91180 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1, ·1976 information with respect to public attitudes Authorizes the Board, on application of any paigns of candidates for election to Congress. on energy-related matters. certified air carrier, to issue or amend an Establishes the Congressional General Elec­ H.R. 12479. March 11, 1976. Education and existing certificate, with or without a hear­ tion Payment Account, out of which quali­ Labor. Exempts from the Farm Labor Con­ ing, to provide nonstop service between such fied candidates shall be pa.id funds to match tractor Registration Act of 1963 contractors points. the amounts such candidates have raised of workers engaged in custom cutting or H.R. 12486. March 11, 1976. Post Office and through private contributions. combine operations in connection with the Civil Service. Includes members of the police H.R. 12493. March 11, 1976. Judiciary. Au­ harvesting of grains, or in the shearing of force of the National Zoological Park within thorizes the adminission of a certain individ­ sheep, or baling of hay. the definition of "law enforcement officer" ual to the United States for permanent H.R. 12480. March 11, 1976. Education and for purposes of civil service retirement. residence. Labor. Exempts from the Farm Labor Con­ H.R. 12487. March 11, 1976. Veterans' Af­ H.R. 12494. March 15, 1976. Ways and tractor Registration Act of 1963 contractors fairs. Authorizes the Administrator of Veter­ Means. Amends the Tariff Schedules of the of workers engaged in custom cutting or ans• Affairs to assist certain totally disabled United States to repeal the duty imposed on combine operations in connection with the veterans in acquiring suitable housing units articles assembled abroad with components harvesting of grains or contractors of workers with special fixtures. produced in the United States. engaged in the shearing of sheep. H.R. 12488. March 11, 1976. Agriculture. H.R. 12495. March 15, 1976. Ways and H.R. 12481. March 11, 1976. Ways and Requires, under the Federal Meat Inspection Means. Amends the Social Security Act to Means. Amends the medicai·e program of the Act, that imported meat and meat food prod­ authorize payment under the Medicare pro­ Social Security Act to authorize payment for ucts made in whole or in part of imported gram for specified services performed by dentures, eyeglasses, hearing aids, and an­ meat must be labeled "imported" or "im­ examination, and related routine laboratory nual physical examinations. ported in part" at all stages of distribution chiropractors, including X-rays and physical H.R. 12482. March 11, 1976. Ways and until reaching the ultimate consumer. tests. Means. Amends the Social Security Act to Prohibits the importation of any dairy prod­ H.R. 12496. March 15, 1976. Post Office and authorize payment under the medicare pro­ uct into the United States unless it has been Civil Service. Repeals the Postal Reorganiza­ gram for specified services performed by chi­ inspected and found to be wholesome and tion Act. Reenacts provisions relating to ropractors, including x-rays, and physical unless the foreign farms and plants in which postal service which were in effect immedi­ examination, and related routine laboratory such products were produced comply with ately prior to the enactment of such Act. tests. all inspection, grading and other standards H.R. 12497. March 15, 1976. Interior and H.R. 12483. March 11, 1976. Agriculture. prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture. Insular Affairs. Authorizes the Secretary of Amends the Food Stamp Act of 1964 (1) with H.R. 12489. March 11, 1976. Ways and the Interior to acquire certain lands to es­ respect to eligibility standards for house­ Means. Amends the Internal Revenue Code tablish the Frederick Law Olmsted Home and holds; (2) to establish a program of food to increase the estate tax exemption, and to Office in Massachusetts as a national historic coupon grants and eliminate the require­ increase the estate tax marital deduction. site. ment that food coupons be purchased; (3) Permits the executor of an estate to elect H.R. 12498. March 15, 1976. Ways aud to establish a program of nutrition education an alternate valuation of certain lands used I\>Ieans. Establishes the Internal Revenue Ad­ for recipients of food coupons; and (4) to for farming, woodland or scenic open space. ministration in the executive branch of the authorize the use of food coupons to pur­ H.R. 12490. March 11, 1976. Ways and Federal Government for the purpose of ad­ chase "meals on wheels." Guarantees restora­ Means. Authorizes the nonrecognition of ministering and enforcing the Internal Reve­ tion of wrongfully denied food stamp assist­ gain or loss, under the Internal Revenue nue Code. ance. Code, on the transfer of rail properties or Transfers all present functions, instruc­ H.R. 12484. March 11, 1976. Public WorkS stock or securities of a transferor railroad tions, rules, or i·egulations which were pro­ and Transportation. Amends the Federal corporation to the Consolidated Rail Corpo­ mulgated or administered by the Secretary of Aviation Act of 1958 to require the Civil ration pursuant to an order under the Re­ the Treasury or his delegate with respect to Aeronautics Board to detel'!llline applications gional Rail Reorganization Act to carry out the enforcement of the Internal Revenue for certificates for public convenience and the final system plan, in exchange solely for Code, to the Internal Revenue Administra­ necessity for air transportation within time stock of the Consolidated Rall Corporation tion. limits which the Board shall adopt by rule and certificates of value of the United States H.R. 12499. March 15, 1976. Ways and or regulation. Requires the Board, if a deci­ Railway Association. Means. Amends the Social Becw·ity Act to sion is not reached within the specified pe• H.R. 12491. March 11, 1976. Public Works prohibit a recipient of benefits under spec­ riod, to issue the certificate as requested, un­ and Transportation; Interstate and Foreign ified Social Security Act programs and the less the public interest or extraordinary cir­ Commerce; Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Food Stamp Act of 1964 from being disquali­ cumstances justify delay. Amends the Interstate Commerce Act and fied for such benefits because of an increase H.R. 12485. March 11, 1976. Public Works the Harter Act to establish procedures for in income attributable to an increase in such and Transportation. Requires the Civil Aero­ settling claims with respect to freight in benefits. nautics Board, under the Federal Aviation interstate commerce. H.R. 12500. March 15, 1976. Veterans• Af­ Act of 1958, to rescind the authority of any H.R. 12492. March 11, 1976. House Admin­ fairs. Repeals certain time limitations relat­ air carrier to provide nonstop service between istration. Amends the Internal Revenue Code ing to veterans' education assistance pro­ any two points if such authority 1s not uti­ to authorize and establish procedures for grams administered by the Administrator of lized within any continuous one year perioc:t. publicly financing general election cam- Veterans' Affairs.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

IN PRAISE OF CAPITALISM IN PRAISE OF CAPITALISM world's newest, least understood and little (By Michael Novak) loved minority. It is time for us to begin, The day I heard Michael Harrington say everywhere, organizing cells of the Capitalist HON. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG that most liberals are "closet socialists," I Liberation Front. OF COLORADO knew by my revulsion that I had to face an I first realized I was a capitailst when all IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ugly truth about myself. my friends began publicly declaring that For years, I had tried to hide, even from they were socialists. Harrington and John Thursdav, April 1, 1976 myself, my unconscious convictions. In the Kenneth Galbraith having called the signal. intellectual circles I frequent, persons with How I wished I could be as left as thev: Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, al­ Night after night I tried to persuade myself though Congress spends much time de­ inclinations like my own are mocked, con­ sidered to be compromised, held at arm's of the coherence of their logic; I did my best bating economic issues and the news me­ length as secm·ity risks. We are easily intim­ to go. traight. I held up in the privacy of my dia are focusing more and more atten­ idated. room pictures of every socialist land known tion on the economy, there is an ap­ The truth is there are probably millions to me: North Korea, Albania, Czechoslovakia palling lack of understanding of the re­ of us. Who knows? Your brother or sister (land of my grandparents) and even Sweden. lationship between economic freedom may be one of us. The fellow teaching in the Nothing worked. class next to yours; the columnist for the When I quizzed my socialist intellectual and the other freedoms we cherish. But friends, I found they didn't like socialist recently I read an article by Michael No­ rival paper; even the famous liberated poet­ ess--0ur kind, hiding their convictions out countries, either. They all said to me: "We vak a Catholic theologian and author, of fear of retribution, lurk evel'ywhere. Even want socialism, but not like Eastern Europe." whi~h rivets attention on the way in now we may be corrupting your children. I said: "Cuba?" No suggestion won their which capitalism fosters freedom and We are the closet capitalists. Now, at last, assent. They didn't want to be identified the "innate tendency in socialism toward our time has come. The whole world is going with China (except that the streets seemed authoritarianism." I commend this arti­ socialist. Nearly 118 out of 142 nations of clean). Nor with Tanzania. They loved the cle to the attention of my colleagues: the world are socialist tyrannies. We are the idea of socialism. April 1, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9181 "But what ls It about th.is particular idea. statement, even 1n lands more populous, old­ and only 3 losses, with the 1975 na­ you like?" I asked. "Government control? er, and richer than our own. As everybody tional champions going undefeated in 28 Will we have a pentagon of heavy industry?" knows, hedonism requires excess. contests. It would seem logical that based Not exactly. Nor did they think my sugges­ Look out. world: The closet capitalists a.re on such a record, the United States could tion witty that under socialism everything coming out. You don't have to love us. We would function like the Post omce. When don't need your love. If we can help you well utilize some of this outstanding they began to speak of "planning,'' I asked, out, we'll be glad to. A system built on sin athletic talent in Olympic basketball who would police the planners? They had ls built on very solid ground indeed. The competition. enormous faith in politicians, bureaucrats saintliness of socialism will not feed the I know my other colleagues from Mis­ and experts. Especially In experts. poor. sissippi join me in saluting Delta State ''Will Mayor Daley have 'clout' over the The United States may be, as many of you University, Coach Wade, and the Lady planners?" I asked, seeking a little comfort. say, the worthless and despicable prodigal Statemen, and the administration, fac­ "Or congressmen from Mississippi?" My son among the nations. Just wait and see ulty and student body, ably guided by Dr. friends thought liberal-minded persons who gets the fatted calf. would make the key decisions. Knowing the Kent Wyatt, the president of Delta State nation, I can't feel so sure. Knowing the University. liberal-minded, I'm not so comforted. Since they have argued that on companies NATIONAL CHAMPIONS AGAIN are now too large, I couldn't see how an HEW that included on would be smaller. My CONGRESSMAN JACK KEMP TESTI­ modest proposal was that they encourage HON. DAVID R. BOWEN FIES IN SUPPORT OF IMPORTANT monopoly in every industry and then make FLOOD CONTROL PROTECTION each surviving corporation head a Cabinet OF M.ISSISSIPPI IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORA­ officer. TION PROJECTS IN WESTERN NEW Practical discussions seemed beside the Thursday, April 1, 1976 point. Finally, I realized that socialism ls not YORK a political proposal, not an economic plan. Mr. BOWEN. Mr. Speaker, I am Socialism 1s the residue of Judeo-Cb.ristlan pleased and privileged to bring to my faith, without rel!gion. It ls a belle! in com­ colleagues' attention the fact that Delta HON. JACK F. KEMP munity, the goodness of the human race and State University's outstandink. women's OF NEW YORK paradise on earth. basketball team has won its second con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES That's when I discovered I was an incur­ able and inveterate, as well as secret, sinner. secutive national championship. Thursday, April 1, 1976 I believe In sin. I'm for capitalism, mod1fted This past weekend at Pennsylvania State University, the Lady Statesmen Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, it is obviously and made intelllgent and publlc-splrlted, be­ not possible stop the rains and snows cause it makes the world free for sinners. It won four tournament games over the to allows human beings to do pretty much what stiffest of competition to win the 1976 which can cause floods, but it is possible they will. Association of Intercollegiate Athletics to hold back the runoff waters or to con­ Socialism ls a system built on belle! in for Women Championship. tain it-to prevent altogether or to re­ human goodness; so It never works. Capital­ Under the outstanding leadership and duce the severity of :floods-and thereby ism ls a system built on belief in human tutelage of Coach Margaret Wade, Delta protect lives, homes and property. selfishness; given checks and balances, It 1s It is not possible to stop storms and nearly always a smashing, scandalous suc­ State compiled a record of 33 wins and cess. only 1 loss this year, defeating such high waves either, but it is possible to Check Taiwan, Japan, West Germany, Hong powerful competitors as the Peoples Re­ stop or to slow the erosion of our beach­ Kong, and (one of the newest nations in one public of China national team, Immac­ es-and thereby protect homes and busi­ of the recently most underdeveloped sectors ulata, Mississippi College, Wayland nesses along the shoreline. of the world) these United States. Two hun­ Baptist, Jackson State, and others. The It ls not possible to keep debris and silt dred years ago. there was a China, and also Delta State team also participated in the from clogging our streams, but it is pos­ a Russia. The United States was only a gleam :first women's basketball contest ever sible to remove that debris-and thereby in Patrick Henry's eye. improve navigation. Wherever you go in the world, sin thrives staged in New York's famed Madison better under capitalism. It's presumptuous Square Garden, defeating Queens Col­ When we take these actions, we not to believe that God ls on any human's side. lege in that memorable event. Delta State only better assure protection of life and (Actually, if capitalism were godless and so­ was the only team, other than a compo­ property, but we also help to restore our cialism were deeply religious, the roles of site U.S. national team, to defeat the environment and to improve our com­ many spokesmen in America would be re­ team of the Peoples Republic of China. mercial and recreational uses of our versed in fascinating ways). As the Congressman representing Delta rivers and lakes. But God did make human beings free. State University, I am very proud of the One of the most important, traditional Free to sin. God's heart may have been so­ has cial; his design was capitalist as hell. There accomplishments of this great Institu­ responsibilities of Government been ls an innate tendency in socialism toward tion, in the fields of academics as well as protecting its citizens against natural authoritarianism. Left to themselves, an athletics. Delta State is, in fact, located disasters and in giving them assistance human beings won't be good; most must be in my hometown of Cleveland, Miss. when those disasters occur. The Federal coerced. Those of us from Mississippi are also Government has helped and continues Capitalism, accepting human sinfulness, proud of the fact that Delta State has to help in both these regards. rubs sinner against sinner, making even dry The people of western New York, like wood yield a spark of grace. won two consecutive national champion­ Capitalism has given the planet its present ships with homegrown talent. Every one Americans everywhere, have contributed impetus for liberation. Everywhere else they of the players on the team's starting line­ to and have benefited from this assist­ are hawking capitalist Ideas: growth, libera­ up is from the State of Mississippi, and I ance, and we have borne our State and tion, democracy, investments, banking, in­ am happy to have three of the five local share of the costs too-usually dustry, technology. starters as constituents from my own about half. For example, Lake Erie and Millions a.re alive, and living longer, be­ Second Congressional District. the Niagara River are much cleaner to­ cause of medicine developed under capital­ day than they would have been without ism. Without our enormous psychic energy, The young women on Coach Wade's productivity and Inventions, oil would still national championship team are not only this assistance. Local streams are clean­ be lying under Saudi Arabia, undiscovered, outstanding athletes, they are also ex­ er and of improved capability for carry­ unpumped and useless. Coffee, bananas, tin, cellent students, and several of them are ing high water into Lake Erie without sugar and other items of trade would have no attending Delta State on academic schol­ :flooding our communities. But there ls a inarkets. arships. long way to go. Capitalism has made the world rich, In­ We Mississippians are hopeful that The people of Cheektowaga, Lancaster, venting riches other populations didn't know several of the Delta State players will be Depew, and the city of Buffalo need the they had. And yielding sinful pleasures for Scajaquada Creek :flood control project the millions. selected for the U.S. women's basketball Six per cent of the world's population team which will compete for the world to be completed. The people along the consumes, they say, 40 pe-r cent of the world's c~ampionship this summer at the Olym­ shore of Lake Erie need beach erosion goods. The same 6 per cent produces more pic Games in Montreal. During the past protection. The people of Tonawanda than 50 per cent; tar more than It can three seasons, Coach Wade's Delta State and Amherst need the Ell1cott Creek consume. No other system can make such a team has compiled a record of 77 wins fiood control project finished. Municipal 9182 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1, 19HJ and commercial interests need the locks in my Congressional District, and the down­ Congress set forth a. program through which and piers maintained and the harbors stream portion is within his. demonstration projects could be commenced, improved. The people of the south t.owns, Let me discuss for a moment why we be­ providing the Corps with specific informa­ East Aurora, and Buffalo need the Ca­ lieve the additional $400,000 for the Sca­ tion on shoreline erosion control techniques Jaquada Creek project is Justified both in for future operations. That act also est ab­ zenovia Creek fiood control project fi­ general and specific terms. lished a panel of experts in the subject field nalized, as the people of Springville, Cat­ The Administration has taken an across­ to make further advisory recommendations. taraugus, and Gowanda need the Catta­ the-board, blanket position in the proposed Funding was not requested for fiscal year raugus Creek and Harbor project fin­ budget against any new Corps construction 1976, and the funding request for FY77 is ished. And the entire area's development starts in FY 77. This enabled the Adminis­ only $200,000. The Congress had the fore­ will be heavily governed by the findings tration to more effectively hold the line on sight to increase the zero-funding for FY76 and recommendations of the comprehen­ the growth in spending, an effort for which to $320,000, and I hope this Subcommitttee they should receive our praise and our gen­ will again exert its influences to assure fund­ sive water and related land mangement eral support. I personally do not have any ing greater than $200,000 for FY77. study for the Buffalo metropolitan area. qualm about supporting i·eductions in gen­ Unless one has seen the results of bench I testified this morning, together with eral in our spending, but the Administra­ erosion, both gradual and storm-caused, it my good friend and colleague from west­ tion's action goes beyond this. is hard to imagine the substantial damage ern New York, Congressman HENRY By taking a blanket position against any that it can create. I have seen entire areas NOWAK, in support of funding for these new construction starts for a full year, the of beaches washeVietnam War did 5 years ago. It has been reintroduced in in 12 Yi years. HON. DONALD M. FRASER two succeeding sessions. It still is not For the maimed, the ill and the dying in OF MINNESOTA law. the American workforce, the answer to the question, "Who cares?," is, so far: no one. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES When I first introduced the Occupa­ Nothing is more illustrative of this than Thursday, April 1, 1976 tional Safety and Health Act in 1970, the failure of Congress to regulate toxic congressional concern was focused on substances. Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, expressing the need to assure America's working There are an estimated 44,000 chemical tribute to William o. ·Douglas iS not men and women a safe and healthy substances which are known to cause an ad­ easily done, if one hopes to write some­ workplace. verse physical reaction in man. Approxi­ thing that is both apt and original. His mately 2,000 of these chemicals are consid­ We cannot afford any relaxation of ered by the National Institute for Occupa­ long, distinguished public career has this concern. And, the simple fact of the tional Safety and Health to be hazardous been hailed often, not only to mark his matter is that we need to devote con- enough to merit some sort of co:1trol. 9184 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Ap1·il 1, 1 D7G· But only 16 of the substances currently o:::cupational health expert of Case Western Act of 1969. The act's goal is the eradication are regulated by the :federal government. Reserve medical school 1n Cleveland, who of Black Lung. All 16 of them killed before they were agrees with the critical assessment o! his So many hazards confront workers of controlled. profession. unions like the Oil Chemical and Atomic As The Inquirer pointed out last Monday, DATA SUPPRESSED Workers, that Mazzocchi says his union may legislation to control the use of toxic chem­ "As a result, data have been suppressed, invent a disease known as "Rainbow Lung" icals--those that cause adverse reactions in distorted or perverted". to get similar protection. the workplace-was first introduced in Con­ This la.ck of interest in occupational medi­ That leaves industry, which always has gress in 1971, a full five years ago. It has cine has forced those who specialze in it to viewed occupational health and safety as been reintroduced in the two succeeding seek work where they can find it. Most often, nobody else's business anyway. Taking ca.re Congresses. It still is not law. that is with industry. of the worker is something an employer Toxic substances control legislation was Company doctors have always been viewed can point to with pride-like gi"\·ing him a introduced in Congress just two months after with a jaundiced eye by workers, who •are turkey at Thanksgiving. legislators created the Occupational Safety convinced that the doctor's first loyalty rests SCOFFS AT CLAIMS and Health Administration (OSHA), which with the company and not the worker-pa­ Industry has always scoffed at claims of requires every employer to furnish a work­ tient. place "free from recognized hazards that are occupational disease. It's just not good sense "Health care on the job is nearly a con­ to admit that a man's job makes him sick. Or causing or are likely to cause death or seri­ tra.dication in terms at the present time," ous physical harm to his employes." dead. Leonard Woodcock, president of the United In defense of its failure to O"'n up to oc­ Despite its lofty goals, OSHA has failed. Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Im­ Six years after the act became law, Amer­ cupational health problems, industry fre­ plement Workers of America International quently has adopted a fatherly attitude to­ ican workers are dying at the rate of 315 a Union (UAW), recently told a conference of day. Each year, 100,000 workers die of occu­ ward employes while opposing any inter­ public heal th workers. vention by the federal government or labor. pational diseases and 15,000 more die from "The general state o! affairs ls dismal. on-the-job accidents. "Management is definitely on the defensive Medical departments tend to be more con­ on health issues," says an international union One major contributing factor to this toll cerned with malingerers than with erad­ is the use of untested and unregulated chem­ icating occupational disease, because this offical in Colorado. "They are so used to icals in thousands of workplaces. is what they 'are paid to do and rewarded having total responsibility for health and Toxic substances legislation, if adequately for. safety. They have a paternalistic attitude funded and enforced, would do what OSHA "Injuries are treated with the main pur­ that it's their total responsibility. It's one cannot do--prevent a dangerous substance pose of patching people up to send them more area of power that is being eroded by from entering the workplace. back on the shop floor as quickly as possible unions and government. Although OSHA has the power to halt ex­ rather than to cure, ca.re for and rehabilitate Reflecting this attitude is an editorial posure to a hazardous chemical or process them. that appeared in America's Textile Reporter, once it is in use, it cannot act before the "Company medical and industrial hygiene a. publication of the textile industry, whose fact-a restriction that means humans must staff work with a basic confilct of interest. workers have long been plagued by a disease first face the risk of disease or injury before They are paid by the company to protect known as "Byssinosis," or "Brown Lung," the government can step ln. the company." caused by inhaling cotton dust fibers. Just as millions of Americans work at jobs NOT TRAINED "We are particularly intrigued by the term 'Byssinosis,' a thing thought up by venal that daily require them to risk their health Whether or not their paychecks or re­ and well-being, scores of lobbyists work at doctors who attended last year's ILO (Inter­ se::i.rch grants are signed by industry, few national Labor Office) meetings in Africa trying to insure that a bill like the toxic doctors are specifically attuned to occupa­ substances control act is not passed by where inferior races are bound to be affected tional disease. More than likely, they have by new diseases more superior people de­ Congress. been taught more about tropical disease in Industry's effort to weaken the legislation feated years a.go. medical school than a.bout job-related ail­ "As a matter of fact, we referred to the have only recently been protested by a lobby ments. of labor unions and environmentalists. 'Cotton Fever' earlier, when we pointed out "Those doctors probably will never see a that a good chaw of B.L. dark would take The labor-environmental coalition points case of malaria," says MaZZ'Occhi. "Yet how to the 500 to 700 new chemical substances care of it, or some snuff." many working men and women \\ill they The editorial was published in July, 1069. that enter the workplace each year-with no treat?" independent testing for possible hazards. But the lack of doctors, the disinterest of HOW MUCH SAFETY These chemicals are developed for purposes Congress and the obstinance of industry is "Safety is like motherhood and apple pie," that range from intensifying the color of not the only reason this nation has an abys­ says an official at a Colorado mine. "Every­ paint to getting a shirt whiter in the mal occupational safety and health rec01·d. one is for it, but the question is, How much laundry. Even the workers themselves don't always safety is necessary?" HISTORIC DISINTEREST embrace the issue with much fervor. That is an attitude shared by the federal The battle to make the workplace safer In 1973, when insulation workers at the government. When OSHA was enacted, it has been made all the more difficult Sun Oil Co. refinery in Marcus Hook were ma.de no attempt to come up with maximum for the American worker due to the historic considering issues for contract negotiations, levels of exposure by workers to dangerous lack of interest in the medical-scientific local union leaders-in an effort to arouse substances used by industry. Rather, it mere­ community. support for better health and safety pro­ ly adopted standards already set by the "Occupational medicine is like a young grams-drew up a list of members who had American Conference of Governmental In­ woma.n being molested on a New York sub­ died of cancer and heart attacks. dustrial Hygienists (ACGIH) which, despite way. No one wants to get involved," says Dr. That list contained the names of 59 in­ its title is unconnected with the government. Joseph K. Wagoner, director of the division sulators who belonged to the local in 1954 Rather, it is made up of 1,500 industrial of field studies and clinical investigations for or who had joined it since then. Beside each hygienists employed by industry, educational the National Institute for Occupational name was an ominous record of each man's institutions and the government. Safety and Health-the research arm of fate: seven dead of cancer; six dead ol. heart Since its founding in 1938, the ACGIH OSHA. attacks; 14 retired with disabilities, includ­ has recommended maximum levels of ex­ A lack of trained personnel has always ing five with cancer, and nine men working posure to various substances used by indus­ plagued occupational health experts. An add with physical problems, including previous try, beyond which a worker's health would be plagued occupation.al health experts. An heart attacks. impaired. These are known as Threshold additional 8,000 physicians are required in NOT MOVED Limit Values (TLVs). the field to meet current needs, according to Arlie "Boots" Butler, one of the men whose Each TLV is established through a com­ one medical estimate. names was on the list, remembers the meet­ plicated mathematical formula that takes in­ For decades, industry has dominated-to ing of the union when the issue was raised. to consideration the length of the working the point of controlling-what little scientif­ "The executive board (of the union) day, experimental data based on animal and ic research has been done on substances and wasn't moved," he recalls dryly. "I guess it human exposu1·e studies and "in.dustrial ex­ practices in the workplace. didn't affect them directly." perience," according to ACGm. If the research projects weren't being con­ "I think another thing that they all fig­ Many of the TLVs grew out of studies un­ ducted by industry-sponsored laboratories, ured: we have been exposed to so much for dertaken by industry itself, or by research most were being conducted in medical schools so long that maybe it's too late to be con­ organizations funded by-and responsible heavily endowed by industry. cerned." to--chemical, oil, steel or manufacturing rt was in the words of union official, An­ With one notable exception, unions have companies where the substances in question thony Mazzocchi of the Oil, Chemical and failed to rally their members to demand were vital parts of their dally operations. Atomic Workers Union, "corporate- medical healthier working conditions. That exception STANDARDS FLEXIBLE incest." "Medical schools are corporate dominated," is the United Mine Workers of America, Until the TLVs were adopted enmasse by he says. "And doctors a.re a. product of their whose members are affilcted with "Black OSHA in 1971, they were voluntary. Even training." Lung" disease. though they a.re now part of federal law, the "The bulk of research has been from within Their lobbying efforts resulted in enact­ standards are flexible enough !or industry to industry," says Dr. Samuel S. Epstein, an ment of the Coal Mine Health and Safety live with easily. April 1, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9185 Generally, they set quite high levels o! ex­ damage. Dow began reducing worker exposure On July 17, the chemists' association, rep­ posure. in its plants to 50 parts per million. resentatives of the European chemical com­ They also establish "time weighted aver­ However, the Dow study, like the previous panies and NIOSH officials met at the request ages," meaning that a worker can be ex­ Russian and European findings, caused barely of the industry group for a briefing on cur­ posed to extremely high levels of a hazard­ a ripple in the sea of plastics covering the rent European vinyl chloride studies. ous substance during the working day if the nation. Instead, the booming chemical indus­ Later, in testimony before a U.S. Senat e level of exposure is dropped proportionately try relied on the results of a study, conducted subcommittee investigating the vinyl chlo­ lower during the remainder of the day to by Yale University, claiming that 500 parts ride hazard, NIOSH director Dr. Marcus Key average out to the TLV. per million was a safe level. claimed the chemical industry was less than There is no provision in the TLVs to regu­ In 1967, a new danger signal was observed. candid ab·out its research at the meeting. ulary monitor the air to determine if the Polyvinyl chloride workers-particularly Al though they described Viola's research ­ maximum level is being exceeded, or to test those assigned to scrape out the polymeriza­ which by this time had faded in significance workers for ill effects caused by exposure. tion vats-were developing acroosteolysis, a due to Maltoni's findings-and Maltoni's re­ Anthony Mazzochi, who is the legislative rare bone disease which causes the fingertips search on tumors, the crucial discovery of director for the Oil, Chemical and Atomic to degenerate. liver cancer was not discolsed. Workers Union and worked with chemicals The Manufacturing Chemists Association FIRST DEATHS commissioned the University of Michigan to in a Long Island factory before becoming a Not until six months late-when the proof union official, grows angry when he talks study this phenomenon. After three years, university scientists recommended that the of Maltoni's research on test animals was about the lack of strong occupational safety borne out by the first human cancer deaths­ and health programs in this country. industry lower its exposure levels to 50 parts "It's safer on the darkest street in any city per million. did NIOSH learn what the chemists' associ­ NOTHING DONE ation had known for a year. in the United States than it is in the a verage The chemical industry participants in the factory in America," he says. Again, the recommendation was only that. July, 1973 meeting claim NIOSH was not "What the workers of America are doing No one enforced it; no one even regularly today is subsidizing industry wit h years of given the data on liver cancer because NIOSH :measured the concentrations in the air. didn't specifically ask for it . their lives." (Workers learned that they could smell Those are strong words. But there is epi­ Industry's failure to inform federal au­ vinyl chloride only when it reached a con­ thorities about the hazard prompted a heated sode after episode in the annals of American centration of 2,000 parts per million.) industry to back them up. exchange between California Sen. John v. With the creation of the Occupational Tunney, who chaired the subcommittee, and Perhaps, none is more graphic than the Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) story of vinyl chloride, which killed and killed in 1970, the Federal government finally had Dr. Theodore R. Torkelson, a Dow Chemical and killed again, while industry, unions and Co. toxicologist representing the chemical in­ the tools with which to protect the workers dustry at the hearings. the federal government all sat on their hands. from hazards like massive doses of vinyl When asked by Tunney why it had taken Vinyl chloride, and its byproduct poly­ chloride. vinyl chloride, are everywhere. More than five But acceding to the prevailing belief that from January to July, 1974 to arrange the billion pounds are produced annually in the vinyl chloride was harmless--despite various meeting with NIOSH, Torkelson explained: United States. "Well, we wanted to verify it (the liver scientific warnings--OSHA merely adopted cancer discovery) by laboratory experi­ The substances are used in the paint in as its standard 500 parts per million-the your home, the pipes which bring you your standard proposed in 1954 by the industry's ments ... We wanted to have the right peo­ water, in your furniture, the packages con­ own Manufacturing Chemists Association. ple in NIOSH present. We wanted to have taining your food, the tops your children play In Europe, where the plastics industry had the representatives of the European com­ with and the floors you walk on. They are panies present . It was finally worked out in experienced a growth as spectacular as that July." used in the shoes on your feet, the imitation­ in America, a consortium of major producers leather jacket you wear and even the false in 1969 commissioned a study of the effects Tunney continued: "!can understand cer­ teeth in your mouth. of vinyl chloride by an Italian, Dr. Pier Luigi tainly the desire to confirm data, particularly Although the hazards of vinyl chloride Viola. when it is new data. But when it relates to were known for years, the substance was not In 1970, Viola discovered that rats exposed something as serious as liver cancer and the controlled until workers died and thousands to 30,000 parts per million of vinyl chloride potential threat to American workers, I can't more had been exposed to the deadly chemi­ several hours a day over 12 months had de­ understand why that wouldn't be given to cal. veloped tumors. American producers were in­ NIOSH officials who are responsible for trying The standard was enacted despite enorm - formed of the findings by Viola. to protect the health and welfare of Ameri­ ous resistance from the chemical industry­ The European consortium launched a new can workers ... " which had known for a year before the deaths series of studies to be conducted by Dr. Cesare Torkelson answered: "It wasn't a matter were disclosed that even low exposures to the Malton! of Bologna, Italy. Industry groups in of not wanting their participation. The ap­ substance caused cancer. the U.S. discussed similar studies here. None propriate studies were already underway in How then, did a situation like the vinyl was begun, however. view of the outcome. We needed the results chloride crisis occur? In March 1972, almost two years after of these studies to interpret the information Vinyl chloride is made from chlorine and Viola's discovery, the Manufacturing Chem­ we had." petrochemical feedstocks, often as part of ists Association agreed to financially back Tunney: "Again, I am speaking as a lay­ the regular on refining process. Polyvinyl Maltoni's project in Italy. man without any background in science, but chloride is produced when the chemical In the fall of that year, Malton! made a I can assure you if I were a worker in a vinyl structure of vinyl chloride-a sweet smelling startling discovery: tumors had developed chloride plant, it would have made a differ­ gas-is altered polymerized) with pressure in rats exposed to 250 parts per million of ence to me." and heat and changes from a gas to a white, vinyl chloride-half the existing U.S. stand­ MORTALITY STUDY powder resin. ard. In December, 1973, a Louisville, Ky. sur­ For years, scientists believed vinyl chloride Even more foreboding was the observation geon who also was the plant physician at was harmless. It was even used as an anes­ in a test animal of the first instance of liver B. F. Goodrich's polyvinyl chloride plant, thetic at one time. cancer-always fatal in humans-as a result took special note of the death of an employe As American industry and the consuming of rare liver cancer. Recalling that another public rushed into the "plastic age," a few of vinyl chloride exposure. In December of that year, the Manufac­ employe had died two years earlier of the isolated voices were calling for caution. turing Chemists Association agreed with the same thing, he set in motion a mortality In 1949, Russian scientists discovered that European vinyl chloride producers, co-spon­ study of the plant's workers. 