal) too bachchee hua karatee thee

She used to be a child. वह ब�ी �आ करती थी (F) vah bachchee hua karatee thee

We used to be children. हम ब��आं �आ करती थीं (F) ham bachchiaan hua karatee theen

You used to be children. आप ब�ी �आ करती थीं (F, Pl and Sgl Formal you) aap bachchee hua karatee theen

They used to be children. वे ब��ि◌आं �आ करती थीं (F) ve bachchiiaan hua karatee theen

I was a boy. म� एक लड़का था (M) main ek ladaka tha

You were a boy. तू एक ल ड़ के था; तुम एक ल ड़ के थे (M) Informal: too ek ladake tha: tum ek ladake the

He was a boy. ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 147 वह एक लड़का था (M) vah ek ladaka tha

We were boys. हम ल ड़ के थे (M) ham ladake the

You were boys. आप ल ड़ के थे (M, Pl and Sgl Formal you) aap ladake the

They were boys. वे ल ड़ के थे (M) ve ladake the

I was a girl. म� एक लड़की थी (F) main ek ladakee thee

You were a girl. तू एक लड़की थी (F, Informal) too ek ladakee thee

She was a girl. वह एक लड़की थी (F) vah ek ladakee thee

We were girls. हम लड़िकयाँ थीं (F) ham ladakiyaan theen

You were boys. आप लड़िकयाँ थीं, आप एक लड़की थीं (F, Pl and Sgl Formal you) aap ladakiyaan theen, aap ek ladakee theen

They were girls. वे लड़िकयाँ थीं (F) ve ladakiyaan theen

I will be there. म� वहां होऊंगा M, main vahaan hooonga   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 148

You will be there. तू वहां होगा M, Informal: too vahan hogaa.

He will be there. वह वहाँ होगा M, vah vahaan hoga

We will be there. हम वहा होंगे M, ham vaha honge

You will be there. आप सब वहाँ होंगे (M, Pl and Sgl Formal) aap sab vahaan honge

They will be there. वे वहां होंगे M, ve vahaan honge

I will be there. म� वहां होऊंगी F, main vahaan hooongee

You will be there. तू वहां होगी F, Informal: too vahaan hogee

She will be there. वह वहाँ होगी F, vah vahaan hogee

We will be there. हम वहा होंगे F, ham vaha honge

You will be there. आप वहाँ होंगे (F, Pl and Snl Formal) aap vahaan honge

They will be there. ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 149 वे वहां होंगे F, ve vahaan honge

to have

पास होना paas hona

I have shoes. मेरे पास जूते ह� (M, shoe is masculine) mere paas joote hain

You have shoes. तेरे पास जूते ह� (M, Informal) shoe is masculine: tere paas joote hain

He has shoes. उ स के पास जूते ह� (M, shoe is masculine) usake paas joote hain

We have shoes. हमारे पास जूते ह� (M, shoe is masculine) hamaare paas joote hain

You have shoes. आपके पास जूते ह� (M, Pl and Sgl Formal) shoe is masculine: aapake paas joote hain

They have shoes. उ न के पास जूते ह� (M, shoe is masculine) unake paas joote hain

I have shoes. मेरे पास जूते ह� (F, shoe is masculine) mere paas joote hain

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 150 You have shoes. तेरे पास जूते ह� (F, Informal, shoe is masculine) tere paas joote hain

She has shoes. उ स के पास जूते ह� (F, shoe is masculine) usake paas joote hain

We have shoes. हमारे पास जूते ह� (F, shoe is masculine) hamaare paas joote hain

You have shoes. आपके पास जूते ह� (F, Pl and Sgl Formal you) shoe is masculine: aapake paas joote hain

They have shoes. उ न के पास जूते ह� (F, shoe is masculine) unake paas joote hain

I used to have a watch. मेरे पास एक घड़ी होती थी (M, watch is feminine) mere paas ek ghadee hotee thee

You used to have a watch. तेरे पास एक घड़ी होती थी (M, watch is feminine) tere paas ek ghadee hotee thee

He used to have a watch. उ स के पास एक घड़ी होती थी (M, watch is feminine) usake paas ek ghadee hotee thee

We used to have watches. हमारे पास घिड़यां होती थीं (M, watch is feminine) hamaare paas ghadiyaan hotee theen

You used to have watches. आप के पास घिड़यां होती थीं (M, watch is feminine) aap ke paas ghadiyaan hotee theen

They used to have watches. उ न के पास घिड़यां होती थीं ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 151 (M, watch is feminine) unake paas ghadiyaan hotee theen

I used to have a watch. मेरे पास एक घड़ी होती थी (F, watch is feminine) mere paas ek ghadee hotee thee

You used to have a watch. तेरे पास एक घड़ी होती थी (F, watch is feminine) tere paas ek ghadee hotee thee

He used to have a watch. उ स के पास एक घड़ी होती थी (F, watch is feminine) usake paas ek ghadee hotee thee

We used to have watches. हमारे पास घिड़यां होती थीं (F, watch is feminine) hamaare paas ghadiyaan hotee theen

You used to have watches. आप के पास घिड़यां होती थीं (F, watch is feminine) aap ke paas ghadiyaan hotee theen

They used to have watches. उ न के पास घिड़यां होती थीं (F, watch is feminine) unake paas ghadiyaan hotee theen

I had a book. मेरे पास एक िकताब थी (M, book is feminine) mere paas ek kitaab thee

You had a book. तेरे पास एक िकताब थी (M, Informal, book is feminine) tere paas ek kitaab thee

He had a book. उ स के पास एक िकताब थी (M, book is feminine) usake paas ek kitaab thee

We had books. हमारे पास िकताब� थीं (M, book is feminine) hamaare paas kitaaben theen

You had books.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 152 आपके पास िकताब� थीं (M, book is feminine) aapake paas kitaaben theen

They had books. उ न के पास िकताब� थीं (M, book is feminine) unake paas kitaaben theen

I had a book. मेरे पास एक िकताब थी (M, book is feminine) mere paas ek kitaab thee

You had a book. तेरे पास एक िकताब थी (M, Informal, book is feminine) tere paas ek kitaab thee

He had a book. उ स के पास एक िकताब थी (M, book is feminine) usake paas ek kitaab thee

We had books. हमारे पास िकताब� थीं (M, book is feminine) hamaare paas kitaaben theen

You had books. आपके पास िकताब� थीं (M, Pl and Sgl Formal, book is feminine) aapake paas kitaaben theen

They had books. उ न के पास िकताब� थीं (M, book is feminine) unake paas kitaaben theen

I will have a daughter and will have a son. मेरी एक बेटी होगी और एक बेटा होगा (M, daughter is feminine, son is masculine.) meree ek betee hogee aur ek beta hoga

You will have a daughter and will have a son. तेरी एक बेटी होगी और एक बेटा होगा (M, Informal: daughter is fem. son is masc.) teree ek betee hogee aur ek beta hoga

He will have a daughter and will have a son. उसकी एक बेटी होगी और एक बेटा होगा (M, daughter is fem. son is masc.) usakee ek betee hogee aur ek beta hoga ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 153

We will have a daughter and will have a son. हमारी एक बेटी होगी और एक बेटा होगा (M, daughter is fem. son is masc.) hamaaree ek betee hogee aur ek beta hoga

You will have a daughter and will have a son. आपकी एक बेटी होगी और एक बेटा होगा (M, daughter is fem. son is masc.) aapkee ek betee hogee aur ek beta hoga

They will have a daughter and will have a son. उनकी एक बेटी होगी और एक बेटा होगा (M, daughter is fem. son is masc.) unakee ek betee hogee aur ek beta hoga

I will have a daughter and will have a son. मेरी एक बेटी होगी और एक बेटा होगा (F, daughter is fem. son is masc.) meree ek betee hogee aur ek beta hoga

You will have a daughter and will have a son. तेरी एक बेटी होगी और एक बेटा होगा (F, Informal: daughter is fem. son is masc.) teree ek betee hogee aur ek beta hoga

He will have a daughter and will have a son. उसकी एक बेटी होगी और एक बेटा होगा (F, daughter is fem. son is masc.) usakee ek betee hogee aur ek beta hoga

We will have a daughter and will have a son. हमारी एक बेटी होगी और एक बेटा होगा (F, daughter is fem. son is masc.) hamaaree ek betee hogee aur ek beta hoga

You will have a daughter and will have a son. आपकी एक बेटी होगी और एक बेटा होगा (F, daughter is fem. son is masc.) aapkee ek betee hogee aur ek beta hoga

They will have a daughter and will have a son. उनकी एक बेटी होगी और एक बेटा होगा (F, daughter is fem. son is masc.) unakee ek betee hogee aur ek beta hoga

