DOCSLIB.ORG

Public Assistance: the Growth of a Federal Function

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Public Assistance: the Growth of a Federal Function Public Assistance: The Growth of a Federal Function ADVISORY COMMISSION ON INTIRQOVERNMLNTAL RELATIONS Washington, D.C. a July 1980 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OWce, Wnshlngton, D.C. 20402 Foreword TheAdvisory Commission on intergovernmen- amine particular problems impeding the effec- tal Relations was established by Public Law 380, tiveness of the federal system. The 1976 renewal which was passed by the first session of the 86th legislation for General Revenue Sharing, Public Congress and approved by the President on Sep- Law 94-488, mandated in Section 145 that the tember 24, 1959. Section 2 of the act sets forth the Commission: following declaration of purpose and specific re- I11 sponsibilities for the commission: . study and evaluate the American federal fiscal system in terms of the allocation and Sec. 2. Because the complexity of modern coordination of public resources among fed- life intensifies the need in a federal form of eral, state, and local governments including, government for the fullest cooperation and but not limited to, a study and evaluation of: coordination of activities between the levels (1) the allocation and coordination of taxing of government, and because population and spending authorities between levels of growth and scientific developments portend government, including a comparison of other an increasingly complex society in future federal government systems. (5) forces years, it is essential that an appropriate agency likely to affect the nature of the American fed- be established to give continuing attention to eral system in the short-term and long-term intergovernmental problems. future and possible adjustments to such sys- It is intended that the Commission, in the tem, if any, which may be desirable, in light performance of its duties, will: of future developments. 1) bring together representatives of the federal, state, and local governments for the The study, The Federal Role in the Federal Sys- consideration of common problems. , tem: The Dynamics of Growth, of which the pres- 5) encourage discussion and study at an ent volume is one component, is part of the Com- early stage of emerging public problems that mission's response to this mandate. Staff were are likely to require intergovernmental co- directed to: (a) examine the present role of the fed- operation, eral government in the American federal system; 6) recommend, within the framework of (b) review theoretical perspectives on American the Constitution, the most desirable alloca- federalism, the assignment of functions, and gov- tion of governmental functions, responsibili- ernmental growth; and (c) identify historical and ties, and revenues among the several levels political patterns in the development and expan- of government. sion of national governmental domestic activities. Pursuant to its statutory responsibilities, the This case study on the federal role in public assis- Commission, from time-to-time, has been re- tance is one of seven prepared by Commission quested by the Congress or the President to ex- staff pursuant to this assignment. Abraham D. Beame Chairman Acknowledgements IV This volume was prepared by the Government dolph assumed the monumental task of preparing Structure and Functions section of the Commis- the manuscript. sion staff. Cynthia Cates Colella, analyst, had re- The contribution of Dr. Kirsten A. Gr~nbjergof sponsibility for the research and preparation of Loyola University of Chicago is much appreci- this case study. Other members of the Govern- ated. Dr. Gr~nbjergprovided significant criticism, mental Structure and Functions section including comments, and information. In addition, the re- Dr. David R. Beam, project manager, Timothy view and comments of Dr. Michael A. Colella Conlan, now of Harvard University, and Carol were extremely valuable. Full responsibility for Monica1 reviewed the manuscript and made help- content and accuracy rests, of course, with the ful suggestions. Delores Dawson and Arnette Ru- Commission and its staff. Wayne F. Anderson Executive Director David B. Walker Assistant Director Contents Introduction: The Matter of Definition and Scope Part I. The Sorry Roots of Public Assistance: Poor Law From Elizabeth I to Herbert Hoover Poor Law: The English Tradition Poor Law: The American Variation The Local Burden The Evolution of State Charity Seventy-Nine Years of Federal Denial The Changing Realm of Poverty: Crisis as Impetus for Growth Part 11. Reinterpreting The Welfare Clause: A Critical Redefining of the Nature, Scope, and Intergovernmental Aspects of Public Assistance, 1933-35 A New Definition of the Federal Role Altering the Structure of Intergovernmental Relations The Pervasive Myth of Temporary Assistance "Employables" vs. "Unemployables" Part 111. Federal Categorical Cash Assistance: From Presidential Initiative to Congressional Policy The Social Security Act of 1935: A Case of Dramatic Federal Expansion Prelude: Creation of the Administration's Bill Social Security in Congress Setting Up The Permanent Program: Administration and Grants, 1936-39 A Preliminary Assessment of the Social Security Act Forces of Nonincremental Growth The Peculiar Determinants of Public Assistance Policy Congress and the Expansion of Public Assistance: The Incremental Approach to Welfare Policy, 1939-78 1939 As a Year of Federal Expansion The War and Post-War Years, 1940-49 More Aid, Less Control: The Federal Paradox, 1950-52 Expanding Public Assistance During the Eisenhower Years Redirection