INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)
September, 2019
Project Number: 49026-003
LOAN 3634 & 3635 - VIE Basic Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth in the North Central Provinces Sector Project (BIIG 2)
SUBPROJECT: ROAD CONNECTING CUA VIET PORT WITH THE EASTERN COMMUNES OF TRIEU PHONG – HAI LANG DISTRICT AND THE CENTER OF SOUTHEAST ECONOMIC ZONE
Prepared by: Quang Tri Provincial People’s Committee to the Asian Development Bank
CURRENCY EQUIVALENT June 24, 2019
Currency Unit - VND 1.00 dong = $0.000043US dollar 1.00 US dollar = 23,255VND
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB - Asian Development Bank PAH - Project Affected Household BOD - Biological Oxygen Demand COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand DCST - Department of Culture Sport and Tourism DOC - Department of Construction DOH - Department of Health DONRE - Department of Environment and Natural Resources DOLISA - Department of Transport Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs DOT - Department of Transport DPI - Department of Planning and Investment EA - Executing Agency ECC - Environmental Compliance Certificate EIA - Environment Impact Assessment EMP - Environment Management Plan EERT - External Emergency Response Team ECO - Environmental Officer ERT - Emergency Response Team ERTL - Emergency Response Team Leader ESU - Environmental and Social Unit GMS - Greater Mekong Sub-Region GOV - Government of Viet Nam IA - Implementation Agency IEE - Initial Environmental Examination PMSCD - Project Management Support and Capacity Development MOLISA - Ministry of Transport Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs MONRE - Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment NGO - Non-Government Organization O&M - Operation and Maintenance PAM - Project Administration Manual PMU - Project Management Project PPC - Provincial Peoples Committee PSC - Project Steering Committee SO - Safeguards Officer UXO - Unexploded Ordnances LISC - Project Implementation Supporting Consultant
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
km - Kilometer kg - Kilogram ha - Hectare m - Meter
NOTES
In this report, "$" refers to US Dollars.
This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the "terms of use" section of this website.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...... 1 A. Subproject Description ...... 1 B. Environmental impacts and mitigation measures ...... 2 C. Implementation arrangement ...... 3 D. Conclusion ...... 4 II. INTRODUCTION ...... 6 A. Objectives of the Subproject ...... 6 1. Basic Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth of Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh and Quang Tri. 6 2. Subproject ...... 6 III. POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK...... 7 A. ADB Safeguard Policies ...... 7 B. Legal Framework for Environmental Protection in Vietnam ...... 7 IV. DESCRIPTION OF SUBPROJECT ...... 9 A. Rationale of Subproject ...... 9 B. Location and Scope ...... 9 C. Cost Estimate ...... 18 V. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT...... 19 A. Physical Environment ...... 19 1. Topography, Geology and Soils ...... 19 2. Weather, natural disasters and climate changes ...... 19 3. Hydrology ...... 20 4. Surface and underground water ...... 21 5. Air quality and Noise ...... 22 B. Biological Environment ...... 22 1. Forestry ...... 22 2. Agriculture...... 23 C. Land use status in the subproject area ...... 24 D. Socio-Economic conditions and infrastructure ...... 24 E. Archaeological, historical and cultural monuments ...... 26 F. Main environmental characteristics ...... 26 VI. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 28 A. Potential impacts and mitigation measures during the pre-construction phase ...... 28 1. Land acquisition and resettlement ...... 28 2. Impacts of Unexploded ordnance (UXO) ...... 29 B. Potential impacts and mitigation measures during construction phase ...... 29 1. Dust and exhaust fumes due to construction activities ...... 29 2. Impacts on surface and underground water quality ...... 31 a. Due to stormwater runoff through the construction sites ...... 31 b. Impacts due to domestic and construction wastewater ...... 32 c. Impacts on surface and underground water quality due to solid waste on construction sites 32 3. Impacts on water and soil quality due to hazardous waste generation and disposal ...... 34
Page | i
4. Noise and vibration generated in the construction process ...... 35 5. Impacts by the influx of construction workers ...... 36 6. Health and safety risks for workers and local people ...... 37 7. Find chance- detection of heritages during construction and measures ...... 38 8. Site-specific impacts during construction ...... 38 C. Potential impacts and mitigation measures in the operation phase ...... 39 1. Risk in traffic safety in the upgraded road ...... 39 2. Noise and vibration impacts, changes in dust levels or air quality from increased traffic volumes ...... 39 VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURES AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 41 A. Preparation of community consultations ...... 41 B. Information Dissemination During Public Consultation ...... 41 C. Public Consultation Results ...... 42 VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 44 A. Purpose of the mechanism ...... 44 B. Grievance redress process ...... 44 IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS ...... 46 A. Implementation Arrangement ...... 46 B. Mitigation measures ...... 48 C. Environmental Monitoring ...... 62 1. Compliance monitoring ...... 62 2. Environmental Effect Monitoring ...... 62 D. Reporting ...... 68 E. Capacity Building...... 69 X. EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN ...... 71 F. Warning procedures ...... 72 G. Emergency Preparedness Cases ...... 73 XI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 75 XII. ANNEXES ...... 76
Page | ii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. The correlation of the subproject with surrounding objects ...... 12 Table 2. Sources of construction materials ...... 15 Table 3. Summary of material quantity of the Subproject ...... 16 Table 4. Summary of earthworks quantity in the subproject ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 5. Construction Schedule ...... 18 Table 6. Estimated budget of the subproject ...... 18 Table 7. Hydrological survey results of bridges on the route ...... 20 Table 8. Analysis results of surface water quality in the subproject area ...... 21 Table 9. Analysis results of groundwater quality in the subproject area...... 22 Table 10. Results of ambient air quality analysis in the subproject area ...... 22 Table 11. Main agricultural products at the subproject areas in 2016 ...... 23 Table 12. Land use in the subproject districts, 2016...... 24 Table 13. Summary of socio-economic conditions of the subproject communes ...... 24 Table 14. Summary on main sources of water for drinking and washing ...... 25 Table 15. Sensitive receptors ...... 27 Table 16. Summary of land acquisition impacts ...... 28 Table 17. Noise levels from construction machinery ...... 35 Table 18. Vibration levels from construction equipment and machinery ...... 36 Table 19. Summary of public consultation during the preparation of IEE, RP ...... 41 Table 20. Public consultation plan ...... 42 Table 21. Main issues and information from local authorities ...... 42 Table 22. Main environmental concerns from public consultation...... 43 Table 23. Responsibilities for EMP implementation ...... 46 Table 24. Detailed plan on environmental impact mitigation measures ...... 49 Table 25. Environmental Compliance Monitoring ...... 62 Table 26. Environmental Effect monitoring ...... 66 Table 27. Reporting procedures ...... 68 Table 28. Estimated cost for EMP implementation ...... 69 Table 29. Capacity Building Program ...... 69 Table 30. Roles and responsibilities in emergency cases ...... 71 Table 31. Evacuation Procedure ...... 73 Table 32. Procedure of emergency responses ...... 73 Table 33. Response procedure in case of fire and explosion ...... 74
Page | iii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Locations of the subproject districts in Quang Tri map ...... 5 Figure 2. Location of Subproject road ...... 10 Figure 3. Main route from Km0+00 - Km1+00 ...... 10 Figure 4. Main route from Km11+00 - Km12+00 ...... 11 Figure 5. Main route from Km14+00 - Km15+00 ...... 11 Figure 6. Typical cross-section of the route ...... 14 Figure 7. Simulation results of dust impact at Km14+00 - Km16+00of the main route ...... 30 Figure 8. EMP Implementation Organization Chart ...... 48 Figure 9. Expected sampling locations ...... 67
Page | iv
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. The Basic Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth of Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh and Quang Tri Project will be invested to implement the socio-economic development plan in the provinces of the North Central Coast. The project is in line with the GOV's strategy of investing concessional ODA loan for poor provinces by using economic sub-regions to identify linkages and synergies among the provinces with regard to accelerate the economic growth which has lagged behind in recent time. 2. The Project consists of three outputs: (i) Improved transport infrastructure; (ii) improved production and business infrastructure; and (iii) decentralized management process of public asset. A. Subproject Description 3. The “Road connecting Cua Viet port with the Eastern communes of Trieu Phong – Hai Lang districts and the center of Southeast Economic Zone” is the representative subproject for Output 1: Improved connectivity within value chains and their support infrastructure. The construction scope is in 02 districts of Hai Lang, Trieu Phong and stretching through Trieu Son commune (Trieu Phong district); Hai Ba, Hai Que, Hai Duong communes (Hai Lang district) with the total length of 36km, including the following routes:
• The main Trieu Phong – Hai Lang inter-district road has a total length of 16.3 km. the starting point (Km8+200) is located on District road DR.41 at the intersection between DR.41 and DR.43 (Can market) in Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong district; the ending point Km16+249.41 intersects with Nh.49C at Km23+800 in Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district. • The first branch is located in Hai Ba commune, consists of 06 sections with the total length of 9.7 km. • The second branch is located in Hai Que commune, consists of 02 sections with the total length of 3 km. • The third branch is located in Hai Duong commune, consists of 06 section with the total length of 7.1 km.