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 154

to do

बनाना

banaana

I make tea and I am making coffee. म� चाय बनाता �ँ और म� काफी बना रहा �ँ (M) main chaay banaata hoon aur main kaaphee bana raha hoon

You make tea and you're making coffee. तू चाय बनाता है और तू काफी बना रहा है (M, Informal) too chaay banaata hai aur too kaaphee bana raha hai

He makes tea and he's making coffee. वह चाय बनाता है और वह काफी बना रहा है (M) vah chaay banaata hai aur vah kaaphee bana raha hai

We make tea and we're making coffee. हम चाय बनाते ह� और हम काफी बना रहे ह� (M) ham chaay banaate hain aur ham kaaphee bana rahe hain

You make tea and you're making coffee. आप चाय बनाते ह� और आप काफी बना रहे ह� (M, Pl and Sgl formal) aap chaay banaate hain aur aap kaaphee bana rahe hain

They make tea they're making coffee. वे चाय बनाते ह� और वे काफी बना रहे ह� (M) ve chaay banaate hain aur ve kaaphee bana rahe hain

I make tea and I am making coffee. म� चाय बनाती �ँ और म� काफी बना रही �ँ (F) main chaay banaatee hoon aur main kaaphee bana rahee hoon

You make tea and you're making coffee. तू चाय बनाती है और तू काफी बना रही है ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 155 (F, Informal) too chaay banaatee hai aur too kaaphee bana rahee hai

She makes tea and he's making coffee. वह चाय बनाती है और वह काफी बना रही है (F) vah chaay banaatee hai aur vah kaaphee bana rahee hai

We make tea and we're making coffee. हम चाय बनाती ह� और हम काफी बना रही ह� (F) ham chaay banaatee hain aur ham kaaphee bana rahee hain

You make tea and you're making coffee. आप चाय बनाती ह� और आप काफी बना रही ह� (F, Pl and Sgl formal) aap chaay banaatee hain aur aap kaaphee bana rahee hain

They make tea they're making coffee. वे चाय बनाती ह� और वे काफी बना रही ह� (F) ve chaay banaatee hain aur ve kaaphee bana rahee hain

I used to make butter. म� म�न बनाया करता था (M) main makkhan banaaya karata tha

You used to make butter. तू म�न बनाया करता था (M, informal) too makkhan banaaya karata tha

He used to make butter. वह म�न बनाया करता था (M) vah makkhan banaaya karata tha

We used to make butter. हम म�न बनाया करते थे (M) ham makkhan banaaya karate the

You used to make butter. आप म�न बनाया करते थे (M, Pl and Sgl Formal) aap makkhan banaaya karate the

They used to make butter. वे म�न बनाया करते थे (M) ve makkhan banaaya karate the

I used to make butter.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 156 म� म�न बनाया करती थी (F) main makkhan banaaya karatee thee

You used to make butter. तुम म�न बनाया करती थीं (F, Informal) tum makkhan banaaya karatee theen

He used to make butter. वह म�न बनाया करती थी (F) vah makkhan banaaya karatee thee

We used to make butter. हम म�न बनाया करती थीं (F) ham makkhan banaaya karatee theen

You used to make butter. आप म�न बनाया करती थीं (F, PL and Sgl Formal) aap makkhan banaaya karatee theen

They used to make butter. वे म�न बनाया करती थीं (F) ve makkhan banaaya karatee theen

I made eggs and made tea. म�ने अंडे बनाये और चाय बनाई (M, eggs are masc., tea is fem.) mainne ande banaaye aur chaay banaee

You made eggs and made tea. तुमने अंडे बनाये और चाय बनाई (M, eggs are masc., tea is fem.) tumane ande banaaye aur chaay banaee

He made eggs and made tea. उसने अंडे बनाये और चाय बनाई (M, eggs are masc., tea is fem.) usane ande banaaye aur chaay banaee

We made eggs and made tea. हमने अंडे बनाये और चाय बनाई (M, eggs are masc., tea is fem.) hamane ande banaaye aur chaay banaee

You made eggs and made tea. आप ने अंडे बनाये और चाय बनाई (M, eggs are masc., tea is fem.) aap ne ande banaaye aur chaay banaee ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 157

They made eggs and made tea. उ�ोंने अंडे बनाये और चाय बनाई (M, eggs are masc., tea is fem.) unhonne ande banaaye aur chaay banaee

I made eggs and made tea. म�ने अंडे बनाये और चाय बनाई (F, eggs are masc., tea is fem.) mainne ande banaaye aur chaay banaee

You made eggs and made tea. तुमने अंडे बनाये और चाय बनाई (F, eggs are masc., tea is fem.) tumane ande banaaye aur chaay banaee

He made eggs and made tea. उसने अंडे बनाये और चाय बनाई (F, eggs are masc., tea is fem.) usane ande banaaye aur chaay banaee

We made eggs and made tea. हमने अंडे बनाये और चाय बनाई (F, eggs are masc., tea is fem.) hamane ande banaaye aur chaay banaee

You made eggs and made tea. आप ने अंडे बनाये और चाय बनाई (F, eggs are masc., tea is fem.) aap ne ande banaaye aur chaay banaee

They made eggs and made tea. उ�ोंने अंडे बनाये और चाय बनाई (F, eggs are masc., tea is fem.) unhonne ande banaaye aur chaay banaee

I will make soup. म� सूप बनाउंगा (M) main soop banaunga

You will make soup. तुम सूप बनाअ◌ो गे (M) tum soop banaaao ge

He will make soup. वह सूप बना बनायेगे (M) vah soop bana banaayege

We will make soup.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 158 हम सूप बनाय�गे (M) ham soop banaayenge

You will make soup. आप सब सूप बनाय�गे (M, Pl and Sgl Formal) aap sab soop banaayenge

They will make soup. वे सूप बनाय�गे (M) ve soop banaayenge

I will make soup. म� सूप बनाउंगी (F) main soop banaungee

You will make soup. तुम सूप बनाअ◌ो गी (F) tum soop banaaao gee

She will make soup. वह सूप बना बनाये गी (F) vah soop bana banaaye gee

We will make soup. हम सूप बनाय� गी (F) ham soop banaayen gee

You will make soup. आप सब सूप बनाय� गी (F, Pl and Sgl Formal you) aap sab soop banaayen gee

They will make soup. वे सूप बनाय� गी (F) ve soop banaayen gee

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 159 to go

जाना

jaana

I go to the market and am going going home. म� बाज़ार जाता �ँ और घर जा रहा �ँ (M) main baazaar jaata hoon aur ghar ja raha hoon

You go to the market and are going home. तू बाजार जाता है और घर जा रहा है (M, Informal) too baajaar jaata hai aur ghar ja raha hai

He goes to the market and is going home. वह बाजार जाता है और घर जा रहा है (M) vah baajaar jaata hai aur ghar ja raha hai

We go to the market and are going home. हम बाजार जाते ह� और घर जा रहे ह� (M) ham baajaar jaate hain aur ghar ja rahe hain

You go to the market and are going home. आप बाजार जाते ह� और घर जा रहे ह� (M, Pl and Sgl formal) aap baajaar jaate hain aur ghar ja rahe hain

They go to the market and are going home. वे बाजार जाते ह� और घर जा रहे ह� (M) ve baajaar jaate hain aur ghar ja rahe hain

I go to the market and am going going home. म� बाज़ार जाती �ँ और घर जा रही �ँ (F) main baazaar jaatee hoon aur ghar ja rahee hoon

You go to the market and are going home. तू बाजार जाती है और घर जा रही है (F, Informal) too baajaar jaatee hai aur ghar ja rahee hai

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 160 She goes to the market and is going home. वह बाजार जाती है और घर जा रही है (F) vah baajaar jaatee hai aur ghar ja rahee hai

We go to the market and are going home. हम बाजार जाती ह� और घर जा रही ह� (F) ham baajaar jaatee hain aur ghar ja rahee hain

You go to the market and are going home. आप बाजार जाती ह� और घर जा रही ह� (F, Pl and Sgl formal) aap baajaar jaatee hain aur ghar ja rahee hain

They go to the market and are going home. वे बाजार जाती ह� और घर जा रही ह� (F) ve baajaar jaatee hain aur ghar ja rahee hain

I used to go to the shop. म� दुकान म� जाया करता था (M) main dukaan mein jaaya karata tha

You used to go to the shop. तुम दुकान म� जाया करते थे (M, informal) tum dukaan mein jaaya karate the

He used to go to the shop. वह दुकान म� जाया करता था (M) vah dukaan mein jaaya karata tha