in the Wake of Rediscovery: The Beginnings of Poverty Policy, 1961-63 The Great Society's Domestic War: Divorcing Public Assistance From Poverty Policy Welfare and the New Federalism: The Half-Life of Reform And, Carter So Far: Reorganizing Back to the Beginning Part IV. From Small Potatoes to Market Basket Welfare: The Special Case of Food Food Stamps in Limbo: The 18-Year Gap Agricultural Logrolling and the Birth of a Permanent Program USDA's Burgeoning Welfare Role: How a Different Kind of Welfare, In a Different Kind of Setting, With a Different Kind of Funding Grew Inauspicious Beginnings: The Initial Failure of the Food Stamp Program, 1964-67 "Hunger in America," 1967-68 Program "Explosion," 1969-78 Part V. Picking Up the Remnants of the Better Jobs and Income Plan: The Limits of Reform From H.R. 9030 to S. 3498 Barriers to Reform Presidential Proposal, Congressional Alternatives: Jimmy Carter, the 95th Congress, and Welfare Developing Reform Diluting Reform: A Case of Political "One-'Down'- manship" Killing Reform Welfare Reform in the 96th Congress: A Postscript Part VI. A Summary Assessment of the Federal Role in Public Assistance The Growth of Federal Cash Assistance Forces of Expansion: Influences on the Size and Scope of the Federal Role Policy Development Constraints on Federal Expansion: Fallacies, Presumptions, Costs, and a Powerless Clientele But, Not All Welfare is Created Equal: The Growth of Federal Food Assistance Forces Generating Greater Federal Involvement Policy Development Policy Constraints The Politics of Reform and the Future of Welfare I Actual Federal Outlays for Income Security, FY 1978 I1 Major Features of State Old Age Assistance Laws, January 1, 1935 I11 Major Features of State Aid to Dependent Children Laws, 1934 IV Major Features of State Aid to the Blind Laws, 1935 V Summary of Provisions of the Social Security Act Relating to Federal Grants to States for Major Public Welfare Purposes, 1935 VI Aid to Dependent Children in the Continental United States, 1932-38 35 VII Nonlabor Social Welfare Scale-Correlation with Party 37 VIII Federal Public Assistance Grants, Total to State Governments, Fiscal Years, 1953-1960 49 M Major Provisions of the Food Stamp Act of 1964, P.L. 88-525 80 X Food Stamp Program Overview, 1964-76 82 XI Food Stamp Recipients and Average Monthly Benefits, 1970-77 85 XI1 Program Design of AFDC, SSI, and Food Stamps, September 1977 94 XI11 How Do You Feel About Government Spending On 9 6 XIV Current AFDC and Food Stamp Benefit Levels for a Family of Four, 1979 112 XV Characteristics of State Plans for AFDC 116 I The Organizational Expression of the "Withering-Away" Fallacy I: Placement of the Bureau of Public Assistance, 1935, 1939, and 1953 4 6 I1 The Organizational Expression of the "Withering-Away" Fallacy 11: Replacement of the Bureau of Public Assistance, 1935-78 56 I11 Seasonally Adjusted Quarterly Average Number of Recipients, Food Stamps and Food Distribution Combined 84 IV Seasonally Adjusted Quarterly Average Number of Food Stamp Recipients, Public Assistance and Nonpublic Assistance Categories 86 Introduction: The Matter of Definition and Scope 1 There are a variety of ways in which federal income maintenance programs can be defined, divided, and delimited. At one end of the spec- trum, income maintenance is broadly character- ized in terms of federal income transfer programs. Approximately 182 in number and costing about $250 billion in fiscal year 1977, such programs run the gamut from the Wool and Mohair Pay- ments Program of the Department of Agriculture (USDA)' to the more traditionally "welfare" ori- ented Food Stamps Program also administered by USDA. In addition, at this broad definitional level are included not only cash transfers to persons with inadequate or no incomes but such indirect transfers as tax credits for child care which tend to be more beneficial to middle and upper income families than to the poor.2 A more narrow view of income maintenance is taken by the Office of Management
Load more

Recommended publications
  • John F. Kennedy, Richard M
    1 1960 Presidential election candidates John F. Kennedy, Richard M. Nixon, Democrat Republican 2 Campaign propaganda and the candidate’s wives Jacqueline Patricia 3 Kennedy Nixon John F. Kennedy Born on May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts World War II hero when he saved his crew after his PT boat was rammed by a Japanese destroyer in 1942 His father convinced him to enter politics; he was elected to the House of Representatives in 1946 and the Senate in 1952 Lost close bid for 1956 Democratic nomination for vice-president Wrote Pulitzer Prize winning novel “Profiles In Courage” in 1956 JFK was the second Catholic to run for President. Al Smith ran as the Democrat candidate in 1928 and lost. 4 Richard M. Nixon Born on January 11, 1913 in Yorba Linda, California Elected to the House of Representatives in 1946 Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1950 Known as a staunch anti-communist; investigated State Department official Alger Hiss, who was convicted of perjury Nixon Nominated for vice president in 1952 accepted by Dwight Eisenhower; won second the term as vice president in 1956 nomination for Won acclaim for “kitchen debate” president in with Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev 1960 in 1959 5 This was the first televised debate between presidential candidates. Nixon was unshaven and sweating, while Kennedy was tan and full of energy. JFK was considered by many to have won the debate which may have had contributed to his narrow electoral victory. Senator These chairs were used Vice President John F. Kennedy by nominees John F.