4. The proposed road is Category IV plain road in compliance with TCVN 4054-2005. The construction standards are as follows:
(i) Design velocity: 30 km/h; 60 km/h (ii) Width of embankment: 5 m; 6.5 m; 9.0 m (iii) Width of pavement (carriage way): 3.5 m; 7.0 m (iv)Width of shoulder: 2 x 0.5m; 2 x 0.75m; 2 x 1m (v) Horizontal gradient (%): 2% (vi)Maximum longitudinal gradient (%): 6%; 9% (vii) Pavement structure : Asphalt concrete
5. For bridge slabs with aperture from 4.0 m to 6.0 m shall be newly designed by bridge slabs with aperture of 6.0 m; The irrigation bridge on PR.583 was built long time ago and deteriorated with narrow width (3.7 m), thus a new bridge slab is designed with the aperture of 8.0 m; For irrigation bridge on repaired section of the main route: there is an existing bridge slab
Page | 1 with 02 spans, each span has the length of 6.0m, thus, bridge slab on the new section is designed with an aperture of 12.0m. 14 slab bridges are newly designed all over the route. B. Environmental impacts and mitigation measures 6. Based on a Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA), the Project has been categorized as B (Cat.B) in respect to environment as it has a few potential significantly adverse impacts and none of them are irreversible. The initial environmental concerns are alteration of the landscape by road formation including hydrology alteration of surface water in waterways crossed by the road. 7. The IEE has been prepared for screening and evaluating impacts, and proposing mitigation measures in EMP covering three phases of the subproject implementation: design and pre-construction, construction and operation; and setting out institutional arrangements in need to ensure that the EMP will be implemented. 8. In the design and pre-construction phases, the potential issue that have been identified are (i) disturbance of UXO; and (ii) land acquisition and resettlement. To minimize the first impact, the PMU will coordinate with the related agencies to identify any remained UXO and engage a contractor to be authorized for UXO clearance. For the second impact, to minimize impacts on income and disturbance of local people, the PMU will check and review the land acquisition and resettlement procedure before the commencement of construction to ensure that all affected households receive compensation adequately in accordance with the GOV and the ADB safeguard policies. 9. In the construction phase, potential negative environmental impacts include: (i) air pollution by dust and exhaust fumes from removing surface mud and excavated soil; dredging drainage canals; transporting soil and sand for filling; transporting and loading construction material; and operation of construction machinery like graders, rollers, compactors etc.; (ii) The impacts on the soil environment and (iii) water environment: deterioration water quality from waste water from rainwater runoff; domestic wastewater of construction workers; waste water for washing machinery and tools etc. And (iv) solid waste and (v) hazardous waste generation from construction and workers camp. Non-waste impact sources are (i) noise and vibration from operations of transport vehicles and construction machinery; (ii) impacts by the influx of construction workers that may cause social disturbance; (iii) impact on local traffic and other community infrastructure facilities; and (iv) health and safety risks for workers and local people. 10. In order to mitigate these impacts, mitigation measures should be implemented: (i) Contractors will apply the mitigation measures to mitigate the dust impacts by spraying water and cover the truck to avoid dust; (ii) propose store construction materials, excavated soil and construction spoil in temporary storage, (iii) The waste will be collected and managed as QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, QCVN 40:2011/ BTNMT. (iv) Store lubricants, oils, paints and other hazardous materials in designated roofed areas with impervious floors at least 50m from water bodies, place sediment ditches or silt fences in suitable locations to avoid runoff, erosion and siltation in to the water bodies; (v) Use proper types of construction machines to ensure noise and vibration levels in accordance with QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT and QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT; (vi) a construction traffic plan indicating the timing of vehicle journeys to avoid peak traffic hours, when people get to work, pupil goes to school and back home. (vii) hire and train local workers on safety and sanitation; (viii) arrangement of workers’ camps and facilities as agreed by local community and approved by the PMU. 11. In the construction phase, the specific impacts caused by the subproject are identified as follows: (i) Impacts on local transport: a large volume of soils, sand, stones, construction materials and machinery shall be transported to the expected construction locations. This greatly causes the increase of traffic volume on the routes, affecting the traffic circulation, congestion in
Page | 2 peak hours and potential risks of traffic accidents. The densely populated areas that have construction sections (length from 200 - 1000 m) such as Can market (starting point) in An Luu hamlet, Chua, Lang hamlets – Linh Chieu village, Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong district; Hai Ba commune, Hoi Yen hamlet, Tan Lap village – Kim Long village, Hai Que commune, Kim Giao, Dien Khanh, Dong Duong, Co Luy, Xuan Vien villages of Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district. (ii) Local flooding: The construction of roads without rain, the amount of excavated and backfilled soil and rock may prevent the discharge of wastewater surrounding the construction site in rainy days, creating pits and ditches during the culvert and roadbed construction, causing local flooding points, limiting the travel of the local people, road users’ safety and especially affecting the progress and quality of the works. This impact has occurred with many road construction projects in many other localities in recent years. 12. In order to minimize these particular impacts, there will be Contractor's Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) including traffic management plan to avoid rush hours and appropriate diversion plan to avoid traffic congestion due to the subproject activities to traffic participants. The installation of sign boards to announce construction sites and other dangerous warnings; the preparation of emergency response plan in case of incidents; the periodic maintenance of roads to ensure people's traffic; the restoration of affected and damaged roads before completing works; and the arrangement of sign boards to limit the load of vehicles transporting materials on roads to the construction areas will be maintained. At the same time, for small streams, the Contractor will excavate temporary canals to serve drainage and avoid flooding affecting local people. 13. In addition, the construction of the bridges affects surface water in the construction sites because it may affect the water flow and increase the turbidity in canals/ditches in the Subproject areas, however the construction time of the bridge piers and abutments takes as short as about 6 months in dry season and the construction completes section by section; appropriate construction measures are applied; therefore, this impact is considered MEDIUM and can be mitigated. 14. During the operation phase, potential negative impacts are mainly relating to the increase of traffic and density of vehicles and risks of traffic unsafety. To mitigate negative impacts, Quang Tri Department of Transportation (DOT), which is responsible for managing the subproject during the operation phase, will cooperate with the People's Committees of Trieu Phong and Hai Lang districts and People's Committees of the communes to maintain the road periodically and coordinate with the traffic police to control speed and trucks on the roads, especially locations near the residential areas. 15. An EMP with details of stakeholders’ responsibilities for implementation of mitigation measures in Subproject’s construction and operation was prepared under this IEE. C. Implementation arrangement 16. Quang Tri Department of Planning and Investment will establish a Project Management Unit (PMU) to implement the subproject at all phases. One PMU officer will be appointed as Environmental Safeguard Officer (ESO). An Environmental Safeguard Specialist (ESS) of the LIC will organize a formal training course on the roles and responsibilities of the EMP implementation and organize on-the-job training for staff of PMU, CSC, community, and contractors. There will be supports for the establishment and operation of the subproject environmental management system during the construction phase. The ESS will also support the capacity building by screening and evaluating the environmental protection capacity of the PMU and Quang Tri Department of Transport (DOT) during the operational phase. 17. In order to ensure that environmental protection and mitigation measures are included in construction contracts, the EMP will be included in bidding documents and construction
Page | 3 contracts to plan and allocate funding and responsibilities for implementation of the environmental management plan. Bidding documents should also require contractors to prove qualified and trained staff on environmental and safety management issues so that the monitoring of mitigation measures will be effectively carried out during the implementation process. D. Conclusion 18. The IEE concludes that the feasibility study of the subproject combined with the available information is sufficient to identify the scope of potential environmental impacts and formulate mitigation measures for the subproject; therefore, significant changes in the subproject description do not occur at the detailed design phase, and new cultural or environmental sensitive resources are not discovered, further detailed environmental impact assessment (EIA) is not required. The ESS will update the EMP for the finalization of the detailed design.