We used to go to the shop. हम दुकान म� जाया करते थे (M) ham dukaan mein jaaya karate the

You used to go to the shop. आप दुकान म� जाया करते थे (M, PL and Sgl Formal) aap dukaan mein jaaya karate the

They used to go to the shop. वे दुकान म� जाया करते थे (M) ve dukaan mein jaaya karate the

I used to go to the shop. म� दुकान म� जाया करती थी ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 161 (F) main dukaan mein jaaya karatee thee

You used to go to the shop. तुम दुकान म� जाया करती थी (F, Informal) tum dukaan mein jaaya karatee thee

She used to go to the shop. वह दुकान म� जाया करती थी (F) vah dukaan mein jaaya karatee thee

We used to go to the shop. हम दुकान म� जाया करती थीं (F) ham dukaan mein jaaya karatee theen

You used to go to the shop. आप दुकान म� जाया करती थीं (F, Pl and Sgl formal) aap dukaan mein jaaya karatee theen

They used to go to the shop. वे दुकान म� जाया करती थी (F) ve dukaan mein jaaya karatee thee

I went to the house. म� घर गया था (M) main ghar gaya tha

You went to the house. तुम घर गए थे (M, informal) tum ghar gae the

He went to the house. वह घर गया था (M) vah ghar gaya tha

We went to the house. हम घर गए थे (M) ham ghar gae the

You went to the house. आप घर गए थे (M, Pl and Sgl informal you) aap ghar gae the

They went to the house.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 162 वे घर गये थे (M) ve ghar gaye the

I went to the house. म� घर गई थी (F) main ghar gaee thee

You went to the house. तुम घर गई थी (F, informal) tum ghar gaee thee

She went to the house. वह घर गई थी (F) vah ghar gaee thee

We went to the house. हम घर गए थे (F) ham ghar gae the

You went to the house. आप घर गए थे (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap ghar gae the

They went to the house. वे घर गये थे (F) ve ghar gaye the

I will go to the museum. म� संग्रहालय जाउं गा (M) main sangrahaalay jaunga

You will go to the museum. तुम संग्रहालय जाओगे (M, Informal) tum sangrahaalay jaoge

He will go to the museum. वह संग्रहालय जाएगा (M) vah sangrahaalay jaega

We will go to the museum. हम संग्रहालय ज ा एं ग े (M) ham sangrahaalay jaenge ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 163

You will go to the museum. आप संग्रहालय जाओगे (M, Pl and Sgl Formal) aap sangrahaalay jaoge

They will go to the museum. वे संग्रहालय ज ा एं ग े (M) ve sangrahaalay jaenge

I will go to the museum. म� संग्रहालय जाउं गी (F) main sangrahaalay jaungee

You will go to the museum. तुम संग्रहालय जाओगी (F, informal) tum sangrahaalay jaogee

She will go to the museum. वह संग्रहालय जाएगी (F) vah sangrahaalay jaegee

We will go to the museum. हम संग्रहालय ज ा एं ग ी (F) ham sangrahaalay jaengee

You will go to the museum. आप संग्रहालय जाओगे (F, Pl and Sgl Formal) aap sangrahaalay jaoge

They will go the museum. वे संग्रहालय ज ा एं ग े (F) ve sangrahaalay jaenge

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 164

to come

आना

aana

I come to the shop and am coming home. म� दुकान म� आता �ँ और घर आ रहा �ँ (M) main dukaan mein aata hoon aur ghar aa raha hoon

You come to the shop and are coming home. तू दुकान म� आता है और घर आ रहा है (M, Informal) too dukaan mein aata hai aur ghar aa raha hai

He comes to the shop and is coming home. वह दुकान म� आता है और घर आ रहा है (M) vah dukaan mein aata hai aur ghar aa raha hai

We come to the shop and are coming home. हम दुकान म� आते ह� और घर आ रहे ह� (M) ham dukaan mein aate hain aur ghar aa rahe hain

You come to the shop and are coming home. आप दुकान म� आते ह� और घर आ रहे ह� (M, Pl and Sgl formal) aap dukaan mein aate hain aur ghar aa rahe hain

They come to the shop and are coming home. वे दुकान म� आते ह� और घर आ रहे ह� (M) ve dukaan mein aate hain aur ghar aa rahe hain

I come to the shop and am coming home. म� दुकान म� आती �ँ और घर आ रही �ँ (F) main dukaan mein aatee hoon aur ghar aa rahee hoon

You come to the shop and are coming home. तू दुकान म� आती है और घर आ रही है ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 165 (F, Informal) too dukaan mein aatee hai aur ghar aa rahee hai

She comes to the shop and is coming home. वह दुकान म� आती है और घर आ रही है (F) vah dukaan mein aatee hai aur ghar aa rahee hai

We come to the shop and are coming home. हम दुकान म� आती ह� और घर आ रही ह� (F) ham dukaan mein aatee hain aur ghar aa rahee hain

You come to the shop and are coming home. आप दुकान म� आते हो और घर आ रही ह� (F, Pl and Sgl formal) aap dukaan mein aate ho aur ghar aa rahee hain

They come to the shop and are coming home. वे दुकान म� आती ह� और घर आ रही ह� (F) ve dukaan mein aatee hain aur ghar aa rahee hain

I used to come home everyday. म� हर रोज घर आया करता था (M) main har roj ghar aaya karata tha

You used to come home everyday. तू हर रोज घर आया करता था (M, Informal) too har roj ghar aaya karata tha

He used to come home everyday. वह हर रोज घर आया करता था (M) vah har roj ghar aaya karata tha

We used to come home everyday. हम हर रोज घर आया करते थे (M) ham har roj ghar aaya karate the

You used to come home everyday. आप हर रोज घर आया करते थे (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap har roj ghar aaya karate the

They used to come home everyday. वे हर रोज घर आया करते थे (M) ve har roj ghar aaya karate the

I used to come home everyday.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 166 म� हर रोज घर आया करती थी (F) main har roj ghar aaya karatee thee

You used to come home everyday. तू हर रोज घर आया करती थी (F, informal) too har roj ghar aaya karatee thee

She used to come home everyday. वह हर रोज घर आया करती थी (F) vah har roj ghar aaya karatee thee

We used to come home everyday. हम हर रोज घर आया करती थीं (F) ham har roj ghar aaya karatee theen

You used to come home everyday. आप हर रोज घर आया करती थीं (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap har roj ghar aaya karatee theen

They used to come home everyday. वे हर रोज घर आया करती थीं (F) ve har roj ghar aaya karatee theen

I came home everyday. म� हर रोज घर आता था (M) main har roj ghar aata tha

You came home everyday. तू हर रोज़ घर आता था; तुम हर रोज़ घर आते थे (M, informal) too har roz ghar aata tha: tum har roz ghar aate the

He came home everyday. वह हर रोज घर आता था (M) vah har roj ghar aata tha

We came home everyday. हम हर रोज़ घर आते थे (M) ham har roz ghar aate the

You come home everyday. आप हर रोज़ घर आते थे (M, Pl an Sgl formal you) aap har roz ghar aate the ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 167

They came home everyday. वे हर रोज़ घर आते थे (M) ve har roz ghar aate the

I came home everyday. म� हर रोज घर आती थी (F) main har roj ghar aatee thee

You came home everyday. तू हर रोज़ घर आती थी; तुम हर रोज़ घर आती थीं (F, informal) too har roz ghar aatee thee: tum har roz ghar aatee theen

She came home everyday. वह हर रोज घर आती थी (F) vah har roj ghar aatee thee

We came home everyday. हम हर रोज़ घर आती थीं (F) ham har roz ghar aatee theen

You come home everyday. आप हर रोज़ घर आती थीं (F, Pl an Sgl formal you) aap har roz ghar aatee theen

They came home everyday. वे हर रोज़ घर आती थीं (F) ve har roz ghar aatee theen

I will come back. म� वापस आ ऊं ग ा (M) main vaapas aaoonga

You will come back. तू वापस आऐगा; तुम वापस आओगे (M, informal) too vaapas aaaiga: tum vaapas aaoge

He will come back. वह वापस आएगा। (M) vah vaapas aaega.