18 of 75 polyvinyl chloride workers they ex­ sors of Maltoni's research, to keep all find­ By January, the results were in. Three amined had a hepatitis-like liver condition. ings confidential "to minimize unwarranted workers had died of the disease since Septem­ Other European studies in the next decade speculation." ber, 1971. (To date, at least eight workers at reported skin lesions and circulatory dis­ IN THE DARK the Louisville plant have contracted liver orders among polyvinyl chloride workers. The federal government, empowered under cancer.) OFrEN l:GNORED the Occupational Safety and Health Act to On January 22, B. F. Goodrich officials In 1974, the Manufacturing Chemist s As­ "assure safe and healthful working condi­ notified NIOSH of the deaths. A day later the findings were made public. OSHA found sociation, an industry group made up of such tions for working men and women," was kept in the dark. itself in the midst of its first crisis. giants as Dow, DuPont, Allied, Monsanto and Within two months, NIOSH-forced to Union Carbide, recommended that exposure It was not until January, 1974-when the first death of vinyl chloride workers were divert its tiny staff from other projects to levels be set at 500 parts of vinyl chloride per reported-that the whole story became handle the emergency-forwarded to OSHA one million parts of air. It was a voluntary known. a recommended maximum exposure standard standard, and it was often ignored. There are two versions of event s that tran­ for vinyl chloride of 50 parts per million, Then, in 1961, the Dow Chemical Co., which spired during the summer of 1973: that of one-tenth the prevailing standard. had become one of the major producers of the Manufacturing Chemists Association and The impact of the B. F. Goodrich deaths polyvinyl chloride, made a startling discovery. that of officials of the National Institute for had been tempered somewhat by the fact Laboratory animals exposed to 100 parts per Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , that the dead workers had been engaged in million of vinyl chloride had developed liver the research arm of OSHA. a process that involved only a few empoyes. 9186 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Apr-il 1, 1976 Because of this, it was hoped that the thou­ the establishment of a treasury office and published in these pages on March 23, Eands of worker who fabricated polyvinyl the appointment of an auditor general chloride products would not be involved. 1976. The respite was brief. and a sufficient number of assistants in The National Campaign to Stop the order to improve the Treasury system. MORE DEATHS B-1 Bomber, the CDFP and the CNFP ·within a matter of weeks, German officials work with the less publicized leftist reported six suspicious cases of liver disease think tanks and radical research groups-the Institute for Policy Studies, in a plant that made polyvinyl chloride floor DISARMAMENT LOBBY TARGETS tiles. Connecticut health officials documented the Fund for Peace's Center for Defense the liver cancer deaths of two persons, one CONGRESS Information, the North American Con­ who had handled only finished polyvinyl gress on Latin America, et cetera-as chloride products, the other an accountant constituent parts of a unified mo\·ement at the plant. HON. LARRY McDOIALD to so reduce America's military capabili­ The effects on the c~nsumer are still un­ OF GI:ORGIA ties that this country will never again known. In April, OSHA announced an emergency IN THE HODSE OF REPRESENTA'Tl.YES be able to militarily assist one of our al­ temporary standard of 50 parts per million Thursday, April 1, 1976 lies in resisting Communist aggression to be reduced by Jan. 1, 1975, to one part per and subversion. million or in essence, "no detectable level." Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. In the campaign, the think tanks As OSHA was wrestling with the crisis, Speaker, Soviet strategists, pointing out and research groups provide biased the plastics industry began a concerted ef­ the usefulness of "detente" to their selections of facts and witnesses to fort to prevent control on what had become revolutionary totalitarian cause to other send to testify before us; the CNFP act.s a $3-billion-a-year operation. Communists, have emphasized that "the as the day-to-day lobbying arm; and A survey paid for by the plastics industry example of Vietnam shows the tremen­ the B-1 group and the CDFP serve as predicted that the new standard would cost dous import~.nce, in the climate of two million jobs and a loss of production and the grassroots pressure coordinators. sales as high as $90 billion. It was hinted the detente, of non-military, political meth­ Fifteen years ago, the Communists entire industry might be forced to close ods of combating the export of counter­ changed their view of elected legislative down. revolution-as the Communists call bodies. Whereas for decades they had Spurred on by public outcry, plus pressure American assistance to non-Communist tried to destroy them, the line was from labor and environmentalists, OSHA governments resisting Communist take­ changed. As a Czech theoretician con­ stuck to the one part per million standard. over-alongside armed revolutionary cisely wrote: The industry went to court, claiming the struggle with the diversified assistance Parliament in bourgeois countries is a standard was not technically feasible. given it by the world of socialism." An appeals court upheld the standard, product of historical developme1't and can­ saying: "They (the industry) simply need The Soviet camp tacticians are en­ not be erased from life. It ls necessary, more faith in their own technological poten­ deavoring to achieve "materialization of therefore, to work in it and to use it ln the tialities." detente" which they define as "military fight against bourgeois societ . The standard went into effect on April 1, detente * * *steps to end the arms race." The disarmament lobby has developed 1974. The Soviet Union sees Western disarma­ a sophisticated pressure campaign STANDARD UPHELD ment as the way to insure that the United against Members of Congress they have Unsatisfied, industry carried its appeal to States and the non-Communist world selected as swing votes. A "Timeline" the U.S. Supreme Court. Last May, the court will never again be able to exercise a for action distributed at the March con­ refused to hear the case, leaving the stand­ military option in aiding our non-Com­ ference states: ard in force. munist allies against Soviet-backed ag­ The new law is now on the books to be gression. T II"1.ELINI: enforced by OSHA. One of the Soviet tactics in this dis­ FEBRUARY The vinyl chloride industry, despite its Determine your Rep's position on the B-1 dire predictions, says it ls now complying armament drive is to build alliances be­ and on cutting military spending. with the OSHA regulations. Instead of wide­ tween the Communists "and other social Local Campaigns should probably desig­ spread layoffs and plant closings, the in­ and political forces, including left-wing nate a person to get the Rep's position in dustry ls expanding, with four new vinyl currents of the ruling bou1·geois parties," writing, if you don't already have it. INFORM chloride producers in operation. which are already involved in some pro­ NATIONAL CAMPAIGN (send copies of let­ And despite the claims of multi-billion­ socialist endeavors. The tacticians state ters, even if Rep claims s/he is undecided.) dollar expenditures, the cost to industry to that "whatever their form, these al­ Reach Out: Use dollar bills and resolutions meet OSHA regulations, according to one liances help to isolate" anti-Soviet and to approach new individuals and groups. private survey, was $300 million. (Save names and addresses for future mail­ By the end of 1974, the grim statistics anti-Communist counter moves and ing.) were compiled: 32 cases of vinyl chloride-re­ "contribute to the struggle" against pri­ Make plans to attend "fiscal '77" in March. lated cancer had been discovered and 16 vate property and the free enterprise Specialized Work: Some regions should people had died. Countless others were ex­ system. pressure Reps and Senators who are on Armed posed and are potential victims. For the Many of the old agitational groups Services or Budget Committees. Nat·i. Cam­ dead, the dying and those who wait in fear, who had worked together in support of paign will let you know. the changes came too late. the Communist aggressors in Vietnam, National Campaign delivering testimony, For the American worker, too often the lobbying Budget and Armed Services com­ changes come too late. Laos and Cambodia met here in Wash­ ington, March 13-15, 1976, to coordinate mittees, and continuing outreach. Presidential candidates will be active in a new project in line with the changed some areas: raise the B-1 issue. Ask, "If you requirements of Soviet strategy. These were elected president, would you termi­ groups had worked in various coalitions nate the B-1 program?" Send quote, date TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO TODAY heavily influenced by the Communist and place to National Campaign. Party, U.S.A. such as the People's Coali­ MARCH tion for Peace and Justice and the New Continue outreach with dcilar bill le:ifiets HON. CHARLES E. WIGGINS Mobilization Committee to End the War and resolutions. OF CALIFORNIA in Vietnam. They also cooperated with Get people to v.-rite their first letter to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Indochina Peace Campaign and in Congress. "Fiscal '77"-March 13, 14, 15, Washington, Thursday, April 1, 1976 the Coalition to Stop Funding the War. After the Communist victories in Indo­ D.C ..-A Conference to Stop the B-1 Bomber, Mr. WIGGINS. Mr. Speaker, 200 years Cut Military Spending, Meet Human Needs. china last May, these groups moved to Continue specialized pressure on Budget ago today, on April l, 1776, the C.on~i­ the new program without hesitation. and Armed Services committees. (March 15: nental Congress issued compTehens1ve The Indochina Peace Campaign became last day for Armed Services committees to guidelines regarding the public finances the Campaign for a Democratic Foreign submit defense estimates to Budget Com- to the standing committee it had created Policy-CDFP-the Coalition to Stop mittees.) on February 17 to supervise that area of Funding the War became the Coalition A.PRU. government. Convinced that, "nothing for a New Foreign Policy-CNFP-and Start to pressure your Reps on (1) First f the things attributed to it; for itself. to which I refer "is becoming a part of" impotent because It isn't going anywhere. This piece of legislation was vetoed in 1971, Briefly stated, the proposal is to make fed­ but it is back on the floor of Congress and the child and family services bill. The fact is that such a "charter" has eral funds available to help States and com­ now has the votes to pass. It is our obligation munities provide certain public services for to tell our legislators: Senators Bayh and never even been considered in the House children and their famllies. Hartke & our U.S. Representatives what we of Representatives and will not become think of this legislation. Only our com­ a part of the legislation. These would include such things as pre­ plaints can change their minds. They take natal care, food where needed, part or full­ your vote seriously. Take the trouble to write Rather, the "charter" cited in the :flyer time day care for children of working moth­ or suffer the consequences of your silence. was mentioned in a speech made on De­ ers, tutoring at home where deemed useful, cember 2, 1971, by Senator CARL CURTIS. medical examination and treatment for cer­ CAN THE GOVEB.NMENT TAKE AWAY YOUR tain handicapped children, and training for CHILDREN? of Nebraska, in opposing the comprehen­ parents and a.bout-to-be-parents. Comprehensive child development, the So­ sive child development bill which was viet-style system of communal child rear­ then under consideration. There ls nothing compulsory about the ing which almost became la.win this country legislation now before the Congress. Even 1! The charter, according to Senator CUR­ the bill were enacted, anyone who felt like in 1971 is once a.gain being pushed through TIS, was developed by a British orga­ Congress. The current bills, H.R. 2966 (House it could ignore each and all of Its provisl<>ns. of Representatives) and S626 (Senate), are nization and, as the Library of Congress Nothing in it says-or implies-that virtually identical to the Ol'iginal act passed study notes, Mr. Speaker, Senator CURTIS youngsters have a legal right to disobey in 1971, but fortunately vetoed by the then did not claim in his statement concern­ their parents or guardians. president, Nixon. Now it is known as the ing parental rights that the charter "is Nowhere does it forbid pa.rental guidance Child & Family Services Act of 1975 and any becoming a part of" the bill. advice or preference in rellgious training. changes are merely cosmetic. SAFEGUARDS OF PARENTAL RIGHTS The subject isn't mentioned. In vetoing the original blll which would In fact, it says in speciflc words: have removed children from their parents• Mr. Speaker. the charges in the flyer "Nothing in this act shall be construed or instruction shortly a.fter birth, Mr. Nixon are irresponsible. applied in such manner as to infringe upon said that it would weaken the American The sponsors of the bill have carefully or usurp the moral and legal rights and re­ family by committing "the vast moral au­ sponsiblllties of parents." thority of the national government to the drafted it to protect the rights of parents and their children: First, participation in So why all the excitement? It is puzzling side of communal approaches to child rearing to Senator Mondale, one of the chief spon­ over against the family orient.ed approach." any program authorized by the bill would sors, who says the measure "is being sub­ We are in serious danger of "Sovletlzlng" be completely voluntary. Children would jected to one of the most distorted and dis­ the education of our children 1f we let the not participate without the specific re­ honest attacks I have witnessed in my 15 Child & Family Services Act of 1975 pass. quest of a parent or legal guardian. years of public service." Those who support this Act in the Congress There ls another practical thing to keep are convinced that it will "Sall through the Second, children would not be tested unless the parent or guardian were in­ in mind a.bout The Child a.nd Family Service House." Act: It would cost a lot of money. Estimates According to the Congressional Record. the formed and given the opportunity to ex­ cept the child from testing. a.re that an initial annual expense of 150 intent of this bill Is for the goverliment to million dollars would grow to almost 2 bil­ be responsible . . . for the nutrttlonal · tn· Third, the bill contains specific Jan- lion by the third year of operation. 9190 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1, 19'1'6 This present Congress is in no mood. to add One letter written to Percy, Stevenson, would "inf1·inge upon or usurp the moral such a burden on taxpayers who already a,,re Rep. Edward Derwinski (R-Ill.) and Rep. and legal rights and responsibilities of par­ making angry noises about waste and the Henry Hyde (R-Ill.) from two Illinois cou­ ents or guardians." high cost of Government. Since this is elec­ ples charged that the bills "would transfer There are more charges, but the upshot is tion year, the measure probably has less my rights as a parent of my own children into always the same. An examination of the chance now than a year ago, when it was in­ the hands of HEW (Department of Health, terms of the bills demonstrates the allega­ troduced-and that means practically none. Education, and Welfare) bureaucrats, social tions to be unfounded. Also, remember the President is demand­ workers or teachers." "There is room for legitimate disagreement ing that Congress do more to hold the line A letter to Rep. Paul Simon (D-Ill.) from on such legislation," Percy has said. "It is on spending. It is a keystone of his cam­ Huntington Beach, Calif., ays the legislation unfortunate that the attacks against s. 626 paign to be against this bill, and any like it. would bring "the curse of God upon us.". (the Senate version) are largely based on So everybody can stand at ease. A letter to Stevenson from "a concerned irresponsible misrepresentation of the provi­ The bill doesn't provide all those wild American citizen, mother and schoolteacher," sions and purposes of the bill." things the letter-writers fear. It has no says: Percy and Stevenson, as well as the other realistic chance of adoption. And even should "If passed, this (bill) would take away our congressmen concerned, have been answering it overcome its rating as one of the longest freedoms and rights as American citizens and each letter in an attempt to rebut the shots in history and somehow be enacted parents. This bill is certainly against God's charges. In some cases, people who wrote in by Congress, it would be vetoed almost the family plan." to denounce the bills or to ask. for informa­ minute it reached the White House. But none of the charges is true, say Mon­ tion have written back to thank the senators The furor is a false alarm. Forget it. dale, Brademus, Percy, Stevenson, Simon and for correcting their misinformation. others involved. Percy and Stevenson are Mondale and Brademas say the bills :.re co-sponsors of the Senate bill. designed to provide child and family services CHILD CARE LEGLISATION "The amount of misinformation spread that they believe are sorely needed. They about the bills is unbelievable," Simon said note, for example, that 40 per cent of the in a column sent to his constituents in young children in the United States have HON. ABNER J. MIKVA down-State Illinois. not been immunized fully against childhood And Mondale, who received the brunt of OF ll.LINOIS diseases and that the U.S. infant mortality the attacks, decries "the wild and completely rate L'> higher tha.n that of 13 other coun­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES false allegations." tries. Thursday, April 1, 1976 The accusations arose after a two-page They stress the voluntary nature of the mimeographed fiyer was widely circulated as programs. Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, many of us part of an organized campaign to discredit A similar bill was passed by Congress in in Congress have received letters from the bills. 1971 but was vetoed by then-President Rich­ our constituents in opposition to child The anonymous :flyer purports to quote ard M. Nixon. He said the bill "would com­ care legislation

ark Mayor Kenneth A. Gibson, whose communism. They attempt to conVince the protc~tt .J n of So\iet national security re­ commitment to equality for all people. American people that freedom and democ­ quires a larger army. racy are in more danger than ever before. and whose dedication to fairness and Strategic nuclear bal.a.nee has In the race to maintain "essential equiva­ progress been demonstrated many lence" we unwittingly begin to accept the R~ent reports from the Pentagon stress times over. Pentagon's assumptions: the United States the rmproved capabilities of Soviet strategic And it is also appropriate that this must retain the capability to intervene nuclear weapons systems. In the production event is dedicated to the late Major Tay­ whenever and wherever it choses. of missiles, nuclear submarines, and air de­ lor, a former Crispus Attucks Society (3) We cannot be the policeman of the fense systems the US is said to be falling charter member and past potentate of world. This is one of the lessons of Viet­ far behind. The Department of Defense in­ Galconda Temple No. 24 of the Shriners nam. National security should be defined sists that such improvements in the Soviet in Newark. primarily as the ability to defend the safety, capabilities, unless countered, will destroy freedom, and well-being of the American the strategic weapons balance. people. We can no longer accept the Penta­ As in the past, capabilities in the US force gon's numerical comparisons nor can we ac. structure that more than offset Soviet de­ cept the foreign policy assumptions on which velopments have been brushed aside. A BALANCED VIEW OF THE SOVIET they are based. Like our defense objectives, The US outnumbers the Soviet Union 3-1 THREAT ou~ millta.ry spending can, and should, be in numbers of deliverable nuclear warheads. finite. US missiles, though smaller than those In the following pages a. more detailed of the Soviets, are far more accurate. HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS analysis of the Soviet threat is presented. US nuclear submarines are technologically OF CALIFORNIA Part 1 presents what we believe to be a more superior to those of the Soviets. Capable of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES balanced View of US and SoViet milltary carrying almost twice a.s many mJ.sslles as capab1Uties. Part n addresses the major for­ comparable Soviet models, they are also vir­ Thursday, April 1, 1976 eign policy assumptions behind the call to tually invulnerable. Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, in the match the Soviets. The United States possesses low :flying I . A BALANCED VIEW OF THE U.S. AND SOVIET MIL­ penetration missiles which the Soviet Union past weeks we have been subjected to a has not developed the technology to detect lot of statements from the Pentagon and ITARY CAPABILITIES and destroy. the administration about the threat posed Defense Department estimates of Soviet ca.pa.billties are framed in terms of numbers Rather than p-0sing a. threat to US secu­ to our national security by the Soviet rity, the Soviets are far behind in the devel­ and percentages rather than missions and opment of both offensive and defensive military. goals. We are warned that the Russla.ns are Yet there are other valid Points of weapons systems. They do not approach a spending more on defense, that they are first-strike capa.bility to destroy our retalia­ view on this critical issue, points of view buying bigger and better weapons e.nd Will tory nuclear wea.pons. The So~ Union's which tend to blunt much of the scare soon surpass us in both (numbers and tech­ spending on civil defense programs should tactics being thrown at us. nology). Yet we are not told what the pro­ indicate their apprehensions a.bout us in­ I would like to insert into the RECORD tection of Soviet national security requires, tentions not their willingness to launch a nor whether the Russians have succeeded first strike as is charged. an article, "A Balanced View of the So­ in attaining that level of defense. Is the De­ viet Threat," prepared by Allie Bledsoe fense Department asking the right ques­ The US has surpas.sed the ability to deter and Jeff Malachowsky for the ad hoc tions? Are they using relevant measure­ the Soviet Union from initiating a nuclear Coalition for a New Foreign Policy-a ments? What is being left out? attack. In destruction capabilities we have reached a point of massive overkill. Even if national organization of 38 church, civic, Spending the Russians were able to destroy every land peace, and social organizations. According to the Pentagon the Soviet Un­ based missile in the us. Europe. and Asia, This article presents a balanced as­ ion is spending 36% more on defense than the missiles on our Poseidon submarines sessment of Soviet military capabilities. the us. and will spend 50% more in FY could still destroy urban areas all across the and I hope my colleagues will read it 77. Such figures are obtained by calculating Soviet Union. We have the &bility to kill carefully: what it would cost us to purchase and oper­ every human being on this planet and do it ate the Soviet defence establishment at US 27 times. At what point Will we be willing to A BALANCED Vrew OF THE SOVIET THREAT prices. Calculated in such a way the figures say we have enough? (Prepared for the Coa.11tlon by Jeff are necessarily biased. Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld argues for Mala.chowsk:y and Allie Bledsoe) The Soviet defense establishment concen­ the need to have increased ftexibllity in our INTRODUCTION trates on manpower, which because of low strategic forces so that we may have further It's budget time again and the annual de~ wages and conscription, costs them very lit­ options. The Pentagon has announced its bate over miUtary spending is in full swing. tle. To maintain such an army at US pay intention to build even more accurate weap­ Almost on cue, the Soviet monolith rises in rates would be very expensive. If we make ons so as to be able to destroy Soviet missile the east and bares its teeth. Amerioans a.re the calculations in rubles we find the situa­ silos; to "achieve a ha.rd ta.rget kill capabil­ told to forget detente. Our national security tion reversed. The US military concentrates ity". We must have, according to the Penta­ is in peril. We must have more arms. on technology. Technology is very expensive gon, a hard target kill deterrent. Since World War II the US Defense estab­ in the Soviet Union. Thus the question of In the past it was US policy to purposely lishment has used the Soviet threat argu­ who 1s spending more depends on the price limit our missile accuracy to allay the Soviet ment to justify increased defense expendi­ system being used. Union's first strike fears. There have been no tures. We needed more money for Korea, CIA and Defense Department reports stress developments in Soviet weapons that would Vietnam, and Angola. There was a missile gap that the dollar comparison does not show suggest an abandonment or this policy. If and an ABM gap. Now we are warned that what the Soviet Union is actually spending we threaten Soviet missile systems and sec­ the Russians surpass us in every area. They nor what the burden of such spending 1s ond strike retaliation capabillties we run the are spending more than we are. They have on the Soviet economy. The figures do not risk of continuing the arms splral, lowering more bombers, submarines, surface ships, and really tell us anything. Yet they continue the nuclear threshold, and eliminating the tactical weapons. Once again the Soviets are to be used in official documents, at congres­ possibility of arms limitation through nego­ pounding at our back door. sional hearings, and in press reports. tiations. If we continue to plan for "limited" ·In the light of past propaganda campaigns, Since the argument that the Soviet Union and "controlled" nuclear attacks we render recent warnings of the Soviet threat must be is spending more on defense has been re­ atomic initiatives thinkable and therefore critically examined. After careful consideTa­ futed, the Defense Department is also em­ more probable. The greatest threat to us tion we draw a. number of conclusions. phasizing another figure. We are warned that stability and security may prove to be con­ ( 1) The present Soviet defense structure the Soviet Union allocates 10-15% of their tinued US development o! bigger and better does not present a threat to US security. Gross National Product (GNP) for defense. strategic weapons. Whether or not the SoViets are spending It is often forgotten that the military Quantity i·s quality plays a. much different role in the Soviet more on defense than we are is irrelevant. Estimates of Soviet cape.bUities are con­ They are surrounded by hostile enemies and Union than in the US. Looked on as a center sistently made in measurements designed to have mo1·e to defend against. The United for political and technical training, it is a. part of the structure of Soviet society, not emphasize Sovlet milltary superiority. Thus States continues to maintain technological we a.re forcefully reminded. that the Soviets superiority. Our strategic, naval, and man­ simply an instrument of war. have more of everything than we do. Accord­ power forces are capable of deterring any So­ In addition the Soviet Union has more ing to the most recent Defense Department Yiet attack. than the US to defend against. While the report the Soviets have more tanks, more air­ (2) The American people desire a less mili­ Pentagon readily admits that the Russians craft, more ships, and more submarines. Only taristic, non-interventionist foreign policy. are the only enemy worth worrying about in rarely do we hear reports as to the quality The Pentagon, however, rejects such a terms of military capability, the SoViets face rather than the quantity of Soviet weapons. change in policy: we must continue to be continuing threats from China. a.long their While it is true that the Soviet Union and the policeman of the world. Thus Defense eastern border, NATO forces in Europe, and the other members of the Warsaw Pact pos­ Department spokepeople play on f-ears of of course the United States. In short, the sess more tanks than NATO, NATO tanks are April 1, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9195 far superior in range, accuracy, reloadabilit y, security troops. These military troops are a tethered goat, automatically involves us in and armor piercing capability. Furthermore, maintained for internal security purposes. any Korean confiict. When we station troops most experts give the battle field in future The Soviet Union has, as former CIA di­ in a country we tie ourselves to that coun­ wars advantage to the anti-tank forces. The rector William Colby pointed out. "a national try's future. As in Vietnam, we risk becom­ us has 23,000 of the most deadly TOW anti­ historical fixation on the problem of inva­ ing involved in confiicts that do not concern tank weapons, far surpassing in quality and sion." Having been invaded three times in us. number what ls available to the Warsaw recent history, they are naturally concerned The risk of war is a very serious matter in P act. about the possibilities of it happening again. a nuclear age. When we maintain troops and As in the case of tanks, US tact ical air Rather than representing a threat to the nuclear weapons in foreign countries that power is technologically superior to that of U.S., many of their recent increases in spend­ bear no relation to our national securit y we the Soviet Union. While only 7 % of US ing seem to be for defense, reflecting this h eight en that risk. By placing forces all over tactical combat forces are equipped with fear. t he world we confront the Russians all over d esjgns operational in 1960, the Soviet Union Having examined the Soviet defense est ab­ t he world. They must maintain forces to cont inues to rely on improved versions of lishment, we find recent estin'lates of their protect their allies from U.S. intervention. mid-1950's designs. capabilities and intentions to be widely exag­ We do not protect our national securit y, we US ships are superior to those of the gerated. There is no overwhelming threat t o t hreaten it. We increase the possibility of war Soviet Union in tonnage, firepower and en­ U.S. security arising from the "Communist between the Soviet Union and the United durance. The US builds fewer, larger, and bloc". Soviet capabilities, whether offensive States. It is difficult to imagine any "inter­ more capable ships than the Soviets. or defensive, can be shown to be consistently est" being more vital to our national securit y US submarines continue to be superior inferior to those of the U.S. There has never than reducing the risk of mllitary confron­ to those of the Soviets in accuracy, in vulner­ been, and will not be in the near future, "es­ tation and nuclear war. ability, and number of missiles carried. The sential equivalence" or a "balance of power" We can never spend enough money t o buy Soviet Union possesses no anti-submarine between U.S. and Soviet weapons systems. a military machine capable of controlling warfare device capable of destroying US nu­ Though the Soviet Union has tried desper­ change in the world. Developing nations will clear submarines. ately to catch up, the U.S. continues to lead continue to seek independence, 1nfiuence, Through the Defense Department will cau­ the race. and strength. The "threat" of changes in the tiously admit that our weapons are tech­ II. :MAJOR FOREIGN POLICY ASSUMPTIONS status quo will never lessen. We will always nologically superior to those of the Soviets, We have shown that the United States can "need" more, to meet more "challenges." they will simultaneously warn us that Soviet still win the numbers game. It 1s time to ask The United States should not try to be po­ technology ls steadly improving. It ls cus­ ourselves whether we want to continue to liceman of the world because we cannot suc­ tomary to reveal such improvements around play it. ceed. We cannot hold back the development appropriations time. During the debate over According to present US policy, the United of new governments and economic and social ABM's we were warned of new Soviet MIRV's, States must have the forces and the capabil­ orders; we cannot prevent evolution and requests to build the B-1 are backed by re­ ity to fight the Soviets on any battleground. change. Furthermore we do not have the ports of the new Soviet Backfire, the Trident This policy 1s dictated by our present de:fln1- right to dictate the lives of others with our submarine ls proposed amid rumors of im­ tion of national security. We are the protec· military forces. The goals of such a policy proved Soviet anti-submarine warfare. tor of the "free world." Our national security, are unobtainable and undesirable. Just how close have the Soviets come to as well as that of our allies, depends upon the It is because we pursue such world-wide matching our technology? maintenance of "lnt.arnational stability." To objectives that our milit ary budget is as high The complexity of US technology has been preserve that stability we must be prepared as it is. We buy what the Soviets buy so cited as the major obstacle to establishing to fight for "allies" and interests in an parts there will be no "perceived inequalities." We the ruble cost of the US defense budget. In of the world. We are committed to maintain­ plan complex new weapons systems just in many cases the Soviets do not have the ca­ ing the status quo with arms. case the Soviets have something on the pabllity to produce close substitutes of US This definition of national security has drawing board. The contest is infinite. No one weapons. Theoretically the ruble cost of such resulted in, at present, over 40 agreements gains except those that profit from the man­ systems would be infinite. committing our forces to combat in the name u!acture of weapons. Everybody loses. The Secretary Rumsfeld cites the Russian T- of national security. It ls the policy that world's supply of combustible material wait­ 62 tank as an example of a "product im· justified our involvement in Korea, Vietnam, ing to explode into war grows. The store or provement over a previous weapon." Yet and Angola. Its goals are 1) the supression resources available to solve ou r human p rob­ former CIA director Graham states that it of int.ernal political change (Vietnam). 2) lems shrinks. would take "a left-handed midget" to re­ influence or control of the internal and ex­ We must return to our foun ding principles load it due to structural deficiencies. ternal policies of other countries, by threat­ of self-determination for all peoples. We Before the Soyuz-Apollo mission some US ening to use or withhold our mllitary power must adopt a foreign policy that is non­ space officials expressed concern as to wheth­ (Europe, the Middle East, Afrir,a). interventionist. This means we accept the er Soviet technology was sufficiently ad­ A further result of this policy ls the pre­ inevitability of change in the world. We rec­ vanced to ensure the safety of US astronauts. vention of regional power balances emerging ognize the fact that neither East nor West We seem to be far enough ahead to stop in areas where they should, e.g. in Northeast can supply enough weapons, troops, or where we are. It ls time to slow down the Asia between Japan, China, and the Soviet money, to impose their ways an people seek­ pace of the weapons race. Un ion. ing independence. Soviet perspective Has this policy been politically effective? National security must be redefined as t he protection of the safety, freedom, and well­ It has become the standard practice to Military power has proved to be of limited utility as an instrument for political infiu­ being of all Americans, and the pursuit ot assume that every increase in Soviet defense our truly "vital" interests. we must deter­ spending or capability ls directed against the ence. The days of super power hegemony­ whether Soviet or Am.erican-are over. The mine what milltary forces are necessary to U.S. Increases in Soviet manpower have been insure that no part of the United States ls seen to be directed solely against NATO, yet, smaller countries are growing stronger. Like Vietnam they are protective of their na­ invaded or attacked. Once we have achieved the Soviets have enemies besides the U.S., that capability we need not increase our en emies they consider to be at least equally tionalism and determined to rule in their own way. We have been unable to prevent spending on defe:nse. We do not have to threatening. match the Russians; we do not have to fight The Soviets perceive an increasing threat political changes in countries such as France, Italy, or Portugal. Similarly the Russians the world. from China on their eastern border where We do have to provide f or our needs and t hey maintain a force of 45 divisions. A sub­ have been unable to thwart the independent political dir.ections of Egypt, Yugoslavia, and solve our problems. The United States is 15th stantial percentage of the increase in Soviet in infant mortality, 15th in illiteracy, 18t h mill tary spending has been in response to Mozambique. Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld claims t h at in doctor to patient ratio, an d 26th in life this fear of the Chinese. For example, of the expectancy. National security ls more t han 31 additional Soviet divisions created since our military strength ls the bulwark of the free world; it must remain formidable. Such just a military problem. 