Page | 4
Figure 1. Locations of the subproject districts in Quang Tri map
Page | 5
II. INTRODUCTION
A. Objectives of the Subproject
1. Basic Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth of Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh and Quang Tri
19. The Project Preparation Technical Assistance (PPTA) for the Basic Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth Project in Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh and Quang Tri provinces (Project) was included in the Asian Development Bank’s Operations and Business Plan (2015–2017)1. 20. The Basic Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth will be invested to implement the socio- economic development plans in the North Central Coast Provinces (NCCP). The project is in line with the GOV's strategy of investing concessional ODA loans for poor provinces by using economic sub-regions to identify linkages and synergies among the provinces with regard to accelerate the economic growth which has lagged behind in recent time. 21. The project consists of three outputs: (i) Improved transport infrastructure; (ii) improved production and business infrastructure; and (iii) decentralized management process of public asset.
2. Subproject
22. The “Road connecting Cua Viet port with Eastern communes of Trieu Phong-Hai Lang districts and the center of Southeast Economic Zone” subproject plays an important role in level- crossing road system of locality and Quang Tri province; the upgraded and rehabilitated road will link NH9 to Cua Viet port, NH 49C to NH 49B (Thua Thien Hue province), PR.580, 582, 582B, 583, 584, district roads of 39, 41, 42, Hai An - Hai Khe rescue coastal road; connect economic zones such as East-South Economic zone to Cua Viet port and aquaculture areas; Link tourism areas such as Cua Tung, Cua Viet and My Thuy beaches and connect Trieu Phong, Hai Lang, Gio Linh and Phong Dien (TT. Hue) to facilitate travelling conditions and goods transportation, creating a driving forces for people to promote production and increase revenue for individuals and society. Also, this will create convenient and attractive environment for locally economic development, especially inter-regional sustainable development. 23. According to the Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA), the subproject is initially classified as Category B of environment safeguards and this IEE is required to follow ADB's 2009 Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS 2009). The objectives and scope of this IEE are to (i) assess current environmental conditions in surrounding areas; (ii) identify potential environmental impacts of upgrading roads; (iii) evaluate and identify the significance of the impacts; (iv) prepare Environmental Management Plan (EMP) consisting of mitigation measures, monitoring, reporting requirements, institutional responsibilities and cost estimates to address adverse environmental impacts; (v) conduct public consultations in order to figure out possible issues/concerns of stakeholders and to ensure their inclusion in design and mitigation measures of the subprojects and (vi) update information about the subproject's Environmental Protection Plan Registration according to Certificate No.1551/GXN-STNMT dated June 20, 2017 of the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Quang Tri province (as detailed in Appendix F).
1The project is in line with ADB's Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) 2012-2015. Page | 6
III. POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK
24. The Subproject shall comply with the ADB’s SPS 2009 and existing regulations of Vietnam in relation to implementation of the 2014 environmental protection plan. Decree No.18/2015/ND-CP of the Government provides environmental protection plans, strategic environmental assessment, and environmental impact assessment. In addition, permission from agencies at provincial level for some certain activities related subproject such as quarry, gravel exploitation, etc., is also required. A. ADB Safeguard Policies 25. The ADB’s 2009 Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS 2009) regulates the safeguard policies on environment, involutary resetlment and indegenious people for the ADB funded projects. SPS 2009 specifies clearly reason, scope and content of environmental assessment. It emphasizes the sustainability of environment and society in economic development and poverty reduction of Asia – Pacific region with following objectives: - To avoid potential adverse impacts on environment and affected people, if possible; - To mitigate and/or compensate for potential adverse impacts on environment and affected people in case avoidance is impossible; and - To support Borrower/Project owner to strengthen their safeguard systems and capacity for environmental and social risk management.
26. For environmental safeguards, based on the Rapid Environment Assessment, the Subproject is initially categorized as ‘B’. In accrodance with the Project Environmental Assessment and Review Framework, a subproject, that is classified as category A on environmental safeguards would be ineligible as a BIIG 2 subproject. B. Legal Framework for Environmental Protection in Vietnam 27. The subproject must comply with Vietnam's environmental legal framework, which is covered in the following section. .
1. Laws
• Environmental Protection Law (LEP) No.55/2014/QH13, effective from January 01, 2015; • Law on Water Resources No.17/2013/QH13 approved by the National Assembly on 21/6/2012; • Law on Biological Diversity No.20/2008/QH12 approved by the National Assembly on November 13, 2008; • Law No.68/2006/QH11 Standards and technical regulations approved by the National Assembly on June 29, 2006 • Law on Cultural Heritage No.28/2001/QH10 approved by the National Assembly on 29 June 2001.
Page | 7
2. Decrees and Regulations
• Decree No.18/2015/ND-CP dated 14/02/2015 of the Government providing environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan; • Circular No.27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 29 May 2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on Strategic Environmental Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Protection Plan; • Circular No.36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 30/6/2015 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on hazardous waste management • National Technical Regulations on air and noise quality: - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT- Air quality - National technical regulation on ambient air quality; - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulation on noise; - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulation on vibration; - TCVN 5948:1999 - Acoustic - Noise emitted by accelerating road vehicles - Permitted maximum noise level. • National Technical Regulations on water quality: - QCVN 01:2009/BYT: National technical regulation on drinking water quality. - QCVN 02:2009/BYT: National technical regulation on domestic water quality. - QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT - National technical standards on water surface quality. - QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT - National technical standards on underground water quality. - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT-National technical standards on domestic waste water quality.
3. Other legislation applicable to the subproject
• Law No.27/2001/QH10 dated 29/06/2001 by the National Assembly on fire prevention and fighting; • Law No.40/2013/QH13 dated 22/11/2013 by the National Assembly on amending and adding a number of articles of the Law No.27/2001/QH10 dated 29 June 2001 on fire prevention and fighting; • Law No.50/2014/QH13 dated 18/06/2014 by the National Assembly on construction; • Circular No.22/2010/TT-BXD dated 03/12/2010 by the Ministry of Construction on labor safety in work construction; • Law No.10/2012/QH13 dated 18/06/2012 by the National Assembly on labor code. • IFC/World Bank Group, 2007. Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines. General Guidelines. Wash. DC. • IFC/World Bank Group, 2007. Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines. Industry Sector Guidelines, Infrastructure (Water and Sanitation), Wash. DC.
Page | 8
IV. DESCRIPTION OF SUBPROJECT
A. Rationale of Subproject 28. Currently, traffic flow on Road connecting Cua Viet port with Eastern communes of Trieu Phong - Hai Lang districts and the center of Southeast Economic Zone is very high. However, the existing road has low technical standards, the road surface is seriously degraded, muddy in rainy season and dusty in dry season, causing difficulties for the road users with high potential risks of traffic accident. The rehabilitation of the route will continuously connect the National Highways - Provincial Highways; Economic zones such as South East zone with Cua Viet port; Aquaculture areas; Tourist sites - beaches and trading between communes and districts inside and outside Quang Tri province. Also, this will create convenient and attractive environment for locally economic development, especially inter-regional sustainable development. At the same time, the objective of gradual economic development is ensured along with environment protection, development, towards the goal of sustainable development. It also improves environmental conditions, creates ecological and architectural landscapes around the project area and adapts to climate change, which are increasing day by day in the province. 29. The items under subproject will contribute to the improvement of services for traffic, entertainment and tourism development in Trieu Phong and Hai Lang districts, the number of direct beneficiaries from the subproject is about 21,503 people in communes of Trieu Son, Hai Ba, Hai Que and Hai Duong. In addition, indirect beneficiaries are people in Hai Xuan, Hai Quy, Hai Vinh, Hai Thanh in Hai Lang commune and Trieu Trung, Trieu Tai communes - Trieu Phong district. An estimated 10 ha of land along the route, which includes agricultural land, industrial land and service land, will have an increase in value due to the fact that it connects to the neighboring communes by proposed road. B. Location and Scope 30. The subproject is located in 02 districts of Hai Lang and Trieu Phong and stretched through communes including: Trieu Son (Trieu Phong district); Hai Ba, Hai Que, Hai Duong (Hai Lang district) with a total length of 36 km. The subproject work-items are presented in the Figure 2 hereto.