We will come back.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 168 हम वापस आ एं ग े (M) ham vaapas aaenge

You will come back. आप वापस आओगे (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap vaapas aaoge

They will come back. वे वापस आय�गे (M) ve vaapas aayenge

I will come back. म� वापस आ ऊं ग ी (F) main vaapas aaoongee

You will come back. तू वापस आऐगी; तुम वापस आओगे (F, informal) too vaapas aaaigee: tum vaapas aaoge

She will come back. वह वापस आएगी (F) vah vaapas aaegee

We will come back. हम वापस आएंगी (F) ham vaapas aaengee

You will come back. आप वापस आओगी (F, Pl and Sgl formal) aap vaapas aaogee

They will come back. वे वापस आय�गी (F) ve vaapas aayengee

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 169 to be able to

कर सकना kar sakana

I can read. म� पढ़ सकता �ं (M) main padh sakata hoon

You can read. तू पढ़ सकता है; तुम पढ़ सकते हो (M, informal) too padh sakata hai tum padh sakate ho

He can read. वह पढ़ सकता है (M) vah padh sakata hai

We can read. हम पढ़ सकते ह� (M) ham padh sakate hain

You can read. आप पढ़ सकते ह� (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap padh sakate hain

They can read. वे पढ़ सकते ह� (M) ve padh sakate hain

I can read. म� पढ़ सकती �ं (F) main padh sakatee hoon

You can read. तू पढ़ सकती है; तुम पढ़ सकती हो (F, informal) too padh sakatee hai: tum padh sakatee ho

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 170 She can read. वह पढ़ सकती है (F) vah padh sakatee hai

We can read. हम पढ़ सकती ह� (F) ham padh sakatee hain

You can read. आप पढ़ सकतीह� (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap padh sakateehain

They can read. वे पढ़ सकती ह� (F) ve padh sakatee hain

I used to be able to dance. म� नाच कर सकता होता था (M) main naach kar sakata hota tha

You used to be able to dance. तू नाच कर सकता होता था (M, Informal) too naach kar sakata hota tha

He used to be able to dance. वह नाच कर सकता होता था (M) vah naach kar sakata hota tha

We used to be able to dance. हम नाच कर सकते होते थे (M) ham naach kar sakate hote the

You used to be able to dance. आप नाच कर सकते होते थे (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap naach kar sakate hote the

They used to be able to dance. वे नाच कर सकते होते थे (M) ve naach kar sakate hote the

I used to be able to dance. म� नाच कर सकती होती थी ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 171 (F) main naach kar sakatee hotee thee

You used to be able to dance. तू नाच कर सकती होती थी (F, Informal) too naach kar sakatee hotee thee

She used to be able to dance. वह नाच कर सकती होती थी (F) vah naach kar sakatee hotee thee

We used to be able to dance. हम नाच कर सकती होती थीं (F) ham naach kar sakatee hotee theen

You used to be able to dance. आप नाच कर सकती होती थीं (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap naach kar sakatee hotee theen

They used to be able to dance. वे नाच कर सकती होती थीं (F) ve naach kar sakatee hotee theen

I could dance. म� नाच सकता था (M) main naach sakata tha

You could dance. तू नाच सकता था (M, Informal) too naach sakata tha

He could dance. वह नाच सकता था (M) vah naach sakata tha

We could dance. हम नाच सकते थे (M) ham naach sakate the

You could dance. आप नाच सकते थे (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap naach sakate the

They could dance.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 172 वे नाच सकते थे (M) ve naach sakate the

I could dance. म� नाच सकती थी (F) main naach sakatee thee

You could dance. तू नाच सकती थी (F, Informal) too naach sakatee thee

She could dance. वह नाच सकती थी (F) vah naach sakatee thee

We could dance. हम नाच सकती थीं (F) ham naach sakatee theen

You could dance. आप नाच सकती थीं (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap naach sakatee theen

They could dance. वे नाच सकती थीं (F) ve naach sakatee theen

I will be able to run. म� दौड़ स कू ं ग ा (M) main daud sakoonga

You will be able to run. तू दौड़ स क� ग ा (M, Informal) too daud sakenga

He will be able to run. वह दौड़ स के ग ा (M) vah daud sakega

We will be able to run. हम दौड़ स क� गे (M) ham daud sakenge ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 173

You will be able to run. आप दौड़ सकोगे (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap daud sakoge

They will be able to run. वे दौड़ स क� ग े (M) ve daud sakenge

I will be able to run. म� दौड़ स कू ं ग ी (F) main daud sakoongee

You will be able to run. तू दौड़ स क� ग ी (F, Informal) too daud sakengee

She will be able to run. वह दौड़ स के ग ी (F) vah daud sakegee

We will be able to run. हम दौड़ स क� ग ी (F) ham daud sakengee

You will be able to run. आप दौड़ सकोगी (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap daud sakogee

They will be able to run. वे दौड़ स क� ग ी (F) ve daud sakengee

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 174

must/should

करना चािहए

karana chaahie

I should rest. मुझे आराम करना चािहए (M, rest is masculine) mujhe aaraam karana chaahie

You should rest. तुझे आराम करना चािहए (M, Informal: rest is masculine) tujhe aaraam karana chaahie

He should rest. उसे आराम करना चािहए (M, rest is masculine) use aaraam karana chaahie

We should rest. हम� आराम करना चािहए (M, rest is masculine) hamen aaraam karana chaahie

You should rest. आप को आराम करना चािहए (M, Pl and Sgl fomal you) rest is masculine) aap ko aaraam karana chaahie

They should rest. उ�� आराम करना चािहए (M, rest is masculine) unhen aaraam karana chaahie

I should rest. मुझे आराम करना चािहए (F, rest is masculine) mujhe aaraam karana chaahie

You should rest. तुझे आराम करना चािहए ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 175 (F, Informal: rest is masculine) tujhe aaraam karana chaahie

She should rest. उसे आराम करना चािहए (F, rest is masculine) use aaraam karana chaahie

We should rest. हम� आराम करना चािहए (F, rest is masculine) hamen aaraam karana chaahie

You should rest. आप को आराम करना चािहए (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) rest is masculine) aap ko aaraam karana chaahie

They should rest. उ�� आराम करना चािहए (F, rest is masculine) unhen aaraam karana chaahie

I used to have to read the book. मुझे िकताब पढ़नी पड़ती थी (M, book is feminine) mujhe kitaab padhanee padatee thee

You used to have to read the book. तुझे िकताब पढ़नी पड़ती थी (M, informal: book is feminine) tujhe kitaab padhanee padatee thee

He used to have to read the book. उसे िकताब पढ़नी पड़ती थी (M, book is feminine) use kitaab padhanee padatee thee

We used to have to read the book. हम� िकताब पढ़नी पड़ती थी (M, book is feminine) hamen kitaab padhanee padatee thee

You used to have to read the book. आप को िकताब पढ़नी पड़ती थी (M, Pl and Sgl formal you, book is feminine) aap ko kitaab padhanee padatee thee

They used to have to read the book. उ�� िकताब पढ़नी पड़ती थी (M, book is feminine) unhen kitaab padhanee padatee thee

I used to have to read the book.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 176 मुझे िकताब पढ़नी पड़ती थी (F, book is feminine) mujhe kitaab padhanee padatee thee

You used to have to read the book. तुझे िकताब पढ़नी पड़ती थी (F, book is feminine) tujhe kitaab padhanee padatee thee

She used to have to read the book. उसे िकताब पढ़नी पड़ती थी (F, book is feminine) use kitaab padhanee padatee thee

We used to have to read the book. हम� िकताब पढ़नी पड़ती थी (F, book is feminine) hamen kitaab padhanee padatee thee

You used to have to read the book. आप को िकताब पढ़नी पड़ती थी (F, Pl and Sgl formal you: book is feminine) aap ko kitaab padhanee padatee thee

They used to have to read the book. उ�� िकताब पढ़नी पड़ती थी (F, book is feminine) unhen kitaab padhanee padatee thee

I had to sleep. मुझे सोना पड़ा (M, sleep is masculine) mujhe sona pada

You had to sleep. तुझे सोना पड़ा (M, Informal: sleep is masculine) tujhe sona pada

He had to sleep. उसे सोना पड़ा (M, sleep is masculine) use sona pada

We had to sleep. हम� सोना पड़ा (M, sleep is masculine) hamen sona pada

You had to sleep. आप को सोना पड़ा (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) sleep is masculine) aap ko sona pada ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 177

They had to sleep. उ�� सोना पड़ा (M, sleep is masculine) unhen sona pada

I had to sleep. मुझे सोना पड़ा (F, sleep is masculine) mujhe sona pada

You had to sleep. तुझे सोना पड़ा (F, Informal: sleep is masculine) tujhe sona pada

He had to sleep. उसे सोना पड़ा (F, sleep is masculine) use sona pada

We had to sleep. हम� सोना पड़ा (F, sleep is masculine) hamen sona pada

You had to sleep. आप को सोना पड़ा (F, Pl and Sgl formal you, sleep is masculine) aap ko sona pada