1967, 28 have been deployed along the Americans have shown that they d o not Chinese-Soviet border. declarations make little sense. Many of the allies we defend are universally recognized want to become involved in another Viet­ Many of the satellite nations may prove to nam. They do not want to be wed to eternally be a source of weakness rather than a source as the most cruelly repressive in the world (Sout h Korea, Iran, the Philippines, Indo­ rising military expenditures and commit­ of strength. The increase of 5 Soviet divisions ments. They do not want t o expend scarce nesia., Brazil). We have lost the respect and in. Eastern Europe is accounted for by the resources on weapon s that do not enhance fact that 5 divisions of the Soviet invading good wishes of many of the world's people our national securit y. Tb.ere are problems force remained behind to occupy Czechoslo­ as a result of our interference in Greece, to vakia. I n dochina, Chile, and Angola. In our attempt at tend at home. Three quarters of Soviet ground forces in to police t he world, we have succeeded in iso­ In cutting off aid to Angola, Congress Eastern Europe are stationed around popu­ lating ourselves. began to consider the views of the American lation centers rather than on the front lines. The policy is as dangerous as it is ine!fec­ people. Future defense budget s m u st con­ They are a.n occupying, rather than a fron t­ tive. tinue to reflect this reject ion of an interven­ llne strike, :force. :n.1:ain t a ining :forces to fight all o v er t he tionist , militaristic Americ an foreign p olicy. There has been a substantial increase in world means we risk war all over the v•orld. We cannot be swayed by the Pentagon's t he number of KGB border guards and MVD Thus our division stationed in Korea, like propaganda. The Congress and the Adminis- CXXII--581-Part 8 9196 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1, 1976 tration must be pressured and informed. It We have a nice, small business. We work Medicare were the most representative issues is time to stop playing the numbers game. hard, we like to pay our share of taxes, and of the Johnson years." SOURCES I do not know much a.bout Washington, D.C., Asserting that President Johnson "acceler­ ( 1) Department of Defense: but it seems like they could make some ad­ ated" by a decade or two the progress made Annual Defense Department Report--Sec­ justments down there to help the taxpayers in civil rights, Mr. Barr noted: retary of Defense Schlesinger FY '76, Secre­ back home. "Lyndon Johnson was uniquely qualified tary of Defense Rumsfeld FY '77. Mr. Speaker, Mrs. Hamberger is right, by conviction, by his legislative mastery and ( 2) Congress: by his southern origin to drive through the Allocation of Resources in the Soviet and the sooner we start making these Civil Rights Acts of 1964, 1965 and 1968 that Union and China-1975, Hearings before the "adjustments," the better it ·will be for all for businessmen at least have nearly ended Subcommittee on Priorities and Economy in of us. the terrible waste of a segregated society." Government of the Joint Economic Com­ The speaker observed that "to limit the mit tee June 18th and July 21, 1975. economic potential of blacks, Spanish-speak­ Congressional Record, Senate floor debate, JOE BARR: L.B. J. AND SAM ing Americans, Asians, Indians and women June 2nd and 3rd, 1975. RAYBURN because of primitive social bias is madness." (3) Foreign Policy Magazine: Mr. Barr credited Mr. Rayburn as the ma­ Summer 1973-article by Les Aspin on the jor architect of the "Truth in Securities·• games the Pentagon plays. law that requires full financial disclosure by Winter 1975-article by Michael Klare on HON. J. J. PICKLE a public company issuing securities. naval power. OF TEXAS "The 'Truth in Securities' portion of the Securities and Exchange Commission law," (4) Institute for Policy Studies (1901 Q IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES St . N.W.): Mr. Barr said, "is the legislation that has The Problem of the Federal Budget. Thursday, April 1, 1976 caused the most anguish in the board rooms Foreign Policy Primer. of many great American corporations in the ( 5) Brookings Institution: Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, many of past two years. Setting National Priorities. The 1976 you in this Chamber know Joseph Walk­ "In the backwash of Watergate the stern­ Budget. er Barr well. He served in this body dur­ ly enforced disclosm·e provisions of the SEC In addition the Brookings Institution has ing the 86th Congress as a Representa­ act have forced public companies to lay out published a number of paperbacks on indi­ tive from the greater Hoosier State of on the record the story of any involvement vidual weapons systems. in illegal political contributions or pay-offs Indiana. overseas." (6) There are a number of resources avail­ his able from the Coalition For A New Foreign Barr was highly decorated for gal­ Mr. Barr said no responsible business lead­ Policy. For a.. listing of these materials see lantry in the Second World War. Before er has suggested that "Mr. Sam's stern dic­ the Resource sheet. The Ra.venal, Warnke, entering public service, he distinguished tum be modified or softened." and Musil pieces are particularly useful for a himself in a wide variety of independ~nt He added that "in spite of the current study of the Soviet threat. businesses. agony and trauma, 'Truth in Securities' has Mr. Barr served as Secretary of the helped develop the amazing breadth and depth of our capital markets. Here at least, Treasury under President Lyndon B. thanks to Mr. Sam, investors have a chance Johnson. Recently he delivered the dedi­ to make rational investments based on relia­ THE PEOPLE ARE WORRIED cation address at the new Graduate ble information." School of Business, at the University of Texas in Austin. HON. JAMES ABDNOR I enclose a news story from the UT OF SOUTH DAKOTA Press Service about that occasion: HON. F. EDWARD HEBERT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES L.B. J. AND SAM RAYBURN Thursday, April 1, 1976 AUSTIN, TEX.-President Lyndon B. John­ son and House Speaker Sam Rayburn estab­ Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, not a day lished principles that have significant bear­ HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABBO goes by but what the mail brings me ing on business today-and will stand future OF NEW YORK several letters from South Dakotans business leaders in good stead, a former U.S. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES worried about Government spending and Trea.sury Secretary said here Friday after­ the increasing dominance of Govern­ noon (March 26). Wednesday, March 31, 1976 ment in the daily decisions they must Joseph W. Barr of Washington, D.C., deliv­ Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, I rise to ering the dedication address for the new make. They find their taxes for these Graduate School of Business Building at The join my colleagues in expressing our services at all levels of Government ris­ University of Texas, cited three of those prin­ best wishes to the distinguished gentle­ ing steadily and can readily find truth ciples: man from Louisiana, the Honorable F. in predictions that by 1985 54 cents of Don't waste hun'lan resources. EDWARD HEBERT, who has announced every dollar they earn will go to taxes. Run public companies publicly. that he will not seek reelection to this Mrs. Arlene Hamberger and her Make sure the business system works to body. The residents of the First Congres­ family have operated the Coast to Coast confer wide benefits. sional District in Louisiana will miss the 13 Mr. Barr, who was a member of the 86th Store at Scotland, S. Dak. for the past Congress (1958-60), served in the U.S. Treas­ outstanding representation they have re­ years. They are worried about being able ury as Secretary (December 1968-January ceived in the House during these past 35 to stay in business and continue the serv­ 1969) and Under Secretary (1965-68) during years and millions of other Americans ices their customers have come to expect. the Johnson Administration. concerned about a strong national de­ Personal service has been and will con­ He was introduced at the UT building ded­ fense for our Nation will also feel his tinue to be the key to the success of ication by Mrs. Lyndon Johnson, a mem­ absence from Congress. small business and small towns. ber of the UT System Board of Regents. Louisiana has a long history of send­ Mrs. Hamberger wrote of her concern "Lyndon Johnson, more than any other ing able legislators to the U.S. Congress recently: man,'' declared Mr. Barr, "drove into our and none of those has served longer or I am disturbed by high taxes, big spending laws and our lives the basic principle that with greater distinction than ED HEBERT. and intla.tion. I think I am right when I we cannot waste human resources." I have been privileged to serve with him think deficit spending causes inflation. Our Sam Rayburn, he noted, "established the and to have worlced with him on matters merchandise is being priced so it is hard to principle that public companies a.re truly of mutual interest between the Armed sell. We just can't stay in business if taxes public and must disclose to investors and Services Committee and Defense Appro­ go higher. creditors the information they need to make We have had to eliminate some things we priations Subcommittee on which I sit. an intelligent decision." His background as a newspaperman used to do in the store. Is it not possible Mr. Barr said both men "shared and imple­ for government to do the same? helped FD HEBERT retain a sense of public mented their conviction that if our business in If taxes could be cut, we would have more system is to survive, its benefits must be interest during his years of service money to spend for remodeling, n ew equip- widely shared." In that regard, the speaker Washington. ment, better stocks of merchandise and the I want to add my wishes for a suc­ business community would prosper. said: cessful and enjoyable period of retire­ When I see how welfare is abused, when I "The Rural Electrification Administration, Social Security and Unemployment Compen­ ment from the Congress for ED HEBER'? see how government money 1s spent, it is not and to express my appreciation for his hard to realize that this is, sometime in our sation were the key issues representing this future, going to cause problems that m.ay be philosophy that Mr. Sam fought for in the tireless dedication to public service and too hard to handle. Roosevelt years. The war on Poverty and to this body. April 1, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF .REMARKS 9197 VOICE OF DEMOCRACY WINNER for independence two hundred years ago, it urban guerrilla. tactics could also be FOR THE STATE OF GEORGIA stirs a feeling of patriotism within me today. successful. Because of a realization of what our bicen­ Some groups of the left-particularly the tennial heritage means, I feel a new sense of Movimiento Revolucionario Oriental and the responsibility as a citizen of the United March 26 Movement-maintained close rela­ H01 . ROBERT G. STEPHENS, JR. States. I understand my duty to resµect the tions with the guerrilla organization, but did OF GEORGIA inherent rights that all men have, the rights not identify openly with them. Ir THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that were outlined in the Declaration. However, during the electoral campaign, In the same way that John Adams believed the Tupamaros ceased all armed actions, in Thursday, April 1, 1976 that independence was a must for the colo­ order to allow the electorate of the left to nies two hundred years ago, I believe that l\!lr. STEPHENS. Mr. Speaker, the show its feelings without an atmosphere of Veterans of Foreign Wars and its ladies patriotism is a must for America today. What violence. This effort to break the domina­ does our bicentennial heritage mean to me? tion of the Blancas and Colorados did not auxilliary conduct each year a Voice of It means understanding the principles upon succeed and Juan Marla Borda.berry was Democracy contest where nearly 500,000 which American democracy was based two elected to succeed Jorge Pacheco Areco. The high school students from across the hundred years ago and carrying out these election results are as follows: country compete for five national schol­ principles today. arships which are awarded as the top Colorado candidates: J. M. Bordaberry______325,246 prizes. Dr. J. Battle______217,344 This year the contest theme was "What A. Vasconcellos ______----- 44,437 Our Bicentennial Heritage Means to Me," URUGUAY AND ITS POLITICAL PAR­ TIES BEFORE THE COUP OF 1973 Gen. J. Ribas------8,381 and I would like to bring to the atten­ Total ------595,408 tion of my colleagues the speech of Mark Twilley, a 17-year-old senior at Thomson Blanco candidates: in HON. EDWARD I. KOCH W. F. Aldunate ______383, 113 High School Thomson, Ga., who was Gen. M. Aguerrondo ______201, 452 the Georgia State winner: OF NEW YORK 1975-76 VFW VOICE OF DEMOCRACY SCHOLAR• IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Total ------584,565 SHIP PROGRAM-GEORGIA WINNER MARK Thursday, April 1, 1976 Frente Amplio candidate (one TwILLEY candidate only) : The scene: A session of the Second Con­ Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, Members Gen. Liber Seregni ------270, 000 tinental Congress in Independence Hall in concerned about the present situation in Philadelphia in June of 1776. The members Uruguay will be interested in a back­ The fact that Bordaberry had less votes present include such opposing personalities ground paper prepared by Amnesty In­ than the major Blanco opponent did not as John Dickinson, the outspoken conserva­ prevent him from taking office, under the ternational concerning the various polit­ complicated Uruguayan electoral system. tive, and John Adams, the passionate, but ical parties which competed for power frustrated rebel who alienates those around In the 1972 Congress, there were a wide him with his constant badgering for inde­ before the military gained control of the variety of tones-from the extreme national­ pendence. On this particular da.y the files are government in 1973. As the report indi­ ist right to some splinter Colorado and Blanco annoying and the heat has become almost cates, political repression extends to all leftwtng groups that gave their votes to the unbearable. John Adams ls perched nervously parties, right, left, or center. The back­ Frente Ampllo candidate. on the edge of his chair as if he expects that ground paper follows: Under these conditions, President Borda­ something ls about to occur. Richard Henry berry had great difficulty in obtaining a safe POLITICAL PARTIES AND THE PARLIAMENTARY majority in Congress and, by the Acuerdo Lee, delegate from Virglnla., rises before his SYSTEM fellow Congressmen and addresses them. Nacional (National Agreement), he had to "Gentlemen, I propose that these United. POLITICAL PARTIES JN URUGUAY: BEFORE THE receive the support of two major Colorado Colonies are, and of right, ought to be free COUP OF JUNE 1973 groups and two Blanco groups-both and independent states." The struggle for power on the part of the received representation in the cabinet, with The first step toward freedom has been military--culminating in the present situa­ ministers appointed by those factions. It taken. After this day, there ensues a vigor­ tion-led. to confrontations, at di:fl'erent was a precarious situation: Without Blanco ous campaign by John Adams and other times and to di:fl'erent degrees on intensity, support, the President could only count on rebels to convince the more conservative with both the President and the Congress. 55 legislators in the Chamber of Deputies, members of Congress that independence is a The first stage, in October 1972, was aimed at while the opposition (Blancos and Frente necessity. Finally, on July 4, 1776, after days · gaining control over the executive, and then, Amplio) together had 75 representatives. It of intense and heated debates, the Congress with the support of the President, confront­ is precisely this delicate position that the adopts the Declaration of Independence. The ing the National Assembly. Whlle the Presi­ mlUtary exploited, provoking a clash between Declaration, written by Thomas Jefferson, re­ dent surrendered to the Armed Forces, the the President and members of his own party states many fundamental principles of de­ partial concessions of the members of the in the coalition, thereby making him more mocracy, but its simple beauty inspires the Congress were not sufficient to assure full dependent on the military. people of the colonies to :fight for freedom. control by the military; therefore the crisis The generals' strategy of undermining and Today, almost two hundred years later, we was brought to an end with the dissolution dividing the executive-legislative relation­ p1·epare to celebrate the bicentennial of our of both the House of Deputies and the ship was accompanied by an effort to split country's birth. Across the United States, Senate, on June 27, 1973. the political forces in Congress between the· both small towns and large cities have The two main parties, the Blancos and the traditional pa.rttes and the leftwlng opposi­ launched programs to honor America's birth­ Colorados (the Whites and the Reds respec­ tion. It was achieved both through accusa­ day. However, it appears that the meaning of tively), have dominated the political scene tions against individual legislators, and col­ the signing of the Declaration is becoming for many years. Their di:fl'erences are more lective accusations aimed at reducing the obscured by the commercialism of our Bi­ historical than political; they are both prestige of the Congress in public opinion, centennial plans. basically conservative, but with liberal and through exposing the corruption among its To me, our Bicentennial heritage is re­ left wings. Radical members of both parties members. sponsible for my entire way of life today. It joined the Frente Ampllo (Broad Front) to­ In the campaign against individual mem­ is highly improbable that we would still be gether with Communists, Socialists, Chris­ bers, the military demanded the repeal of living under British rule if there had been tian Democrats and other left-of-center parliamentary immunity, in order to submit no revolution, but we would have none of the groups, and participated for the first time several Congressmen to military courts. basic principles of life that were provided in elections in 1971, when they were a Interestingly, they began, in October 1972 for us by the actions of the founding fathers. serious challenge to the traditional parties. with Jorge Batlle Ibanez, the presidentiai Such actions have made it possible for us to The Movimiento de Liberacion Nacional candidate of the rival Colorado "list fifteen", live in a democratic society. The founding (MLN-Tupamaros) objected to the electoral who was a leading member of one of the fathers, who had a dream 1or American inde­ approach and involved themselves in violent groups comprising Bordaberry's coalition. pendence, like John Adams, are responsible actions. Their dissatisfaction arose partly Accused of corruption and imprisoned dur­ for our freedom today. from a growing feeling of frustration, in the ing the first crisis period, he was to be Our bicentennial heritage makes me more economic recession which the country was followed by another pro-Government aware of how important freedom and democ­ undergoing, with the increase in poverty, the Colorado, Amilcar Vasconcellos, who was racy are and how great a part they both play widening of the socio-economic gap and a charged with attempting to undermine the in my life. Instead of being only a celebra­ stagnated political bi-party system; aiso, morale of the military by defamation. Tllls tion with parties and pru:ades, the Bicenten­ guerrilla movements all over the Continent led to the second crisis in February 1973. nial should be a time for reassessing the were being inspired by the success of the The third and last crisis that brought about values and principles upon which our free­ Cuban revolution and, following the downfall the autogolpe (self-coup) was lnltiated by dom is based. of Che Guevara and the foco theory in the Armed Forces' demand to punish left­ Just as the Declaration stirred men to fight Bolivia, they were anxious to prove that wing ex-Blanco Senator Enrique Erro, 9198 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Ap'i~l 1, 19'!6 accused of protecting terrorists. With other mass demonstrations against the military owner of radio station KSMA, Santa parliamentarians of the left, Senator Erro takeover; held incommunicado and in poor had repeatedly denounced the brutal tech· condition for long period; released condi­ Maria, Calif. As the age of man goes it niques employed by the military and, 1n tionally Nov. 2, 1974. was a premature claim, and he will be 1971, was involved in the preparation of a 2. Rodney Arismendi: Secretary General of sorely missed, for Mr. Groom made a parliamentary report on the application of the Communist Party (banned in December large imprint on his profession and his torture by the military. Subsequently, he 1973); arrested May 1974 but, under con­ community. went into exile, only to be arrested by the siderable internal and external pressure, the Born in Kansas City, Mo., in 1924, a police in Argentina, where he is still authorities released him into exile in Janu­ resident of California since 1929 and of det ained. ary 1975 (he is currently in Havana). In the first two cases, the Armed Forces In the meantime, in October 1974, his suc­ Santa Maria since 1948, John Groom was managed to weaken President Bordaberry's cessor, Jaime Perez, who had also been a a pioneer broadcaster in the Santa support from his own party, thereby placing Deputy in the Congress, was detained and Maria area, respected in the radio in­ him at the mercy of the military. In the brutally tortured. He is one of many mem­ dustry on the central coast and through­ third state, once the Government was under bers of the Communist Party at present im­ out the West; a man who always put . their control, the military attacked the left­ prisoned in Uruguay. the business of making a "buck" second­ wing opposition, supported by the apathy of 3. Enrique Erro: Former Minister and Sen ­ a ry to performing a "radio" service to the traditional parties. at or in Uruguay who fied into exile; im­ h is area. Parliamentary support for the President prisoned in Argentina since March 1975, un­ was drastically reduced with the adoption of der the provisions of the Argentinian State Because he served throughout his life his submissive line, as is shown by the re­ of Siege. He is 63 and is reported to be in honorably with distinction, I ask the luctant attitude of Congress towards the re­ very poor health. Members of the House to join with me newal of the state of emergency. By June 4. Senator Juan Pablo Terra: Former Sen­ in extending condolences to his widow 1973, only his own Colorado re-electionist ator and President of Christian Democrat Nona Mae; his son, John; his daughter'. group, a few Blanco acuerdistas and even Party; subsequently United Nations adviser; ~·s. Luther Earnhart, Jr.; and his many fewer extreme rightwing Colorados supported arrested November 19, 1975; released about friends who are saddened by his passing. him. In refusing the Army's ultimatum, to six days later; due to his condemnation of revoke parliamentary immunity in the case political persecution, censorship, etc., he was of Senator Erro, Congress was afraid of es­ previously prevented from attending inter­ tablishing a precedent that could be used national Christian Democrat meetings; ques­ against any members, irrespective of political tioned about UN business; he is still pre­ WHO WILL OWN THE SUN? orientation. This created, !or the first time, vented from leaving the country, as the au­ a coalition of the majority of the Houses in t horities have kept his travel documents. confrontation with an intransigent military. 5. A recent case, as an illustration of com­ In the struggle for prestige, any retreat by mon events: Prensa Latina news agency HON. SHIRLEY CHISHOLM the military would have changed their whole cable from Buenos Aires, October 9, 1975: OF NEW YORK image of being all-powerful and the undis­ "A Fourth Army Corps communique re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES puted leaders of the nation. ported that four political leaders were ar­ Such a situation produced the so-called rested on Monday in the city of Minas. The Thursday, April 1, 1976 autogolpe, by which the military forced the imprisoned were Ruben Omar Piquinela, of Mrs. CHISHOLM. Mr. Speaker this President to declare the dissolution of Con­ the Socialist Party, Pedro Zalaza, National gress (June 27, 1973). (Blanco) Party Senator, Godofredo Fernan­ month's issue of The Progressive' con­ tains an insightful article entitled, "Who THE PARLIAMENTARY SITUATION: AFTER THE dez, Communist Party Secretary in the De­ COUP OF JUNE 1973 partment, and Marcelino Perlas, whose polit­ Will Own the Sun?" written by Mark Having dissolved the Uruguayan elected ical affiliation was not made known. Northcross, an energy planner and en­ Congress, President Bordaberry-guided by The official document said that, following vironmental consultant in California. Mr. the military-proceeded to appoint a Consejo a search of the homes of the four leaders, Northcross raises the issue of public de­ de Estado (Council of State), which included Zabalza, Piquinela and Perlas were set free. velopment of solar energy utilities. Dodofredo Fernandez remained in the cus­ some of the former parliamentarians who As the solar energy concept receives an supported unconditionally the Government. tody of Inilitary justice, because of his po­ lit ical affiliation, asserted the Army." increasing amount of attention in the However, the overwhelming majority of the press and as public interest in this sub­ right-of-center group and all of the left­ 6. Ex-Senator Zelmar Michelini (Colorado, wing group vociferously opposed the measure. member of the Frente Ampllo, now in exile ject grows, we should be formulating a This opposition led to the indiscriminate per­ in Buenos Aires) has declared: coherent policy which will insure that secution of former members of Congress. "It is essential to coordinate, on an inter­ all segments of the American public are Some had time to find refuge in neighboring national level, a campaign for the defense of included in the benefits of solar develop­ countries-particularly Argentina; others Uruguayan political prisoners, denouncing ment. The solar industry cannot become were arrested. In the wave of detentions, the the way in which they are kept in detention, the ill-treatment which begins with torture viable until the first costs of solar equip­ leadership of the Frente Amplio was the ment are lowered. Currently, the first principal target, but members of the Blanco during interrogation, continuing during their and Colorado parties were also arrested for imprisonment, and, even after their release costs of solar equipment for a single fam­ short periods of time and a few are still in has been ordered, causing many of them to ily dwelling range from $6,000 to $12,000; prison. In outstanding cases, following strong :flee the country. The campaign of oppression title III of H.R. 6860, the Energy Con­ external pressure, some individual parlia­ and intimidation even extends to their rela­ servation and Conversion Act of 1975 mentarians were released into exile. tives and lawyers. · provides a tax credit for homeowners fo1: All the component political parties of the "The Judicial System continues to be very slow, in accordance with the policy of the this solar equipment. Unfortunately this Frente Amplio, with the exception of the provision offers an incentive only to those Christian Democrats, were declared illegal ruling military. The colonel-judges continue and membership in these organizations was to lack the impartiality, fairness and free­ persons who are in a tax bracket to afford considered to warrant a 2 to 8 year sentence dom necessary to be able to mete out justice. an expensive heating and cooling con­ (December 1973). Socialist, Communist and In fact, it is merely a question of punitive version unit. People in moderate- and leftwing Catholics have been charged already, resolutions imposed by people who still think low-income neighborhoods, where there in accordance with this legislation, under they are soldiers in a war which they have is also an energy crisis, are given no in­ military justice. For all parties, including won. The trial is merely a formality. One has centive under present policy to develop the Blancas and Colorados, political activities the impression that the verdict is still being dictat ed en masse by the military hierarchy.'' solar energy for their own use or for their were banned and this measure has been community's use. We must change this rigorously applied by the military. In September 1974 and January 1975, all policy in order that low- and moderate­ political parties from the right to the left income persons can benefit from the de­ appealed for the re-establishment of the TRIBUTE TO JOHN I. GROOM­ velopment of this promising energy in­ Constitution and the "normal functioning of KSMA RADIO, SANTA MARIA, dustry from its practical inception. Com­ political parties," but, so far, no relaxation CALIF. munity-controlled solar utilities may be has been observed. Furthermore, any hope one answer for the energy problem for of national elections taking place at the America's urban areas. stipulated time--November 1976-have been dispelled by the rejection by most military HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO At this time, I would like to commend leaders of any possibility of a return to the OF CALIFORNIA Mr. Northcross for his article. I recom­ parliamentary system. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mend it to my colleagues: WHO V/n.L OWN THE SUN? NOTEWORTHY CASES Thursday, April 1, 1976 1. General Liber Seregni: Presidential (By Mark Northcross) candidate for the Frente Amplio in the 1971 Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, Solar energy has begun to capture the elections; arrested July 9, 1973 ;following death has claimed John I. Groom, co- American people's imagination. Clean, in- April 1, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1H99 exhaustible, capable of beating and cooling, competition really isn't the right word for an expensive toy for the wealthy members of convertible to electric power, the sun of­ the relationship. Allocations for the various the back-to-the-earth movement. fers the ideal solution to the world's energy aspects of nuclear development run into the While utility ownership may be an option crisis. It could become America's energy cor­ billions, scores of times the a.mounts pro­ that would affront energy populists, others, nucopia-if Congress doesn't turn it into just vided for solar R&D. The problem 1s that including consumer advocates, are not i·eady another corporate asset to be exploited for the Federal Government, and the big lend­ to reject the idea outright. the sake of private greed. e1·s who provide the utilities with the funds "Let's face it," HUD's Arthur Rieger com­ Power derived from solar energy is still to build nuclear plants, have been investing mented, "utilities a.re used to investing capi­ in the remote future, and at this time can be in nuclear energy for more than twenty-five tal, and they aren't first-cost sensitive." counted only as an important project for re­ years. "We've already spent billions on nu­ "I'm sympathetic to the idea of publicly search and development (R&D). But solar clear energy and we know it still doesn't owned utilities investing in solar equipment," space and water heating is technically feasi­ work right," the Ford Administration and declared Nader's Raider DeLoss, "and private ble right now, and people are beginning to its allies seem to be saying, "but if we utility ownership is a place where the profit recognize that fact. change priorities now and go after solar en­ motive might be put to good use." Ben McCarty of the Energy Research and ergy, all that time and money will have Supporters of private utllity investment Development Administration (ERDA), in de­ been wasted." argue that the utilities not only have acces3 E·.cribing the first few months of existence ot The institutions that will be most di­ to big money and a willingness to spend it ou l~RDA's Solar Division, said, "We've mostly rectly affected by the politics of Federal long-term. projects, but know how to judge been answering mail from the public; there's energy money are the nation's utilities. Sur­ equipment, already have service organiza­ tremendous public interest in solar energy." prisingly, despite the commitment of the tions, and could place the kind of massive Government and business are increasingly utilities and their financiers to nuclear orders that result in low production costs. aware of this popular groundswell. Federal power as the major long-term energy source, Yet some of those who are thinking about solar energy R&D expenditures, almost non­ some of the big private utilities are looking large-scale implemention of solar space and existent a quarter of a century ago, surged to at solar energy as another long-term alter­ water heating are not sure that giving the more than $80 million this fiscal year. Major native. right to the sun's energy to private utHities manufacturers of conventional heating, ven­ "The demonstration progra1n," ERDA's Na• would be a good thing. "We don't want to tilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) equip­ tional Plan for Solar Heating and Cooling give them a monopoly," said DeLoss, who ment, such as Westinghouse and General asserts, "will actively encourage utility com· cites the potential evils of excessive profi.t­ Electric, are starting solar equipment lines. pany participation in developing plans for ... taking and monopolistic favoritism in equip­ Manufacturers of materials heavily used in utility company ownership and lease of solar ment purchases. existing solar heating technology are becom­ heating and cooling systems." The Electric While some utilities still view solar energy ing advocates of solar energy. Power Research Institute (EPRI), a three~ as a competitor, an ever growing number In perhaps the most startling shift of year-old think tank entirely funded by the know that they will not be able to keep push­ technological allegiance, the nation's private nation's private utilities, is doing just that. ing oil or coal-fired electricity, natural gas, utilities are now examining the possibility "Our program," explains Pete Bos, man­ or heating oil to their customers. Nucleftr of utility ownership and control of solar ager of EPRI's solar program, "is 'What can power presents technical and political prob­ heating equipment for residential and com­ solar energy do for us?'" The utllity scenario lems, and the utllities know it. Energy con­ mercial buildings. for implementing solar energy is simple: The servation has grave implications for the long­ Still, the big decisions on the future of utility installs, owns, and maintains the sys­ term interests of utilities: It means decreas­ solar energy are being made by Congress, tem; the homeowner, landlord, or business­ ing demand, and consequently a smaller and by the Ford Administration. Last year, man leases it from the utllity, and makes market. Solar heating and cooling offer an with much fanfare, Congress passed the Solar a monthly payment to cover installation opportunity to satisfy growing demand Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act of costs, financing costs, maintenance, and through aetual expansion of the utilities' 1975, the first big piece of solar legislation. markets. On the other hand, universal use of profit. solar energy for heating and cooling would It provides money for builders to put solar A basic problem with solar energy is one heating and cooling equipment on both new of high initial costs for solar equipment, severely curtail the market for conventional and existing buildings, with the Federal compounded by the low costs of competing energy on sunny days and pose severe peak Government picking up the tab. The law has fuel. According to HUD, cost estimates for demand problems on cloudy days. Combined two stated purposes: to gather data on the solar space and water heating equipment solar and conventional energy for heating and cooling is not only technically advan­ performance of solar systems under a variety from builders seeking to participate in the tageous, but enables the utilities to have of conditions, and to stimulate the infant demonstration program are ranging from their cake and eat it too: They keep their solar equipment industry into mass produc­ $6,000 to $12,000 per unit. With such high existing market for conventional energy, and tion. While builders who want to participate initial costs, the life-cycle costs of solar en­ expand their total market through the con­ in the program have been swift to submit ergy must be significantly lower than the trol of solar energy. proposals, Congress has been slow to provide comparable cost of conventional fuels--elec­ This is EPRI's goal in the solar demon­ the funds to make the program work. trlcity, heating oil, and natural gas-if solar stration program--solar-assisted electric The National Plan for Solar Heating and heating a.nd cooling is to be cost-effective. energy. The Southern California Gas Com­ Cooling, a document prepared by ERDA While the life-cycle costs of solar heating do pany is playing the same tune in its solar last year after passage of the demonstration compare favorably with those of conven­ demonstration program, except that it calls act, stated that between $100 million and tional heating, the payback period at current it solar-assisted ga-s energy. $300 million would have to be spent in the solar initial costs and competing fuel costs Must we sell the sun to private interests next five years for demonstration projects is often from ten to twenty years. The typical before we can use it to heat our homes? to provide adequate stimulation for the solar homeowner, landlord, or businessman just There are few alternative ways to lower the energy industry. Last year, about $5 million does not look at investments over such a long high initial costs of solar equipment, besides was allocated by Congress for the demonstra­ time frame. However, such large organiza­ the hypothetical reduction through mass tion program. The Administration budget tions as the Federal Government, the big production or the long-term financing pro­ for 1977 asks for $18 million for demonstra­ corporations, and utilities do. vided by utility ownership. Ongoing research tion projects. Even if rising fuel prices shorten the pay­ by the Federal Gove1·nment is not directed "It's really less than a drop in the bucket," back period for solar energy equipment to a toward achieving low initial costs. Systems said Garry DeLoss, a Washington-based Na­ point where the investment begins to make are growing more expensive as researchers de1"s Raider specializing in energy. sense to individuals, the higher initial costs look for ways to avoid reliance on any con­ The House of Representatives has the mean that the alternative will be available ventional energy assistance. As it turns out, greatest control over how much money goes only to those who can spend several thousand combined solar and conventional sources re­ into energy R&D, including solar. Within the dollars. Low-income people and most of the sult in cheaper systems. House, the Committee on Science and Tech­ middle class would find solar energy out of "I think solar can be used if it has low nology, and more specifically its Subcom­ reach. Renters would be helpless to install first costs," says ERPI's Bos, "but the way mittee on Energy, decides where the dollars systems on buildings they do not own. It is it's being used now, it may turn out to be go. The subcommittee's chairman, Mike Mc­ doubtful that mortgage bankers would sup­ the opposite." Cormack, Washington Democrat, is a former port a massive program of solar equipment Another alternative to utility ownership is research chemist for the Hanford nuclear loans. Besides, the high-interest loans cur­ direct Federal subsidy in the form of loans plant of the former Atomic Energy Commis­ rently available for home improvements and tax cuts to homeowners, landlords and sion (AEC). As the author of the Solar Heat­ might kill the cost-effectiveness of solar en­ businessmen to encourage widespread ~tal­ ing and Cooling Demonstration Act, McCor­ ergy. The demonstration program is supposed lation of solar equipment. The Energy Con­ mack considers himself a strong solar ad­ to lower first costs for solar equipment by servation and Conversion Act of 1975, passed vocate, but he also considers himself a strong encow·aging mass production; so far it hasn't, by the House as last year's major omnibus nuclear advocate-a position that many find and many doubt that it ever will. energy blll, was designed to provide these contradictory. Of the two faces of McCor­ Unless some kind of government interven­ subsidies-but not for everyone. This legis­ mack, the nuclear side speaks louder. tion takes place to lower the first costs of lation would provide a tax credit to home­ The real competitor with solar energy ~or solar equipment, solar energy will become an owners who install solar energy equipment. Federal money ls nuclear power, although amenity for the homes of the affluent, and However, only well-to-do homeowners with a 9200 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1, 1976 tax bill big enough to squeeze in a $6,000 to vehicle for massive public investment ln Government spending______4.1 $12,000 solar system would benefit. Low­ solar energy. All Congress must do to make Social Security payments too low_____ 3. 