• The main Trieu Phong – Hai Lang inter-district road has a total length of 16.3 km. the starting point (Km8+200) is located on District road DR.41 at the intersection between DR.41 and DR.43 (Can market) in Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong district; the ending point Km16+249.41 intersects with Nh.49C at Km23+800 in Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district. • The first branch is located in Hai Ba commune, consists of 06 sections with the total length of 9.7 km. • The second branch is located in Hai Que commune, consists of 02 sections with the total length of 3 km • The third branch is located in Hai Duong commune, consists of 06 section with the total length of 7.1 km
Page | 9
Figure 2. Location of Subproject road
31. The subproject mainly follows and makes use of the old road centerline, locally tapers some sections ensuring technical standards, controls starting point, ending point, crossroads, culvert’s centerline and existing bridges. There is no national park or natural protected area as well as cemetery, grave in the subproject area. The correlation of the subproject with surrounding socio-economic objects is detailed in Table 1 and Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5.
Figure 3. Main route from Km0+00 - Km1+00
Page | 10
Figure 4. Main route from Km11+00 - Km12+00
Figure 5. Main route from Km14+00 - Km15+00
Page | 11
Table 1. The correlation of the subproject with surrounding objects
No. Location Current state Surrounding objects 1 Main Km0+00 – • Asphalt concrete (AC) road in Along the route is resided by densely- route Km3+200 3.5m wide, the pavement is populated areas, some sections have narrow and degraded. paddy filed located on both sides of • Drainage system consists of the route. reinforced concrete bridges, sluices. However, some sluices have been damaged. • Traffic safety system was built but not yet completed. Km3+200 • AC road in 3.0m wide. Narrow Along the route is resided by densely- – road base, degraded pavement. populated areas, some sections have Km14+700 • Drainage system includes RC paddy filed located on both sides of bridges, sluices. Some sluices the route. were degraded. 2 Branch 1 Section 1 The current road surface has low Both sides of the route is resided by (PR.583) technical standards such as narrow densely-populated areas at the embankment, degraded pavement. starting and ending points, the middle sections are sand hills, graves and aquacultural land Section 2 • Cement concrete road in 3.0m Both sides of the route are resided by wide, pavement has been densely-populated areas damaged. • Drainage system was built: 01 slab bridge in 6.0m, bridge width is 4.0m, still in good condition. Section 3 • Cement concrete road in 3.0m Densely-populated area is on the right wide, pavement has been side, irrigation canals and paddy field damaged. are located on the left side of the • Drainage system has not been route. built. Section 4 • Km0+00 - Km0+490: Cement • Km0+00 - Km0+490: is resided by concrete road in 3.0m wide. a densely-populated area • Km0+490 - Km1+068.02: soil • Km0+490 - Km1+068.02: crops road. land is on both sides. • Drainage system has not been built. Section 5 • Km0+00 - Km0+385: Cement • Km0+00 - Km0+385 is resided by concrete road in 3.0m wide. a densely-populated area • Km0+385 - Km1+029.57: soil • Km0+385 – Km1+029.57: road. graveyard and crops land are • Drainage system has not been located on both sides. built. Section 6 • Km0+00 - Km0+265: Cement • Km0+00 - Km0+385 is resided by concrete road in 3.0m wide. a densely-populated area • Km0+265 - Km0+975.02: soil • Km0+385 – Km0+975.02 road. graveyard and crops land are • Drainage system has not been located on both sides. built. 3 Branch 2 Section 1 • Km0+00 - Km0+650: Cement • Km0+00 - Km0+500: Paddy filed concrete road in 3.0m wide. and sparse residential areas are • Km0+650 - Km1+832.14: soil located on both sides; road. • Km0+500 – Km0+650 is resided
Page | 12
No. Location Current state Surrounding objects • Drainage system has not been by a densely-populated area; Hai built. Que CPC is located on the left; • Km0+650 – Km1+832.14: graveyard and crops land are located on both sides. Section 2 • Km0+00 - Km0+135: Cement • Km0+00 – Km0+500 is resided by concrete road in 3.0m wide a densely-populated area; • Km0+135 - Km1+175.98: soil • Km0+500 – Km1+175.98: road. graveyard and crops land are • Drainage system has not been located on both sides. built. Branch 3 Section 1 • Km0+00 - Km0+450: Cement • Km0+00 – Km0+350 is resided by concrete road in 3.0m wide; a densely-populated area; • Km0+450 - Km1+013.03: soil • Km0+350 – Km1+013.03 road. graveyard and crops land are • Drainage system was built with located on both sides. reinforced concrete sluices. Section 2 • Km0+00 - Km0+370: Cement • Km0+00 – Km0+320 is resided by concrete road in 3.0m wide. a densely-populated area; • Km0+370 - Km1+185.12: current • Km0+320 – Km1+185.12 state of this section is pathway. graveyard and crops land are • Drainage system was built with located on both sides. reinforced concrete sluices. Section 3 Km0+00 - Km0+360: Cement • Km0+00 – Km0+370 is resided by concrete in 3.0m wide. a densely-populated area; Km0+360 - Km1+266.41: soil road. • Km0+370 – Km1+266.41: graveyard and crops land are located on both sides. Section 4 • Km0+00 - Km0+300: soil road; • Km0+00 – Km0+330 is resided • Km0+300 - Km1+220.50: by a densely-populated area; pathway. • Km0+300 – Km1+220.50: graveyard and crops land are located on both sides Section 5 • Km0+00 - Km0+160: soil road; • Km0+00 - Km0+160: paddy field • Km0+160 – Km0+290: Cement and sparse households on both concrete in 3.0m wide; sides; • Km0+290 – Km1+481.95: • Km0+160 – Km0+290: is resided pathway. by a densely-populated area; Hai Que CPC is on the left; • Km0+290 – Km1+481.95: graveyard and crops land are located on both sides; Section 6 • Km0+00 - Km0+280: soil road; • Km0+00 - Km0+280: paddy field • Km0+280 – Km0+500: cement and sparse households on both concrete road in 3.0m wide; sides; • Km0+500 – Km0+950.93: current • Km0+280 – Km0+500 is resided state of this section is a pathway. by a densely-populated area; Hai Que CPC is on the left; • Km0+500 – Km0+950.93: graveyard and crops land are located on both sides. Source: Site survey results of Design Consultant, 02/2017 32. Proposed roads are constructed according to category IV plain roads in compliance with Vietnamese standard of TCVN 4054-2005, the road construction standards are as follows:
Page | 13
(i) Design speed: 30 km/h; 60 km/h (ii) Width of embankment: 5 m; 6.5 m; 9.0 m (iii) Width of carriageway: 3.5 m; 7.0 m (iv) Width of road shoulder: 2 x 0.5m; 2 x 0.75m; 2 x 1m (v) Horizontal slope of road surface (%): 2% (vi) Maximum longitudinal slope (%): 6%; 9% (vii) Pavement structure: Asphalt concrete 33. For slab bridges with aperture from 4.0m to 6.0m, these bridges will be newly designed in aperture of 6.0 m; For irrigation bridge on PR.583, it was built long time ago and deteriorated with narrow width (3.7m), thus, it will be designed with the aperture of 8.0mm; For irrigation bridge on repaired section of the main route: there is an existing slab bridge with 02 spans, each span has the length of 6.0m, thus, slab bridge on the new section is designed with an aperture of 12.0m. Total of newly-built slab bridges all over the route are 14 bridges. 34. Longitudinal and cross sections are designed in accordance with the scale and standards of inner roads, streets and Category-IV plain roads to ensure the smooth traffic and safety during road operation and exploitation. For road base with normal curve, slope is designed at super-elevation level; road surface is designed to be expanded in curved sections and points such as widening sag or crest or both of them, depending on the terrain to minimize earth work and supplementary works. Designed sections are described in Figure below:
CROSS SECTION REPRESENTATION SCALE: 1/ 50
CEMENT CONCRETE SURFACE
LAND STREET CASE
Figure 6. Typical cross-section of the route
35. Technical specifications related to longitudinal and cross drainage culverts, safe structures such as sidewalks, protection works, intersections, etc. are designed synchronously with the route. 36. Construction material sources: Materials for the construction are taken from material pits as presented in Table 2.