They had to sleep. उ�� सोना पड़ा (F, sleep is masculine) unhen sona pada

I will have to read the book. मुझे िकताब पढ़नी पड़ेगी (M, book is feminine) mujhe kitaab padhanee padegee

You will have to read the book. तुझे िकताब पढ़नी पड़ेगी (M, informal: book is feminine) tujhe kitaab padhanee padegee

He will have to read the book. उसे िकताब पढ़नी पड़ेगी (M, book is feminine) use kitaab padhanee padegee

We will have to read the book.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 178 हम� िकताब पढ़नी पड़ेगी (M, book is feminine) hamen kitaab padhanee padegee

You will have to read the book. आप को िकताब पढ़नी पड़ेगी (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) book is feminine) aap ko kitaab padhanee padegee

They will have to read the book. उ�� िकताब पढ़नी पड़ेगी (M, book is feminine) unhen kitaab padhanee padegee

I will have to read the book. मुझे िकताब पढ़नी पड़ेगी (F, book is feminine) mujhe kitaab padhanee padegee

You will have to read the book. तुझे िकताब पढ़नी पड़ेगी (F, Informal: book is feminine) tujhe kitaab padhanee padegee

He will have to read the book. उसे िकताब पढ़नी पड़ेगी (F, book is feminine) use kitaab padhanee padegee

We will have to read the book. हम� िकताब पढ़नी पड़ेगी (F, book is feminine) hamen kitaab padhanee padegee

You will have to read the book. आप को िकताब पढ़नी पड़ेगी (F, Pl and Sgl formal you: book is feminine) aap ko kitaab padhanee padegee

They will have to read the book. उ�� िकताब पढ़नी पड़ेगी (F, book is feminine) unhen kitaab padhanee padegee

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 179 to want

चाहना

chaahana

I want an apple. म� एक सेब चाहता �ं (M) main ek seb chaahata hoon

You want an apple. तू एक सेब चाहता है (M, Informal) too ek seb chaahata hai

He wants an apple. वह एक सेब चाहता है (M) vah ek seb chaahata hai

We want an apple. हम एक सेब चाहते ह� (M) ham ek seb chaahate hain

You want an apple. आप एक सेब चाहते ह� (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap ek seb chaahate hain

They want an apple. वे एक सेब चाहते ह� (M) ve ek seb chaahate hain

I want an apple. म� एक सेब चाहती �ं (F) main ek seb chaahatee hoon

You want an apple. तू एक सेब चाहती है (F, Informal) too ek seb chaahatee hai

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 180 She wants an apple. वह एक सेब चाहती है (F) vah ek seb chaahatee hai

We want an apple. हम एक सेब चाहती ह� (F) ham ek seb chaahatee hain

You want an apple. आप एक सेब चाहती ह� (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap ek seb chaahatee hain

They want an apple. वे एक सेब चाहती ह� (F) ve ek seb chaahatee hain

I used to want a banana. म� के ल ा चाहता होता था (M) main kela chaahata hota tha

You used to want a banana. तू के ल ा चाहता होता था ; तुम के ल ा चाहते होते थे (M, Informal) too kela chaahata hota tha: tum kela chaahate hote the

He used to want a banana. वह के ल ा चाहता होता था (M) vah kela chaahata hota tha

We used to want banana. हम के ल ा चाहते होते थे (M) ham kela chaahate hote the

You used to want a banana. आप के ल ा चाहते होते थे (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap kela chaahate hote the

They used to want a banana. वे के ल ा चाहते होते थे (M) ve kela chaahate hote the

I used to want a banana. म� के ल ा चाहती होती थी ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 181 (F) main kela chaahatee hotee thee

You used to want a banana. तू के ल ा चाहती होती थी ; तुम के ल ा चाहते होते थे (F, Informal) too kela chaahatee hotee thee: tum kela chaahate hote the

He used to want a banana. वह के ल ा चाहती होती थी (F) vah kela chaahatee hotee thee

We used to want banana. हम के ल ा चाहते होते थे (F) ham kela chaahate hote the

You used to want a banana. आप के ल ा चाहते होते थे (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap kela chaahate hote the

They used to want a banana. वे के ल ा चाहते होते थे (F) ve kela chaahate hote the

I wanted a red car. म� एक लाल कार चाहता था (M) main ek laal kaar chaahata tha

You wanted a red car. तू एक लाल कार चाहता था (M, informal) too ek laal kaar chaahata tha

He wanted a red car. वह एक लाल कार चाहता था (M) vah ek laal kaar chaahata tha

We wanted a red car. हम एक लाल कार चाहते थे (M) ham ek laal kaar chaahate the

You wanted a red car आप एक लाल कार चाहते थे (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap ek laal kaar chaahate the

They wanted a red car.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 182 वे एक लाल कार चाहते थे (M) ve ek laal kaar chaahate the

I wanted a red car. म� एक लाल कार चाहती थी (F) main ek laal kaar chaahatee thee

You wanted a red car. तू एक लाल कार चाहती थी (F, informal) too ek laal kaar chaahatee thee

She wanted a red car. वह एक लाल कार चाहती थी (F) vah ek laal kaar chaahatee thee

We wanted a red car. हम एक लाल कार चाहते थे (F) ham ek laal kaar chaahate the

You wanted a read car आप एक लाल कार चाहते थे (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap ek laal kaar chaahate the

They wanted a red car. वे एक लाल कार चाहते थे (F) ve ek laal kaar chaahate the

I will want water. म� पानी चा�ंगा (M) main paanee chaahoonga

You will want water. तू पानी चाह�गा (M, Informal) too paanee chaahenga

He will want water. वह पानी चाहेुगा (M) vah paanee chaaheuga

We will want water. हम पानी चाह�गे (M) ham paanee chaahenge ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 183

You will want water. आप पानी चाहोगे (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap paanee chaahoge

They will want water. वे पानी चाह�गे (M) ve paanee chaahenge

I will want water. म� पानी चा�ंगी (F) main paanee chaahoongee

You will want water. तू पानी चाह�गी (F, Informal) too paanee chaahengee

She will want water. वह पानी चाहेुगी (F) vah paanee chaaheugee

We will want water. हम पानी चाह�गे (F) ham paanee chaahenge

You will want water. आप पानी चाहोगे (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap paanee chaahoge

They will want water. वे पानी चाह�गे (F) ve paanee chaahenge

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 184

to say

कहना

kahana

I say the truth. म� सच कहता �ँ (M) main sach kahata hoon

You say the truth. तू सच कहता है (M, Informal) too sach kahata hai

He says the truth. वह सच कहता है (M) vah sach kahata hai

We say the truth. हम सच कहते ह� (M) ham sach kahate hain

You say the truth. आप सच कहते ह� (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap sach kahate hain

They say the truth. वे सच कहते ह� (M) ve sach kahate hain

I say the truth. म� सच कहती �ँ (F) main sach kahatee hoon

You say the truth. तू सच कहती है ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 185 (F, Informal) too sach kahatee hai

She says the truth. वह सच कहती है (F) vah sach kahatee hai

We say the truth. हम सच कहती ह� (F) ham sach kahatee hain

You say the truth. आप सच कहती ह� (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap sach kahatee hain

They say the truth. वे सच कहती ह� (F) ve sach kahatee hain

I used to say please and thank you. म� कृ प य ा और ध�वाद कहता होता था (M) main krpaya aur dhanyavaad kahata hota tha

You used to say please and thank you. तू कृ प य ा और ध�वाद कहता होता था (M, Informal) too krpaya aur dhanyavaad kahata hota tha

He used to say please and thank you. वह कृ प य ा और ध�वाद कहता होता था (M) vah krpaya aur dhanyavaad kahata hota tha

We used to say please and thank you. हम कृ प य ा और ध�वाद कहते होते थे (M) ham krpaya aur dhanyavaad kahate hote the

You used to say please and thank you. आप कृ प य ा और ध�वाद कहते होते थे (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap krpaya aur dhanyavaad kahate hote the

They used to say please and thank you. वे कृ प य ा और ध�वाद कहते होते थे (M) ve krpaya aur dhanyavaad kahate hote the

I used to say please and thank you.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 186 म� कृ प य ा और ध�वाद कहती होती थी (F) main krpaya aur dhanyavaad kahatee hotee thee

You used to say please and thank you. तू कृ प य ा और ध�वाद कहती होती थी (F, Informal) too krpaya aur dhanyavaad kahatee hotee thee

She used to say please and thank you. वह कृ प य ा और ध�वाद कहती होती थी (F) vah krpaya aur dhanyavaad kahatee hotee thee

We used to say please and thank you. हम कृ प य ा और ध�वाद कहतीं होतीं थीं (F) ham krpaya aur dhanyavaad kahateen hoteen theen