9 interest loans would be provided under the solar ut111tles real ls decide that this time, Transportation------2.1 law for the installation of solar equipment. massive capital investment by the public Funds would be limited, as usual. in a new technology Will be carried out by In addition to these, many other prob­ There ls one other realistic alternative for publlcly controlled agencies operating ln the lems were listed by individual respond­ implementing solar heating and cooling ill publlc interest. ents, including crime, the working age buildlngs-publlcly owned solar utllitles. limit, shortage of doctors, unemploy­ The city of Santa. Clara, California, has its own municipal utility. Santa Clara. wants to ment, postal costs, welfare, big govern­ use the capital investment power of its public ment, isolation and loneliness, and lack utility to install solar heating units on local SENIOR CITIZENS OF IOWA SPEAK of recreational facilities. homes, apartments, and businesses. The OUT Santa Clara solar utility would work just like a private utility, except that the com­ munity at large, through the municipal HON. EDWARD MEZVINSKY THE MADAM MAYOR OF SAUSALITO utility organization, would own the solar equipment. OF IOWA There are many advantages in this ap­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. JOHN L. BURTON proach. Public solar utilities would enjoy the Thursday, April 1, 1976 OF CALIFORNIA financing power of big private utllities, but would be amenable to public control. Mass Mr. MEZVINSKY. Mr. Speaker, I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES purchases, mass production, and mass in­ mailed a questionnaire to senior citizens Thursday, April 1, 1976 stallation could be achieved, but without ex­ in the First Congressional District of Mr. JOHN L. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, I cessive profit-taking or monopolistic favorit­ Iowa, asking for their views on a variety ism. have the honor of representing what is About two million housing units are built of subjects. considered to be one of the most beauti­ each year in the United States, and if every More than 1,000 people took the time ful congressional districts in the Na­ one were to be equipped with a solar space to answer the questions and return them tion. The community of Sausalito, in and water heating unit, at a low estimate of to our office. I was also pleased with the southern Marin County just across the $6,000 each, the cost would be $12 billion substantial number of letters which were a year. That $12 billlon won't even touch Golden Gate Bridge from San Francisco, included-either expanding upon the is part of this congressional district. the seventy mill1on existing housing units questions or explaining the writer's that must be heated. Sausalito has a colorful history and re­ The technology for solar heating and cool­ thoughts on other issues. tains that color to the present. ing ls here now. The economic benefits are Of particular importance, I think, was Just recently the city elected a new here too-if you are comfortable with a ten­ the overwhelming support for some form mayor, who may properly be called or twenty-year payback period for invest­ of national health care. As you will note "Madain Mayor" in all respects. ments. What ls really missing ls the cash t-0 in the results below, more than 70 per­ A recent article in the Los Angeles put it all together. cent of the respondents believe that Con­ Times concerning Mayor Sally Stanford Wall Street ls not interested. Even private gress should pass legislation in this area. utilities find it difilcult to raise money for is of such interest that I am sure the conventional projects from the big lenders. This type of communication is highly Members would be pleased to share it Ut111ty b-Onds are not considered a highly valuable in assessing the programs and with me. attractive investment by the major banks. proposals which this Congress is-or I know, Mr. Speaker, that all Members Wall Street has a commitment to nuclear should be-considering. I would like to wish Miss Stanford well as she embarks and fossil fuel power, and there are tech­ share with you the results: upon the fitting cap of a full and won­ nical problems with utmty ownership of so­ 1. Which of the following would you give derful life, by serving as the mayor of lar equipment which are considered major the highest priority in terms of government Sausalito. risks by financial institutions. How does a spending for elderly programs? utility discontinue service for non-payment The article f oilows: on a self-contained solar system located on [In percent] THE MADAM MAYOR OF SAUSALITO someone's house? How can a private corpo­ Housing ------26.3 (By Harriet Stlx) ration own a part of someone else's building? Transportation------10.6 SAUSALITo.-When the Broadway musical "Utillty ownership will not be easy," says Health care------60.7 Recreation and leisure activities______2.4 based on Sally Stanford's life ls written, as EPRI's Bos. "Wall Street must recognize it." it inevitably will be, the wild scene in Sau­ What Congress has done in the past to 2. What type of transportation help for the salito's city councll chambers last Tuesday implement risky public interest capital in­ elderly would you prefer? evening wlll surely be the finale. Amid shouts vestment is to provide a series of guarantees of joy and extravagant applause, the petite in the form of money and legislation to Reduced rates on existing public trans­ portation systems______50. 4 72-year-old grandmother was unanimously remove Wall Street's fears, assure the cor­ elected mayor of this picturesque commu­ porations of big profits, and get the big Reduced rates on existing taxicab nity just north of San Francisco. banks to finance the investment. This was systems ------20.4 She is, no doubt, the only Madam Mayor the way the railroads were built 100 years Separate bus or taxi service !or senior in the country. ago, and it may well be the way solar energy citizens ------29.2 For Sally Stanford was, during the '30s and will be developed. With the right legislation 3. National health care has been suggested '40s, proprietor of San Francisco's best-known to clear up the legal issues, and some loan as an alternative to our system of privately brothel. H~r Pine St. house was a city land­ guarantees or other measures to sweeten financed medical care. Do you thing Congress mark-just a couple of blocks from the Fair­ the pot, the private ut111ty option will meet should pass legislation in this area? mont and Mark Hopkins hotels, within walk­ the three big criteria.: corpora.te control, ing distance of such venerable men's clubs corporate profits, and low-risk investment 'Yes------71.4 as the Pacific Union, the Bohemian and the for Wall Street. N'O------28.6 Union League. She's a respectable restaura­ But there is no reason why every new tech­ If yes, would you prefer: teur now, but to a lot of people 1n Sausalito nology must be filtered through a corporate N'ational health insurance limited to she ls still ''That Woman." ledger before the public can reap its benefits. covering the cost of catastrophic N'evertheless, she was the biggest vote­ The nuclear lobby and the oil companies illness? ------16.8 g~tter 1n the council election and as such, tell us that solar energy development ls Comprehensive national health insur- by tradition though not by law, in line to twenty or thirty years away. The truth ts ance financed and administered in a be mayor. But would her fellow council mem­ that solar heating and cooling development manner s1mllar to Social Security__ 55. 2 bers, some of whom are not exactly among ts ready to take otr today, a.nd money spent Private health insurance, which ls un­ her fans, go along with tradition? Even the by the Government to install solar heating derwritten by the federal govern- day before they were to meet Miss Stanford units saves money and creates basic con­ ment ------22.8 was saying: struction a.nd :m.an~actur1ng jobs now­ Other------5.2 "I can count on only two votes-and one not after twenty years of research and 4. What do you consider the most serious o! them 1s my own." On an ordinary evening, 25 people might development. problem facing senior citizens today, that is, what do you think I should work on first? show up for a council meetin,g. If a really hot With intensive government regulation, issue ls to be discussed, there wm be per­ private ut1l1ty ownership would provide :Health care costs------29.9 haps 40. On this night more than 150 peo­ widespread solar development, but With the Inflation/high prices______18. 1 ple jammed the council chamber to see that multitude of evils associated with private Taxes/property taxes______13.2 justice was done. monopoly control of a resource. The com­ Social Security income limits·______:__ 11. 0 They included jeans-and-sandals groupies. munity-controlled solar utility is the best :Housing ------9. 6 jacket-and-tie businessmen, even a scatter- April 1, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9201 ing of the sweater-and-pearl set. It was a Little League baseball team, supplying in­ my district, has been designated by Gov. standing room only. struments for the high school band, speak­ Mills E. Godwin, Jr., as Virginia's offi­ When Miss Stanford finally appeared in ing out regularly at city council meetings. cial representative at the Bicentennial the doorway-just over 5 feet tall in her Eventually she decided that the logical thing Festival of States to be held this month black patent high heels, her long, graying for her to do would be to speak from the hair neatly coiled on top of her head, even other side of the council table and in 1962 in St. Petersburg, Fla. she seemed surprised at the reaction, the made her first run for office. Apparently she In a letter to Band Director James explosion of applause, the cheers as every­ was not yet quite square enough. Stegner, Governor Godwin wrote: one rose to greet her. In a room wherein On the council, Miss Stanford is considered The Falls Church High School Band has 1ormal dress was the standard, she was to have generally voted With the town's busi­ long been a symbol of superior performance striking in an elegant black suit to which ness interests. One newcomer to Sausalito, in marching and music and has gained for was pinned the diamond brooch that she who says he "wound up voting for her" after the St ate of Virginia the reputation of de­ wears even on cotton shirts at her Sonoma attending one of her coffees, sees her as "a veloping in its young people a bountiful County ranch. There were more diamonds in good old girl" who is also a polished politi­ image of our State's future through youth her ears, on her fingers, her wrist, a double cian: "She gives the impression of being very of high moral character and fiber. rope of pearls circling her neck. Blue eyelids, straightforward, but she never answel's any­ bright pink lipstick and nails, a pink cro­ thing she doesn't want to." Over the years, this band has been cheted shawl. He supported her, he says, because al­ rated among the top 20 high school She took her seat at the end of the table though it is "inconvenient not to be able to bands in the United States. More than and waved to her constituency as other coun­ go downtown after 7: 30 a.m. on a weekend 200 students participate in the band pro­ cil members drifted in. After she was sworn because of the horde of tourists that pours gram, a.nd it is my understanding that as a newly reelected member of the council, in, if my tax rate would down $200 I might the outgoing mayor Evert H. Heynneman be able to put up with it." approximately half of the students ea1n presented her with a bunch of :flowers, a Miss Stanford says she looks forward to honor roll grades. gesture which prompted another standing being called Madam Mayor- but don't call It is a pleasure for me to congratulate ovation. Council member Robin Sweeny, who her Ms. "I couldn't give a damn about the Falls Church High School Band and also got a bunch of :flowers, and a rather women's lib," she sa.id. "Women should have Director Stegner on its most 1·ecent smaller hand, commented "That's a hard the same rights to work and live, the same honor. act to follow." salaries, the same access to mortgages, but (Later, the mayor got to open the package the feminists carry it too far with all this Miss Stanford had brought for him-a pink Ms. stuff." The mayor-elect, who has been H.R. 10686-IM'.PORTANT FOR and peach I. Magnin box containing a silver married more than half a dozen times and CANCER RESEARCH champagne cooler. The outgoing mayor of has two adopted children, says: "There's nearby Larkspur, who had dropped in for the nothing nicer than a nice little family, noth­ festivities, confided that her gift from a ing like home and fireside." HON. PAUL SIMON fellow councilman had been a brick with her Miss Stanford's victory at the polls was OF ll.LINOIS name on it.) marred only by the death of her black and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FmST OFFICIAL ACT tan German shepherd dog, Leland Valhalla Stanford, run over near her Sonoma ranch. Thursday, April 1, 1976 Mrs. Sweeny, gray-haired, with horn­ She buried him during the weekend in a rimmed glasses and wearing a tailored shirt beautiful metal casket lined with gray vel­ Mr. SIM'.ON. Mr. Speaker, because and long skirt, was elected vice mayor with vet and with a little pillow." there has been some unfortunate mis­ one abstention-she didn't vote for herself. understanding of the proposal to make Miss Stanford was not so shy when her nomi­ CAPITALIZES ON REPUTATION nation for mayor followed and as she said In 1973, Miss Stanford was honored with a census data available for medical re­ "aye," the shouting started all over again. "distinguished citizens award" at a Senior search purposes, I thought the letter Moving to the mayor's seat, she gave a rap Citizens' Fair in San Francisco. Last year she which I am having inserted in the REC­ of the gavel, leaned forward and said, "As was invited by the town of Coloma in El ORD here, wi·itten by Dr. John W. Berg, my first official act as mayor I now adjourn Dorado County to be a marshal in the town's director of the Iowa Cancer Epidemiol­ this meeting." Again more pandemoniun as annual parade-theme: "Ladles of the Gold ogy Research Center of the University of the crowd pressed forward. Rush Era." However, aftel' some complaints Iowa, might be of interest to my col­ Miss Stanford had had the foresight to from the community the invitation was bring along a case of champagne and the city withdrawn. Miss Stanford said she "couldn't leagues. manager had provided another. When that care less," commenting on her opponents My hope is that we will recognize the ran out there were jugs of wine to keep the that they were "probably some old customers need for making progress in medical re­ party going. who don't want their past to wipe out their search as well as keeping census records It was a sweet victory for Miss Stanford, future. In fact, I thought some of the names available for responsible geneologists who ran for the council seven times before on that committee sounded familiar. . . ." and historians. she was finally elected four years ago. Miss Stanford has not attempted to conceal The letter follows: Indeed, it's not easy for even the most her past, rather she capitalizes on her reputa­ MARCH 18, 1976. bland of candidates to pin down a constit­ tion as a "character." Council meetings are Hon. PAUL SIMON, uency in this picturesque but somewhat enlivened by her frequent one-liners; she's U.S. House of Representatives, schizophrenic waterfront community, whose been known to doze off at duller moments Washington, D.C. permanent population of 6,000 is swelled by and frequently slips to the door to puff on DEAR Sm: I am writing (belatedly because as many as 60,000 tourists on a summer's a cigaret, forbidden in that hallowed hall. of an accident) in support of HR 10686 which weekend. There are the upper middle-class Miss Stanford says she will not run again would release census data for medical re­ conservatives who live on The Hill, the tour­ for the council, that this will be her last search purposes. In my view, such a release ist-oriented businessmen, the barge and term. "I would like to have a few years to would enhance substantially efforts to con­ houseboat dwellers below. There's a sizeable myself," she says. But in the next breath trol diseases such as cancer. If census data homosexual community, too, as well as bed she adds that she has been "looking over" were available we could do two kinds· of and breakfast commuters. Miss Stanford has the County board of supervisors and finds studies relatively easily that now are essen­ operated a fashionable restaurant in t he them, by and large, "a bunch of nitwits out tially impossible. We could try and associate town for more than 25 years. there." current cancer risk of the aged with resi­ BORN ON OREGON FARM And even if she does decide against making dency, economic status, and occupation in She wa.s born Marcia Busby on a poor a run for county government, Miss Stanford their youth. Most cancers like many other farm in Oregon. She was a bootlegger and hints that her enemies had better give up chronic di5eases have at least a 30 or 40 year ran a speakeasy in Ventu1·a County during any idea they may have of seeing the last of incubation period and early history of elderly the 1920s before her debut as San Francisco's her. "I believe," she says firmly, "in rein­ patients (half of all Iowa cancers are in peo­ Madam Sally Stanford (she borrowed the carnation." ple over 70) is directly i·elevant. name from the university). The ot her great opportunity that would be In 1949 she decided San Francisco was FALLS CHURCH HIGH SCHOOL opened up for us would be to learn much ··too i ull of squares" and that it was time BAND more about that part of cancer risk (aud t o go legitimate. So she opened the Valhalla again risk of many other diseases) that is restaul'ant on Sausalito's waterfl'ont. It's a due to familial ri5k factors. On a practical colorful spot--decorated in Victoriana with HON. JOSEPH L. FISHER level we could move closer to identifying peo­ ple who ought to be studied carefully for red carpets, Tiffany lamps, gilded mirrors, OF vmGINIA sofas and fresh flowers. A red light glows cancer because their membership in a cancer around the clock in an upstairs window. Miss IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES family has been established. On a theoretical Stanford is there every night, greeting guests Thursday, April 1, 1976 level, by identifying and dealing with familial from the 19th-century dentist's chair at one risk separately we would get a much sharper end of the bar. Through the years, Miss Stan­ Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, the band picture than we now have of the role of other, ford went a little "square," too, sponsoring of Falls Church High School, located in envirorunental factors. 9202 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1, 1976 I would not advocate opening cancer rec­ dangers inherent in these FCC rulings. rule out that candidate's chances, and then ords for this purpose if I thought there was I would like to insert her article into the deny that person access to the airwaves. any real chance for any abuse of the informa­ RECORD at this point, and I hope my col­ The ramifications of this ruling extend to tion. I do not think there would be partly be­ UPon candidates on the local and state levels as cause, in general, I trust medical ethics, but leagues will reflect the forceful ar­ well. A radio station could invite two out of also because we in cancer registries and hos­ guments therein: three candidates to debate election issues, pitals already have and guard information on [From Encore American & Worldwide News, and the third would have no recourse. In the these people that is more sensitive because it Jan. 5, 1976] New York Senate race, any television or radio is current and more detailed. We here in Iowa WHEN " FREE SPEECH" BECOMES A WEAPON show could invite the incumbent and either certainly have had no security problems and (By Shirley Chisholm) the Democratic or Republican challenger, I foresee none just because we add a little and legally ignore t he excluded candidate. more 50-year-old data about the patients. The recent decision of the Federal Com­ I also contend that the decision will frus­ In summary, then, I believe the bill offers munication Commission to exempt presiden­ t rate the efforts of any and every third party much to medical research and no dangers. tial pre53 conferences an d news interviews candidate whether liberal, conservative, or Sincerely, from the equal time provision (Section 315 minority, by allowing three network offi­ JOHN W. BERG, M.D. of the Communications Act) will hamper the cials to decide who the "important" candi­ political process in general, and the candida­ d ates are. Minorities have had a hard enough cies of minority hopefuls in particular. Com­ t ime getting access and fair coverage under ing right before an important election year, Section 315; now it will be impossible. this ruling den ies Congressional intent and A reversal in this decision is crucial to our EQUAL ACCESS OR PRESIDENTIAL the egalitarian principles of our democracy PREROGATIVE? political system. I have filed suit on groun ds by exempting these two obvious forms of that the FCC is going against Congressional political weaponry. intent to regulate political uses of the media. CBS, which has now been joined by the Furthermore, the decision to revise Section HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL other two major networks, asked the FCC 315 L'3 one that should be made by Congress, to exempt presidential press conferences OF NEW YORK not t he seven commissioners. from the equal time provision in order to The power of the media in shaping public IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES facilitate their coverage of "major candi­ opinion and ult imately influencing elections Thursday, April 1, 1976 dates." This of course excludes minority par­ is already too extensive. Freeing the net­ ty hopefuls, but, primarily, it gives the in· works from Congressional obllgations in po· Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speak.er, in this cum.bent president a decided advantage. lit ical campaigns will not encourage open, Presidential election year, many candi­ President Ford could conceivably call a press u nbiased, and comprehensive coverage of dates from all points on the political conference the week before the election to candidates; it will merely render the job of spectrum are rediscovering the potential "announce" that through his efforts the the networks that much easier. Such a deci· use of the omce of the Presidency for po­ eeonomy is improving, that the crisis in the sion could be nothing but harmful to the litical advantage. Nowhere is this more Middle East is nearing settlement, that de­ voters and, indeed, to the entire political tente has been accomplished by Henry Kis­ process. evident than in the President's access to singer. The Democratic nominee, or a third coverage by the electronic media. An party candidate, would not be afforded the incumbent President can summon the opportunity to respond to what could clear­ network crews literally at will into the ly be called a political forum. MORE ON GRAND JURY ABUSE White House for a Presidential "press Although the networks claim that these conference" that is nothing more than a press conferences are news events and there­ HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI fore not subject to equal time, I think it is thinly veiled campaign speech. Under clear that the opposite is true. Consider the OF NEW JERSEY several rulings by the Federal Communi­ definition by former presidential press sec­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cations Commission, these press confer­ retary George Reedy, writing in The Twilight ences are considered bona fide news of the Presidency: "Press conferences are Thursday, April 1, 1976 events, and the networks are under no held entirely at the discretion of the Presi­ Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, as a obligation to make equal time available dent. He is in complete control of their cosponsor and strong supporter of H.R. to the President's campaign opponents. scheduling and format; he sets the date and 2986, the Grand Jury Reform Act. I is time of day for all his press conferences. While the campaign still in the pri­ The President determines exactly what por­ would like to bring to the attention of mary stage, the candidate most directly tions are to be devoted to announcements, my colleagues and constitutents another hurt by this FCC policy is Ronald Rea­ prepared statements, or questions. The Pres­ example of grand jury abuse. The fol­ gan. While Mr. Reagan and I probably ident chooses which reporters ask questions, lowing article, "American Grandstand" agree on nothing else, I can understand and there are hardly any follow-up ques­ by David Marsh, appeared recently in his frustration at the FCC's lack of con­ tions." Clearly, the presidential press con. Rolling Stone and adequately describes cern for this unfair Presidential prerog­ :ference is one of the most artfully used this contemptible practice of a prosecutor ative. But Mr. Reagan is, at least, in a weapons in polltics; and now the FCC ls stabbing in the dark, dragging on an in­ sanctioning its use and is consequently giv­ better position than most candidates; he ing Ford unlimited access to the airwaves vestigation, producing little 1n the way can afford to purchase network time to if he wants it. of results, and wasting the taxpayers' rebut the President. Those hurt most by In the September decision on equal time, money. I am most concerned about these the FCC ruling are the so-called minor the FCC also exempted still another political incidents of harassment and urge my candidates, who are not afforded free air forum, the "news interview," from regulation colleagues to read this article which so time, cannot afford to purchase it and, under an equal time law. I have a personal well illustrates the weakness of the pres­ indeed, are not even taken seriously by interest in this aspect of Section 315; as a ent grand jw-y system: presidential candidate of the Democratic the network news executives. These can­ Party in 1972, I challenged the networks to {From Rolling Stone, ApT. 8, 1976] didates fa-0e an even more frustrating apply this, and won in the U.S. Court of PANIC IN PAYOLA PARK situation, for they are unable to get their Appeals. In 1972, the Sunday network inter­ (By Dave Marsh) viewpoint to the American people via the view panel, "Meet the Press," invited all the In t he t hree years since the first rumbles public airwaves. Democratic candidates except myself who of the Great Payola Revival of 1973 emerged Mr. Speaker, I contend that the FCC's were eligible and who had declared them­ from a Newark federal grand jury, the m usic rulings in this area are contrary to the selves candidates to appear on an hour·long industry has been repeatedly portrayed, "marketplace-of-ideas" spirit that special. It was the decision of the program through innuendo, as a corrupt m9.nipulator planners that I was not a legitimate candi­ of the public. The attack has come principally should prevail in our electoral process. date, even though I was clearly qualified and My eloquent colleague from New York, from such pillars of the national press as clearly running. In other words, the network Jack Anderson and the New York Times, Representative SHIRLEY CHISHOLM, officials were making their own determina­ abetted by a flow of press releases from the knows only too well the consequences of tions as to who is or is not a "serious" candi­ office of the U.S attorney in Newark, Jona­ these rulings and of the network policies date. The Court of Appeals indicated that, than Goldstein. Even Rolling Stone rather they perpetuate. She had the unfortu­ under communication legislation, this was gulllbly headlined a report "Payola Indict­ nate and most unfair experience of be­ not the prerogative of the network officials. ments: Tip of the Iceberg" last July, when Now, the FCC has declared that such shows the grand jury finally handed down indict· ing branded a minor candidate by the are "news" and therefore not subject to equal network news executives during the 1972 ments against 19 mostly small-time music time provisions. And I would predict that if business executives. The prosecutors implied Presidential campaign, despite her broad, another minority candidate-whether Black, that the original 19 were but the first trickles nationwide support. In an article in the a woman, or representing any other minor­ of a flood, and that a host of figures (includ­ January issue of Encore magazine, Rep­ ity-would declare for the presidency, the ing Clive Davis) would eventually be hauled resentative CHISHOLM warned cf the networks would arbitrarily and automatically int o court. April 1, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9203 But the flood simply hasn't commenced. still holds: no matter how much money is newspapers ha.\'e de\·oted a substantial Clive Davis has reestablished blmself in the dispensed, a record becomes a hit only if its amount of space to conditions in the West­ music industry, despite the fact that his got it in the grooves. lands District. Furthermore, I, and I am sure New York indictment for income tax evasion If the U.S. attorney or the .Newark grand other members of the California delegation was set up by the prosecutor to look like part jury has evidence to the contrary, it ls time in Congress, have received a great number of the Newark investigation. Even Kenneth for them to present it. After all, what a.re of constituent protests about the contract. Gamble and Leon Huff, the only major music they waiting for? If they do not, their witch This growth in public discussion and business figures indicated, have remained hunt ought to end immediately, before they awareness is in marked contrast to the proc­ startlingly unaffected. (Their trial starts waste any more of our money. ess by which the draft contract originally April 1st.) The Newark grand jury has had came to your desk. Is I noted in Fresno, the books of nearly every record company in there was no public input into the drafting the U.S. for more than one year without re­ of this contract. Indeed, there was little t u!"ning a single additional indictment. In WATERLANDS CONTRACT governmental input. The directors of the effect, what the prosecutor has done is vindi­ official water boards, from whose district cate the music business; given similar scru­ the waters will be diverted, were ncot even tiny, it's unlikely that any other $2 billion HON. GEORGE MILLER consulted about the potential impact of the industry in American would have come away OF CALIFORNIA increased diversion upon their salinity prob­ so clean. The corruption in the music busi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lems. This contract was conceived and ness simply isn't the bottomless pit that the drafted in secrecy, without benefit of pub­ prosecutor and the columnists have claimed. Thursday, April 1, 1976 lic scrutiny and without the advice of peo­ But the recent conviction of four Bruns­ :J\1r. MILLER Mr. ple whose lives will be substantively affected of California. by its provisions. I do not consider that to wi~k Records executives in the first trial Speaker, I would like to place in the stemming from the Newark indictments be an acceptable way of formulating public again has Jonathan Goldstein shooting from RECORD a copy of a letter I recently sent policy. This ls not the way we in Congres3 the lip. The conviction of these small-time to Secretary of the Interior Thomas write laws, and I submit that it is not the operators of a minor record company, Gold­ Kleppe concerning the pending contract way agencies of the Executive Branch ~hould stein alleges, serves notice to the rest of the between the Bureau of Reclamation and write contracts. music industry that "past practices will no the Westlands Water District in central Over the past seyera.l months, I have re­ longer be tolerated and will be prosecuted to California. ceived a number of press releases de.3cribing the fullest extent of the law." He also con­ The manner in which this contract was your interest in coopera"ting with state gov­ tends that the convictions "expressed a pub­ negotiated, its terms, and its implica­ ernments. I have noted these with interest, lic outcry against what defense counsel because over the same period, it seems to stated was a common business practice: the tions for small farming and water qual­ me, I have seen much which suggests hat payment by recording companies of monies ity have been the subject of intensive the Department of the Interior is not ter­ to employees of radio stations in return for Senate hearings by Senators HASKELL ribly concerned with this pledge. Whether it having their records played." and NELSON. Both in Washington, D.C., concerns the State's opposition to OCS Sale All of this is completely unsupported by and more recently in Fresno, Calif., No. 35 last December, or the operations of the facts. If the record industry ls so rid­ strong objections were lodged against the Central Valley Project which result in dled with corruption, Goldstein would have this contract, which would commit large a denigration o! State pollution standards, indicted many more than the 19. He has it appears to me that the Department has failed to establish that anyone outside of the amounts of water for the next 40 years considered. the opinions of responsible Cali­ Brunswick gang considers payola a. standard at prices significantly below real market fornia. officials in a. totally superficial way. practice. Goldstein ls basing his claim on value. Currently, the State is undertaking a statements made by the defense counsel, As a result of these hearings, Senators comprehensive study on the questions of who also claim that their clients are in­ HASKELL and NELSON have recently total water management and environments! nocent. Such selective credulity ls hardly called upon the Secretary to renegoti­ protection. Severa.I officials at the State level, becoming in a federal prosecutor. As for the ate the contract. I have done the same, numerous local agencies, and concerned citi­ public's outcry, it remains unheard by any­ for the reasons expressed in the letter zens, including my own office, are contribut­ one except Jonathan Goldstein and hls ing to this intensive e:ffort. In Contra. Costa minions. I place in the RECORD, below. Many County, we are particularly concerned about Goldstein is less interested in ridding others share this belief both in Wash­ the impact on our environmentally sensitive America. of the scourage of payola, however, ington and California, many in public Delta of removing over a million a.ere feet than he is in scoring the political points positions and private citizens. I call upon of fresh water from the Sacramento River. which might gain him a federal judge's chair. Secretary Kleppe to heed these requests Local interests in other areas have similar A prosecutor truly interested in wiping out and open the Westlands Contract to the concerns. The comprehensive water study payola. would have struck equally against public scrutiny and public participation now underway will allow us to study the bribe takers in radio. Instead, Goldstein, it should receive. entire water question in California from a used three radio personallties---from Detroit, position of expertise, a.nd on that basis, we Cleveland and Chicago-as his principal wit­ The letter follows: will be able to plan sensibly for the future. nesses in the Brunswick case. All three were WASHINGTON, D.C., March 25, 1976. To permit the approval of the Westlands granted immunity from prosecution. One of Hon. THOMAS KLEPPE, contra.ct with this work undenvay is to ex­ them, E. Rodney Jones, remains to this day Secretary of the Interior, hibit absolute contempt for the people of the program director of WVON, the most Washington, D.C. California. It ls another strong reason why powerful R&B station in the Chicago market. DEAR MR. SECRETARY: Over the course of you should dlsa.pproye the Westlands con­ Neither Jones nor WVON has suffered so the past eight months, committees of the tract. much as the suspension of its federally United States Senate have held hearings a.nd I know that responsible offici.a.ls within granted broadcast license. Apparently Gold­ investigated the contract pending between California are anxious to work with the De­ stein finds it more difficult to coordinate his the Westlands Water District in central cali­ partment of the Interior on thls matter. r investigation with the Federal Communica­ fornia and the United States Bw·eau of Rec­ will be moot willing to participaite in any tion Commission than with the press. lamation. The accumulated evidence estab­ way possible. The necessary first step, how­ More likely it's that radio, as a regional lishes clearly that the Westlands Water Dis­ ever, in addressing these problems and im­ rather than national phenomenon (and a trict has been operating in a manner incon­ proving the working relationship between faceless one at that) simply lacks the glam­ sistent with the purposes and intent of the the Department and us in California, is our of payola. The fact remains that as long Reclamation Act of 1902. Moreover, approval yours. Again, I urge that you reject the as radio personalities understand that the of the pending contract would exacerbate water quality problems confronting northern present contract. government is willing to let them get away Sincerely, with talking bribes, there will be those who California, where the waters destined for Westlands originate. GEORGE MILLER, dem.and them. And payola will remain a prob­ Member of Congress. lem, however minor. In his testimony before the Joint Com­ If there were a payola scandal, then, it mittee on July 22, 1975, Commissioner of would be radio's problem as much as the Reclamation Gilbert G. Stramm stated that the Secretary holds the power to disapprove JUSTICE WILLIAM 0. DOUGLAS record industry's. In the 1960 investigation, the contract. I believe that the Dublic record y;m'll remember, it was disc jockeys like Alan mandates that you exercise this authority. Frzed who took all the falls. But even with­ The original hearings, conducted in \Vash­ HON. JOHN L. BU TON in radio, to judge from the Newark probe, ington, D.C., last July, generated a dramatic OF CALIFORNIA payola is not a significant factor in deter­ public outcry against the Westlands con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mining what becomes a hit; even the three tract. At recent congressional hearings in radio '1tnesses called by the prosecution Fresno, California, the crowd which came Thursday, April 1, 1976 cleny that payola ever influenced airplay on a to participate in the public discussion or Mr. JOHN L. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, given record. Thus, Ralph J. Gleasons dictum this issue overflowed the auditorium. Major Justice William O. Douglas will go down 9204 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1, 1976 in history as a giant of American juris­ ing questions for three and a half hours ten subcommittee and I urge you and beg you to prudence. During Justice Douglas' long years ago, and Earl Johnson, Jr. who 1s here­ lobby us to death, these seven people in tenure on the Supreme Court, he proved he and Mr. Bamberger turned the tide, and whose hands will be the future of legal serv­ local legal aid groups came f.n and applied for ices, to an astonishing degree. himself to be a true conservative and a Federal funds. I want to pinpoint the tragic story of what strict constructionist. Justice Douglas' I recall Mr. Bamberger, once again, in Jan.. has happened to the charter of the Legal construction of the first amendment lit­ uary 1966, at the mid-winter meeting of the Services Corporation, by reliving with you erally interpreted the phrase, "Congress ABA in Chicago. He said, "There is going to the Thursday night massacre on June 21, shall make no law abridging the freedom be a social change in this country and if law­ 1973; in a nine hour session on the floor of of speech," as simply that. No law that yers want to stand by and watch it happen the House, twenty-four restrictions were abridged an American's freedom of and not participate in it, or shape it, that placed on that particular bill that ls so im­ is their choice." And you know, obviously, portant to all of us. In the findings of the speech was constitutional. Along with how it came out. The war on poverty hap­ eventual Act, I'm happy to say, are these Justices Black, Rutledge, and Murphy, pened due to the ideas of Edgar and Jean words: that "attorneys providing legal as­ Justice Douglas was a consistent de­ Kahn and Gary Bellow and Earl Johnson, sistance must have full freedom to protect f ender of the Bill of Rights and a Jr. and many others. In early 1965, there were the best interests of their clients, in keeping champion of individual liberty. With two legal assistance movements: the eighty­ with the Code of Professional Responsibility, the appointment of Mr. Chief Justice nine year old movement, the child or the the Canons of Ethics and the high standards Earl Warren, Justice Douglas saw step-child of the ABA, charitably financed of the legal profession." But I raise with you many of his dissenting opinions become at that time at a level of $4 million, and the basic question whether that particular led by the middle-aged establishment lawyers very idealistic and sweeping statement has the law of the land. in the cities of America. And you had this not been compromised by what the Con­ Our Nation and citizenry are much little infant, two years old, with a budget gress has ah·eady done. The Corporation better off for the service of Justice of $500 thousand, financed by the Ford Foun­ statement in another place does say that the Douglas on our Supreme Court. He will dation and a little bit by the feds. It was led Corporation shall insure the preservation of be sorely missed by all freedom-loving by youthful attorneys with some vague idea the attorney-client relationship and the pro­ people in this Nation. of social reform. Well, I like to reminisce a tection of the integrity of the adversary bit about the OEO; I won't spend long on process from any impairment. But here are this, but I think that we must recognize that just some of the compromises that hap­ one of the fundamental, primary missions pened that night and along the way: Con­ of the old OEO was to have its grantees chal­ gressman Quie proposed-and it passed 200 AN OVERVIEW OF THE HISTORY OF lenge, by class action or test cases, any law to 181-a provision that no funds can be used LEGAL SERVICES BY CONGRESS­ or regulation that discriminated against the to influence legislation or executive orders, MAN ROBERT DRINAN poor. You know their history: that in sixteen except where you are asked to do so by a gov­ cases, the OEO lawyers witnessed successful ernment agency. This is a mishmash of lan­ challenges to the Constitutionality of wel­ guage which, however you read it, does com­ HON. HERMAN BADILLO fare residency laws. You know the history of promise, even contradict the preceding the Serrano decision in 1971, saying that clause. Let me read to you something that OF NEW YORK property taxes alone cannot be the one basis tells you why that is wrong: this is President IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for funding of the schools. You know about Edward Wright, the President of the ABA Thursday, April 1, 1976 class actions in California, where the Cali­ and a person chiefly responsible for drafting fornia Supreme Court held that reductions the present Code of Pl·ofessional Responsi­ Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, the legal made by the Welfare Department were in­ bility. He is testifying two years ago in the services program, despite its relatively valid; and that meant a twenty-four per cent U.S. Senate and I read to you the transcript: short existence, has had a stormy his­ increase to the welfare recipients, and they Senator Cranston, "Mr. Wright, do clients tory. The concept of legal assistance as numbered at that time a million four hun­ have a right, under the code of professional dred thousand. Well, those are all the things ethics, to expect their attorneys to pursue a right for all has been denounced. as sub­ that I am proud of, but the OEO and its suc­ any lawful objective, through any lawful versive by some, and hailed as the true cesses have gone through a purgatory, or even means?" Mr. Wright, "Yes, Senator." Senator safeguard of constitutional rights by an inferno; I hope that all the days of Don­ Cranston, "Is urging a change in the law others. The gentleman from Massachu­ ald Rumsfeld and Howie Phillips and Frank through the passage of legislation the pur­ setts Gun Control Act of 1968; crime has still completion of sale. It would do more harm to the honest person risen. New York's Sullivan Law is the strong­ • • • • • that needs to protect his home or property. est in the country but has failed to work I don't think that gun control will help I know you agree with me that for all since its first year and has caused many hon­ at all. I think that putting them to death crimes whereby a gun or any weapon is used, est N.Y. residents a great deal of misfortune. would help more. the sentence should be so severe (without It seems that the court and sometimes even • • • • • probation rights) that even the most hard­ Congress works overtime in working to pro­ Gun control as "crime control" is useless ened criminal will hesitate. Leave the honest tect a cr1minal's rights but not the rights of as long as present Federal and state laws man and his guns alone. the honest man. In registration or confisca­ • tion many more honest citizens will be hurt are not enforced-why not an investigation • • into the reasons for non-enforcement? The Supreme Court has too much power in than the criminal who will obtain a gun any­ that they make decisions that help the crim­ way he can. A criminal will not register or • • • • • inal and not law-enforcement. turn in his gun. I do not favor gun control but I could see where registration of handguns should be • • • • • • • • • • I favor getting rid of the bill that makes I feel that all citizens have the right to legislated. I feel that the whole crlminal Jus­ the law enforcement official the crlminal and bear arms. People that use guns to force tice system must be revised to work together lets the crlminal go free to work his crimes other people to abide to their wishes or else, as a system instead of separately. on innocent people. Give us a little leeway should have very stur criminal penalties with • • • • • and back us more. no chance of parole or probation. Civil rights has gotten out of hand. Every­ - • • • • • • . • • • one is afraid anymore of rights being vio­ Gun control is a threat to our national se­ That a mandatory sentence be imposed on lated and the criminal going free. curity-a means to disarm the U.S. as in Po­ anyone using a gun in the commission of a land, Cuba, etc.... It also follows the stand­ crime. The poor individual ls serving the • • • • • We cannot enforce the current laws; ard Federal philosophy of making so many time and the SLA, BLA, Indians, or the in­ pay so much for the actions of so few. :fluential are not being prosecuted with the criminal elements are prohibited from own­ same set of rules. ing guns today. • • • • • • • • I feel gun control would be harmful only • • • • to law-abiding citizens who would feel com­ I think this gun control business ls a Why have gun control for the honest citizen depriving him of the right to pro­ pelled to turn in their guns. The only deter­ bunch of baloney. I have owned a gun since rent to crimes involving a weapon would be I was 16 years old and was taught how to tect his life, family and home? More gun control isn't going to stop the criminal from st11fer penalties and mandatory minimum use It safely. I am not an irresponsible per­ sentences with no parole. son and I resent the fact that some yokel ls getting the gun he wants. And he sure as wanting to take this privilege away from heck isn't going to register it. The courts • • • We must not fo1·get that this country was me as a law-abiding citizen of a free country. and the legislatures are all primarily made up of attorneys. One has to protect the liveli­ fought for and won by legislation, treaties, No gun law is going·to keep some nut from deals and guns. Criminal prosecution for committing a crime or offense of any kind, hood of the others. I believe the American abusers of guns is a must; automatic sen­ 1! he or she so desires to do so. What we do people are losing complete faith and trust tences must be given. There ls even a man­ need is to have a court system that will deal in our legislature and judicial system. Why datory jail sentence for D.W.I. But, man­ severely with those who violate the law. create more laws to complicate the ones slaughter wl.th a. vehl.cle is a misdemeanor . already on the books. We need a judicial and probation is normally given. Our stand­ The law cannot enforce the drug law. How system that Jsn't afraid to do the job that ards need to be put in order. can they enforce a law banning firearms? needs to be done, instead of bowing to pres­ • • • • • I believe an oftlcer should be able to confis­ sure from their peer groups. It's a shame the All gun control laws will do is take away cate a handgun from a subject of unstable way our entire court system works. I'm not the guns from the law-abiding citizen and character, without a court ruling. only talking about my area but the entire not from the criminals. • • • • • country. I have talked with many officers • • • • • April 1, 1976 EXTENSIO S OF REMARKS 9209

When you outlaw guns only outlaws \Vill Get rid of "shyster" lawyers who get the Instead of massive foreign aid, the money have guns. Organized crime will be in the gun criminals released on bond and freed on hould be used to build larger prisons. I business. parole or probation after a crime has been believe our citizens have a right to be and I believe a certificate of graduation from proven. feel free when walking a street at night. a. free state instituted school in the use of * • • • :firearms should be required before the sale If the laws we have on the books now were If guns are registered only the law abiding of any firearm. enforced we would not need any new ones. cil,,izen will register. The purchase of a ,. * * * * • • • • • weapon should be more difficult and a per­ Enforce lav,:s regarding the use of guns for The courts should make it easier on law sonal record should be made. Sale of weapon should be controlled. Now they can even be crin1es. enforcement officers to testify without doing so on time off and also trying to make the bought at discount stores. Make the sentence * law officers look like fools on the stand. we on any crime v.ith a weapon (gun-rifte5- If the courts would hand down stiffer aren't. shot guns) a mandatory jail sentence with sentences instead of probation (even on re­ * • no exceptions. peat offenders), especially where guns were When I go on a call with a gun invohed, used, I feel the crime rate would drop. Federal control and regulation of police salaries. I feel that Congress should treat all I still get scared (year veteran). Judges and * * policemen fair. lawyers should go on this type of call and I Our statistics don·t indicate a problem feel their views would be different on how • • the law should be read. with weapons and the law abiding. It is Give death penalty when gun is used in the repeat offender we have the problem with * as there is no deterrent punishment. robbery or murder and no way out of it un­ less 99-100 years or life. Criminals can always Additional laws on gun cont1·ol are absurd. * steal, make, or buy any gun they want. Take It's hard enough to enforce the laws we now I am a retired police lieutenant who has the criminals' rights not the people's. have. Let's look at the real problem which obtained a Federal Firearms License and am is the inadequacies and leniencies of judi­ • • * cial and prosecutorial system. now a gunsmith. I compare Fede1·al Firearms Control of guns can have nothing but Registration or Confiscation to the folly of negatiJe results for the law abiding Ameri­ the Volstead Act. As you well know that made can. Now, mandatory prison time for gun more criminals and drunks than this coun­ users in criminal acts is another ball of wax. try could cope with. Firearms confiscation??? This is the law we need., but, with liberal BUTCH JOECKEL Booze was made in the twenties and I know lawyers making the laws on every level, how easy it is to make a gun; do away with sooner or later we sure as heck will get it them and "pot metal" trash will sell to locally or nationally. criminals for fifty times what they are worth. HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN I can make you a shooting gun in a couple • • * • OF MARYLAND The registration control of any type of of hours and I don't even have a machine IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES shop. Criminals??? Let me make a quote weapon is much too complex to enforce to from Admiral William F. (Bull) Halsey, prevent crime. Proper punishment for im· Thursday, April 1, 1976 USN, WWII, "Kill the Bastards." proper use would be far more long-reaching and effective gun control. Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, I would • * • • like t.o take this opportunity to tell my Persons wanting to purchase a handgun • • • should apply for a clearance check through Laws to protect people, not the criminal. respected colleagues about Mr. Charles the local law enforcement agency before pur­ Strict enforcement by judges, etc. Mandatory Edward "Butch" Joeckel, Jr., the Mary­ chase is made. No person convicted of a sentencing on crimes so criminal knows be­ land Veteran of the Year for 1975. fore and no "slick" attorney can find "loop· Mr. Joeckel is a highly decorated serious crime or drug charge should ever be holes." Law abiding citizens deserve protec­ permitted to own a :firearm. tion from non-law-abiding. As you said­ U.S. Marine veteran of the Vietnam war • • * • "People kill, not guns." who was awarded the Silver Star, NavY Most of the good guys would cooperate. • • • • • Commendation, and Purple Heart for None of the bad guys would cooperate. A stiff p1·ison sentence of "at least 5 years" heroism. He has become, since the war, a The gun itself ls not the potential weapon, for anyone using a firearm in a crime and tireless advocate for the rights and re­ but rather the individual who has control that person serving the full 5 years, not wards his fell ow veterans need and over it. There are many other items that getting out on probation to commit the same deserve. may take the place of a gun that may be crime. used in a crime. Undaunted by the loss of both legs • • • during the Vietnam conflict, Butch has * • • * * I feel that federal registration of firearms No more federal gun laws. Mandatory sen­ since served as adjutant to the Prince will make people more responsible and aware tence for use of a gun during a felony. In­ Georges Detachment Marine Corps of dividuals have the right to own guns. Reg­ League in 1970 and commandant in 1973, their obligations to own a :firearm, and istration, confiscation or what, will not re­ will make our work easier in terms of in• strict the lawbreaker from obtaining and and is presently serving his fellow vet­ vestigation and more accurate records. To using a gun illegally. Registration or con­ erans as a national service officer with confiscate all firearms would be against the the Disabled American Veterans. 2nd Amendment. I am a strict believer and fiscation of guns from the public only har­ enforcer of the Constitution. asses them. Let's enforce the present laws. If Through these various positions and be­ judges can't or won't enforce the laws prop­ cause of his overriding concern for his * * * • erly, then federal laws should be drawn up comrades, Mr. Joeckel has worked, with I have resigned as a law officer; but I try in order to release soft judges from their to be a law-abiding citizen. If they enact remarkable success, to keep the achieve­ judgeships. ments of the American veteran fresh in gun confiscation laws, they better not come We have too many judges that are inter .. after mine! ! ! This is only one of the few ested in protecting the criminals rights, in­ the memory of those who can best help rights that a. peaceful citizen still has. stead of protecting the average citizen. Again, their cause. it's the minority that is heard. Let's get Recently. I introduced legislation to Courts should assist and be more firrn with judges on the ball, and enforce properly the correct a serious oversight in the Vet­ meting out sentences. Anyone seems able present laws. Here's where our problems are. erans' Administration housing assist­ to find a loophole in the law which releases We have too many legislators worrying about ance program for the disabled veteran. them from sentencing. Officers reluctant to t.he criminal instead of the average citizen. When this bill is enacted into law, 2,300 write tickets because courts ignore them. • * men and women who sustained crippling • * • * * Do not feel any additional weapons legis­ injuries while defending their country If firearms were confiscated, only criminals lation is needed. What is needed is manda­ will be eligible for Federal assistance to will have guns. I saw this in World War II. tory and binding requirements on all courts France. Belgium, Holland-the Germans to deal harshly with any offender using a obtain appropriate housing. It was Mr. t1ied this, it was a big mistake, as I have weapon to commit any crime. If this were in Joeckel who brought this legislative a handgun from a family in Belgium. effect, I believe that within one year we would omission to my attention. • • • • begin to see a reduction in serious armed This was only one example of Butch's Make coui·ts adhere to mandatory sen­ crime. efforts on behalf of the disabled veteran. tences and prisone1•s serve mandatory sen­ * • * Indeed, events such as the aforemen­ tences. There is no such thing as rehabilita­ Stop releases on shock probation from tioned are commonplace for Butch, yield­ tion. Also untie the hands of law enforcement. prison sentences. ing uncommon results from the local, • • • • • • State, and Federal bureaucracies. 9210 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1, 1976 To most of us, the loss of both legs school English for 12 years in Pacifica factors must be weighed against the evidence would have justified a future filled with schools. of decline. self-pity and a life-long dependence on I would like to off er my personal FEW STUDENTS STUDYING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE others. To Butch, it was a motivating thanks to Mrs. Grace McCarthy and The true picture, however, may actually be force, a continued reminder of the suf­ congratulate her for her many years of worse than the indexes suggest. After all, to f erlng of countless soldiers who were unselfish and loyal service to Pacifica, say that several million undergraduates are seriously wounded during the war. These Calif. studying foreign languages 1s to say very lit­ men and women, who sacrificed so much, tle indeed, since the majority of students must not be forgotten and must not be never get beyond the first-year level. A meas­ abandoned by the Nation they helped to NEEDED: A CURE FOR urement of language competence at the time PROVINCIALISM of graduation would be far more signlficant­ save. To Butch, the absence of both legs and more depressing. Only a mlniscule num­ is a source of strength, not a reason for ber of American college graduates can read, weakness. write, and speak effectively in any language Butch and I are longtime friends and HON. JOHN BRADEMAS other than English, and all available evidence have frequently attended the same social OF INDIANA suggests that the number 1s dropping. functions. Often, I have watched Butch IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES For all the progress made in recent decades, glide around the dance fioor and won­ Thursday, April 1, 1976 the greatest strengths are stlll concentrated dered how many people, faced with the in the study of just a few major world areas. Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I in­ Others, scarcely less important, remain gross­ same obstacles, would have overcome ly neglected. Thus, while nearly 300 million them as Butch did. How many people sert in the RECORD a most thoughtful article by S. Frederick Starr about the people speak Hindi, fewer than 300 Ameri­ would have had the courage, not merely cans are studying the language. There are persistence, to overcome extreme adver­ need in our colleges and universities to another half-billion people on earth whose sity and go on to succeed as Butch has? give greater attention to education about languages together claim the interest of He is not only a relentless campaigner foreign cultures. fewer than 500 American students. for the just rights of veterans but also Dr. Starr is secretary of the Kennan All this, added to the severely reduced a symbol of strength of the human spirit. Institute at the Woodrow Wilson Inter­ number of American students and faculty national Center for Scholars in Wash­ members studying abroad and a correspond­ I am sure my colleagues in the Con­ ing drop in the number of foreign scholars gress of the United tsates wlll join me in ington and associate professor of history at Princeton University. His article, on American campuses, reinforces the con­ extending to Mr. Charles Edward clusion that the current generation may be Joeckel, Jr., the Maryland Veteran of the "Needed: a Cure for Provincialism," was in 1976 even less adequately prepared to function Year. our deepest gratitude and warmest published the March 8, issue of 1n an interdependent world than its predeces­ congratulations. "The Chronicle of Higher Education." sors. If not corrected, the situation Will be The article follows: perpetuated by an entire generation of teach­ NEEDED: A CURE FOR PROVINCIALISM ers. A survey in 1973 indicated that only 5 (By S. Frederick Starr) per cent of those studying in teacher-educa­ Is provincialism on the rise In the Amer­ tion programs received any foreign-area. MRS. GRACE McCARTHY TO BE tra.lning, while only 53 per cent of those HONORED ican university? Recent evidence suggests that it may be. The number of undergrad­ receiving Ph.D.'s today a.re expected to demonstrate even a reading knowledge of a uates studying foreign languages has de­ foreign language. clined by 15 per cent in the pa.st five years, with the major languages of international Are we observing the delayed impact of the HON. LEO J. RYAN post-Vietnam isolationism? The debacle in OF CALIFORNIA communication showing the sharpest drops. Study of foreign languages today claims Southeast Asia may have hastened the de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVFS barely half the percentage of total under­ cllne of academic interest in the rest of the Thursday, April 1, 1976 graduate course enrollments that it did in world, but it did not initiate it. Indeed, many the m1d-1960's. Monolingualism, always of the tendencies that strike us so forcefully Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, on April 7, strong, is spreading. today were already present before the Tet Mrs. Grace McCarthy wlll be honored at Nor ls the study of foreign cultures boom­ offensive. Thus, the 58-per-cent increase in a testimonial dinner on the occasion of ing. The number of foreign-area-studies pro­ the study of modern foreign languages at her recent completion of 18 years of grams has plum.meted. In the process, many colleges and universities between 1960 and service to Pacifica, Calif., a city onlY 19 faculty positions formerly held by persons 1970 coincided with a much larger increase with a deep famll1arlty with a specific foreign in the student body. The percentage of un­ years old. dergraduates choosing to study foreign lan­ This successful professional woman society have been turned over to generalists. The American Council on Education e&t1- guages peaked as early as 1963 and has been and outstanding community leader has mates that about one in 20 undergraduates declining steadily ever since. Clearly, then, served in many capacities over the years enrolls in courses that consider foreign peo­ the causes of the decllne in the study of for­ including 3 years as mayor and 4 years ples and cultures in any way. This 1s roughly eign peoples lie deeper than yesterday's head· as vice mayor. In 1971 she served as equivalent to 2.5 per cent of the 18-to-21- lines. chairperson of the San Mateo County year-olds in the population as a whole. NEGLECT OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION Council of Mayors and has also served Such developments have been followed l\Iany factors contribute to the universities' for 1 year as chairperson of the revenue closely by specialists at a number of institu­ neglect of international education, not least and taxation committee of the League tions, among them the Modern Language of them the behaviorist revolution in the of California Cities. In 1975 Grace Mc­ Association and the World Studies Data social sciences. But if provincialism 1s being Carthy was named "Woman of Achieve­ Bank. All corroborate the same gloomy con­ perpetuated on the American campus, it was clusion-that American higher education 1s surely not created there. Few American news­ ment" by the San Francisco Area Busi­ increasingly inclined to ignore languages, papers print more than three columns of for­ ness and Professional Women's Clubs. cultures, and political systems of most of the eign news duri.ng an entire week, and even This was the first time the honor had other 95 per cent of the earth's people. fewer maintain foreign-affairs specialists on gone to someone outside San Francisco. It cannot be denied that the serious study their staffs. A 1973 UNESCO study found of such crucial areas as China, the Soviet that less than 2 per cent of the programming In addition, Mrs. McCarthy has served Union, and Africa is going forward on more 12 years on the city council, 6 years on on commercial television touched on foreign campuses now than a generation ago. For­ themes. The cultural isolationism that our the park, beach and recreation commis­ eign-area studies are thus quite decentral­ physical separation from other nations once ized today, a far healthier situation for our sion, 2 years as vice-chairperson of the fostered has been perpetuated 1n a world of central coast regional coastal zone con­ education as a whole than that which ex­ isted in the past. Moreover, a. number of instant communication and interdependence. servation commission and has served on state systems-notably those 1n California, Students understand without being told the ocean coastline pl.J.nning committee Wisconsin, and New York-maintain pro­ that an educated person 1.n this country is of the Association of Bay Area Govern­ grams on an impre:::sive scale. If one includes not expected to be closely acquainted. with ments. student fees, the total investment in inter­ any cultm·e but his own. With the help of With all these important duties she natlonal studies has advanced steadily to the student pressure, the requirement that a present. And if the numbers studying the _reasonable level of competence in a foreign still had time to serve for 10 years on the major international languages is diminish­ language be gained before graduation was executive staff of the San Francisco Girl ing, an upsurge of interest 1n Arabic, Per­ eliminated between 1966 and 1974 at one out Scout Council and teach junior high sian, and Tagalog is also taking place. Such of five American colleges and universities April 1, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9211 surveyed by the Modern Language Associa­ skills needed to explore it further. Beyond our public wilderness areas, future rec­ tion. that, tt ls important that there exist some­ reation areas, and needed watersheds. Moreover, some 90 per cent of our colleges where in the United States a self-sustaining group of experts on the languages and cul­ The articles follow: and universities today have no foreign­ [From the New Orleans States-Item] la.nguage requirements for admlsslon, even tures of practically every society on earth. for applicants who have studied at high Though central to the concept of the orig· THE ECONOMICS OP TlU! FoRES'? schools that offer excellent programs of in­ inal National Defense Education Act, this (By Les Brumfield) struction. The impact on high-school pro­ principle has never adequately been imple­ Wood is becoming a precious thing. If you grams has been predictably disastrous. mented. Nor can It be without a greater de­ don't believe it, just go to the nearest lumber The cost to us of our neglect of fore1gn­ gree of federal coord.lnation and support than ya.rd and price a few board feet of white pine, language and area studies is immense. Such has heretofore existed. fir, oak, cypress or walnut. It you ha.ve a. fire­ fields as government, business, law, and jour­ All discussions of the present and future place and are thinking of outwitting the nalism a.re denied the steady flow they de­ pool of people with foreign-language train· utfilty companies, try pricing a. cord of fire­ serve of new recruits with broad, yet spectfl.c, ing are rendered so imprecise as to be vir­ wood first. foreign-area traln1ng. Now that we are regu­ tually useless by the absence of accurate and Not only is wood indispensable to the mak­ larly negotiating with many of the 141 gov­ widely accepted standards for measuring ers of furniture, houses, books a.nd news­ ernments in the United Nations over matters competence in foreign languages. Until such papers, in its natural state as trees it ts in­ of vital concern to our domestic well-being, measures are developed and applied nation­ dispensable to many species of wildlife. self-interest requires that we be better in­ ally, we will have no choice but to continue Wood also 1s indispensable to the hunters formed than ever in the past. As President to depend on the nonqualitative measures of of wildlife and to the recreation industry they Ford put it in a speech at Notre Dame Uni­ enrollment that are now used. As things stand, what passes for near-fluency at one support. Testimony to the importance of versity Ia.st year, "This nation can no longer hardwood trees ls the Louistana. Wild Life afford to be isolationist." school may not pass muster as kitchen chat­ ter at another. Indeed, the measures by and Fisheries Commission's practice of giv­ FUNDING OF FOREIGN-AREA PROGRAMS ing which foreign-language skllls are evaluated a.way thousands of oak seedlings each year By far the largest part of the estimated are far less standardized than are those by on a. first-come-first-serve ba.51s. half-blllion dollars a year needed to sustain which karate aficianados rank their peers. In Louislana, as elsewhere, hardwood trees foreign-area programs In the United States These are a few of the more obvious de­ have vantsbed a.t an astonishing rate as land is borne by state educational systems, private mands of the moment. The sine qua non for bas been cleared for farming and other uses. endowments, and student fees. The federal addressing successfully the issue of provin­ Several yea.rs ago, Dr. Richard K. Yancey, as­ contribution, which never surpassed. 15 per cta11sm and monolingualism as a whole, how­ sistant director of the Wildlife Commission, cent of the total, is nonetheless crucial and ever, is not any one legislative or administra­ observed in the commission's publication. has declined steadily. But no member of the tive act, but for our expectations in the area The Conservationist, that hardwoods were present Adminlstration has put forward a to be significantly raised. A whole series of being cleared so rapidly in the delta bottom­ seriously conceived program for implement­ double standards with which we have long lands of north Louisiana that they would, for ing the President's thesis tn the field of edu­ rationalized away our failures will have to all practical purposes. be eliminated by 1991. cation. Given this, it may be useful to bring be abandoned in the process. "Obviously this is going to have a disas­ together some of the more promising pro­ It must be freely admitted that such a trous effect on forest game populations and posals that have been circulating widely in change In expectations does not correspond the sport of hunting," Dr. Yancey wrote. other quarters. Surprisingly, they do not all to the immediate aspirations of most stu­ The contest for wood and how best to man­ require vast outlays of funds. dents. Numerous national commissions, study age it ts Invading the 155 National Forests As a first step, it may be necessary to re­ groups, and Individual experts In diverse under jurisdiction of the U.S. Forestry Serv­ introduce some form of requirements to re­ fields have argued that it corresponds to the ice. verse the quantitative decline tn the study long-range interests of student.a, however, The forest products industry, supported by of key foreign languages and to give the cue and certalnly to the broader needs of Ameri­ the Forestry Service, wants to continue man­ to secondary and primary schools to reassess can society as a whole, of which university aging the National Forests to suit its own their programs in the area. Requirements students are a privileged part. commercial purposes. Environmentalists are are no panacea, however, and, without other objecting. The Forestry Service is mandated, changes, they could do as much harm as they say, to uphold multiple use of the for­ good. Drastic revisions in the methods of in­ ests, which are public resources. If left to the struction will in all likelihood be necessary Forestry Service and the industry, the na­ if the qualitative picture ls to be slgnlficantly OUR PUBLIC FORESTS-THE NEED tional forests w11l be "clear cut" on a mas­ affected. FOR ACTION sive scale, with large swaths of trees, regard­ It is probably impossible, for example, to less of their age and species, being cut and bring large numbers of students to a high marketed at the same time. The "managed" level of competence in foreign languages forests then would be replanted prlmarlly in when their studies are constantly interrupted HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. softwoods (fast-growing pines) tor quick, by the simultaneous demands of three or OF CALIFORNIA periodic harvesting. four other courses. It would be far better to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This type of monoculture (or slngle­ compress the process into a single, focused specles) forestry is fine for private lands, but semester or year. Consortia. of universities Wednesday, March 31, 1976 it should not be permitted on national for­ might decide to pool resources to create a ests, says environmentalists. series of super-intensive off-campus centers Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ er, the people of this country are becom­ At the heart of the debate, which has to which students could retire for short pe­ moved into Congress, is something that riods with the reasonable expectation of ing increasingly concerned over the sounds vaguely like a Mexican lizard-the coming to grips with a foreign tongue. seemingly unchecked use of clearcut "Monongahela decision." APPLICATION OF A LANGUAGE SKILL harvesting in our national forests. Public At the annual meeting of the Appalachian Once acquired, a foreign language should awareness of this subject has grown daily Hardwood Manufacturers, Inc. in New be applied immediately. Under the present since the widely publicized Monongahela Orleans earlier this month, Eliot H. Jenkins, system, this is rarely possible, since only the decision by the Federal District Court in president of the National Forest Products most senior students have acquired sufficient West Virginia was upheld on August 21, Association, attacked the Monongahela deci­ mastery of a language to use it regularly in 1975. sion as though lt were a scourge from outer This decision, upholding the ap­ space that soon would spread "economic" and their work. Hence, at even our greatest uni­ plication of the 1897 Organic Act provid­ versities, most study of foreign peoples and social chaos" throughout the land. international issues is carried out entirely ing that tree.sin our national forests can­ The decision meant a shortage of wood, a through English-language sources, the main not be sold unless they are dead, mature further crippled housing industry and the exception being courses on foreign litera­ or of large growth, and others like it, loss of thousands of jobs, Jenkins warned. tures. Were professors and deans to encour­ have forced the Congress and the citizens Reading on, I discovered that Monongahela age and assist students to use their language of this Nation to look once again at the "might well become a household word in' skills throughout their program of study­ forest practices being used in our public 1976." That's doubtful. Stlll, what had Jen­ whatever the field of concentration-the lan­ fores ts. Concern is mounting in every re­ kins so upset? guages would be reinforced and the educa­ The answer, I soon discovered, was a. court gion of the country as evidenced by the fight, won by environmentalists, over clear­ tion as a whole deepened. I in How much foreign-language and area edu­ following two articles which insert cutting in the Monongahela National Forest in West Virginia. In 1973, a Federal District cation is enough? Clearly, if one is con­ the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. Action to define our priorities for the Court in West Virglnla ruled in favor of the froni:ed in one's work with a problem that West Virginia Izaak Walton League, the has an important international dimension, use of our national forests through ade­ Sierra Club and other environmental groups i t is important to be able to recognize that quate guidelines and parameters must be against Secretary of Agriculture Earl L. Butz dimension and to possess the full range of taken quickly to curtail further abuse of and several Forestry Service omcla.ls. The CXXII--582-Part 8 9212 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1, 197'6 court decided that the 1897 Organic Act, current degree of clear-cutting t.o continue dead end route of social secw·ity, we may which the environmentalists invoked, ap­ for another year is the first undesirable do well to reassess the value of continu­ plied. The act provides, roughly, that trees product of a needless hyst.erta. cannot be sold from national forests unless Even 1f the Forest Service should extend ing to require that our citizens partici­ they are dead, mature or are of large growth. the ban on timber sales, it will be well t.o pate in it on a mandatory basis. The trees must be marked out and selec­ i·emember that 75 per cent of the country's The article follows: t ively cut. timber is on private lands, unaffected by the CITIES LEAVE SINKING SS No wonder Jenkins was rallying his troops. clear-cutting law, and that of the remaining New York's Mayor Abraham Beame h as Such antiquated production methods simply 25 per cent, an undete1·mined portion could notified the fede1·a1 government that his city go against the grains, so to speak, of today's still meet the criteria required for use of is planning to end Social Security coverage high-speed, mass-production forestry tech­ that method. for employes of most municipal agencies. nology. Furthermore, appeals courts had up­ Congress ought not let itself be hurried Beame thus has complied with federal held the Monongahela decision which, in into any action to encow"age indiscriminate regulations calling for a two-year notice of Jenkins' words, is in danger of spreading use of a practice that in some circumstances a tentative t ermination date. New York City, westward. may be sound and useful but is much more as of now, is slated to end Social Security For the inevitable "other side" of this often wasteful, ugly and destructive. coverage for employes March 31, 1978. The story, I phoned Tom Barlow in Washington, action will affect 125,000 municipal workers D.C. Barlow ls with the Coalition to Save Our and result in a $200 million a year loss to National Forests. the federal government's Social Security Surprisingly, he, too, agrees that the Or­ fund. ganic Act must go, that it simply will not do. THE DEMISE OF SOCIAL SECURITY This is t he largest group of employes to For one thing, thinning of young trees is pull out of Social Security since its incep­ sound forestry; thinning permits the remain­ tion 40 years ago. However, since 1959, there ing trees to grow faster because of the les­ HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT have been 322 local governments represent­ sened competition for nutrients. The young OF CALIFORNIA ing 45,000 employes that have dropped So­ trees that are thinned should be marketed, cial Securit y coverage-including cities in said Barlow, and the Organic Act prohibits IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the San Gabriel Valley such a.s West Covina that. Environmentalists are not even against Thursday, April 1, 1976 and Covina. all clear-cutting, said Barlow. Clear-cutting Even more alarming is that 207 oth er gov­ in small tracts actually enhances wildlife Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, though ernment agencies with more than 50,000 and is a common game-management prac­ it may have come as a surprise to some employes have given the i·equired two years tice. who believe that big Government social notice of intent ion to terminate ties wit h What the environmentalists are opposed programs are the cure-all for the needs Sooial Security. to, he said, is unrestricted clear-cutting and of our Nation's elderly and retired, the At the present time, any government em­ "cornrow" growing and harvesting of trees, employees of New York City are no ploye who has dropped Social Security, but i·egardless of age and species. has 10 quarters of coverage under the sys­ The use of the Organic Act had been just longer to be on the receiving end for so­ tem, is entitled to its major benefits-such a device to get the whole issue onto the cial security benefits. The word came as retirement and disability payments. table and establish clear guidelines for man­ from Mayor Abraham Beame, when he Each year Social Security taJCes go up­ aging the national forests for the benefit of recently served notice that he intends to either the percentage of withholding or t he everybody. There might even be room for pull New York City employees out of the base amount upon which the tax is levied. compromise with the fo1·est products people, social security system in 2-years' time. Today the tax is 11.7 per cent on the first said Barlow. Mayor Beame apparently made the deci­ $15,300 of earnings. Social Security officials sion reasoning that the city employees and the President have indicated that Social [From the New York Times, Sept . 