Page | 14
Table 2. Sources of construction materials
Sources of Characteristics of supply sources construction Location Current Capacity Exploitation and materials state transportation conditions Borrow pits Utilize excavated soil and Under Sufficient for • Convenient for Phuoc Mon borrow pit in Hai operation works in the mechanical exploitation; Le commune with an area of southern areas • 18km from the 28ha, total forecasted of Quang Tri construction site. reserves are 1.4 million m3, Hai Truong commune, Hai Lang district according to the Decision No.2242/QD-UBND or contracted with Nhu Le Cooperative for Construction material production and sand&gravel exploitation according to the Decision No.08/QD-UBND of Quang Tri PPC in Nhu Le village, Hai Le commune, Quang Tri township. Sand mine Contracted with Son Dung Under Sufficient • Provided for all works in One Member Co. LTD at operation reserve for Quang Tri province; Decision No.2112/QD-UBND construction • 25km from the dated 03/8/2017, an unit is works construction site. entitled to exploit mineral, sand, gravel on Thach Han river Cement, Dong Ha city Provided for Sufficient • Provided for all works in iron, steel, works in reserve for Quang Tri province; asphalt, Quang Tri construction • 36.5km from the formwork province works construction site. Dau Mau Tan Lam commune, Cam Lo Under Sufficient • Provided for all works in quarry district. (according to operation reserve for Quang Tri province; Decision No.1770/QD- construction • 48km from the UBND) with an area of 5.85 works construction site ha and reserve of 1,250,000 m3, capacity of 125,000 m3/year. It can be contracted with one out of 05 exploitation units such as Minh Hung Ltd., Co, Transport Engineering Company; Thien Tan Company... AC Mixing Tan Lam commune, Cam Lo Under Sufficient mixing • Provided for all works in plant district operation station with 50 - Quang Tri province; 60 tons/h • 64km from the capacity for construction site. construction works in Quang Tri province. Source: Subproject’s FS 37. The conditions of material supply and inputs: The traffic conditions for the material supply to the works in the subproject area is convenient. The types of construction material for the
Page | 15 subproject must be satisfactory to the technical standards, i.e. the origin of products, physical properties of material, cleanliness and intensity, etc.
Table 3. Summary of material quantity of the Subproject
No. Materials Unit Volume 1 Yellow sand (Asphalt concrete) m3 1,550.17 2 Macadam 0x0.5 (Asphalt concrete) m3 6,631.58 3 Macadam 0.5x1 (Asphalt concrete ) m3 3,547.02 4 Macadam 1x2 (Asphalt concrete) m3 5,820.59 5 Calcium Carbonate Powder (CaCO3) (AC) m3 1,352,001.60 6 Building sand m3 11.35 7 Yellow sand m3 1,794.15 8 Sand for embankment backfill m3 1,986.23 9 Grit m3 500.06 10 Macadam 0,5x1 m3 6.58 11 Macadam 1x2 m3 1,352.12 12 Macadam 2x4 m3 813.47 13 Macadam 4x6 m3 1,588.73 14 Crushed aggregate course Dmax=25 m3 36,857.98 15 Crushed aggregate course Dmax=37.5 m3 32,065.37 16 Rip rap m3 27.24 17 Cement kg 962,410.89 19 Cement TW PCB 40 kg 190,033.05 21 Round bar in diameter of ≤10mm kg 75,581.35 22 Round bar in diameter of ≤18mm kg 39,620.12 23 Round bar in diameter of >18mm kg 3,105.87 24 Steel shape kg 1,577.85 25 Steel plate kg 3,872.40 26 Steel tie in 1mm kg 2,135.03 27 Nails kg 1,438.72 28 Welding rod kg 922.83 Source: Basic Design of the subproject 38. Construction solid waste treatment plan – removal of organic soil layer. The construction solid waste arising in the site clearance and removal of organic soil layer is transported and disposed as follows: - Construction waste: Debris can be reused as filling material for the works/areas in need in the communes in 02 districts. For culverts, iron and steel will be reused, the unused part for construction will be sold to scrap dealers, and the non-recycled part will be contracted with Urban Environment Service Cooperatives in the districts to collect waste at the concentrated disposal sites in the region including: 02 concentrated solid waste dumpsites in 2 communes Trieu Ai and Trieu Thuong, Trieu Phong district with areas of 12 ha and 7 ha, respectively; concentrated waste dumping area of Hai Lang district in Hai Tho commune has an area of burial squares of 8,850 m2. - Removal of organic soil: The amount of organic soil to be removed will be analyzed. If it is not contaminated with heavy metals, it can be used as grade-2 leveling soil in place. The total earthwork quantity of excavated soil from the subproject items is detailed in Table 4.
Table 4. Summary of earthworks quantity in the subproject
Transport to No. Content Demolition (m3) Excavation (m3) Filling (m3) disposal site Km0+00 – Km3+200 of 1 2102 20915.8 13313.87 5162 Main route 2 Km3+200 – Km14+700 of - 4927 6107 7450 Page | 16
Transport to No. Content Demolition (m3) Excavation (m3) Filling (m3) disposal site Main route Section 1 to 3 of Branch 1 3 5003.1 51520 23344 11690.1 (PR.583) Section 4 to 6 of Branch 1 4 452.3 2088.3 9904.4 4769.6 (PR.583) 5 Section 1 of Branch 2 422.6 8559.8 31888.8 1235.05 6 Section 2 of Branch 2 306,93 2.091.8 7829.5 2387.2 7 Section 1 to 3 of Branch 3 340 15.7 2116.3 365 8 Section 4 to 6 of Branch 3 1100 6623 3410 2132 Total 9420 94649.6 97913.87 35191
- Source: Basic Design of the Subproject 39. The subproject will identify waste disposal sites in the communes in the subproject area to dispose this soil. The total volume of this weathered soil will be transported at an average distance of 6 km by 5-ton dump-trucks. It is expected to dump with an average thickness of 1.5m in combination with soil improvement. Disposal sites along the routes are possible to meet the requirements for waste disposal during road construction. These disposal sites along the routes are possible to meet the requirements for waste disposal during road construction sites have been approved by the local authorities to be disposed throughout the roads construction. These are unused, vacant land areas, which are planned to be a sport ground or cultural house and are not adjacent to concentrated residential areas; the distance from 200 - 300 m, the surrounding terrain is sandy, not near the water sources or the local irrigation canal system (see Appendix D for details), information of the disposal sites is summarized as below: - Disposal site 01: It is a vacant land area and located lower than the surrounding terrain. It is far from residential areas in Thuan Dau village of Trieu Son commune. Estimated volume is about 3,500m3; - Disposal site 02: It is a vacant land area and located lower than the surrounding terrain. It is far from residential areas in hamlet 3, Phuong Lang village, Hai Ba commune. Estimated volume is about 2,500 m3; - Disposal site 03: It is a vacant land area and located lower than the surrounding terrain. It is far from residential areas in Dinh and Trong hamlets, Phuong Lang village, Hai Ba commune. Estimated volume is about 4,000 m3; - Disposal site 04 and 05: These vacant land areas are located lower than the surrounding terrain, far from residential areas in Kim Long village of Hai Que commune. Estimated volume is about 3000 and 3,400 m3. - Disposal site 06: It is a vacant land area and located lower than the surrounding terrain. It is far from the residential areas in Nhat Tay hamlet, Kim Giao village of Hai Duong commune. Estimated volume is about 2,500 m3; - Disposal site 07: It is a vacant land area and located lower than the surrounding terrain. It is far from the residential area in Dong hamlet, Kim Giao village of Hai Duong commune. Estimated volume is about 2,000 m3; - Disposal site 08: It is a vacant land area and located lower than the surrounding terrain. It is far from the residential area in Tre Tay hamlet, Dien Khanh village of Hai Duong commune. Estimated volume is about 3,000 m3; - Disposal site 09: It is a vacant land area and located lower than the surrounding terrain. It is far from the residential areas in Dien Khanh village of Hai Duong commune. Estimated
Page | 17
volume is about 1,500 m3; - Disposal site 10: It is a vacant land area and located lower than the surrounding terrain. It is far from the residential areas in Dong Duong village of Hai Duong commune. Estimated volume is about 5,000 m3; - Disposal site 11: It is a vacant land area and located lower than the surrounding terrain. It is far from the residential areas in An Nhon village of Hai Duong commune. Estimated volume is about 4,000 m3; - Disposal site 11: It is a vacant land area and located lower than the surrounding terrain. It is far from the residential areas in Xuan Vien village of Hai Duong commune. Estimated volume is about 4,000 m3; 40. The tentative duration of “Road connecting Cua Viet port with Eastern communes of Trieu Phong-Hai Lang districts and the center of Southeast Economic Zone” subproject is expected to be conducted within 03 year from 2020 to 2022 as shown in Table 5.