You used to say please and thank you. आप कृ प य ा और ध�वाद कहतीं होतीं थीं (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap krpaya aur dhanyavaad kahateen hoteen theen

They used to say please and thank you. वे कृ प य ा और ध�वाद कहतीं होतीं थीं (F) ve krpaya aur dhanyavaad kahateen hoteen theen

I said thank you. म�ने कहा ध � व ा द् (M) mainne kaha dhanyavaad

You said thank you. तू ने कहा ध�वाद (M, Informal) too ne kaha dhanyavaad

He said thank you. उसने कहा ध�वाद (M) usane kaha dhanyavaad

We said thank you. हमने कहा ध�वाद (M) hamane kaha dhanyavaad

You said thank you. आप ने कहा ध�वाद (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap ne kaha dhanyavaad ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 187

They said thank you. उ�ोंने कहा ध�वाद (M) unhonne kaha dhanyavaad

I said thank you. म�ने कहा ध � व ा द् (F) mainne kaha dhanyavaad

You said thank you. तू ने कहा ध�वाद (F, Informal) too ne kaha dhanyavaad

She said thank you. उसने कहा ध�वाद (F) usane kaha dhanyavaad

We said thank you. हमने कहा ध�वाद (F) hamane kaha dhanyavaad

You said thank you. आप ने कहा ध�वाद (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap ne kaha dhanyavaad

They said thank you. उ�ोंने कहा ध�वाद (F) unhonne kaha dhanyavaad

I will say the truth. म� सच क�ंगा (M) main sach kahoonga

You will say the truth. तू सच कहेगा (M, Informal) too sach kahega

He will say the truth. वह सच कहेगा (M) vah sach kahega

We will say the truth.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 188 हम सच कह�गे (M) ham sach kahenge

You will say the truth. आप सच कह�गे (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap sach kahenge

They will say the truth. वे सच कह�गे (M) ve sach kahenge

I will say the truth. म� सच क�ंगी (F) main sach kahoongee

You will say the truth. तू सच कहेगी (F, Informal) too sach kahegee

She will say the truth. वह सच कहेगी (F) vah sach kahegee

We will say the truth. हम सच कह�गे (F) ham sach kahenge

You will say the truth. आप सच कह�गे (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap sach kahenge

They will say the truth. वे सच कह�गे (F) ve sach kahenge

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 189 to talk

बोलना

bolana

I speak slowly. म� धीरे -धीरे बोलता �ँ (M) main dheere-dheere bolata hoon

You speak slowly. तू धीरे -धीरे बोलता है (M, Informal) too dheere-dheere bolata hai

He speaks slowly. वह धीरे -धीरे बोलता है (M) vah dheere-dheere bolata hai

We speak slowly. हम धीरे -धीरे बोलते ह� (M) ham dheere-dheere bolate hain

You speak slowly. आप धीरे धीरे बोलते ह� (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap dheere dheere bolate hain

They speak slowly. वे धीरे -धीरे बोलते ह� (M) ve dheere-dheere bolate hain

I speak slowly. म� धीरे -धीरे बोलती �ँ (F) main dheere-dheere bolatee hoon

You speak slowly. तू धीरे -धीरे बोलती है (F, Informal) too dheere-dheere bolatee hai

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 190 She speaks slowly. वह धीरे -धीरे बोलती है (F) vah dheere-dheere bolatee hai

We speak slowly. हम धीरे -धीरे बोलते ह� (F) ham dheere-dheere bolate hain

You speak slowly. आप धीरे धीरे बोलते ह� (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap dheere dheere bolate hain

They speak slowly. वे धीरे -धीरे बोलते ह� (F) ve dheere-dheere bolate hain

I used to speak loudly. म� जोर से बोलता होता था (M) main jor se bolata hota tha

You used to speak loudly. तू जोर से बोलता होता था (M, Informal) too jor se bolata hota tha

He used to speak loudly. वह जोर से बोलता होता था (M) vah jor se bolata hota tha

We used to speak loudly. हम जोर से बोलते होते थे (M) ham jor se bolate hote the

You used to speak loudly. आप सभी जोर से बोलते होते थे (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap sabhee jor se bolate hote the

They used to speak loudly. वे जोर से बोलते होते थे (M) ve jor se bolate hote the

I used to speak loudly. म� जोर से बोलती होती थी ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 191 (F) main jor se bolatee hotee thee

You used to speak loudly. तू जोर से बोलती होती थी (F, Informal) too jor se bolatee hotee thee

She used to speak loudly. वह जोर से बोलती होती थी (F) vah jor se bolatee hotee thee

We used to speak loudly. हम जोर से बोलती होती थीं (F) ham jor se bolatee hotee theen

You used to speak loudly. आप सभी जोर से बोलती होती थीं (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap sabhee jor se bolatee hotee theen

They used to speak loudly. वे जोर से बोलते बोलती होती थीं (F) ve jor se bolate bolatee hotee theen

I spoke loudly. म� जोर से बोला (M) main jor se bola

You spoke loudly. तू जोर से बोला; तुम जोर से बोले (M, Informal) too jor se bola: tum jor se bole

He spoke loudly. वह जोर से बोला (M) vah jor se bola

We spoke loudly. हम जोर से बोले (M) ham jor se bole

You spoke loudly. आप जोर से बोले (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap jor se bole

They spoke loudly.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 192 वह जोर से बोले (M) vah jor se bole

I spoke loudly. म� जोर से बोली (F) main jor se bolee

You spoke loudly. तू जोर से बोली; तुम जोर से बोली (F, Informal) too jor se bolee: tum jor se bolee

She spoke loudly. वह जोर से बोली (F) vah jor se bolee

We spoke loudly. हम जोर से बोलीं (F) ham jor se boleen

You spoke loudly. आप जोर से बोलीं (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap jor se boleen

They spoke loudly. वह जोर से बोलं◌ी◌ं (F) vah jor se bolaneen

I will speak calmly. मै शांित से बोलूंगा (M) mai shaanti se boloonga

You will speak calmly. तू शांित से बोलेगा ; तुम शांित से बोलोगे (M, Informal) too shaanti se bolega : tum shaanti se bologe

He will speak calmly. वह शांित से बोलेगा (M) vah shaanti se bolega

We will speak calmly. हम शांित से बोल�गे। (M) ham shaanti se bolenge. ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 193

You will speak calmly. आप सब शांित से बोलोगे (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap sab shaanti se bologe

They will speak calmly. वे शांित से बोल�गे (M) ve shaanti se bolenge

I will speak calmly. मै शांित से बोलूंगी (F) mai shaanti se boloongee

You will speak calmly. तू शांित से बोलेगी ; तुम शांित से बोलोगे (F, Informal) too shaanti se bolegee : tum shaanti se bologe

She will speak calmly. वह शांित से बोलेगी (F) vah shaanti se bolegee

We will speak calmly. हम शांित से बोल�गे। (F) ham shaanti se bolenge.

You will speak calmly. आप सब शांित से बोलोगे (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap sab shaanti se bologe

They will speak calmly. वे शांित से बोल�गे (F) ve shaanti se bolenge

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 194

to finish

ख� करना khatm karana

I finish the work. म� काम ख� करता �ँ (M) main kaam khatm karata hoon

You finish the work. तू काम ख� करता है (M, Informal) too kaam khatm karata hai

He finishes the work. वह काम ख� करता है (M) vah kaam khatm karata hai

We finish the work. हम काम ख� करते ह� (M) ham kaam khatm karate hain

You finish the work. आप काम ख� करते हो (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap kaam khatm karate ho

They finish the work. वे काम ख� करते ह� (M) ve kaam khatm karate hain

I finish the work. म� काम ख� करती �ँ (F) main kaam khatm karatee hoon

You finish the work. तू काम ख� करती है ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 195 (F, Informal) too kaam khatm karatee hai

She finishes the work. वह काम ख� करती है (F) vah kaam khatm karatee hai

We finish the work. हम काम ख� करती ह� (F) ham kaam khatm karatee hain

You finish the work. आप काम ख� करते हो (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap kaam khatm karate ho

They finish the work. वे काम ख� करती ह� (F) ve kaam khatm karatee hain

I used to finish at five o'clock. म� पांच बजे ख� करता होता था (M) main paanch baje khatm karata hota tha

You used to finish at five o'clock. तू पांच बजे ख� करता होता था (M, Informal) too paanch baje khatm karata hota tha

He used to finish at five o'clock. वह पांच बजे ख� करता होता था (M) vah paanch baje khatm karata hota tha