1, 1975} Security taxes must continue to be increased are already adequately covered by city 01· the system will go broke. CLEAR-CUT DECISION pension plans and that social security is With hundreds of thousands of local gov­ For decades the Federal Government has costing the city too much money-about ernment employes having the option of stay­ sanctioned the clear-cutting of timber in $200 million per year. ing in Social Security or leaving, an un­ the national forests, only to discover now Not unexpectedly, some immediately realistic burden is being placed on the pri­ through a ruling of the United States Court attacked the mayor. "It's the great step vate sector. of Appeals that, for the most part, the prac­ backward in the city's history," said one. If government employes have the option tice has been Ulegal since 1897. The Forest To the individual worker, however, it of dropping Social Security coverage, we feel Service's lame argument that a lower Fed­ any worker in the country should have the eral court had construed the law too narrow­ may well be a step forwa1·d. The money same prerogative. ly could not stand up against the contention that would have been paid for social It is time t.o let our representat ives and of conservationists that the language of the security payments-and that now will senators in Congress know that we are fed law was too plain to be denied. not be sent to Washington-will end up up with t he Social Security ripoff. The so-called Organic Act nearly eighty in his paycheck in the average amount years ago authorized the sale only of "dead, of $900 per year. That money can now matured or large-growth trees," each tree be used by the worker to bolster his re­ to be clearly marked before sale. Clear-cut­ STATEMENT BY SENATOR HUBERT ting, which removes in a single sweep all tirement through a private carrier, or trees in a designated area, has generally spent as he otherwise sees fit. H. HUMPHREY ON THE ECONOMY been viewed as an easier and cheaper method In any event, the private sector will for the timber industry when allowed to har­ benefit. An editorial that appeared in the vest trees on the public lands. March 24 edition of the San Gabriel Val­ HON. JOHN BRADEMAS The ruling, unless overturned by the Su­ ley Tribune points out that New Yo1·k OF I N DIANA preme Court, is a major victory for conser­ City is not the first municipality to go off IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vation-but it is not an unclouded one. social security. In fact, there have been Thursday, April 1, 1976 When a court concedes that a decision of 322 other local governments represent­ "serious and far-1·eaching consequences" is ing some 45,000 employees that have de­ Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I in­ based on legislation that may have become sext at this point in the RECORD the text "an anachronism," it invites reconsideration cided to opt for other than Federal Gov­ of an excellent interview with Senator if ernment retirement protection. Further­ of the law. Such a review can be good the HUBERT H. HUMPHREY on the Nation's leaislators are unhurried by panic and un­ more, 207 other Government agencies h:rried by excessive pressures. Time iS have delivered the required 2-year notice economic problems. needed for public hearings and public dis­ of their intent to extricate themselves The interview appears in the March cussion. from the Government plan. 1976 is.sue of the journal, "Catering In­ Acting on the court's decision, the Forest The editorial goes on to suggest that dustry Employee." Service has so far banned all further timber if Government employees have the option The interview follows: sales in four eastern states, where after so H U BERT H UMPHREY ON T H E E C ONOMY in any decades of overcutting t here are nat­ of dropping social security, other work­ ers, not in Government employment, ( N oTE.- In. this e xclusive interview, the urally fewest concent1·ations of mat ure trees. Minnesota Senator says our economic prob­ To impose such a ban elsewhere-unless it should have the same option. lems can be solved by a change in national is forced by fw·ther lawsuits-would be a Mr. Speaker, in my opinion, this is a leadership.) none-too-subtle compulsion on Congress to suggestion that deserves serious consid­ Q . o ur members, as well as most people iu act under the gun. An attempt to attach eration. After all, if city municipalities general, are confused by the myriad of eco­ to the Agriculture Department's appropria­ and Federal agencies have determined nomic reports and their complexity. If pos­ tions bill a rider specifically allowing the that there is a better way to go than the sible, in somewhat layman's terms, could April 1, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9213 you, as chairman of the Joint Economic Com­ ber 1975 and the Committee, which takes the mental research and development spending mitte, tell our people how the committee lead on this bill in the Senate, is expected efforts. views the current state of the economy and to begin hearings soon. I am hopeful that In the short run, energy conservation is what the projections are for the balance of this important work will be concluded by the best way to lessen our dependence on for­ this year? Congress this summer. eign energy sources. It simply must be given A. Attempting to foreca.st economic con­ Q. Do you agree, as some have stated, that more attention than it has been during the dition always is d1filcult. There a.re develop­ part of our economic problems are directly pa.st several years. Also, Congress now has ments that one cannot pred1ct. In an elec­ related to the fact that we can no longer authorized the creation of an oil reserve tion year, this particularly is true. concern ourselves with a national economy, that will, at least in part, insulate us from It is my judgment, however, that we will but, in fact, must perceive our new role as the politically motivated embargo of the type see some significant improvements in eco­ a leader in a truly global economy? America experienced last winter. nomic conditions in 1976, compared to the A. Certainly some of the problems we have Q. How profound an effect have the multi­ abysmal depths of the 1974-75 recession. faced in recent years in our nation's econ­ Nationals had on our entire economy? What In the fall of 1975 we experienced a. fairly omy can be related to the fact that we do you feel should be done, if anything, in strnng recovery from the disastrous 1974-75 now are part of a global economy. All one this area? recession, with output spurting ahead, un­ need do is remember the lines at the gas­ A. While these corporations have at times employment down slightly and real personal oline stations and the increased price of engaged in investments abroad which have income improving. food products to understand just how di­ resulted in tremendous new sales and jobs The trouble is that some recent statistical rectly all of us are affected by the develop­ for their American branches, they have ofteu indicators seem to tell us that the strength ments elsewhere in the world. The oil em­ shifted production overseas and cost America of the recovery may not be a.s strong as we bargo and the Soviet grain deal had a.s direct jobs. had hoped. We must recall that unemploy­ an effect as any domestic economic event in With the growth of these corporations, it is ment today ls higher than at the deepest recent history. increasingly important that we learn more point in any prior post-war recession. '\Ve must recognize the growing interde­ about their impact on American workers and When I add up this evidence, plus the fact pendence of nations and people if we are to their Jobs. With this 1nformatlon in hand, that the President has proposed a restrictive design a national policy that is in the best we in Congress can do a better job of pro­ budget for Fiscal Year 1977, I see the pros­ interest of our citizens. Isolationism, trying tecting our citizens from decisions by giant pect for modest expansion of our economy to go it alone, simply will not work. There is corporations which may not be in the best in 1976. But unless a more aggressive eco­ a tremendous amount to be gained by co­ interest of our people. nomic policy ls decided on by Congress this operating with our neighbors in the world, ENVIRONMENT and our challenge must be to see that this year, a. slowdown in economic growth will Q. There is a profound struggle emerging occur next year. cooperative process is designed in such a way as to be !air and just to all nations. between those who advocate economic growth Unemployment probably will average about and expansion and those who call themselves seven and one-half percent during 1976 and, DEFENSE, ENERGY, AND MULTINATIONALS environmentalists and consumer advocates. if the Administration's plans are approved, Q. Is it not possible to create innovative Can you truly balance the scales so that we could continue above seven percent during and productive domestic programs to solve can achieve a semblance of growth while not most or all of 1977. some of our major problems here at home, destroying our environment? In summary, without basic changes in without reducing our defense capabillties? A. I am convinced that we can achieve the national economic policy, our economy A. It is possible to create innovative pro­ balanced growth and development in Amer­ will be characterized by the continued tragic grams and to adopt intelligent policies to ica. However, government today 1s inade­ waste of our nation's human and industrial solve major domestic problems without re­ quately prepared to make the kinds of judg­ resources. ducing necessary defense capabilities. ment that are nece-ssary to pursue rapid Q. How important is a. drop in unemploy­ In fact, I believe that a valid concept of growth without damaging our environment. ment compensation, as it directly relates to national security in the modern world must For many yea.rs, I have advocated a more the redirection of the Federal deficit by in­ include domestic cohesion and strength. conscious attempt on the pa.rt of govern­ creasing revenue going into the Federal How secure is a nation with 35 percent of ment to plan its policies tn a comprehensive Treasury? its young minority citizens unemployed? and consistent manner in order to achieve A. Putting Americans back to work is the How secure is a nation where crime and dis­ this goal. most effective way of reducing the Federal order rob the freedom of law-abiding citi­ deficit. Each one percentage point drop in zens to move in their own neighborhoods? the unemployment rate brings in approxi­ How secure is a nation with millions of its THE SILENT PARTNER OF' HOWARD mately $12 billion in tax revenues and re­ citizens crowded into slums, with inadequate sults in a reduction of approximately $2.5 schools and little or no recreational oppor­ HUGHES-PART XIV billion in unemployment compensation pay­ tunity? ments and $3 billion in food stamps, welfare National security ls much more than guns and the like. and missiles. National security requires that HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON Therefore, the Federal Treasury saves or the people of our country have confidence gains approximately $17 billion for each one 1n their government, see It as responsive to OF MASSACBUSETI'S percentage point reduction in national un­ their needs, believe in the essential fairness IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES employment. This is the basis for my con­ of our instltutions and have the fl.rm con­ Thursday, April 1, 1976 tention that the only way to eliminate the vtction that it wlll provide their children Federal deficit is to put America back to and grandchildren with a social, economic Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I am work. and moral environment tn which they and inserting today the 14th installment of TOURISM, TAX REFORM, AND GLOBAL ECONOMY their famtlles can llve in happiness. the Philadelphia Inquirer's eXJ)0.5e re­ Q. Our International Union has fought for Q. How important ts it economically for garding Howard Hughes' privileged re­ passage of legislation which calls for the us to achieve greater independence tn ener­ lationship with sectors of the U.S. Gov­ promotion of tourism to the United States gy production? Along these lines, do you foresee a break-up of the Middle East oil ernment. In this segment, reporters and within the United States. All of us, in­ Donald L. Bartlett and James B. Steele cluding industry, feel that this is an excel­ cartel? What alternative forms of energy lent way to stab111ze and increase employ­ do you envision to be the most useful and discuss legal ties between Hughes and practical for the near term and the long Richard Nixon. They also explore the in­ ment while stimulating the economy. What term developments? are your thoughts on this? vestments by some Hughes executives in A. I fully agree that promoting tourism A. Energy self-sufficiency is a most impor­ a southern California singles community, tant political and economic goal for the in the United States is helpful to the econ­ United States. However, it is a long-term Marina Del Rey. omy. At a time when our economy is in goal that will not be achieved for some The article follows: trouble, anything we can do to bring in ad­ years. NIXON AND HUGHES: THE LEGAL TIES ditional spending will increase our income, expand job opportunities and, given the I foresee little likelihood that the oil cartel (By Donald L. Bartlett and James B. Steele) will be broken up. It has worked quite ef­ Inquirer Staff Writers slack in the economy, have little or no effect fectively in the interest of its ·member coun­ on inflation. As we celebrate our nation's tries, at least in the short I believe that For executives working in the secret em­ bicentennial, the time is ripe for a concerted run. pire of billionaire Howard Robard Hughes, effort on the part of the U.S. to attract its future will only be in jeopardy if the and for the law firm working on the per­ tourists to our land. industrialized nations of the world, includ­ sonal legal affairs of then President Richard Q. What possibility do you foresee for a ing the United States, embark on a con­ M. Nixon, the spring and summer months of comprehensive tax reform bill passing du.r­ vincing program of energy conservation and 1970 were indeed a busy time. ing this session of Congress? development of alternative forms of energy. Whlle attorneys in the law firm of Nixon's A. I am optimistic that a compresensive While we must pursue every reasonable lawyer, Herbert W. Kalmbach, were executing tax reform bill will be passed during this alternative energy source, it is my judgment a variety of financial and business documents session of Congress. The House of Repre- that solar energy has been badly neglected on behalf of one group of Hughes executives, sentatives passed such a measure in Decem- and deserves a higher priority in govern· other Hughes executives were arranging for 9214 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1, 1916 the delivery of secret political campaign con­ by Hughes Aircraft Co. executives who have The Los Angeles -Times, in an article pub­ t ributions to the President. invested in the development of facilities at a lished Dec. 1, 1974, described it this way: A partner in the Kalmbach law firm and luxury marina and apartment complex at "It's no news that Marina del Rey has been an accountant retained by the firm prepared Marina Del Rey, Calif. The Marina is called slapped with labels like Marina del Play, the the President's 1969 federal income tax re­ the world's largest small-c1·aft harbor and 'sultry singles' ghetto or the capital of the turn-a return which, according to a con­ is located near aircraft company property. 'pickup pits.' An d the symbols of making it, gressional study, contained a quarter-mil­ These are but a few examples of the kind either professionally or socially, seem t o be lion-dollar error consisting of improper de­ of transactions that form a maze of inten-e­ on many Marina habitues' minds and bodies ductions and unreported income. lationships involving the Hughes empire, as they st rut t heir stuff nightly." The same Kalmbach law partner and Nixon and his administration and the law Quoting a divorced anesthesiologist who accountant later signed on as general part­ firm that represented the President. said he had lived at Marine del Rey for four ners in a multi-million-dollar real-estate Indeed, one day the Kalmbach-DeMarco years, the newspaper article went on to say: venture backed by Hughes executives-a ven­ law firm was working for the President, who "This place is paradise. I mean, I love liv­ ture intended, in part, to reduce or eliminate had received substantial secret contributions ing here 'cause everyone looks so pretty. Mat­ the federal income tax payments of those from the Hughes organization, and the next ter of fact, you could say it's the home of the executives through a tax shelter. day the law firm was working for Hughes Pretty People. Not the Beautiful People. The Consider, for a moment, a few excerpts executives. Beautiful People are phonies, tinseled stuck­ from a 1970 calendar of selected spring and I:t should be not ed t hat Kalmbach no ups. The Pret ty People, on the other han d, summer activities, excerpts culled from an longer is assocdated with t he Los Angeles are just-wen, naturally pretty." assortment of congressional reports, court law firm. Kalmbach, who admitted tha~ he Whatever t he habits of its residents, records and other legal documents: directed secret cash payments to the Water­ Marina del Rey is spread over 800 acres of April 10, 1970--Kalmbach, perhaps the gate burgl-ars, resigned from his law practice land and wat er owned by Los Angeles County most successful fund-raiser in the history before he began serving a prison sentence and leased to private businesses that began of Republican politics, and Frank DeMarco for campaign fina,nce law violations in a developing the area in the 1960s. Jr., partners in the Los Angeles and Newport case that grew out of the Watergate scandal. A county official puts the present popula­ Beach, Calif., law firm of Kalmbach, DeMarco, The close ties between former President tion of the community at 9,000 permanent Knapp & Chillingworth, meet with President Nixon's personal la.w firm and executives in residents an d 6,000 yachts and lesser craft . Nixon at his office in the White House. ·the Hughes organization were turned up by Its single largest complex was developed by Over a cup of coffee, DeMarco reviews the The Inquirer during its eight-month investi­ companies an d part nerships dominated and President's 1969 tax return, just prepared by gation into Hughes' business affairs and espe­ cont rolled b y Hu ghes Aircraft Co. and its ex­ the law firm and containing, among other cially his dealings with the federal govern­ ecutives. things, an unlawftll deduction for Nixon's ment. That complex is called Marina City and it back-dated gift of presidential papers. The As The Inquirer disclosed earlier this week, includes six 13-story, curved, high-rise apart ­ President signed the return and Kalmbach Hughes companies have received and spenit ment buildings, with garden and ocean view and DeMarco take it to the second fioor of units, renting for as much as $2,300 a month. the White House to get Mrs. Nixon's signa­ billions of dollars in American tax money­ largely in connection with Defense Depart­ There are banquet rooms and restaurants, ture. Later in the positions of a.uthority." Fa.lsal told Kis­ work of Yiddish schools in New York, and singer. according to the Kalbe, "that the question but it is no secret that what is at stake generally for American companies 1s an Ye.shlva University are on another, appar­ Jews were trying to run the world. but that ently for ..material contributions" to Israel he would stop them with his oil weapon." Arab export market that totaled t5 blllion last year and 1s expanding. Encouraged by But the General Electric COmpany, Which Faisal at least tried to be as good as his sells Israel jet engines for its fighter planes, word. The agreements hls m1n1sters signed their government, almost a.11 American firms any ls not on any llst--Obvlously because the with the United states note that the joint are indeed "routinely" complying with boycott declarations requested of them by .Arabs want jet engines too. On the other programs will be "sensitive to the social, cul­ hand the Arabs found the Topps Chewing tural, political and religious contexts of their Arab customers-whether what is being sold ls jet fighter planes or household tools. Gum Company to be a menace because it Saudi Arabia." Nothing in the agreements. The boycott requirements are so pervasive licensed an Israeli factory to produce however. indicates that the United States in­ that a businessman selllng 100 crates of pop­ "Bazooka" bubble gum. sisted on any relaxation of the boycott Apart from the vagaries of the Arab League against US companies or of Saudl Arabia's corn to a customer 1n Libya has to declare that he has "no direct or indirect contact blacklist, each Arab country has its own boy­ discrimination aga.inst American Jews. When with Israel and would act on the grounds and cott office and ls entitled to undo or add to I raised the question of Saudi Arabia's exclu­ regulations of the Arab boycott o! IsraeL•• what has been done in Damascus. Therefore sion of Jews with Jackson Hearn. a com­ Without even bllnklng the banks are now there are 20 Arab boycotts, and the dispari­ merce Department official who works on the processing thousands of export documents ties are striking. Joint US-Saudi COmmJ.sslon, he shrugged with declarations such as these. Yet at a Sa.udl Arabia and the Persian Gulf sheik­ and said: "It's not Just Jews. The Saudis do recent New York state Assembly subcommit­ doms have added their own historical anti­ not permit Communists and a.theists either." tee hearing on the boycott. representatives Jewlsh bias to the general boycott require­ As to the boycott. though a federal statute of a.11 the major ba.nks insisted they were ments. Compa.nles working on contract in states that it ls US policy to oppose boycotts doing nothing improper or unethical. All Saudi Arabia are told not to bring in either against friendly countries, the administra­ cited recent statements by Ford administra­ Jewish personnel or products made by Jewish tion has made it abundantly clear that tion officials in support of their position. firms. Algeria, on the other hand. despite its the Arab boycott ls just one of those an­ The Arabs themselves make it all sound mW.taut rhetoric on the Arab-Israeli con­ noyances that must be put up with for the even more innocent. They tell Americans not :ftlct, 1s quite pragmatic when it comes to greater good of US foreign and ~conomic to worry about & boycott that does not dis­ trade and has just quietly signed ma.jor con­ policy. In testimony before a congressional crlmlnate against anyone on ethnic or re­ tracts with two prominently blacklisted committee last December, Under Secretary ligious grounds. The boycott, according to firms. Though on the blacklist, the Ford Mo­ of Commerce James A. Baker said that while official Arab statements. ls nothing but a tor Company sold trucks to the Jordanian the administration ls concerned a.bout the legitimate act of self-defense against Israel. army. restrictive trade practices imposed on US The issue, however, ls not whether the The one experience common to blacklisted companies by the boycott, that had to be Arabs have the right to boycott Israel but firms is contact with those Arab "agents" balanced by the need to support "legitimate whether US institutions and companies are offering their good services. An official of the US interests in the Middle East." forced to aband-0n their own principles and Monsanto Company. blacklisted in 1966, says: The interests on the economic side, accord­ laws. Conceivably a boycott against Israel "There have been no end of agents coming ing to Baker, are these: US exports to the might be carried out so scrupulously that to us and offering to get us off the list for Arab countries are expected to reach $10 American Jews and other innocent parties a fee. We decided we just weren't going to bllllon by 1980 and ea.ch billion o! that total were not also hurt. The trouble with this pay baksheesh." Fortune magazine tells the represents 40,000 to 70,000 Jobs for American particular boycott, though, is that it has story of how the Bulova Company hired a workers. Thus, said Baker, the administra­ never been very scrupulous about anything. Syrian lawyer and paid him a retainer to get tion opposes all attempts to legislate against And what is worst of an ls that those few them off the blacklist, only to discover soon compliance with the boycott because it " ..• American firms that take American prin­ after their agent had apparently emerged on could result in the loss of significant trade ciples seriously and refuse to knuckle under the wrong side of the Syrian regime and was opportunities by US interests and business are then discriminated against as part of a hanged in the Damascus square. concerns." process abetted by the US government itself. Often American companies are squeezed American businessmen understand the The Damascus boycott office ls supposed simply because of inter-Arab rivalries or the priorities. Consider the following transaction to carry out the declslons of a boycott coun­ vested interests of the bureaucrats in Da­ recently concluded between a Connecticut cil consisting of one representative for each mascus. That seems to have been behind the manufacturer and two businessmen in Ku­ of the 20 Arab League states. The council attempt of the boycott office to muscle the wait. Several months ago the Kuwaitis or­ meets twice a year to consider adding or Chase Manhattan Bank in the '60s. dered $4470 worth of household tools from removing firms from the blacklist and also Chase Manhattan had been Israel's chief The Stanley Works in New Britain. To finance to amend the boycott regulations. Included fiscal agent in the United States since the the deal the customers opened a line of credit among the dozens of "violations" that could founding of the state-meaning that it with The Commercial Bank of Kuwait--a get a firm or individual blacklisted are the handled Israel's bond issues. The Arabs knew correspondent of New York's Chemical Bank following: establishing plants in Israel; that and also knew it to be a direct violation in turn issued a standard letter of. credit granting licenses to Israeli companies; hold­ of their boycott principles. Nevertheless, to The Stanley Works which included the ing shares in Israeli companies. Also in hot Cha.5e was never bothered-probably because April 1, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9219

of its role 1n the Arab world, and its on com­ off. In tact, as David Rockefeller himself appears strong. Newspaper editorials have pany connections. sub6equently acknowledged, it is highly un­ been almost unanimous in attacking an op­ Then 1n July 1964, the boycott office sud­ likely that the Arabs would do anything eration that by its very na.ture runs counter denly issued a press release in Damascus quite so drastic. The Arab interest in an in­ to American principles of freedom of trade. announcing that Chase had been blacklisted stitution as powerful as Chase is now much The boycott hardly has a pollt1cal constit­ uency willing to make case for it openly. for violating the rules of the Arab boycott-­ more along political lines. Ultimately it is a the charge was that the bank was "chief fis­ the knowledge that they too "have a friend Furthermore, the anti-boycott position is cal a.gent for Israel." Commissioner General a.t the Chase" that accounts for the willing­ already mandated as official US policy. The Mahgoub gave the Arab countries six months ness of the Arabs to wink at the bank's Export Administration Act of 1969 states that to settle their accounts with the bank. continuing violation of their boycott rules. "it is the policy of the United States (A) to Shortly thereafter, as if to reinforce the seri­ For its part Chase Manhattan is forever oppose . . . boycotts fostered or imposed by ousness of the action, the Syrian government saying it has no politics, that it only wants foreign countries against other countries issued instructions for all banks operating to do business. But the record is that friendly to the United States, (B) to encour­ 1n the country to begin liquidating all their Chase officials have intervened politically age and request domestic concerns . . . to transactions with Chase Ma.nhattan. for the Arabs. In 1968 David Rockefeller and refuse to take any action, including the Mahgoub kept the pot boiling with an­ John J. McCloy, along with several promin­ furnishing of information or the signing of other announcement from Damascus that ent ollm'en, met with President-elect NiXon agreements . . ." that has the effect of fur­ Kuwait was calling off plans to deposit $200 to urge on him a Mideast policy more thering those boycotts. The proposed new leg­ million with Chase. In New York, however, friendly to the Arabs. During t;he 1973 war islation puts teeth into what all concede to the representatives of Kuwait denied any McCloy urged the Nixon administration not be US policy. knowledge of the proposed $200 million de­ to ship arms to Israel. Last year, shortly What the anti-boycott forces have been u;> ls posit. The NY Times quoted banking sources after the breakdown of the negotiations for against however an administration deter-­ suggesting that Mahgoub was pressuring an interim agreement between Israel and mined to pursue it.s Mideast policies without Chase to break with Israel with the proposed Egypt, David Rockefeller was part of a having to confront the Arabs in any way over the moral issues raised by the blacklist. In­ $200 million as "compensation." delegation of Establishment "wise men" who Chase was not about to be bribed but it met with Henry Kissinger n.nd offered sup­ deed, until very recently it was the policy was concerned enough to undertake a diplo­ port for Kissinger's criticism of Israeli "in­ of the Commerce Department to circulate to US firms commercial tenders containing boy­ matic campaign at the highest levels to "per­ transigence." suade" the Arabs to take the bank off the One American company that took a clear cott requirements. One such tender required list. John J. McCloy, the man Richard Rovere American companies bidding on a contract cut no-nonsense line with the boycott was to supply pre-fabricated buildings to certify once called the "Chairman of the American RCA, which was blacklisted in 1966 for Establishment" and who was then a Chase granting a license to an Israeli record com­ that the materials were not manufactured director personally took the issue up in Cairo pany to use the RAC label. Until that time "by a.ny companies boycotted officially by the Iraqi Government." The US was thus facili­ with President Nasser. A Chase Vice Presi­ RCA had been doing about $10 million an­ dent was dispatched to Jordan where us tating not only the boycott of Israel but nually in sales to the Arab world. As a re­ restraint of trade against other American Ambassador Robert Barnes introduced him to sult of the blacklisting it lost over 90 per­ the Jordanian representative on the boycott companies. cent of that business. Furthermore RCA has The Anti-Defamation League went to court council. The approach used, according to been routinely cut out of contracts by other Barnes, was that "it was counterproductive la.st year to get Commerce enjoined from companies trying to observe the boycott further distribution of the tenders. The gov­ for the Arabs to try to boycott banks since rules. And when the US government chan­ you can't follow money." A similar approach ernment backed off and agreed to end the nels business into Saudi Arabia RCA ls auto­ practice, thus conceding one small victory to was used with the Lebanese representative to matically excluded. the boycott council. Chase also submitted the anti-boycott forces. But an internal The Ucensing arrangement ln Israel was Commerce memo at the time throws some documents to the boycott office denying it had not much of an offense-at least not com­ violated the boycott rules. light on the administration's broader strat­ pared to handling Israeli bonds-and it ls egy in the fight. Dated August 11, 1975, the The attempt to pressure Chase was led by clear that RCA could have maneuvered its Syria with Mahgoub's support. Chase, how­ memorandum was written by Peter Hale, Di­ way off the list, just as Chase Manhattan rector of the Commerce Action Group for ever, was using its own leverage with the and General Tire and Rubber did. But RCA more moderate Arab states, such as Egypt. the Middle East. Hale pointed out that the officials have consistently refused to deal, State Department was already disturbed by The Egyptians had a $10 million outstanding though they too have been contacted by loan from Chase and were looking for more-­ the Commerce Department's policy of dis­ "agents" offering to intercede with the boy­ seminating the tenders "in view of the con ... so they were willing to help. The strategy cott office--for a fee. RCA's International worked. After the next meeting of the boy­ sideration being given by Congress to more Vice President, Eugene P. Seculow says: restrictive legislation against the boycott." cott council, in January 1965, Ma.hgoub was "Our position has been very simple. We be­ forced to back off and announced that the Hale went on to report that the State De­ lieve in free trade and we are attempting partment " ... may press for some change action against Chase Manhattan had been to do business everywhere in the world suspended because of the "certified docu­ in our practice . . . as a further effort to where it ls not against US laws. But we head off damaging legislation." ments" submitted by the bank. If the Com­ won't comply in any way with the boycott missioner General was disappointed, how­ Aside from occasional gestures there have or try to negotiate our way off the list." been only two moves by the federal govern­ ever, there is always new business for black­ Seculow called the boycott "capricious and listers. A few weeks a.fter the Chase affair ment to deal with the boycott directly. One insidious" in its effect on the US business action came when, after an independent in­ Mahgoub called another press conference to community. announce that Sophia Loren was banned vestigation, the Justice Department con­ More sanguine view of the boycott is cluded that the secondary aspects of the throughout the Arab world for appearing in offered by Robert Barnes, the ex-US ambassa­ a movie about Israel. boycott involved serious violations of US dor who helped Cha.se Manhattan get off the antitrust laws. Before the Justice Depart­ Whatever was said in the documents sub­ list: "There are quiet ways to handle these mitted by Chase (no one at the bank today things"--0ne way being a "contribution" in ment went ahead with a planned landmark seems to know), the fact is that the bank the form of a investment of developement suit against the Bechtel Corporation, how­ continues to handle Israel's bond issues, still capital in an Arab country. That is how the ever, the State Department was allowed to a violation of section 18b of the boycott Ford Motor Company is now trying to do present its views on the possible foreign pol­ rules. On the other hand the bank ls even it. It has been negotiating with the Egyptian icy implications of the ca.se. Henry Kissinger more massively involved in the Arab world government for over a year to get off the list was so concerned that he personally cabled today, handling $1 billlon in overnight de­ through proposed joint venture to build Attorney General Levi from China, during a the President's trip there last November. Ac­ posits for the Saudi Arabian Monetary a $150 million assembly plant in Egypt. Coca­ Agency and a $200 m.illlon real estate port­ Cola and Xerox a.re reported to be involved cording to a highly placed State Department folio for Kuwait. And the Arabs keep remind­ in similar negotiations-all with the bless­ source, Kissinger's worry was that the anti­ ing Chase that they are watching its be­ ings of the US government. trust action "could be seen by the Arabs as a havior. One direct way out of the whole mora.ss deliberate US government decision to act Thus shortly after Chase Chairman David would be to make compliance with the boy­ against their policy. Thus it could have had Rockefeller made a Middle East trip last cott illegal for all American companies. At an adverse effect on the peace-making pro­ year Kuwaiti officials announced that they least a half dozen anti-boycott bills are now cess." were taking steps to put Chase on the black­ under consideration, the most far-reaching of Levi held his ground, however, and the suit list again. What had apparently angered which was introduced in the House by Eliza­ was filed on January 16. It charged that the Kuwaitis was some chance remarks beth Holtzman (D, NY) and Peter Rodino (D, Bechtel, one of the biggest prime contrac­ Rockefeller made in J erusaJ.em praising Is­ NJ) along with 60 co-sponsors. It would pro­ tors doing business with the Arab world, was ra.el for the way it maintained the city. hibit participation in the secondary aspects refusing to deal with Arab blacklisted us Chase was concerned enough to have a vice of the Arab boycott by Americans firms and subcontractors and for this purpose the com­ president stop oft' 1n Kuwaiti to explain provide sti:ff civil and criminal penalties. On pany maintained a boycott list. Bechtel's things, and eventually the Kuwaitis cooled tne faee of it support for such legislation initial response did not deny compliance 9220 K TENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1, 1!