Table 5. Construction Schedule
Construction activities Time Schedule Construction of Site clearance 4 months Quarter 1/2020– roadbed; horizontal Earthworks 3 months Quarter 1/2022 and vertical drainage Construction of vertical and horizontal 5 months system drainage system Ground levelling 3 months Pavement Crushed aggregate course 5 months construction Embankment completion 4 months C. Cost Estimate 41. As planned, the subproject will be constructed with the estimated budget in the Table 6.
Table 6. Estimated budget of the subproject
AFTER- AFTER TAX COST No. ITEMS PRE-TAX COST TAX COST (VND) (USD) 1 Compensation, support and resettlement 11,262,426,000 504,363 2 Civil works 104,807,999,323 115,288,800,000 5,162,956 3 Project Management 4,230,631,970 4,230,632,000 189,460 4 Construction Investment Consultancy 7,764,520,312 8,535,287,000 382,234 5 Other costs 6,546,756,076 7,154,723,000 320,409 6 Contingencies 9,210,935,000 412,491 7 Total 155,682,803,000 6,971,912
Page | 18
V. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
A. Physical Environment 1. Topography, Geology and Soils 42. The subproject road is located in the administrative area of Trieu Son commune (Trieu Phong district), Hai Ba, Hai Que, Hai Duong communes (Hai Lang district), Quang Tri province. It borders the East Sea to the East and about 20 km far from Dong Ha city. 43. The subproject passes through the two districts of Trieu Phong and Hai Lang. The subproject area is located in a low-land plain with horizontal gentle slope, high elevation, low topography and separated by small flows. Geomorphology and stratigraphic structure are quite homogeneous; the soil layers mostly undergo sedimentation of rivers and oceans (amQ), with the main elements of clay and mixed sand. 44. The main soil of the subproject area is sand dune soils, sandbank, yellow red soil on clay and metamorphic rocks with a total area of 16,049 ha in Hai Lang2 district. In Trieu Phong district, the main soil is yellowish soil on slate basement (acid sulphate soil) and yellowish soil on sandy soil (hapli acrisols).
2. Weather, natural disasters and climate changes
45. The subproject area has a typical tropical monsoon climate, affected by the East Truong Son climate regime which features two separate seasons: a dry summer with hot and dry West winds from February to September and a humid winter season with northeast winds from October to January. The annual average temperature varies from 24oC to 25oC. The highest temperature occurs in June and July (reaching 30.30C) while the coolest months are January and February (average daily temperature downs to 18.90C). The annual average rainfall is 2,400mm. 80% of the rainfall in each year occurs between September and December. The average humidity is 80-90%, reaching 90% between September and April but falling to 30% between May and August. 46. The main weather-related risk in the project is storms, which usually happen between September and November with a frequency of 4-5 storms per year and wind speeds reach 8 to 11 on the Beaufort scale3. Climate changes (CC) increase the fluctuation and intensity of extreme weather phenomena which greatly affect the socio-economic development and especially affects the future development orientation. In recent years, especially in the period of 2011 - 2014, extreme weather phenomena frequently occur such as storms, floods, tropical depressions, droughts with more density and intensity than those of the previous years, causing heavy losses to the agricultural sector, destroying transport infrastructure, and industry etc. According to Quang Tri Statistical Office, the total amount of natural disasters in the last 5 years has been more than VND 3,000 billion, causing more than 40 deaths and missing. The increase in the intensity of climate change phenomena such as floods and storms, sea level rise makes such areas frequently flooded as Trieu Thanh, Trieu Thuong, Trieu Long, Trieu Ai, Trieu Giang communes of Trieu Phong district; Hai Hoa, Hai Thanh, Hai Que, Hai Tho, Hai Truong, Hai Chanh and Hai Tan communes of Hai Lang district; Dong Luong, Dong Le, Dong Giang and Dong Thanh wards of Dong Ha city; Vinh Long commune of Vinh Linh district; and An Dong ward of Quang Tri town, which greatly affect the ability to cultivate agriculture in these areas4. 47. In fact, according to the statistics of Quang Tri Hydro-meteorological Center, in the period of 1993 - 2014, the water levels in river and lake basins are recorded a clear decrease trend over the years; the water levels are not evenly in the periods of a year. In dry seasons, the water levels decrease significantly and tend to decrease deeply over the years. The average water level (Htb) is from – 53 to - 1 cm only compared to the smallest water level. In contrast, in rainy seasons the water levels tend to increase over the years, the Htb is from 27 to 307 cm.
2http://hailang.quangtri.gov.vn 3http://giolinh.quangtri.gov.vn 4Report of Environmental Status in Quang Tri province, period 2011 - 2015 Page | 19
48. The annual rainfall distributes less in dry seasons. Therefore, the possibility of salinity intrusion in the two systems of Thach Han and Ben Hai rivers is large. The amount of fresh water is insufficient in dry seasons, causing the depletion in lakes and dams that reserve water for agricultural activities. This is a great challenge for the agricultural sector of the province during dry seasons (from March to September every year). Quang Tri province currently has 237 irrigation works including lakes, dams, flood draining culverts, saline prevention sluices, dykes, embankments, canals, pumping stations, hydropower and irrigation works that have contributed to solving most of irrigation requirements. However, climate changes like floods and droughts have seriously affected irrigation work quality and caused serious degradation to some irrigation works such as landslides and concrete slides, and reduced water storage capacity in dry seasons. 49. Climate changes make floods and droughts more and more complicated. In rainy seasons, the total rainfall tends to increase, the intensity and frequency of flooding are larger so that the flow volume and water volume are large. The risk of flash floods in the mountainous areas of Huong Hoa and Dakrong and large floods in the delta is increasing.
3. Hydrology
50. Hydrological regime is influenced by river systems and tides from the sea through Cua Viet. The river system of the district consists of main rivers: O Lau River, Thach Han River, Vinh Dinh River and Ai Tu River. 51. Thach Han river system: Thach Han is the largest river of Quang Tri. It has a length of 155 km and the largest basin area (2,727 km2), flows to the sea in Cua Viet. Thach Han river system has 37 rivers, including 17 tributaries of category I with 3 typical tributaries: Vinh Phuoc, Rao Quan and Hieu rivers, 16 tributaries of category II and 6 tributaries of category III. The largest category-I tributary of Thach Han River is Rao Quan River with a total length of 42 km, originating from Sa Mui cavern with the elevation of 1500 m in Huong Son commune, Huong Hoa district; and flowing in the direction from northwest to southeast. The basin of Rao Quan river covers an area of 244 km2 with an average elevation of 517 m5. 52. Parameters of hydrological survey of bridges, rivers, streams, and water resources along the subproject road are evaluated and classified based on on-site observation and description summarized in Table 7.