We used to finish at five o'clock. हम पांच बजे ख� करते होते थे (M) ham paanch baje khatm karate hote the

You used to finish at five o'clock. आप सब पांच बजे ख� करते होते थे (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap sab paanch baje khatm karate hote the

They used to finish at five o'clock. वे पांच बजे ख� करते होते थे (M) ve paanch baje khatm karate hote the

I used to finish at five o'clock.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 196 म� पांच बजे ख� करती होती थी (F) main paanch baje khatm karatee hotee thee

You used to finish at five o'clock. तू पांच बजे ख� करती होती थी (F, Informal) too paanch baje khatm karatee hotee thee

She used to finish at five o'clock. वह पांच बजे ख� करती होती थी (F) vah paanch baje khatm karatee hotee thee

We used to finish at five o'clock. हम पांच बजे ख� करते होते थे (F) ham paanch baje khatm karate hote the

You used to finish at five o'clock. आप सब पांच बजे ख� करते होते थे (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap sab paanch baje khatm karate hote the

They used to finish at five o'clock. वे पांच बजे ख� करते होते थे (F) ve paanch baje khatm karate hote the

I finished cooking. म�ने खाना बनाना खतम कर ि◌लया (M, food is masculine) mainne khaana banaana khatam kar ilaya

You finished cooking. तूने खाना बनाना खतम कर ि◌लया (M, Informal: food is masculine) toone khaana banaana khatam kar ilaya

He finished cooking. उसने खाना बनाना खतम कर ि◌लया (M, food is masculine) usane khaana banaana khatam kar ilaya

We finished cooking. हमने खाना बनाना खतम कर ि◌लया (M, food is masculine) hamane khaana banaana khatam kar ilaya

You finished cooking. आपने खाना बनाना खतम कर ि◌लया (M, Pl and Sgl formal: food is masculine) aapane khaana banaana khatam kar ilaya ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 197

They finished cooking. उ�ोंने खाना बनाना खतम कर ि◌लया (M, food is masculine) unhonne khaana banaana khatam kar ilaya

I finished cooking. म�ने खाना बनाना खतम कर ि◌लया (F, food is masculine) mainne khaana banaana khatam kar ilaya

You finished cooking. तूने खाना बनाना खतम कर ि◌लया (F, Informal: food is masculine) toone khaana banaana khatam kar ilaya

She finished cooking. उसने खाना बनाना खतम कर ि◌लया (F, food is masculine) usane khaana banaana khatam kar ilaya

We finished cooking. हमने खाना बनाना खतम कर ि◌लया (F, food is masculine) hamane khaana banaana khatam kar ilaya

You finished cooking. आपने खाना बनाना खतम कर ि◌लया (F, Pl and Sgl formal: food is masculine) aapane khaana banaana khatam kar ilaya

They finished cooking. उ�ोंने खाना बनाना खतम कर ि◌लया (F, food is masculine) unhonne khaana banaana khatam kar ilaya

I will finish the work. म� काम ख� कर दू ंग ा (M) main kaam khatm kar doonga

You will finish the work. तू काम ख� कर दे गा (M, Informal) too kaam khatm kar dega

He will finish the work. वह काम ख� कर दे गा (M) vah kaam khatm kar dega

We will finish the work.   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 198 हम काम ख� कर द� गे (M) ham kaam khatm kar denge

You will finish the work. आप सब काम ख� कर द� गे (M, Pl and sgl formal) aap sab kaam khatm kar denge

They will finish the work. वे काम ख� कर द� गे (M) ve kaam khatm kar denge

I will finish the work. म� काम ख� कर दू ंग ी (F) main kaam khatm kar doongee

You will finish the work. तू काम ख� कर दे गी (F, Informal) too kaam khatm kar degee

She will finish the work. वह काम ख� कर दे गी (F) vah kaam khatm kar degee

We will finish the work. हम काम ख� कर द� गे (F) ham kaam khatm kar denge

You will finish the work. आप सब काम ख� कर द� गे (F, Pl and sgl formal) aap sab kaam khatm kar denge

They will finish the work. वे काम ख� कर द� गे (F) ve kaam khatm kar denge

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 199 to sell

बेचना

bechana

I sell rice and am selling fruit. म� चावल बेचता �ँ और फल बेच रहा �ँ (M) main chaaval bechata hoon aur phal bech raha hoon

You sell rice and are selling fruit. तू चावल बेचता है और फल बेच रहा है (M, Informal) too chaaval bechata hai aur phal bech raha hai

He sells rice and is selling fruit. वह चावल बेचता है और फल बेच रहा है (M) vah chaaval bechata hai aur phal bech raha hai

We sell rice and are selling fruit. हम चावल बेचते ह� और फल बेच रहे ह� (M) ham chaaval bechate hain aur phal bech rahe hain

You sell rice and are selling fruit. आप चावल बेचते ह� और फल बेच रहे ह� (M, Pl and Sgl formal) aap chaaval bechate hain aur phal bech rahe hain

They sell rice and are selling fruit. वे चावल बेचते ह� और फल बेच रहे ह� (M) ve chaaval bechate hain aur phal bech rahe hain

I sell rice and am selling fruit. म� चावल बेचती �ँ और फल बेच रही �ँ (F) main chaaval bechatee hoon aur phal bech rahee hoon

You sell rice and are selling fruit. तू चावल बेचती है और फल बेच रही है (F, Informal) too chaaval bechatee hai aur phal bech rahee hai

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 200 She sells rice and is selling fruit. वह चावल बेचती है और फल बेच रही है (F) vah chaaval bechatee hai aur phal bech rahee hai

We sell rice and are selling fruit. हम चावल बेचती ह� और फल बेच रही ह� (F) ham chaaval bechatee hain aur phal bech rahee hain

You sell rice and are selling fruit. आप चावल बेचती ह� और फल बेच रही ह� (F, Pl and Sgl formal) aap chaaval bechatee hain aur phal bech rahee hain

They sell rice and are selling fruit. वे चावल बेचती ह� और फल बेच रही ह� (F) ve chaaval bechatee hain aur phal bech rahee hain

I used to sell vegetables. म� स��यां बेचा करता था (M) main sabjiyaan becha karata tha

You used to sell vegetables. तू स��यां बेचा करता था (M, Informal) too sabjiyaan becha karata tha

He used to sell vegetables. वह स��यां बेचा करता था (M) vah sabjiyaan becha karata tha

We used to sell vegetables. हम स��यां बेचा करते थे (M) ham sabjiyaan becha karate the

You used to sell vegetables. आप स��यां बेचा करते थे (M, Pl and Sgl formal) aap sabjiyaan becha karate the

They used to sell vegetables. वे स��यां बेचा करते थे (M) ve sabjiyaan becha karate the

I used to sell vegetables. म� स��यां बेचा करती थी ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 201 (F) main sabjiyaan becha karatee thee

You used to sell vegetables. तू स��यां बेचा करती थी (F, Informal) too sabjiyaan becha karatee thee

She used to sell vegetables. वह स��यां बेचा करती थी (F) vah sabjiyaan becha karatee thee

We used to sell vegetables. हम स��यां बेचा करती थीं (F) ham sabjiyaan becha karatee theen

You used to sell vegetables. आप स��यां बेचा करती थीं (F, Pl and Sgl formal) aap sabjiyaan becha karatee theen

They used to sell vegetables. वे स��यां बेचा करती थीं (F) ve sabjiyaan becha karatee theen.

I sold vegetables. I sold rice. म�ने स��यां बेचीं और म�ने चावल बेचे (M, vegetables are feminine, rice is masculine) mainne sabjiyaan becheen aur mainne chaaval beche.

You sold vegetables. You sold rice. तूने स��यां बेचीं और तूने चावल बेचे (M, informal: vegetables are feminine, rice is masculine) toone sabjiyaan becheen aur toone chaaval beche.

He sold vegetables. He sold rice. उसने स��यां बेचीं और उसने चावल बेचे (M, vegetables are feminine, rice is masculine) usane sabjiyaan becheen aur usane chaaval beche.

We sold vegetables. We sold rice. हमने स��यां बेचीं और हमने चावल बेचे (M, vegetables are feminine, rice is masculine) hamane sabjiyaan becheen aur hamane chaaval beche.

You sold vegetables. You sold rice. आप स��यां बेचीं आप चावल बेचे (M, vegetables are feminine, rice is masculine) aap sabjiyaan becheen aur aap chaaval beche.

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 202 They sold vegetables. They sold rice. उ�ोंने स��यां बेचीं और उ�ोंने चावल बेचे (M, vegetables are feminine, rice is masculine) unhonne sabjiyaan becheen aur unhonne chaaval beche.