{i6 with boycott requirements but said the suit of litigation. In the meantime the ball is now if tJ:ie original sow·ce is an agency also was "unwarranted" in that the boycott was with Congress, where support for anti-boy­ not illegal under US law. cott legislation is on the rise. Making it subJect to the Freedom of Information In one more attempt by an independent illegal for American companies to comply A~t,. the request may be referred to the agency to go beyond previous administration with the boycott might for.ce Henry Kissin­ or1gmating agency. Such a revision policy, Federal Reserve Board Chairman ger, despite himself, to say something about serves two pw-poses: a) It avoids un­ Arthur Burns last December sent out a let­ American principles the next time he sits necessary duplication of effort· b) It ter to all member banks warning them down with a prince from Saudi Arabia. av?ids. tying up the courts with {nuitiple about the practice of issuing letters of credit suits m separate ju1isdictions by the containing boycott provisions. Such partici­ [From the New York Times, Mar. 19, 1976] same individual for identical informa­ pation in the boycott, even "passively," was TWENTY-TWO COMPANIES BAR ANY COOPERA- tion. "in the board's view, a misuse of the privi­ TION WITH ARAB BOYCOTl' leges and benefits conferred upon the bank­ Second. Under the present wording of The American Jewish Congress has re­ the Freedom of Information Act a court ing community." ceived assurances from 24 leading United Banking circles considered the warning States concerns that they would not become is permitted to retain jurisdiction and practically a mandate from the agency they involved in the Arab boycott of Israel. allow an agency additional time to com­ regard as their regulator. At least one ma­ Rabbi Arthur Hertzberg, president of the plete its efforts to comply with a request jor bank, the Chemical, put a moratorium American Jewish Congress, said that the for information if the court is convinced on issuing letters of credit involvh1g boy­ pledges had been made in response to a that there are exceptional circumstances cott conditions. It wa..s clear that if the nationwide drive initiated by the organiza­ and that the agency has made every ruling stood the whole pattern of boycott tion Jast December, when it began a cam­ conditioned trade with the Arab countries effort to comply within the allotted time. paign to require American concerns to tell The proposed amendment would make it would be disrupted. their shareholders whether they were partic­ The banks were in a state of consternation ipating in the Arab boycott. mandatory for a court to retain jurisdic­ and so was the State Department, the Com­ The 22 concerns that replied with a.ssur­ tion and provide additional time under merce Department and the Treasury Depart ­ n.nces they would not comply with the boy­ such circumstances. If the situation is ment. All made strong representations to cott were named at a news conference Tues­ exceptional and the agency is making the Federal Reserve Board asking for what day in Stephen Wise Congress House, 15 East every effort to comply, it makes no sense one bank official called a "liberalization" of 84th Street, at which Rabbi Hertzberg to allow a capricious ruling penalizing Burns' ruling. Bowing to the pressure Chair­ praised their action as an encouragement to man Burns issued a new clarifying letter in the agency for its efforts. others to defy the boycott. Third. In the case of a request made January. The key words were that the pre­ Rabbi Hertzberg said that lnmdreds of t-0 vious letter "was not intended to create a other American concerns and some leading any agency component or division the new legal obligations for banks." The new banks were submitting to the boycott. He principal purpose of which is cr~inal letter also said that primary responsibility spoke of "the American industry's craven investigation, the time period for re­ for implementing and enforcing US policy on surrender" to the Arab boycott. The 22 com­ sponse is extended from 10 to 60 days the boycott rested with the Depart ment of panies were: and the time period for response to ar{ Commerce. The banks uttered a collective American Brands, Beatrice Foods, Bucy1·us­ sigh of relief and went 'Jack to issuing their appeal is extended from 20 to 30 days. Erie, Continental Can, El Paso Natural Gas, This permits the additional time which letters of credit. They already knew how the General Foods, General Motors, Georgia-Pa­ Commerce Department enforces US policy. cific, Greyhound, Kennecott Copper, McDon­ may often be necessary to select those In all fairness the responsibility should nell-Douglas, Ogden. portions of the information requested not be borne by the Commerce Deoartment Pitney-Bowes, RCA, Xerox, Scott Paper, which can be released without endanger­ alone. Peter Hale, the Commerce~ Depart­ G.D. Searle, Simmons, Texaco, Textron, U.S. ing the successful completion of a crimi­ ment's boycott man says: "Basically US pol­ Gypsum, Warner Communications. icy on the boycott falls under the umbrella of nal investigation. Henry Kissinger. It is a question of US Fourth. Where large volumes of mate­ foreign policy." As presented by a high de­ rial are involved, an additional 30 days partment official in a recent background shall be allowed for each 200 additional briefing, here then is the State Depart­ REFORMING THE FREEDOM OF pages of information, provided that the ment's view of why there should be no con­ INFORMATION ACT individual making the request is given an frontations with the Arabs over the boy­ opportunity to confer with personnel at cottt: "The U.S. has a major interest in pre­ HON. ANDREW MAGUIRE the agency involved about possible ways serving the peace in the Middle East," said of reformulating a request in order to re­ the official. "It is our overriding political OF NEW JERSEY concern. But it takes two sides to make duce its scope and volume. This will pre­ peace and the Arabs are at least 50 percent. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA'TlVES vent the loss of inordinate amounts of To play a role we must be seen by the Arabs Thursday, April 1, 1976 time in plowing through files involving as at least aware of their problems-at least extensive criminal investigations to pick reasonably sympathetic. They want t o be Mr. MAGUffiE. Mr. Speaker, the out of several hundred or thousand pages seen as people who have a just cause." The Freedom of Information Act is a mile­ the material which can be safely re­ official went on to say that the Arabs have stone in the development of open govern­ reason to believe that the boycott prevents ment, in providing the American people leased-all within a very short time pe­ Israel from getting stronger, that there is a with the information they need to eff ec­ riod. At the same time, it eliminates consensus among them on this and they can't tively involve themselves in the work of unnecessary paperwork by offering a be talked out of it. The department is aware person submitting a request the opportu­ of the boycott, it is opposed to it and it their own Government. The elimination nity of eliminating from the scope of his urges companies not to abide by it. But, said of unnecessary secrecy is critical to the request information which is readily the official, "the only effective way to reduce effective operation of a democratic gov­ available to him elsewhere, but which the boycott and ultimately eliminate it is to ernment. I am a strong supporter of the would consume staff time at the agency solve the Arab-Israeli conflict." act and its objectives. In other words, until US diplomacy suc­ There is, however, a need for some and hold up the fulfillment of the entire ceeds in bringing the millenium to the Mid­ request. minor modifications in the act which­ Fifth. In addition to investigatory files dle East, Americans will just have to put up without affecting its substance-would with political and economic blackmail. It is facilitate lawful and legitimate criminal as such, other records which relate di­ clear that whether it is in the form of In rectly to a criminal investigation, even "agents' fees" or increased "capital develop­ investigations. addition, steps need to be taken to more nearly fulfill the intent though they may not physically be part ment" or just plain political kowtowing, the of open government with respect to of the investigatory file, are to be covered major function of the Arab boycott is to ex­ by the exclusion relating to criminal in­ act tribute. And as long as a blacklist of availability in reasonable time, of inter­ American companies is accepted as a routine nal documents which are critical in the vestigations. Further, the exclusion re­ part of doing business in the Middle East, formulation of agency decisions. The lating to investigato1·y files is to extend there will be no end to the threats and in­ amendments I am introducing today a1·e 2 years from the time when the files are timidation. That prospect is morally com­ intended to achieve both of these pur­ last utilized in the active phase of an pounded by the governmeut·s double-talk poses. investigation. This will both avoid the about opposing boycotts. The amendments would make the fol­ disclosure of information which might be The Justice Department·s suit against the lowing changes in the existing law: prejudicial to the safety or effectiveness Bechtel Corporation, if pursued t o a suc­ FACILITATING L .... W ENFORCEMENT of law enforcement agents-for example, cessful conclusion, could do something to restore the balance-despite the State De­ First. If an agency is asked for infor­ identifying them to those under investi­ partment. But that is likely to inYolye years mation which it did not originate, and gation-and prevent the opening of files April 1, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9221 during a period when additional infor­ paragraph (6) (D) (as redesignated by para­ tained !or law enforcement purposes, whic!l. mation might reasonably be expected to graph (8) ) and inserting 1n lieu thereof the pertain to criminal law enforcement inves- following: "If the Government ca.n show 1iigations which are currently active or which make possible the successful conclusion that. exceptional circumstances exist and have been acitve within the preceding two of a temporaiily inactive investigation. the agency ls exercising due dlllgence in at­ years or other records to the extent that the DISCLOSING THE WAY AN AGENCY MAKES tempting to respond to the request, the court production of such records would (A) inter­ UP ITS MIND shall retain Jurisdiction and allow the agency fere with enforcement proceedings, (B) de­ The public decisions of Government additional time to complete its review of prive a person of a right to a fair trial er agencies are of ten only the final step in the records to the extent that the court an impartial adjudication, (C) constitute an determines is reasonable in the particular unwarranted invasion of personal privacy , a long process, most of which is obscure case."; and (D) disclose the identity of a confidential to the public. And it can be frustrating (5) by adding at the end thereof the fol­ source and, in the case of a :record compiled to be told that a possibly objectionable lowing new paragraph: by a criminal law enforcement authority in decision is based on thorough agency "(7) (A) Except as provided in subpara­ the course of a cr.iminal investigation, or by studies, but that these studies ai·e in the graph (B), any agency component, the prin­ an agency conducting a lawful national secu­ form of confidential inter-agency or in­ cipal purpose of which ls criminal investiga­ rity intelligence investigation, confidential tra-agency memoranda which are, of tion, shall, upon any request for records, or information furnished only by the confiden­ appeal from a denial of access to records, tial source, (E) disclose investigative tech­ course, not available to the public. (which records do not encompass an ag­ niques and procedures, or (F) endanger the The original justification for excluding gregate of more than two hundred pages life or physical safety of any informants, such memoranda from the scope of the of records)- employees of law enforcement agencies, or Freedom of Information Act was that it " ( i) determine within sixty days after the their families.''; and would eause Government agencies to receipt of any such request whether to com­ (3) by striking out the last sentence of operate in a fishbowl. But with reason­ ply with such request and shall immediately such section and inserting in lieu thereof able safeguards to protect current opera­ notify the person making such request of the following: "Any substantial, reasonably tions, there is no reason why an agency's such determination and the reasons there­ segregable portion of a record not already in decision processes should not be open to fore, and of the right of such person to the public domain which contains significant appeal to the head o! the agency any adverse information pertaining to the subject of a scrutiny. The amendment I am offering determination; and request, shall be provided to any person re­ protects against premature disclosure "(ll) make a determination with respect questing such record after deletion of the of inter- and intra-agency memoranda, to any appeal Within thirty days after the portions which are exempt under this sub­ but provides that no longer current work receipt of such appeaL If on appeal the de­ section.". shall be released. The agencies may pre­ nial o! the request for records is in whole or SEC. 2. The amendments made by section 1 vent disclosure during the time they be­ in part upheld, the agency shall notify the of this Act shall apply with respect to any lieve would be harmful, or for 2 years­ person making such request of the prov:Sions request for ln!ormatlon pending or ma.de on whichever is shorter. for judicial review of that determination un­ or after the date of enactment of this Act. der paragraph ( 4) of this subsection. These amendments do not affect the "(B) The time limits p1·ovided by sub­ basic structure or purpose of the Free­ paragraph (A) (1) and (11) may be extended dom of Information Act, nor are they at either the request or appeal level, or both, UNITED STATES MAY TRAIN intended to do so. They do, however, pro­ for an additional thirty days for each addi­ EGYPTIAN FORCES vide for the changes necessary to make tional two hundred pages, or portion there­ legitimate law enforcement activities of, encompassed by such request or appeal, more effective, and to make more open except that, prior to the expiration of the HO~ . BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL initial period provided by subparagraph to the people the processes of the Gov­ OF NEW YORK (A) (i) or (ii), as appropriate, the person ei'IlIIlent which is supposed to serve their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES needs. making such request is notified of the total number of pages Within the scope of the Thursday, April 1, 1976 The bill follows: request or appeal and the date by which the H.R. 12975 processing of the request or appeal must be Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, there A bill to amend the Freedom of Information completed. For the purpose of shortening the is more than meets the eye to the ad­ Act to .improve the handling of information processing time allowed by this subpara­ ministration's intention to sell six C-130 collected for law enforcement, and for graph, the agency shall provide such person combat transports to Egypt. Hidden in other purposes an opportunity to confer with agency per­ the language of the Presidential deter­ Be ft enacted by the Senate and House sonnel in order to attempt to reformulate the request in a manner which will meet such mination and accompanying Whit.e o/ Representatives of the United States of House documents initiating the aircraft America in Congress assembled, person's needs while reducing the number of SECTION L (a) Section 552 (a) of title 5, pages of records within the scope of the sale is the word "training." United States Code, is amended- request or appeal, and shall further advise At first reading it appears that this ( 1) by striking subparagraph (C) of para­ such person of the right to submit for con­ means training for the maintenance and graph ( 4), and redesigna.ting subparagraphs sideration by the agency any reasons why the operation of the C-130's. But the admin­ (D), (E), (F), and (G) as subparagraphs request or appeal should be accorded ex­ istration apparently has more, much (C). (D), (E), and (F), respectively: pedited processing in order to a.void severe more, in mind. (2) by str1king out "Ea.ch agency" in para­ hardship.". It intends to begin an extensive train­ graph (6) (A) and inserting in lieu thereof (b) Section 552(b) of title 5, United "Except as provided in paragraph (7), each States code is amended- ing program for Egyptian military per­ agency"; ( 1) by amending paragraph (2) to read as sonnel on a wide variety of matters at (3) by redesignating paragraph (6) (C) as follows: U.S. military training centers. The paragraph (6) (D) and inserting immediately "(2) related solely to those internal rules President has placed no restrictions on after paragraph (6) (B) the ~ollowing: and practices of an energy which do not the number of Egyptian personnel in­ "(C) Any agency may refer a request for ordinarily affect the general public;"; volved, the cost, the military specialties a document which originated in another (2) by strllting out paragraphs (5), (6), in which they would be trained, or the agency, or for that portion of a document and (7) and inserting in lieu thereof the containing information obtained from an­ following: location of their training. other agency, to that other agency for direct "(5) inter-agency or intra-agency memo­ Under the Presidential determination, response, with the consent of that other randums or letters which would not be avail­ this training could cover operation of agency and with notice to the person making able by law to a party other than an agency major military equipment, including jet such request. such referral and notice shall in litigation with the agency, except that this aircraft, missiles and armored vehicles; constitute full compliance With this subsec­ section shall apply to such memorandums and biological and chemical warfare; radar tion by the referring agency, provided that letters upon the explratl.on of (A) a period and electronic techniques; logistics and the agency to which such referral is made is during which premature disclosure of such supply; and the most sophisticated weap­ itself subject to the provisions of this sub­ memorandums or letters would harm the au­ section. Any referral pursuant to this para­ thorized and apropriate purpose for which ons of destruction. In addition, it could graph shall not extend the time periods for they are being used, or (B) two years after mean making available to Egypt U.S. processing the request beyond those provided the date of their production, whichever oc­ tactics and weapons operations tech­ by subparagraph A of paragraphs 6 or 7, as curs first; niques on which Israeli and U.S. forces appropriate, except that the agency to which "(6) records the disclosure of which would depend. Such knowledge, once shared the referral Js made shall have a comparable constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion with Egypt, could easily be compromised. time period after its receipt of the re:!erral. of personal privacy; Since these training agreements may (4) by striking out the second sentence of "(7) records compiled, created, or main- individually be for less than $25 million, 9222 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1, 1976 the threshold for congressional jurisdic­ as Egypt has been claiming for months." Egypt, with the biggest army in the region, .tion under section 36(b) of the Foreign In fact, it continues, "during 1975 and presents the biggest puzzle. Although Presi­ Military Sales Act, the American public the first few months of this year Egypt dent Sadat's recent public behavior sug­ and the Congress may never have a gests a definitive break with the Russians, received arms worth $1.5 billion from the the Egyptians are pressing on with the re­ formal opportunity to debate and review Russians." building of their war machine. The Egyptian them. Egypt is going shopping for Western army has been subjected to an ambitious That should not be permitted to hap­ arms for "essentially political," not mili­ programme of reorganisation and absorbing pen. This decision on training is poten­ tary reasons, according to the Economist. new types of weapons. By 1977 or 1978 it tially as significant and harmful to peace The strongly anti-Communist Arab oil could be a more powerful instrument than as the sale of the C-130's. sheiks who are financing Sadat's weapons ever before. This Presidential go-ahead for U.S. buying spree "are willing to foot the bill Today, the Egyptians have 650,000 men un­ training of Egyptian forces contradicts der arms (after demobbing reservists who for purchases if made in t.he west," it had served without a break since the 1967 the administration's earlier public as­ explains. war) organised in five infantry divisions, five surances that nothing else is anticipated I commend this article to all my col­ mobile divisions, two armoured divisions, six beyond the sale of six aircraft. leagues and am inserting it in the RECORD brigades of special forces and 26 commando Apart from the statement in the following my remarks. battalions. They are equipped with 2,500 T- Presidential determination, the admin­ Egypt's problems with the Soviets may 62, T-65 and T-54 tanks, 2,600 armoured istration has made only oblique refer­ stem as much from an inability or un­ full-track vehicles (many fresh o1f the Soviet ences to this military training program willingness to pay for the arms it wants assembly lines in 1975), 2,200 heavy guns ( 120mm calibre )-plus two brigades equipped for Egypt. In testimony before the Inter­ or has, than from other factors. This, with 500 Frog and Scud ground-to-ground national Relations Committee earlier and the attitude of its financial backers missiles. How many of these weapons, except this week the Secretary of State said: along the Persian Gulf, have resulted in the very newest, are still usable 1s another "We have no commitments to Sadat be­ a turn to the West. matter; sophisticated arms can soon become yond the six C-130s and the trnining of a few And it has been a very fruitful turn. useless-'scrap iron' in President Sadat's officers in the United States.... Just this week, the way was opened for phrase-under Egyptian standards of main­ Does he mean training officers to fly Egypt to purchase 120 Alpha jet fighters tenance. from Germany and France. This is in The Egyptian a.ir force has 515 combat the C-130's or training unrelated to the planes, including at least 30 Mig-23 fighter­ aircraft sale? addition to 300 British Jaguar fighter­ bombers (notwithstanding reports that the In order to classify this question, I bombers, 200 British Hawk jet fighters, Russians had taken them away). The rest have written to the Secretary of State over 100 French Mirage jets, several hun­ are mostly French Mirage llls, soviet Mig- requesting an explanation of what is dred British and French helicopters, mis­ 21s, Mig-17s, Sukhoi-7s, Sukhol-20s, to­ meant by the administration's refer­ siles, tanks, and assorted other equip­ gether with 30 heavy Tupolev bombers. There ences to "training" for Egyptian per­ ment. are unconfirmed 1·eports of a secret Soviet­ While Israel has only one major coun­ Egyptian deal to supply an unknown quan­ sonnel. tity of Mig-25s next year, but in the changed Another question arises over the Sec­ try it can turn to for military equip­ political climate this may well fall through. retai·y's testimony regarding "no com­ ment, Egypt enjoys access to all the Egypt's anti-aircraft missile defence system mitments to Sadat beyond the six C- world's arms merchants. now includes 150 batteries of Sa.m-6, Sa.m-3 130's." He has repeatedly assured the Although Egypt's military strength is and Sam-2 missiles. Egypt's navy has five de­ Cong-ress that it has been informed of intact, her economy is in rather poor stroyers, t.hree frigates; 12 submarines, 12 all agreements growing out of the Sinai health. That is the area where the United missile boa.ts, 30 torpedo boats and 14 mine­ States can and should help. President sweepers. accords. Yet a search of his testimony A close look at this list, based on reliable before the House International Relations Sadat is to be commended for taking the · military intelligence sources, suggests that Committee between the October 1973 firs·; Arab steps toward peace in the Mid­ supplies from the Soviet block have definitely Middle East war and March 4, 1976, dle East, and he is to be encouraged. I not dried up, as Egypt has been claiming for when he wa.s specifically questioned about applaud his efforts to shake Soviet dom­ months. During 1975 and the first months the C-130 sale, reveals no mention of inance and seek Western friendship, and of this year Egypt received arms worth $1.5 any U.S. commitment, direct or indirect, I have voted for $1.25 billion in economic billion from the Russians. Only a few months written or oral, to sell U.S. military and agricultural assistance for Egypt in ago, a soviet shipment of spare parts reached the past 2 years. Alexandria, and the Egyptian wa.r minister, equipment to Egypt. General Mohammed Gamasi, paid visits to This is in contrast with President As I have previously stated, I believe Jugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and Poland, be­ Ford's statement in an interview last fall this is the best way to bring peace, not fore going on to Paris this week. Jugoslavla prior to President Sadat's visit that he by further escalation o! the arms race is Egypt's main source of ah·craft spare parts, felt this country had "an implied com­ or by being a major arms supplier for and it is now known that President Tito mitment" to sell arms to Egypt. both sides. rushed 130 tanks to Egypt as part of the east What is the truth? The sale of C-130 combat transports European airlift during the 1973 war. Czecho­ and Presidential determination to begin slovakia and Poland are both regular sup­ We also have heard a great deal lately, pliers of spare parts and tanks. Moreover, at Mr. Speaker, about the deteriorating con­ U.S. training of Egyptian military per­ their Libyan depots, the Russians are be­ dition of Egyptian equipment due to an sonnel establishes an undesirable and lieved to maintain huge supplies of spare air­ allegedly total cutoff of Soviet materiel. potentially dangerous precedent. I op­ craft engines and at least 1,000 T-62 tanks, If Egypt's war machine is turning into pose both moves as being against the in­ available for delivery to Egypt within 24-36 "scrap metal," as President Sadat con­ terest of peace and stability. hours. The article referred to follows: The reason why Egypt goes shopping in the tends, it is not for lack of equipment, west is clearly essentially political. But there spare parts and replacements but due to THE MIDDLE EAST ARMS RACE are other factors as well. It pays to buy from "Egyptian standards of maintenance," The polite officialese for the :>resent be­ the Americans and Europeans, since the Arab according to a recent article in the au­ haviour of Middle East arms buyers is 'di­ oil sheikhs are willing to foot the bill for thoritative Economist of London. versifying sources of supply'. More than ever, purchases if made in the west. There may A i·ealistic assessment of the Egyptian the arms trade in the Middle East is a free­ also be a military calculation involved. Gen­ army, "the biggest army in the region," for-all; the major powers have allowed small eral Gamasi may have picked up the idea dealers a fairly clear run, confident that the from the Israelis, when he saw that captured according to the Economist, shows it "has customers will have to turn to them for built Soviet equipment could be successfully in­ been subjected to an ambitious pro­ buying and really sophisticated items. tegrated into an army based on western gramme of reorganisation and absorb­ America and Russia, as the main armour­ arms. He is convinced that with weapons ing new types of weapons." It said: ers, remain the final arbiters of the regional from both east and west, Egypt will have By 1977 or 1978 it could be more a power­ balance of power. But they have shown lit­ the quality a.nd quantity to gain the upper ful instrument than ever before. tle inclination to hold the arms race in check hand in any clash. this yea.r. In the west alone, the Arab states Egypt's most important source of western The article, from the March 24, 1976, have bought arms worth $12 b1111on since weaponry ls, of course, America. To reduce confidential foreign report of the Econo­ 1974, and have spent a further $4 blllion in congressional opposition, the Egyptian and mist, says "reliable military intelligence the Soviet block; Israeli purchases from the American gover~ents are thought to have sources" report that "supplies from the west total close to $5 billion over the same worked out a five-stage plan for American Soviet block have definitely not dried up, period. deliveries. The stages are as follows: April 1, 1976· EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9223

1. The delivery of six Hercules C-130 giant and is due to receive the F-16 when produc­ l\!IAMI'S ALAN COURTNEY ALWAYS DOES transport aircraft-(The basic details have tion is complete. Also on order: Tow anti­ HOMEWORK been published. but Israeli reports suggest tank missiles; 110.Lance surface missiles; the (By Ralph de Toledano) 1'~R-4 reconnaissance aircraft; Bell helicop­ that the planes will be equipped with ad­ WASHINGTON.-Alan Courtney is a kindly vanced eler:tronic equipment appropriat e for ters; Cobra 'fiying gunboats' equipped with anti-tanl.: missiles; Hawk anti-aircraft mis­ man, but his kindliness has the ironic tilt intelligence missions.) that comes with the wisdom of years. By 2. Communications equipment. siles; 'smart' bombs; Maverick and Redeye 3. Sophisticated electronic devices, includ­ night vision equipment. that, I mean that he is philosopher enough The Israelis are also expanding their do­ to know that gratitude as a quality of human ing decoy planes. nature is not in oversupply on this spinning 4. Full-track armoured vehicles, the Tow mestic armaments industry. After developing the Kfir fighter-bomber, the Israelis are pre­ planet. anti-tanl: missile, and Hawk anti-aircraft Night after night, he sits before the micro­ missiles. paring a new model and building a new 5. Some 20-40 jet fighter aircraft. There type of missile boat with an advanced version phone of Miami's most popular and respected are indications that Egyptian pilots have al­ of the Gabriel sea-to-sea missile. But the two radio talk show, discussing the books or the ready begun training with American instruc­ most significant new products in the making ideas of the famous, the near-famous, and are a new kind of helicopter designed for the would-be famous who pass through the tors in Saudi Arabia and Iran. city. The Egyptians have been looking for west­ anti-tank warfare and a new tank. This tank ern engines that could be built into 230 of will be specifically designed for desert war­ He takes the phone calls of the concerned, their Mig-2ls. The engines they woul_d most fare. It will have an American-made engine, the perplexed, or the downright kooky wit h like is the General Electric G- 17-19, which, a 105mm gun of local manufacture and an patience and equanimity-and the kindliness according to some aviation experts, could array of gadgets for protecting its crew disappears only when confronted by bigotry or viciousness. improve the aircraft's performance by 20 against atomic, biological and chemical war~ per cent. These engines are already used in fare. Other novelities include a range-finder He has been doing this for more years the Israeli Phantoms and are built into the guided by a laser beam, infra-red night sights than I care to remember, since I was on his Israeli Mirages. But the Egyptians may have ana a device for magnifying starlight. program when he ran a similar show in New to make do with French Atar engines; one York City. His listeners may disagree with of General Gamasi's prime tasks in Paris him, but none that I know hate him-though this week is no doubt to see how the French he deals with highly controversial people and would guarantee delivery. Gamasi is also subjects-except for the aforementioned MIAMI'S ALAN COURTNEY ALWAYS kooks and bigots. working out the background details for other DOES HOMEWORK deals that are expected to be concluded Recently, in a piece for TV Guide, Patrick when President Sadat visits Paris next Buchanan-one of the few really good people month; these include the purchase of 120 Bob Haldeman was not able to banish from Mirage F-1 fighter-bombers, 120 Franco­ the Nixon White House-paid brief tribute HON. J. HERBERT BURKE to Alan Courtney. I am adding my words German Alfa jets (for strikes against ground OF FLORIDA targets), 200 Gazelle helicopters, and tor­ because I believe that he should be on net­ pedo boats. IN TIIE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES work radio as a man who has helped to keep Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia are said to Thursday, April 1, 1976 the 1st Amendment alive in these United be chipping in $3 bllllon toward the cost States. of Egypt's arms purchases in the west, and Mr. BURKE of Florida. Mr. Speaker, Like many authors, I have been sent from the Arab oil states have also promised Egypt it is with extreme pleasure that I com­ time to time by my publishers on those back­ and Jordan the use of some of the advanced mend to you an article which recently breaking, sleep-killing, and mind-torturing weapons they have bought from the west in appeared in the March 25, 1976, edition tours to promote this or that book. It has the event of another war. Abu Dhabi itself of the Sun-Sentinel, a respected news­ always been a delight to be on Alan Court­ has spent $500m on 32 Mirage-5s, 18 Mirage ney's program. interceptors and a British Rapier defence paper in my congressional district, re­ Not, let me hasten to add, because he system. Kuwait, for a similar sum, has ac­ garding one of the best radio people-to­ and I agree on most subjects. I have been on quired 36 Mirage-ll!s for delivery this sum­ people broadcasters in America today. with others where there has been a similar mer, and 32 Mirnge F-ls. (It has also re­ This article gives me an opportunity to area of agreement. But, as I walked into the ceived Chieftain tanks from Britain.) add my voice to the multitude of fans studio, they have said to me, "I'm sorry, Saudi Arabia has bought 38 Mirage-Ills, of this great American whose name is but I just haven't been able to read your a mobile air defence system and 200 AMX book." And they conduct the interview on: Alan Courtney and to say thanks to him the basis of a few underlined sentences from tanks from France. From America, the Sau­ for his work to preserve our American dis wil receive 20 F-5B, 70 F-51, and 20 F-5F the jacket blurb, or from the notes prepared combat aircraft this year, and are said to way of life. He is a Constitutionalist ded­ by an assistant. have signed a secret agreement for 100 F-4 icated to exposing the pressure from the Alan has read the book and given it real Phantoms, 400 helicopters (mainly Bell), 26 left wing of the political spectrum whose thought. Or, if the person he is interviewing naval vessels, including missile boats, and purpose is to socialize America. is not an author, he has made himself con­ equipment for two complete military har­ I first met Alan Courtney when I first versant with the interviewee's ideas, hi.S. bours. By the end of 1976, Saudi Arabia will moved to Florida in 1949. He may not record. have received 1,000 American tracked vehi. He. is interested not in striking sparks, in cles and 1,000 Tow anti-tank missiles. remember the occasion, but he had an puttmg his guest on the hot seat, but in Libya, with 24 Soviet Mig-23s, 26 Sam bat­ open mike and was doing interviews at eliciting those ideas for the edification of teries and 1,000 T-62 tanks in hand, has Young Circle in Hollywood and I was his wide audience. bought 110 Mirage-Ills and 38 Mirage F-ls one of the people he interviewed. He was This is not unique, but it is rare. It be­ from France (with an option on a further concerned about Leftists in our country speaks a turn of mnd which is an adorn­ 50). The Libyans are now awaiting delivery then as he is today. My respect for, and ment to the medium of radio. And it adds a· of four missile boats that are under constn1c­ my admiration for, the work Alan Court­ dignity to radio which television, with its tion in Genoa and of French 'Daphne' type dependence on fiash, on the sword-thrust of submarines from Spain. ney does has grown over the years. the one-liner which amuses or destroys but Jordan has some 200 American-made M-48 For several. years he has been inter­ never educates, lacks. tanks, Hawk missiles, 36 F5-1 combat air­ ested in a national drive to enact legis­ I write this not to pat a friend on the craft delivered via Iran and a further 22 sup­ lation which I have introduced in the back-although I number Alan as one of plied directly from America. Congress which would amend the social my good friends-but because he and others Syria is exclusively supplied by the Soviet security law to remove the earnings limi­ like him do not get the national recognition block. Its current military strength consists tation on social security recipients. He they deserve. Once upon a time, the wise o! 425 fighter jets including 45 Mig-23s, has th:elessly collected petitions with money had written radio off as an important 2,100 tanks (including the new T-62), with thousands of· signatures and forwarded medium, but, today, it is alive and well and 500 more on order, over 1,000 heavy guns, making an important contribution. The wise more than 40 anti-aircraft missile batteries them to the chairman of the House ·ways money, as is often the case, was not so wise.