Table 7. Hydrological survey results of bridges on the route
Maximum flood water Occurrence Average No. Bridge/Station Notes level year flood level Concrete girder bridge Reused 1 +6.20 1999 +4.10 L=3x8m/ Km1+032 bridge Concrete girder bridge L=12m/ Newly-built 2 +6.14 1999 +4.70 Km3+276 bridge Concrete girder bridge Reused 3 +5.94 1999 +5.94 L=2x6m/ Km5+020 bridge Concrete girder bridge L=6m/ Newly-built 4 +5.94 1999 +3.70 Km6+866 bridge Concrete girder bridge Reused 5 +5.94 1999 +3.90 L=2x4m/ Km8+003 bridge Concrete girder bridge L=6m/ Newly-built 6 +4.38 1999 +2.60 Km11+611 bridge Concrete girder bridge L=6m/ Newly-built 7 +4.38 1999 +2.00 Km12+487 bridge
5Report on Environmental Status (SOE) of Quang Tri Province in 2015
Page | 20
Maximum flood water Occurrence Average No. Bridge/Station Notes level year flood level Concrete girder bridge L=6m/ Newly-built 8 +4.38 1999 +1.90 Km13+192 bridge Concrete girder bridge L=6m/ Newly-built 9 +4.38 1999 +1.60 Km13+777 bridge Concrete girder bridge L=6m/ Newly-built 10 +4.38 1999 +1.5 Km14+436 bridge Concrete girder bridge L=6m/ Newly-built 11 +4.38 1999 +1.55 Km14+706 bridge Concrete girder bridge L=6m/ Newly-built 12 +4.38 1999 +1.80 Km15+579 bridge Source: Site survey result, 02/2017 4. Surface and underground water
53. In June 2017, the Project Management Unit collaborated with the Consultant (Vimcerts 163 and Vilas 969 certificate) to carry out surveys, measurements and taking environmental samples in the subproject area, and to collect relevant information and data to assess the quality of the region’s natural environmental components according to the current regulations. The methods for measurement, field sampling, storage, transport, laboratory processing and analysis of samples were carried out in accordance with the current standards of Vietnam.
Surface water sources
54. Main water sources in the subproject area are Thach Han River and other small streams. As stated in the State of the Environment (SOE) report for Quang Tri province in 2017 the surface water quality on Thach Han river is still in good quality and all the testing parameters are within the allowed limits of QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT standard. 55. Specifically, the analysis results at the sampling locations of the subproject area: canals in An Phu commune, near Can market (NM7) and Trong Am river in Don Que village, Hai Que commune (NM8) show that the surface water quality is still good, the indicators are within the permitted limits of QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Surface water quality (Column B1). Results are shown in Table 8.
Table 8. Analysis results of surface water quality in the subproject area
Results No. Parameters Unit QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, Column B1 NM7 NM8 1 pHab - 7.7 7.8 5.5-9 Total suspended mg/L 2 6.7 6.5 50 solidsab 3 DOab mg/L 10.9 9.9 ≥4 ab 4 BOD5 mg/L 6.1 5.8 15 5 COD mg/L 11.7 11.5 30 - ab 6 NO2 -N mg/L <0.04 <0.04 0.05 3- ab 7 Photphat (PO4 -P) mg/L 0.03 <0.02 0.3 8 Total grease mg/L 0.8 0.7 1 + ab 9 Amoni (NH4 -N) mg/L 0.08 0.06 0.9 10 Coliforma MPN/100ml 1400 1500 7500 Source: IAC Viet Nam Co, Ltd, 2017 Ground water sources
56. The groundwater environmental quality at the monitoring locations are within the allowable limits of QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT - National Technical Standard on Underground Water Quality. The analysis results of the samples: NN7 and NN8 of households in Hai Ba and Hai Duong communes are shown in Table 9.
Page | 21
Table 9. Analysis results of groundwater quality in the subproject area
Results No. Parameters Unit QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT, Column B1 NN7 NN8 1 pHab - 6.6 6.8 5.5-8 2 TDSab mg/L 106 101 1500 3 Hardnessab mg/L 45 48 500 4 Pemanganatab mg/L 3.6 3.9 4 + ab 5 Amoni (NH4 -N) mg/L 0.14 0.18 1 - ab 6 Nitrat (NO3 -N) mg/L <0.01 <0.01 15 2- 7 SO4 mg/L 8.9 8.6 400 8 Coliforma MPN/100ml <3 <3 3 Source: IAC Viet Nam Co, Ltd, 2017 5. Air quality and Noise
57. The sampling locations in the subproject area include: (i) KK10: Starting point in An Phu village, Trieu Son commune; (ii) KK11: Section 5, branch 1, Co Luy village, Hai Ba commune and KK12: Section 2, branch 3, Hai Duong commune. The analysis criteria are within the allowable limits of QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality, 01 hour on average; QCVN 26:2010/BNTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Noise; QCVN 27:2010/BNTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Noise. However, difference locations shall have differences in the measured value, especially the concentration of dust, particularly in Table 10.
Table 10. Results of ambient air quality analysis in the subproject area
Result QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT No. Indicators Unit KK10 KK11 KK12 1 Temperatureab 0C 33.1 33.0 33.6 - 2 Moistureab %RH 68.2 69.1 68.4 - 3 Wind speedab m/s 1.2 0.4 0.5 - 4 Total suspended dusta µg/m3 62 65 63 300 5 Carbon monoxide (CO) a µg/m3 <3500 <3500 <3500 30,000 a 3 6 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) µg/m <8 <8 <8 200 a 3 7 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) µg/m <5 <5 <5 350 8 Noise dBA 66 61 67 701 Source: IAC Viet Nam Co, Ltd, 2017 Note: “-” Not specified; “*” Parameters are provided by subcontractors; “a’’ : The parameters are certified by Vimcerts 163; “b’’ : The parameters are certified by Vilas 969; - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality; - 701 QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on Noise;
B. Biological Environment
1. Forestry
58. Trieu Phong is one of the districts in Quang Tri province that have the largest area of forest land. Trieu Phong's forest land reported in 2018 is 16,633 ha, accounting for 47.07% of the district's total land area (Source: Quang Tri Statistical Yearbook, 2018). Plantation forests have been strongly developing in the communes like Trieu Ai, Trieu Thuong, Trieu Son, Trieu An, Trieu Trach, Trieu Van and Trieu Lang where main trees like pine, eucalyptus and hybrid acacia occupy. These areas are the large material supply sources for timber and pine processing industry.
Page | 22
59. Due to the high temperature and humidity conditions, the vegetation, especially the natural forest of Hai Lang in pre-war time, was very diversified with many types of precious wood and abundant animals. But war and warfare chemical destroyed most of the district’s natural forests. After the war, indiscriminate logging has resulted in the reduction of forest resources. According to land statistics in 2017, the forest land area of the district is 23,012.06 ha, of which: production forest land is 15,621.02 ha; protection forest land is 7,391.04 ha6. The area of protection forest land is basically preserved, zoned for development. Plant species in the plantation forest include acacia, eucalyptus, pines, casuarinas, and some other indigenous species. 60. Major trees which can be observed are Eucalyptus, Pine, Melaleuca and Acacia mangium. Along the canals, ditches in the subproject area, the invasion by Mimosa pigra L. trees prevails. The current status of the construction works of the subproject does not contain rare and valuable plants and animal species, which need to be preserved in the Red List of Vietnam. There are no National Parks or Nature Reserves (Protected Areas) within a radius of 80 km from the subproject area.