I sold vegetables. I sold rice. म�ने स��यां बेचीं और म�ने चावल बेचे (F, vegetables are feminine, rice is masculine) mainne sabjiyaan becheen aur mainne chaaval beche.

You sold vegetables. You sold rice. तूने स��यां बेचीं और तूने चावल बेचे (F,informal: vegetables are feminine, rice is masculine) toone sabjiyaan becheen aur toone chaaval beche.

She sold vegetables. She sold rice. उसने स��यां बेचीं और उसने चावल बेचे (F, vegetables are feminine, rice is masculine) usane sabjiyaan becheen aur usane chaaval beche.

We sold vegetables. We sold rice. हमने स��यां बेचीं और हमने चावल बेचे (F, vegetables are feminine, rice is masculine) hamane sabjiyaan becheen aur hamane chaaval beche.

You sold vegetables. You sold rice. आप स��यां बेचीं और आप चावल बेचे (F, vegetables are feminine, rice is masculine) aap sabjiyaan becheen aur aap chaaval beche.

They sold vegetables. They sold rice. उ�ोंने स��यां बेचीं और उ�ोंने चावल बेचे (F, vegetables are feminine, rice is masculine) unhonne sabjiyaan becheen aur unhonne chaaval beche.

I will sell vegetables. म� स��यां बेचूंगा (M) main sabjiyaan bechoonga

You will sell vegetables. तू स��यां बेचेगा (M, Informal) too sabjiyaan bechega

He will sell vegetables. वह स��यां बेचेगा (M) vah sabjiyaan bechega

We will sell vegetables. हम स��यां बेच�गे ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 203 (M) ham sabjiyaan bechenge

You will sell vegetables. आप स��यां बेच�गे (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap sabjiyaan bechenge

They will sell vegetables. वे स��यां बेच�गे (M) ve sabjiyaan bechenge

I will sell vegetables. म� स��यां बेचूंगी (F) main sabjiyaan bechoongee

You will sell vegetables. तू स��यां बेचेगी (F, Informal) too sabjiyaan bechegee

He will sell vegetables. वह स��यां बेचेगी (F) vah sabjiyaan bechegee

We will sell vegetables. हम स��यां बेच�गी (F) ham sabjiyaan bechengee

You will sell vegetables. आप स��यां बेच�गी (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap sabjiyaan bechengee

They will sell vegetables. वे स��यां बेच�गी (F) ve sabjiyaan bechengee

  ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 204 to give

दे ना

dena

I give money and am giving clothes. म� पैसा दे ता �ँ और कपड़े दे रहा �ँ (M) main paisa deta hoon aur kapade de raha hoon

You give money and are giving clothes. तू पैसे दे ता है और कपड़े दे रहा है (M, Informal) too paise deta hai aur kapade de raha hai

He gives money and is giving clothes. वह पैसा दे ता है और कपड़े दे रहा है (M) vah paisa deta hai aur kapade de raha hai

We give money and are giving clothes. हम पैसे दे ते ह� और कपड़े दे रहे ह� (M) ham paise dete hain aur kapade de rahe hain

You give money and are giving clothes. आप पैसे दे ते ह� और कपड़े दे रहे ह� (M, Pl and Sgl formal) aap paise dete hain aur kapade de rahe hain

They give money and are giving clothes. वे पैसे दे ते ह� और कपड़े दे रहे ह� (M) ve paise dete hain aur kapade de rahe hain

I give money and am giving clothes. म� पैसा दे ती �ँ और कपड़े दे रही �ँ (F) main paisa detee hoon aur kapade de rahee hoon

You give money and are giving clothes. तू पैसे दे ती है और कपड़े दे रही है (F, Informal) too paise detee hai aur kapade de rahee hai

ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 205 She gives money and is giving clothes. वह पैसा दे ती है और कपड़े दे रही है (F) vah paisa detee hai aur kapade de rahee hai

We give money and are giving clothes. हम पैसे दे ती ह� और कपड़े दे रही ह� (F) ham paise detee hain aur kapade de rahee hain

You give money and are giving clothes. आप पैसे दे ती ह� और कपड़े दे रही ह� (F, Pl and Sgl formal) aap paise detee hain aur kapade de rahee hain

They give money and are giving clothes. वे पैसे दे ती ह� और कपड़े दे रही ह� (F) ve paise detee hain aur kapade de rahee hain

I used to give money. म� पैसा िदया करता था (M) main paisa diya karata tha

You used to give money. तू पैसे िदया करता था (M, Informal) too paise diya karata tha

He used to give money. वह पैसे िदया करता था (M) vah paise diya karata tha

We used to give money. हम पैसे िदया करते थे (M) ham paise diya karate the

You used to give money. आप सब पैसे िदया करते थे (M, Pl and Sgl formal) aap sab paise diya karate the

They used to give money. वे पैसे िदया करते थे (M) ve paise diya karate the

I used to give money. म� पैसा िदया करती थी   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 206 (F) main paisa diya karatee thee

You used to give money. तू पैसे िदया करती थी (F, Informal) too paise diya karatee thee

He used to give money. वह पैसे िदया करती थी (F) vah paise diya karatee thee

We used to give money. हम पैसे िदया करती थीं (F) ham paise diya karatee theen

You used to give money. आप सब पैसे िदया करती थीं (F, Pl and Sgl formal) aap sab paise diya karatee theen

They used to give money. वे पैसे िदया करती थीं (F) ve paise diya karatee theen

I gave money and gave a book. म�ने पैसे िदये और एक िकताब दी (M, money is masculine, book is feminine) mainne paise diye aur ek kitaab dee

You gave money and gave a book. तूने पैसा िदया और एक िकताब दी (M, Informal: money is masculine, book is feminine) toone paisa diya aur ek kitaab dee

He gave money and gave a book. उसने पैसा िदया और एक िकताब दी (M, money is masculine, book is feminine) usane paisa diya aur ek kitaab dee

We gave money and gave a book. हमने पैसा िदया और एक िकताब दी (M, money is masculine, book is feminine) hamane paisa diya aur ek kitaab dee

You gave money and gave a book. आप सभ ने पैसा िदया और एक िकताब दी (M, Pl and Sgl formal: money is masculine, book is feminine) aap sabh ne paisa diya aur ek kitaab dee

They gave money and gave a book. ENGLISH-HINDI: A DISCOVERY JOURNEY © Gurmentor Inc. 207 उ�ोंने पैसे िदए और एक िकताब दी (M, money is masculine, book is feminine) unhonne paise die aur ek kitaab dee

I gave money and gave a book. म�ने पैसे िदये और एक िकताब दी (F, money is masculine, book is feminine) mainne paise diye aur ek kitaab dee

You gave money and gave a book. तूने पैसा िदया और एक िकताब दी (F, Informal: money is masculine, book is feminine) toone paisa diya aur ek kitaab dee

She gave money and gave a book. उसने पैसा िदया और एक िकताब दी (F, money is masculine, book is feminine) usane paisa diya aur ek kitaab dee

We gave money and gave a book. हमने पैसा िदया और एक िकताब दी (F, money is masculine, book is feminine) hamane paisa diya aur ek kitaab dee

You gave money and gave a book. आप सभ ने पैसा िदया और एक िकताब दी (F, Pl and Sgl formal: money is masculine, book is feminine) aap sabh ne paisa diya aur ek kitaab dee

They gave money and gave a book. उ�ोंने पैसे िदए और एक िकताब दी (F, money is masculine, book is feminine) unhonne paise die aur ek kitaab dee

I will give a book. म� एक िकताब दू ंग ा (M) main ek kitaab doonga

You will give a book. तू एक िकताब दे गा (M, Informal) too ek kitaab dega

He will give a book. वह एक िकताब दे गा (M) vah ek kitaab dega

We will give a book. हम एक िकताब द� गे (M) ham ek kitaab denge   ŕ Ġ Ě -ĔĄŢ Ě :  İ ķ ∂ Ďŝ Ď 208

You will give a book. आप एक िकताब द� गे (M, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap ek kitaab denge

They will give a book. वे एक िकताब द� गे (M) ve ek kitaab denge

I will give a book. म� एक िकताब दू ंग ी (F) main ek kitaab doongee

You will give a book. तू एक िकताब दे गी (F, Informal) too ek kitaab degee

She will give a book. वह एक िकताब दे गी (F) vah ek kitaab degee

We will give a book. हम एक िकताब द� गी ं (F) ham ek kitaab dengeen

You will give a book. आप एक िकताब द� गी ं (F, Pl and Sgl formal you) aap ek kitaab dengeen

They will give a book. वे एक िकताब द� गी ं (F) ve ek kitaab dengeen

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