    [Show full text]
  • Take Three News & Notes
    Take Three News & NoTes Minnesotans on the national political stage The fourth volume of the series From America to Norway: Norwegian- The Contest: The 1968 Election and the War for America’s American Immigrant Letters 1838–1914, Soul by Michael Schumacher (Minneapolis: University of Minne- an index, is now available from the sota Press, 2018, 560 p., Cloth, $34.95). Two Minnesotans, Hubert Norwegian- American Historical Humphrey and Eugene McCarthy, loom large in the story of the Association, distributed by Univer- presidential election of 1968, a race that author Schumacher sity of Minnesota Press. The first describes as “one of the closest and most bitterly contested in three volumes of letters chronicled American history, conducted against a tumultuous backdrop that the experiences of the great number even today seems impossible.” The Contest is divided into four of Norwegians who left their home- “books,” covering the candidates, the primaries, the conventions, and the election. land for America in the nineteenth Drawing on his research in the Humphrey and McCarthy papers at MNHS, Schum- and early twentieth centuries. Vol- acher describes Humphrey as trapped by his position as vice president and reluctant ume 4 contains the indexes allowing to split from his boss, President Lyndon Johnson, on Vietnam: “He, more than any letters to be discoverable by sender, candidate, had become a symbol of the country itself, a casualty in the war for Ameri- recipient, place of origin, and des- ca’s soul. His plight was in full view during the week of the Democratic National tination. The volume also includes Convention, when McCarthy and his hopes for a new direction were crushed by the a thematic index and an extensive forces of the old politics and Humphrey, as leader of those traditional standards, index of biographical names.
    [Show full text]
  • Interview with Gene Reineke # ISG-A-L-2009-038 Interview # 1: December 7, 2009 Interviewer: Mark Depue
    Interview with Gene Reineke # ISG-A-L-2009-038 Interview # 1: December 7, 2009 Interviewer: Mark DePue COPYRIGHT The following material can be used for educational and other non-commercial purposes without the written permission of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library. “Fair use” criteria of Section 107 of the Copyright Act of 1976 must be followed. These materials are not to be deposited in other repositories, nor used for resale or commercial purposes without the authorization from the Audio-Visual Curator at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library, 112 N. 6th Street, Springfield, Illinois 62701. Telephone (217) 785-7955 DePue: Today is Monday, December 7, 2009. My name is Mark DePue; I’m the director of oral history at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library. I’m here this afternoon with Eugene Reineke, but you mentioned usually you’re known as Gene. Reineke: That’s correct, Mark. DePue: Why don’t you tell us where we are. Reineke: We’re here at my current employer, which is Hill & Knowlton, Inc. It’s a public relations firm, and we’re located at the Merchandise Mart in downtown Chicago. DePue: Which has a fascinating history itself. Someday I’ll have to delve into that one. We’re obviously here to talk about your experiences in the Edgar administration, but you had a lot of years working with Jim Thompson as well, so we’re going to take quite a bit of time. In today’s session, I don’t know that we’ll get to much of the Edgar experience because you’ve got enough information to talk about before that time, which is valuable history for us.