· and 500 ground-to-ground Frog and Scud and Mean8 Committee for consideration. The radio talk show, when it is conducted missiles. Iraq has 250 combat plaJ!eS and The following article written by Ralph as Alan Courtney conducts it, is an important 1,100 tanks, all from the Soviet bloc. de Tolendano will help to introduce you and significant part of the journalistic What are -c;he israelis doing to keep up to this great American. It echoes my sen­ their side of the balance? Since 1973, Israel whole. Because it can last for up to four has spent $1.5 billion a · year on arms. In timents respecting this great man but hours with a single guest, it gives the listen­ 1976-77 it will have $2.5 billion ava.ilable·from even more it echoes the respect and senti­ er the kind of in-depth reporting which is America for defence shopping. ments of thousands of others who have impossible on TV and has gone out of style in Israel has alteady bought M-48 tahks for grown to love -and l'espect him for his many of our newspapers. delivery in 1977, and will start receiving the courage and good commonsense. The guest on a good radio talk show can­ M-60 In 1978. Its air force has F- 15 fighters The article follows: not indulge in verbal acrobatics. He must 9224 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1, 1976 answer questions, and answer them in suffi­ Twiggs to surrender to the Confederates. fact that the average American home­ cient detail to satisfy the interviewer. Stoneman refused, evacuated the fort, And not only the interviewer. The listener builder is by all standards a small busi­ has his chance to phone 1n, to confront the and with his men, sailed by steamer to nessman, the Federal agency entrusted author or the publlc figure With questions New York. General St.oneman further to "aid, counsel, assist, and protect the that cannot be brushed aside with a quip. distinguished himself as a cavalry soldier int.erests of small business concems"­ The people's "right to know" ls satisfied on in a raid on the Macon Railroad in July the Small Business Administration-has an Alan Courtney program-though It ls the 1864. He was made the Chief of the been derelict in its duties, at least with superficial superstars of the TV evening news Army of the Potomac. His leadership respect to the homebuilder. shows who prate endlessly about it. brought on the Battle of Williamsburg, When I first learned that the home­ The good radio talk show, of which Alan and his troops were engaged in the At­ Courtney's is one of the best, is reporting and builder was excluded from SBA loan as­ Journalism as it should be. A newspaperman lanta campaign deep in Confederate ter­ sistance and other programs, I wrote to father-not famous but conscientious In his ritory. St.oneman's cavalry soldiers par­ then Administrator Thomas S. Kleppe profession-taught me pride in the reporter's ticipated extensively in a raid in the to inquire about the reasons underlying trade. He and Alan Courtney would have Chancellorsville campaign, which in mil­ this policy. The response I received was gotten along fine. itary history has been held up as one of illuminating-homebuilders are engaged the most perfectly planned and executed in "speculation" and there!ore should battles. At Andersonville Prison his not receive loan assistance because they troops managed to liberate some prison­ might not repay their loans. It was in­ TRIBUTE TO GEORGE STONEMAN ers, but Stonem3-n himself was held credible how simple this rationalization ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, SAN MA­ prisoner for 3 months. He took part in was, but also how inequitable and unrea­ RINO, CALIF. the advances of the Union Army from sonable. Most homebuilders are :finan­ eastern Tennessee to southwestern Vir­ cially strong members in their commu­ ginia and North Carolina, and one of nities. If they are poor investors, they do HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT the closing events of the war, the Salt­ not remain in the homebuilding industry OF CALIFORNIA ville Raid. for long. A few years after the war, Stoneman IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There is nothing in existing law which retired from the service and settled in prohibits the SBA from granting loans Thursday, April 1, 1976 California. He purchased ranch prop­ to the small homebuilder-it is merely Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, one erty from B. D. Wilson, part of the Shorb a case of SBA-originated regulations. of the most significant activities of the estates, and it 1s there that the George Because I realize the important role that American Revolution Bicentennial cele­ Stoneman Elementary School stands to­ homebuilders play in local development bration is the recognition by each com­ day. He served as railroad commissioner efforts and meeting the needs of the munity of its own heritage and those dis­ for 6 years before becoming elected as Nation for more housing, I introduced tinguished citizens whose determined Governor of California. During Governor legislation that would permit the small spirit and outstanding achievements Stoneman's administration, the State homebuilder to receive SBA assistance, contributed to the American purpose. tax rate was lower than it ever had been just as other small businesses qualify. The grammar school which I attended in the history of California. Following The response to this initiative from my in my hometown of San Marino, Calif., his term as Governor, George Stoneman colleagues in this body has been very was named for an eminent American, a returned t.o his ranch in the area which strong, and I certainly appreciate their man of notable accomplishment, a sol­ is now San Marino to raise his four chil­ support. dier and a public servant, George Stone­ dren. A son, George John Stoneman, still Mr. Speaker, at this point I would like man. resides in the area, as does a grandson, Lo insert the names of my colleagues that Built in 1930, this small school with an George Stoneman II, and a great-grand­ have cosponsored my bill to provide SBA enrollment of approximately 200 stu­ son, George B. Stoneman, a doctor prac­ assistance to the homebuilder. Then in dents, has represented quality education ticing in the Los Angeles area. The first 1·esponse to many requests for the text and has upheld the fiber of our American George Stoneman spent his last years of the bill, I will have the proposal life by uniting students, teachers, and in his native New York where he died printed in full. Finally, I will insert a parents in the common goal for high in 1894. statement I gave before the SBA and achievement. The children of San Ma­ SBIC Legislation Subcommittee of the rino who live in the Stoneman School House Small Business Committee in sup­ district have received a rewarding educa­ ASSISTANCE TO NATION'S port of this legislation. tional experience. The beloved and re­ HOMEBUILDERS I recommend it to those who confuse spected Miss Helen Byfield was the first the average homebuilder with the huge principal of Stoneman School, and she land developer and those who do not was principal when I was there. Glady HON. JOHN J. LaFALCE understand why the Small Business Ad­ Ruth, Eleanor Pratt, and Eunice Jones OF NEW YORK ministration should give assistance to have served as principal, and today the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our Nation's homebuilders. students are under the able leadership Thursday, April 1, 1976 COSPONSORS OF HOMEBUILDER ASSISTANCE of Mr. William Langton. Bll.L In tribute to their school from the stu­ Mr. LA.FALCE. Mr. Speaker, the Nation There are at present three versions dents, teachers, and parents, a commem­ is beginning to recover from its worst of my bill introduced. The text of all orative Betsy Ross flag, which represents recession in housing in a great many three is identical-only the cosponsors the past, present, and future of the years. Housing starts have fallen way are different. I first introduced H.R. 9734 United States, has been flown over the oif, and the demand for decent housing without cosponsors. My colleagues who Nation's Capitol and is dedicated to the continues to far outstrip the available supported this initiative appear on two past, present, and future students of the supply. The recession has taken a terri­ later bills as cosponsors. George Stoneman Elementary School. ble toll on the construction trade as a H.R. 10633: Mr. ADDABBO, Mr. AUCOIN, The man for whom George Stoneman whole. In my district in west.ern New Mr. BADILLO, Mr. BALDUS, Mr. BEDELL, Mr. Elementary School was named was born York State, unemployment among the BREAUX, Mr. BURGENER, Mr. DOWNEY of at Busti, Chautauqua County, N.Y., on construction trades people has often ex­ New York, Mr. DUNCAN of Oregon, Mr. August 8, 1822. A graduate of the U.S. ceeded 50 percent. GOLDWATER, Mr. HARRINGTON, Mr. How­ i Military Academy he served in the Mex­ Another group that has been particu­ ARD, Mr. JENRETTE, Mrs. LLOYD of Ten­ ican War and spent time in Oregon, Ari­ larly hard hit is the Nation's homebuild­ nessee, Mr. MAZZOLr, Mr. l\fINETA, l\fr. N"o­ zona, and Texas before settling 1n Cali- ers. Adding to the problem. of high mort­ WAK., Mr. OBERSTAR, Mr. OTTINGER, Mr. fornia where he was G<>vernor from 1883 gage interest rates discouraging potential PATTISON of New York, Mr. SEIBERLING, to 1887. home buyers has been the difficulty home Mr. WmTEHURST, and Mr. WINN. While serving in Texas during the builders have exPerienced in acquiring H.R. 12096: Mr. BAFALIS, Mrs. BURKE Civil War, he was ordered by General necessary operating capital. Despite the of California, Mr. CLEVELAND, Mr. COCH- April 1, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMA~<.S 9225 RAN, Mr. DUNCAN of Tennessee, Mr. FU­ Construction firm receipts director, Roy Slade, are most commend­ QUA, Mr. GILMAN, Mr. HANLEY, ~Ir. HAN­ able and I ask unanimous consent to in­ NAFORD, Mr. HELSTOSKI, Mr. LoTT, Mr. Number of Percent of sert at this point in the RECORD an edi­ McCoLLISTER, Mr. MITCHELL of Mary­ Amount firms industry torial in the Washington Post of March land, Mr. PATTERSON of California, Mr. 27, 1976, concerning this important REGULA, Mr. RISENHOOVER, and Mr. WYD­ Less than $10,000 ______29, 889 6.82 American institution. LER. $10-24,999 ------53,893 12.31 The editorial follows: The text of the bill and testimony fol­ $25-49,999 ------78,298 17.88 ENCOURAGING AMERICAN GENIUS lows: $50-99,999 -----~------88,661 20.24 Among the unequalled collection of old H.R. 9734 $100-249,999 ------90,834 20.74 American paintings which until ?ecently had A bill to amend the Small Business Act t-0 been carelessly stacked in the dank basement Total less than $250, 000 ______77. 99 provide that determinations by the Ad­ of the Corcoran Gallery of Art was a portrait ministration of the reasonable assurance of its founder, William Wilson Corcoran. It of repayment of prospective loans be made I believe the figures will demonstrate that was the hP.ppy idea of the Corcoran's new on a case-by-case basis and to clarify the one should not confuse the home builder management to resurrect the memory of this eligibility of small business homebuilding with the land developer. Their financial unusual man, along with the paintings and firms for assistance under the Small Busi­ needs are different. The home builder is sculptures he collected as part of the gal­ ness Act generally thinly capitalized. When he pur­ lery's bicentennial celebration. A rags-to­ chases a plot of land and builds a few new riches businessman of Irish descent, Mr. Be it enacted by the Senate and House Corcoran was born in Georgetown in 1798. of Representatives of the United States of homes on it, be generally knows that the homes can and will be sold. Home builders He became a banker and in his 88 years had America in Congress assembled, That (a) more influence on both the republic and this Section 7(a) of the Small Business Act (15 who cannot make these kind of decisions do not remain home builders for very long. city than most people realize. In partnership U.S.C. 636(a)) is amended by inserting the with George Riggs, he became the financial following after the semicolon at the end Therefore, small home builders who have successful track records have clearly demon­ agent for the federal government. Corcoran & of the first clause; "or to finance residential Riggs sold the U.S. bonds which financed t""e housing construction or rehabilitation for strated their credit-worthiness. The small home builder is no more a speculator than Mexican War and made a killing in London sale or rental, including the acquisition and and Paris when the market for those bonds development of land;". the entrepreneur who runs a restaurant or a drug store, and most home builders have ex­ declined at home. Mr. Corcoran himc.:elf ( b) Section 7 (a) ( 7) of the Small Business served this city as a kind of latter-day Act {15 U.S.C. 636(a) (1)) is amended by in­ cellent financial records. Medici, bringing culture to the still uncouth serting at the end thereof the following new The point is that many small home build­ ers are unable to obtain loans from banks be­ capital and, in his later years, giving much of sentence: "Any determination made pur­ his fortune and most of his energy to "en­ suant to this para.graph shall be on a case­ cause of the modest size of their operation. courage American genius," as he put it. by-case basis.". This problem affects the small builder no less Although he freed his slaves seven years ( c) Section 18 of the Small Business Act so than other small businessmen attempting before the Emancipation Proclamation, Mr. (15 U.S.C. 647) is amended by inserting at to obtain bank financing, and like other Oorcoran's sympathies were with the South. the end thereof the following new sentence: small businessmen, the home builder needs When the storm broke, he moved to Europe "Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence help from time to time from some other with all his valuables, not to return unit! the this section shall not be construed to prohi~ source to make the financial arrangements necessary for the firm's economic well-being. Civil War was over. Much of his philanthropy bit activities by the Administration which and the energy with which he revived his involve borrowers who may, from time to The Small Business Administration was es­ gallery was aimed at impressing a suspicious time, take advantage o! other Federal pro­ tablished to meet the needs of all small busi­ federal government with his patriotism and grams in carrying out their business.". ness enterprises and it has not completely devotion to the entire nation. fulfilled its mission. No other agency or de­ All this is shown at the gallery, with a SBA ASSISTANCE TO THE SMALL HOME BUILDER partment of the federal government can pro­ reproduction of l\Ir. Corcoran's living room, (Statement of JoHN J. LAFALCE Before the vide the same kind of assistance to the small portraits of his-yes-13-year-old wife Subcommittee on SBA and SBIC Legisla­ businessman, be he restaurateur or builder, paintings, sculpture and memorabilia-ar{ tion of the House Small Business Commit­ and this most certainly includes the De­ exhibition, in short, whose effect is much tee, March 18, 1976) partment of Housing and Urban Develop­ like having a visit with the old gentleman. ment. H.R. 9734, H.R. 10633, and H.R. 12096 would A fascinating biographical essay in the cata­ I am sure you know a number of home log reinforces the acquaintance. enable the small home builder to receive builders in each of your districts and you loan assistance from the Small Business Ad­ Mr. Corcoran would, no doubt, be most know them to be small but reliable business­ pleased with the recent transformation of his ministration. I was very pleased with the men most often with very good financial reception my bill received from a sizable gallery. Only a few years ago, you may re­ track records. I think it is time Congress member, the Corcoran was not just in dire number of the members of the full commit­ overrode the SBA's exclusionary regulations tee as well as from the House in general. financial condition, but, to put it bluntly, a in this area, and adopted an amendment that mess. The building and its security were in In total, the bill now has over 40 cosponsors would ensure that the home builder, like and I think this strong support is well such bad shape that the trustees could not other small businessmen, is eligible to ob­ buy insurance for the collection. A misman­ warranted. tain SBA loans and assistance. Last year, I learned that the home builder aged, overpaid and oversized staff threatened regardless of his size, is precluded by SBA to overwhelm the exhibition program. An regulations from receiving loan assistance. infatuation with artistic fads and novelty I wrote to then Administrator Thomas s. caused the neglect of the gs.nery's unique Kleppe to determine why the SBA bad initi­ ENCOURAGING AMERICAN GENIUS treasures from the past. Tension within the ated such a policy of exclusion and was management rose to a terrible point. informed basically that home builders as a Within a remarkably short time a new c~ass are "speculators" and that SBA regula­ board of trustees, chaired by David Lloyd tions prohibit the agency from making loans HON. JOHN BRADEMAS Kreeger, and a new staff, directed by Roy that will provide funds for "speculation." OF INDIANA Slade, have managed to put Mr. Corcoran's I think it would be helpful to have in mind IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES house in order. The worst plumbing and financial leaks have been plugged. The gal­ for purposes of this discussion a profile of Thursday, April 1, 1976 the small home builder. Many people suffer lery ~alls have been painted in daring but pleasmg colors. The atrium, resplendent with ~mder the impression that the home builder Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, several velvet settees and posh ferns against a deep IS synonymous with the large land devel­ days ago I had the pleasure of visiting oper-this just is not so. According to Bureau green wall, reflects the spirit of the building the Corcoran Gallery of Art here in rather than the chaos of our time. Most of Census statistics from 1972, almost 80 % Washington and seeing the changes that of all construction firms engaged in residen­ important, the new display of the Corcoran's tial housing have less than $250,000 in gross have been made to improve this out­ collection of 19th-century American art is annual receipts. The typical home builder standing museum and in particular, to nothing short of stunning. It should once employs from one to five craftsmen and con­ enhance the capacity of the museum to and for all dispel the myth that American art display its American art. began in 1913 with the abstractions of the structs less than 20 units of housing a year. Armory Show and the Ashcan School. New To further outline precisely the extent to I think the strides that have been made acquisitions (Anne Truitt, Kenneth Noland which the home building industry is limited at the Corcoran Gallery of Art under the Helen Frankenthaler and Richard Dieben~ to small firms, let me include at this junc­ leadership of the chairman of its board korn, among others) demonstrate the con­ ture the following Census Bureau statistics: of trustees, David Lloyd Kreeger and its tinued vitality of American art. A "Washing- 9·226 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 1, 1976 ton Room," with rotating exhibits of local Miki, that the United States turn over all Japan, precisely because behind the scenes artists, keeps the Corcoran rooted in the com­ relevant information, including the names o! Mr. Kodama was tremendously 1n1luential munity. The privately catered Corcoran Cafe Japanese officials. For a few days Mr. Kissin­ with the leaders of the Liberal-Democratic offers a welcome improvement over the gov­ ger persisted in the position that to do so Party, haVlng helped, with our blessing, to ernment-issued chow dished out in the city's would ha.rm our relations with Japan. The put them in power. other museum cafeterias. All this would fa.ct, however, was that our refusal to make What now needs investigation is the United surely have pleased Mr. Corcoran. And this the data available was actually doing great States side of the relationship. Was Lockheed surely merits far greater public support than ha.rm to relations with Japan. Moreover, the really pursuing an independent policy or was it receives. subcommittee was threatening to subpoena it operating in intimate contact with at least The gallery's founder realized that if his the names from Lockheed, an action it finally certain segments of the United States Gov­ museum were to function it would have to took last Thursday. ernment? Is a time bomb ticking in Washing­ receive financial assistance from the federal Under these pressures, after a period of ton as well as Tokyo? government. But Mr. Corcoran often com­ watning, the State Department switched. to plained that this support was not forthcom­ a se~ond line of defense. Of course, we would ing because of his open sympathy for the turn over the names, Deputy Secretary of Confederacy. I! that was a. sin, he has surely State Robert S. Ingersoll told Senator Wil­ redeemed himself. Entirely on its own private liam Proxmire's Banking Committee, but only INCREASE FUNDING FOR DRUG resources the Corcoran Gallery of Art has now after the S.E.C. had completed its investiga­ TREATMENT become an Important national institution tion. This would take at least six months, he and in itself a worthy contribution to the informed an infuriated Mr. Proxmire. "American Genius.'' This new line proved so provocative to HON. LESTER L. WOLFF Japanese public opinion that the State De­ OF NEW YORK partment was forced to soften it immediately IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and o!Ier a. third rationalization for foot­ LOCKHEED COVERUP? dragging. Thursday, April 1, 1976 We are prepared to share the names with Japan on a confidential basis, President Ford Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, today on the HON. ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN wrote Prime Minister Miki, but only under floor of the House I spoke of the need for the Federal Government increase its OF NEW YORK conditions guaranteeing not only that there t.o would be no interference with the S.E.C. in­ funding for drug treatment. We have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vestigation but also that there would be no been asked to appropriate $1 billion in Thursday, April 1, 1976 unfair damage to the reputations of the offi­ aid to Turkey in return for the right to cials involved.. Ms. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, Lock­ operate our military bases. At the same Arrangements recently concluded provide time New York City is being forced to re­ heed's bribes to Japanese Government that Japanese agencies wlll not be permitted officials have been a matter of grave con­ to disclose the names of any officials unless duce their funding for the treatment of cern. It is more troubling to learn that and until the Government institutes legal heroin addicts who were hooked on the the names of the Japanese Government proceedings against them. Moreover, the Turkish heroin which was so prevalent officials who were bribed will not be dis­ United States w1ll test Japan's compliance on our streets several years ago. I think closed to the public. by only gradually transmitting the names. that we must divert the millions which Prof. Jerome Cohen, of Harvard Law These very strict conditions, which would are needed to rehabilitate the American prevent the Japanese Parliament from using citizens who were addicted to Turkey's School, a noted authority on Japan, has the information for its own investigation, raised serious questions about the mo­ have enraged broad segments of Japanese largest illegal export from the money tives of the Japanese and American Gov­ opinion. In view of the Japanese Govern­ which we are being asked t.o pay to the ernments in concealing these names and ment's dismal record in pursuing the legal Government of Turkey which lifted the the possible effect of this concealment responsibility of high officials implicated in ban on the production of opium. on the attitude of the Japanese people previous scandals, the Japanese people are I would like to bring an excellent ar­ toward the United States. Professor Co­ understandably skeptical that the names o! ticle on this issue which appeared in the any high officials bribed by Lockheed will be New York Times to my colleagues' atten­ hen's article, which appeared in the New made public in the near future, if at all. York Times on March 29 follows: tion. Mr. Roger Wilkins concluded in his Moreover, many have asked, should the article, "Surgery or Suicide": LOCKHEED COVERUP? United States try to tell the Japanese peo­ (By Jerome Alan Cohen) ple how they ought to use information essen­ There is no question that austerity is re­ tial to the cleansing of their own political quired to restore the fiscal health of both CAMBRIDGE, MAss.-Is the United States process? Is it !or us to determine how Japan the city and the state but the erosion of the Government covering up the full story be­ should weigh the confilcting claims, on the quaUty of life here has been one of the hind Lockheed's $12 million pa.yo!Is in one hand, of the need of the Parliament and major factors driving firms and people out of Japan? the people to avoid a. cover-up and, on the the city and undermining its fiscal stability. The suspicions of the Japanese people are other, the need to protect Japanese officials Drug based street crime is central to that increasing daily. ThLs is casting a pall on our from unfair publicity? decline. Thus while deep and painful fiscal vital relationship with Japan. Yet in the In the background, of course, lurks United surgery ls clearly required, indiscriminate United States little attention has focused on States concern that the Lockheed case if mis­ ha.eking at the entirety of the anti-drug uni­ our Government's strange behavior. handled might rock our most important ally's verse may ultimately prove to be more sui­ As the Lockheed scandal quietly began to Government out of office and confront Japa­ cidal than surgical. brew last fall, the State Department took nese democracy with its first great postwar the position that to release the names of crisis. I would like to associate myself with foreign Government officials involved would Yet our own Government's behavior seems the remarks of Mr. Wilkins and I ask harm our international relations. Indeed, in inexplicably to be compounding the risk by permission that the full article be re­ December, Lockheed's lawyer, former Secre­ increasing popular pressure upon the ruling printed in the RECORD at this point. tary of State William P. Rogers, prevailed party. [From the New York Times) upon Henry A. Kissinger to persuade the In Japan the suspicion is growing that the Federal District Court to prohibit the Secu­ United States has more at stake than meets SURGERY OR SmcmE rities and Exchange Commission from dis­ the eye. Two hypotheses have emerged. One (By Roger Wilkins) closing the names. is that the Central Intelligence Agency is in­ On a recent night on a quiet street in Fortunately, the court order could not volved in ways that our Government ts des­ Greenwich Village a group of middle-class bind Senator Frank Church's Subcommittee perately trying to suppress. The second is New Yorkers formed and grew rapidly a.round on Multinational Corporations, which in that Lockheed funds may have been laun­ a man who had Just been helped from the early February courageously exposed Lock­ dered in Japan and secretly funnelled into sidewalk and was standing befuddled, shak­ heed's large-scale bribery. Unfortunately it Richard M. Nixon's 1972 campaign fund in ing his head. He ls a doctor who had just did not require Lockheed executives to dis­ return for our ex-President's pressure upon been mugged at the doorway of his handso!lle close the names of implicated. Japanese Gov­ Japan to buy Lockheed. brick town house. ernment officials but only identifled private In opening the Lockheed hearings, Sena.tor There 1s clucking in the crowd, "Terrible," middlemen. Particularly in questioning by Church said that Lockheed had been pur­ says an elderly man. "Just awful," answers Sena.tbr Charles Percy, the subcommittee suing one foreign policy by supporting a a slender young woman in jeans. "You're not took elaborate precautions not to identify leading right-wing nationallst while the safe anywhere," the man says. "No wonder these officials. United States had been pursuing another by those companies a.re leaving town." The subcommittee's disclosure created an supporting a moderate Japanese Government Just about a hundred blocks uptown at the uproar in Japan and an unprecedented na­ that opposed the ultra.right. corner of 116th Street and Eighth Avenue tional demand, formally endorsed by the Actually, Lockheed made its payments to there is another kind of crowd. It ls the con­ Parliament and by Prime MinLster Takeo Yoshio Kodama, Lockheed's secret agent in stant mob of :floaters, dreamers, purposefully A'P'f'il 2, 1976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9227 lawless businessmen and corrupted children which seem to support that contention. For "brown heroin" also has been found "all over who constitute one of this city's mast notori­ example, the funds for the special prose­ the city" in varying quantities. ous open-air ma.rkets in dn1gs. There are lan­ cutor's office are projected to be down from By 1973, the addicted population had guid men with magic hands holding glassine $2.4 million las1; year to $1.1 million next year,· dropped to 14,200 in the city and five heroin­ ba.ga that pass from person to person and necessitating a. decrease in personnel from overdose deatbs were recorded, according to disa.ppear before the brain is sure what the 122 to 50. Dr. James Luke, District medical examiner. eyes have seen. These are women and chil­ Rehabilitation programs a.re also being But in 1974, overdose deatbs tota.Ied. 16, dren whose eyes are a.s blank as their drug­ slashed to the bone. State residential treat­ Luke said, and peaked at 32 in 1975. The first blotted minds. It is at once a. teeming bazaar ment programs, which were demonstrably two months of this year, he said, ha.s re­ and the ultimate in urban desolation. weak and outrageously expensive, have ap­ corded about the same level with six deaths. Those two street scenes in Manhattan, propriately been cut in the state budget by Dr. Robert L. DuPont, head of the National twelve local stops and light years a.pa.rt, are 64. percent, but the money has not been Institute of Drug Abuse, said recently that rigidly connected. The shoppers in the bazaar shifted to more effective efforts. Instead state heroin addiction ts increasing steadily uptown can require up to $400 per week to aid to local programs has also been cut--by around the country after an 18-month down­ feed their cravings. They suffer from being a whopping 32 percent. And, there are reli­ turn that started in mid-1972. junk-heap Americans: those citizens who a.re able reports that City Hall ls considering the ''The trend is now for a. worsening situa­ not needed by the economy just now or per­ total elimination of the $5.1 million in sup­ tion in heroin abuse,'' DuPont said. "The haps ever. The jagged edges and rancid smells port it provides local community-based epidemic is continuing. It never really of the places where America's affluent has treatment programs such as Phoenix and ended." never reached define their current and fu­ Odyssey Houses and Daytop Vlllage. DuPont estimated that there a.re 300,000 to ture lives, their sense of themselves and of There is no question that austerity is re­ 400,000 daily heroin users in the country their incredibly limited human connections. quired to restore the fiscal health of both today compared to 200,000 to 300,000 dur­ The drugs sop up the emptiness for a while the city and the state but the erosion of the ing the period of the downturn. The nwn­ and the quest for the money for them will be quality ot life here has been one of the major ber heroin users nationally DuPont added, carried. to any corner or the c·ty where it is factors driving firms and people out of the still has not reached the 1971 peak of 500,000 likely to be found. city and undermining its fiscal stability. to 600,000. New York's arteries are thus poisoned by Drug-based street crime is central to that DuPont said that he was not surprised by decline. Thus, while deep and painful fiscal the increase in addiction in Wash:tngton. joblessness, hopelessness and dope. The num­ surgery is clearly required, indiscriminate bers are getting worse. Dr. Robert I. Dupont, "I think the increase here is part o! a na­ director of the National Institute on Drug hacking at the entirety of the anti-drug uni­ tional trend," he said. verse may ultimately prove to be more What is disturbing, DuPont said, "is that Abuse, says that, though there was a dip in suicidal than surgical. heroin addiction during 1972 and 1973, the the District was very far down. It's coming recent upsurge to as much as 300,000 to I would also like to direct my col­ back from a. very low base; the trend is very 400,000 people nationwide demonstrate that leagues to the article which appeared in discouraging, very menacing," he asserted. the nation is in the grip of a co:::ltinuing the Washington Post today which ob­ Mexico, DuPont said, now supplies 90 per heroin epidemic. cent of the heroin used in the United States, Mexican heroin is gushing into the coun­ serves that heroin addiction is up 43 per­ a percentage that NTA's Powell said corre­ try and there are indications that Turkish cent in the District of Columbia. This is sponds to the amount of "bro\\11 heroin" in farmers are increasing their poppy crops. no time to reduce the Federal commit­ the District. With unemployment holding steady at cata­ ment to drug abuse treatment. I insert A recent National Institute of Drug Abuse strophic levels in the city's minority com­ Mr. Leon Dash's article at this point: report indicated that the price of absolutely munities-40 to 50 percent by some expert [From the Washington Post, Apr. 1, 1976] pure heroin went up from 95 cents a milli­ estimates-the market for the increasing gram in mid-1972 to $2.71 a milligram in late imports is strong. Sterling Johnson Jr., New D.C. HEROIN ADDICTS UP 43 PERCENT IN YEAR 1974, when the drug became scarce. Last York's special narcotics prosecutor, asserts (By Leon Dash) year, the price dropped to $2.34 when more that drug use in Manhattan is again reaching The number of heroin addicts in the Dis­ Mexican heroin became available. the record levels achieved in the early 1970's. trict of Columbia has increased by almost During the same period, the report stated, One of the people engaged in fighting the 43 per cent--from 7,000 to 10,000-in the past the strength or purity of heroin sold on the epidemic is an attractive, slender young black year, according to estimates prepared by the street increased from a low of 6 per cent to man who works as an undercover New York narcotics treatment administration. 12.3 per cent. City policeman and who risks his life on Although this estimate is well below the In a recent interview, District narcotics the streets of Harlem most working nights. peak addict population of 16,400 in 1972, the squad Det. Sgt. Walter Milam said the pur­ When asked why he persisted in that line figures show that heroin addicts here now ity of "a spoon" of heroin-or 1,700 milli­ of work, he said: "That's what I can do for number only 400 fewer than were estimated grams of a severely cut product--has in­ my brothers and sisters. I can fight to get in 1970. That year was followed by the creased from 1.1 per cent in 1972 to 5.5 per this poison off the streets. And there's a lot "heroin epidemic.. that engulfed Washington cent today. Milam explained that "a (tea) more brothers and sisters on the force who and the nation early tn the decade. spoon" of heroin is the measurement of one feel like I do, but they're cutting back be­ Dr. Fred R. West, director of NTA, said he dosage for the heroin addict. cause of the fl.seal crisis." thinks "the increase is due to an infiux of a NTA head West said the number of nar· Indeed, the fight against drugs is being cut new type of heroin, from :Mexico. "It's called cotic treatnient agency's patients had in­ back so sharply that a narcotics grand jury 'brown heroin,'" West said, "because of its creased in the past year from 1,400 to 1,956. which sat in Kew York from November to discoloration." West said the three major reasons for the January alleged in a special report that the George E. Powell Jr., NTA's statistician who increase in addiction is the higher percent­ decrease in enforcement personnel had put prepared the figures at the request o! The age of the drug's purity, a lower price and drug the traffic on "the semi-licit status of Washington Post, said most of the "brown a. larger supply. "Because o! the larger sup~ speakeasies during Prohibition and street­ heroin" is believed to end up in the Mount ply," West said, "the price went down $5 or walking in Times Square." There are figures Pleasant area of the city. But Powell said, $10."

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Friday, April 2, 1976 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Grant us grace fearlessly to contend Without objection, the Journal stands The Chaplain, Rev. Edwa1·d G. Latch, against evil and to make no peace with approved. D.D., offered the fallowing prayer: oppression; and, that we may reverently There was no objection. We know that in everything God works use our freedom. Help us to employ it in for good with those who love Him.­ the maintenance of justice among people Romans 8: 28. and nations to the glory of Thy holy :MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE name. Amen. Eternal God, with faith in Thee may A message from the Senate by Mr. Thy Spirit lead us as we labor together Sparrow,, one of its clerks, announced for the welfare e>f our country. Keep us THE JOURNAL that the Senate had passed without ever aware of Thy presence among us, amendment bills of the House of the around us t.nd within us. Give us wis­ The SPEAKER. The Chair has exam­ following titles: dom, love, and patience that Thy life ined the Journal of the last day's pro­ H.R. 1466. An act to convey certain fed­ may move through us for the good of ceedings and announces to the House his erally owned land to the Twentynine Palms our people. approval thereof. Park and Recreation District; and CXXII--583-Part 8