    [Show full text]
  • EL GAUCHO $81 'Fee' Increase
    EL GAUCHO $81 'Fee' Increase Vol. 48 - No. 111 Santa Barbara, California Monday, April 22, 1968 Approved by Regents By NINA PINSKY EG City Editor DAVIS—What Governor Reagan called a «sm all step that still confronts us*’ and what some Regents referred to as ‘ taxation with representation” resulted in an increased $81 student fee, passed Friday by the Board of Regents. The increase, which will bring an estimated additional $8 million to the University, as passed by a 17-6 vote after a two- hour discussion. Santa Barbara students will now pay $348 annually or $116 per quarter. Out of state student fees have also been increased by $400, so that at Santa Barbara out of state students will now pay $ 748 a year. Reasons for passage of the fee hike were attributed to a need to offset increases in fees for students in financial need, to add $2 to the $73 per quarter Incidental Fees, to supplement services performed by the Dean of Students Offices, and to give financial aid to those economically underprivileged students who could not normally attend the University. Broken down in terms of actual dollars, an estimated $3 million will offset the increase itself, an additional $600,000 will go toward the Incidental fees, $600,000 will be added to the Dean of Students offices, $3.725 million will be used for scholarships and their administration, and an estimated $1.7 million will go TWO PUSHERS-----Members of the winning Villa-Marina pushcart team round a curve on their way to toward increased revenues.
    [Show full text]
  • Albany Student Press 1968-04-22
    Friday, April 5, 1968 Page 16 ALBANY STUDENT PRESS APA Scores Over Potter, Vote For President In Choice '68 VttttC Voting In the National Collegiate Presidential' Pri­ referenda questions. Because the CHOICE '68 ballot ballot are: Fred Halstead (Soc. Worker), Mark O. Hat­ mary, CHOICE '68 at the University Is scheduled was printed several weeks ago, names of candidates field (Rep.), Lyndon B. Johnson (Dem.), Robert F. Ken­ Cops Commissioner sCup for today, tomorrow and Wednesday, April 22, 23 not now running remain listed. nedy (Dem.), Martin L. King (whose name cannot be SUu and 24. The polls will be open from 10-4 p.m. on all Foreign students are asked to punch the "foreign removed from the computer punch card), John V. Lind­ three days in the Campus Center Lobby and 4:30- by Duncan Nixon With Denny Elkln tossing in IB student" box on the ballot and not to punch any party say (Rep.), Eugene J. McCarthy (Dem.), Richard M. 6 p.m., Monday and Wednesday In the dinner lines on preference. This Identification Is for statistical purposes Sports Editor and Bill Moon 11, APA I roUed Nixon (Rep.), Charles H. Percy (Rep.), Ronald W. Rea­ to a decisive 44-35 win in the all four quads. only. gan (Rep.), Nelson A. Rockefeller (Rep.), Harold E. finals of the Commissioner's cup All students enrolled for credit at the University, Stassen (Rep.), George C. Wallace (Am. Indep.) including graduate .professional and part-time students', The CHOICE '68 ballot, composed by the national The ballot is formulated so that first, second and Tournament last Tuesday.
    [Show full text]
  • 1968: a Tumultuous Year
    Page 1 of 6 1968: A Tumultuous Year MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Terms & Names An enemy attack in Vietnam, Disturbing events in 1968 •Tet offensive •Eugene McCarthy two assassinations, and a accentuated the nation’s •Clark Clifford •Hubert Humphrey chaotic political convention divisions, which are still healing •Robert Kennedy •George Wallace made 1968 an explosive year. in the 21st century. CALIFORNIA STANDARDS One American's Story 11.9.3 Trace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and domestic) On June 5, 1968, John Lewis, the first chairman of of the Cold War and containment the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, policy, including the following: • The era of McCarthyism, instances fell to the floor and wept. Robert F. Kennedy, a lead- of domestic Communism (e.g., Alger ing Democratic candidate for president, had just Hiss) and blacklisting • The Truman Doctrine been fatally shot. Two months earlier, when Martin • The Berlin Blockade Luther King, Jr., had fallen victim to an assassin’s • The Korean War bullet, Lewis had told himself he still had Kennedy. • The Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis And now they both were gone. Lewis, who later • Atomic testing in the American West, became a congressman from Georgia, recalled the the “mutual assured destruction” lasting impact of these assassinations. doctrine, and disarmament policies • The Vietnam War • Latin American policy A PERSONAL VOICE JOHN LEWIS REP 1 Students distinguish valid arguments from fallacious arguments “ There are people today who are afraid, in a sense, in historical interpretations. to hope or to have hope again, because of what HI 1 Students show the connections, happened in .
    [Show full text]
  • Eugene Mccarthy
    Eugene McCarthy Folder Citation: Collection: Records of the 1976 Campaign Committee to Elect Jimmy Carter; Series: Noel Sterrett Subject File; Folder: Eugene McCarthy; Container 87 To See Complete Finding Aid: http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/library/findingaids/Carter-Mondale%20Campaign_1976.pdf M~~ARTHY'76 ° ... __ ----.____ . ___ _ EUGENE McCARTHY OF MINNESOTA, INDEPENDENT CANDIDATE"'30R THE PRESIDENCY , >MA-_, It\~ Ul"""'- 0 F THE UNITED :~~TES, IS S~PPORTED BY CITIZENS ALL AROUND THE COUNTRY WHO ARE· TIRED OF TWO-P~~T¥__£AILURES<AND WHO WANT )~'\.[...-~ A POSITIVE ALTERNATIVE IN '76, :\- . GENE McCARTHY SERVED FOR TEN YEARS 'I. IN THE Hous~OF REPRESENTATIVES AND FOR TWELVE YEARS IN THE U.S. SENATE, HE HAS BROAD EXPERIENCE IN ECONOMICS AND FOREIGN POLICY, THE TWO MOST CRITICAL SUBJECTS A PRESIDENT MUST DEAL WI TH, LONG BE,F0~7E IT WAS POPULAR TO DO SO, HE OPPOSED THE WAR IN , ; VIETNAM AND ABUSES OF POWER BY THE WHITE HOUSE, THE FBI, AND THE CIA. Mct'ARTHY HAS SPECIFIC PROPOSALS FOR JOB CREATION AND FOR FIGHTING INFLA~~· (_~)HAS LONG FAVORED REDUCTION OF MILITARY SPENDING, HE HAS A DE~P"'C~\r,1.ISMENT TO THE BILL OF RIGHTS AND THE OTHER CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES\)..OF OUR POLITI.CAL LIBERTY, -·~ WE ARE;'WORKING TO PLACE EUGENE McCARTHY'S NAME ON THE BALLOT IN '\,~ -; -.. -·.~; !p ALL.~IFTY St~TES AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, JOIN us+ I WANT TO VOLUNTEER FOR GENE McCARTHY'S CAMPAIGN, ·" NAME 0 ADDRESS S) T~~~~~E~ L ___ , ' ' . 0 Ef~E~~~;.1 ~~-"'lO~MceA'fffltY-.£76-;;~~omNEt:TTt:'OT-AVE-:-';-Mt;-W~A rRGTOR;- 0 --f)-:{~-£"603:6:;~€i1fr'ft)'ft-B,_Hc€A~TH¥--'16i-M'"'T-MON'ft0!7-f~!AStm'!ft~t----~-- ( PLEASB RETURN TO McCARTHY ''16, · 1440 N STREET, .,NW, WAS~INGTON, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Interdependent Food Stamp Program Participation And
    l i GIANNINI. FOUNDATION OF AGRICULTURAL ~l....._iJcP'I..- UNIVERSl1Y OF ECONOMICS I ,~. i I CALIFORNIA ' '~. ,,·,·: .. I'-~tudy Qf the · ·•/c;\:{"tnterdep~nden~ . Food iStam/i, Prog1am Pai,tici]lat~on.tmd. Foodnemand :Decisions " "t~. Christine K. Ranne~ John E. Kushman · Foundatio~ Research Rel>ort No. 336 1 · Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources ; i PRINTED;MARCH 1987 The authors are: Christine K. Ranney John E. Kushman Assistant Professor Professor Department of Agricultural Economics Department of Agricultural Economics Cornell University University of California, Davis and Agricultural Economist Giannini Foundation The Giannini Foundation Research Report Series is designed to communicate research results to specific professional audiences interested in applications. The first Research Report was issued in 1961 as No. 246, continuing the numbering of the GF Mimeograph Report Series which the Research Report replaced. Other publications of the Foundation and all publications of Foundation members are listed in the Giannini Reporter issued periodically. Single copies of this Research Report or the most recent Giannini Reporter may be requested from Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications, 6701 San Pablo Avenue, Oakland CA 94608. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are indebted to Sylvia Lane for her role in dividuals in those units. Instead, we express our motivating and initiating this research and to Barbara appreciation for the work these units routinely tum Zoloth for helpful suggestions. Gordon King wen{ out. beyond the customary role af editor in assisting us at The research reported here was supported by various stages, and Carole Nuckton made editorial Regional Research Project NC152, the University of improvements. The data and the manuscript passed California at Davis Public Service Research and through too many hands in the Data Services and Dissemination Program, and Research Agreement Word Processing units of the Department of No.58-9AHZ-l.14 with the Western Human Nutri­ Agricultural Economics, U.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Concerns Workshops Inc
    LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE LIBRARY This document is made available electronically by the Minnesota Legislative Reference Library as part of an ongoing digital archiving project. http://www.leg.state.mn.us/lrl/lrl.asp , L~r~jIfllil 1111/1/11/1III/IIIIII/IIII/II! 3030700041 8049 Urban Concerns Workshops Inc. ~120 Le 1091 ,U75 PREFACE As a part of the Bicentennial Celebration, URBAN CONCERNS WORKSHOPS INC. developed PROJECT 120. The idea behind the pro­ gram was to give one hundred and twenty Minnesota high school juniors and seniors the opportunity to see Minnesota government in operation. With a grant from the Minnesota Bicentennial Commission and the Minnesota Government Learning Center, URBAN CONCERNS WORKSHOPS INC. took six groups of twenty students to the Minnesota Capitol during the 1976 Legislative Session. The students had the opportunity to observe the Legislature in opera­ tion for one week, meet with state elected officials, Congressmen, Legislators, lobbyists, reporters, and legislative staff members. Representatives of both political parties talked with the stu­ dents and mock precinct caucuses were conducted. Each student also had the chance to visit with his or her legislator. With the success of the 1976 program, URBAN CONCERNS decided to continue the program even after the Bicentennial Celebration was over. Funded by the Minnesota Government Learning Center and individual contributors, the 1977 program was expanded. Even though the name remains PROJECT 120, one hundred and sixty Minne­ sota high school juniors and seniors will go to the Capitol in 1977. Instead of six weeks the program will run eight. More emphasis will be placed on what the students can do when they return home.
    [Show full text]
  • Statistical Abstract of the United States
    7. SOCIAL SECURITY [Data in this section relate to continental United States, Alaska, and Hawaii, except as noted] GENERA! NOTE Old-age and survivors insurance.—Federal old-age and survivors insurance, administered by the Social Security Board under the Social Security Act as amended in August 1939, covers employment in industry and commerce. Specified employments are excepted, notably agricultural labor, domestic service in private homes, services for government and for certain types of nonprofit organizations, services for railroads and certain of their subsidiaries and affiliates, and self-employment. In January 1940, monthly benefits became payable to qualified workers at age 65 and also to certain dependents of beneficiaries and certain survivors of insured workers. Benefits are based on the legally defined average wage of the insured and are paid from the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, to which is appropriated annually an amount equal to the total taxes paid by employers and employees under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act. Employment security.—The Federal-State unemployment compensation program provides for pay- ments to insured industrial and commercial workers who are able to work but unable to find jobs. Contribu- tions, based on wages, are paid by employers, and in some States also by employees, to provide funds to be used solely for the payment of benefits, which are based on prior employment and wages. Under the Social Security Act the Social Security Board has two statutory responsibilities in
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form
    NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 (March 1992) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. X New Submission _ Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing New Deal-era Resources of Kansas B. Associated Historic Contexts The KERC and the New Deal in Kansas C. Form Prepared by name/title Elizabeth Rosin, Partner, assisted by historians Jon Tavlor and Cathv Ambler. Ph.D._______________ company Historic Preservation Services. LLC___________________________________________ street & number 818 Grand Boulevard, Suite 1150_______ telephone 816\221-5133_______________ city or town Kansas City_______________________ state MO zip code 64106 D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 and the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation. [ ] See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Signatjdfe^ind title c^f certifying official /"") Date State or Federal agency and bureau Kansas State Historical Society I hereby certify that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National Register as a basis for evaluating related properties for listing in the National Register.
    [Show full text]
  • Finding Aid Was Produced Using Archivesspace on March 01, 2021
    Button, Daniel Evan; Papers apap231 This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on March 01, 2021. M.E. Grenander Department of Special Collections & Archives Button, Daniel Evan; Papers apap231 Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................... 3 Biographical History ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Scope and Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Arrangement of the Collection ...................................................................................................................... 5 Administrative Information ............................................................................................................................ 5 Controlled Access Headings .......................................................................................................................... 6 Collection Inventory ....................................................................................................................................... 7 HR, Legislation and Bills ............................................................................................................................ 7 Subject Files .............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]