2. Agriculture
61. The main crops are rice, corn, cassava, sweet potato, peanut and industrial trees such as Pepper and rubber trees. The livestock also contributes significantly to the total output of these districts. Summary of total agricultural productivity in the subproject areas is presented in the table below:
Table 11. Main agricultural products at the subproject areas in 2016
Main agricultural products Unit Trieu Phong Hai Lang Rice + Cultivation area Ha 11,318 13,490 + Productivity Ton 62,023 83,769 Corn + Cultivation area Ha 304 355.7 + Productivity Ton 1,395 1761.9 Peanut + Cultivation area Ha 364 489.6 + Productivity Ton 459 828 Cassava + Cultivation area Ha 809 1,519 + Productivity Ton 11,124 26,133 Sweet potato + Cultivation area Ha 559 665 + Productivity Ton - 6,284 Breeding Buffalo Unit 2,061 2,798 Cow Unit 11,025 7,620 Pig Unit 55,071 58,105 Poultry Unit 501,600 564,000
6Source: Hai Lang District Statistical Yearbook, 2016
Page | 23
Source: Trieu Phong and Hai Lang district Statistical Yearbook, 2016 C. Land use status in the subproject area 62. Agricultural land in Trieu Phong and Hai Lang districts accounts for 79.7% and 83.5%, respectively, in which agricultural land available for annual crops and perennial crops accounts for 30.7% and 28%, forest land accounts for 47.1% and 54.2% of total land area in Trieu Phong and Hai Lang districts. Details are as Table 12.
Table 12. Land use in the subproject districts, 2016 Types of land Unit Trieu Phong Hai Lang Total land area ha 35,336.12 42,479.7 Agricultural land ha 28,176.05 35,487.9 Forest land ha 16,660.2 23,012.06 Aquaculture land ha 619.3 565.7 Non-agricultural land ha 6,009.1 5,401.7 Unused land ha 1,150.98 1,590.03 Source: Statistical Yearbooks in 2017 of Trieu Phong and Hai Lang districts D. Socio-Economic conditions and infrastructure 63. Trieu Phong district is located in the Southeast of Quang Tri province. It borders Dong Ha city and Gio Linh district to the North, Hai Lang district and Quang Tri Township to the South, Dakrong and Cam Lo districts to the West and borders the East Sea to the East with the coastal length of 18 km. Its natural area is 353.04 km2, including 18 communes and 1 town. Ai Tu town, the political, economic, social and cultural center of the district, is 7km far from Dong Ha city and 6km from Quang Tri township to the North. 64. Hai Lang district, the southernmost district of Quang Tri province, is 20km far from Dong Ha city to the South. It borders the East Sea to the East, DaKrong district to the West, Thua Thien Hue province to the South (40km from the South); Quang Tri Township and Trieu Phong district to the North. The terrain is divided clearly into three areas: Mountainous area (55%), plain area (32%), sand dunes, and beach (12%). The total area of the district is 42,692.5 ha (2015). 65. The transport in these two districts is rather favorable for economic development, cultural exchange with neighboring areas thanks to many important roads running through such as NH1A, North-South Railway. Moreover, Trieu Phong district has PR.580 connecting NH1A to Cua Viet Port and PR.581 connecting NH1A through Quang Tri town and two southern communes of this district. Hai Lang district has 04 provincial roads (51.1 km); 25 district roads (184.43 km); 30 urban roads (14.53 km); 09 communal roads (34.8 km) and 487.81 km of village roads. Summary of socio-economic conditions of the districts is shown as Table 12.
Table 13. Summary of socio-economic conditions of the subproject communes
Indicators Trieu Hai Lang district Total Phong district Hai Hai Hai Trieu Son Duong Ba Que Population (people) 21.452 Male 1.678 2.73 2.135 1.776 11.183 Female 1.867 2.811 2.269 1.839 10.999 Poor households (HHs) 9,9 16,34 10,64 9,03 367 Near-poor households (HHs) 9,9 16,34 10,64 9,03 326 Agriculture-forestry-fishery (%) 35.7 55.03 34.7 52.8 233.23
Page | 24
Industry - Handicraft industry, Construction (%) 12.2 32.63 30.7 24.1 129.63 Trading-services (%) 52.1 12.34 34.6 23.1 137.14 Rate of participation in health insurance (%) 85 - 59.9 82 226.9 Number of health examinees 4412 2048 2926 - 11381 Rate of vaccinated children (%) 100 100- 100 100 400 Rate of malnourished children (%) 9.42 - 7.62 - 17.04 % households using hygienic water - 100 95.1 - 293.1 % households using hygienic toilets - 91.38 87.35 - 263.89
66. The use of domestic water. There are 29.5 % households using tap water for eating and drinking; 23.3 % using for bathing and washing. The remaining 50.7 % using well water and drilled well water for cooking, drinking and 76.7 % using drilled well water for bathing and washing. Summary on use of water sources is as follows:
Table 14. Summary on main sources of water for drinking and washing
Water sources For cooking and drinking For washing and bathing HHs % HHs % Tap water 57 29.53 55 28.50 Excavated well water 65 33.68 67 34.72 Drilled well water 71 36.79 71 36.79 Total 193 100.0 193 100.0 Source: SES, 8-9/2017
67. Sanitation. 77% of interviewed households has septic toilet and 23% has two- compartment toilet and squat toilet. 68. Road connecting Cua Viet port with Eastern communes of Trieu Phong – Hai Lang districts and the center of Quang Tri Southeast Economic Zone are formed on the basis of two WB-funded projects built in 2006 with asphalt concrete pavement and road branches are structured of cement concrete funded by new rural funding source to access Trieu Son (Trieu Phong district), Hai Ba, Hai Que, Hai Duong communes (Hai Lang district) in Quang Tri Province. The serious deterioration of pavement, narrow roadbed, and large traffic flow made this road muddy and slippery in rainy season, dusty in dry season. In addition, it also limits traffic speed and some cases are inaccessible, therefore it significantly increases traffic costs. 69. Some asphalt concrete roads and asphalt roads are still in good condition, some sections of side ditches on the roadsides are eroded, filled. The earth road sections were seriously degraded, muddy, slippery and inaccessible in the rainy season. The width of existing roads ranges from 2 m - 3.5 m and 03m on average. The route is mainly located in flat plain terrain, so it is convenient for construction. 70. Through the surveys and public consultations, the upgraded road will help reduce transportation costs. Currently, the materials transported from communes to the district centers and factories are only 03 trips per day within 4 hours. After the completion of the subproject, the proposed route can serve for 8 trips/day in every1 hour. This road will connect the Cua Viet port to the center of Southeast Economic Zone and high-tech agricultural production zones, aquacultural areas, agricultural products processing factories, Commercial shrimp farming (C.P Vietnam Livestock JSC); Quang Tri cassava starch factory in Hai Thuong, the wood chip plant of Long Hung Thinh Joint Stock Company; the paper recycling plant of HASINATO Company, etc. as well as remarkably shorten the transportation distance to those plants and factories. 71. UXO. Quang Tri is one of the hardest hit areas of the wars. In more than 390,000 hectares of land, accounting for 82% of the province's area, there are still unexploded ordnances
Page | 25
(UXO) used by soldiers in the conflicts that took place here between 1962 and 1975. UXOs include bombs, landmines, and mines on land or buried underground, but when they were used, they did not explode and now they remain. This is the risk of explosion and threatening to human life after decades after the war. Information about the levels and locations of UXOs is very low. The Vietnamese military agencies estimate that the remaining UXO volume in the country after the end of the war with the United States lies between 350,000 and 700,000 tons. In some locations, i.e., the locations which were old combat bases or military supply warehouses, the risk remains quite high. For most of the rest of Vietnam land, the level of risk in any location is still unknown. According to the Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs, since the end of the war in 1975, landmine/UXO accidents have killed and injured about 8,500 people, of which 31% was children. 72. Unexploded Ordinances may be accidentally encountered when people are plowing or finding metal scraps and even when children are playing. Information on the levels of risk in relation to mines, bombs and unexploded materials in any areas of the subproject scale includes available information provided by local authorities and residents, and records of incidents provided by government agencies of the Ministry of Defense. The assessment of UXO risk can also be based on the current status of land use in the subproject area, and the degree of disturbance during the subproject implementation. If there are existing roads, the disturbance to plowing or digging will be relatively safe, however, the risk of unexploded materials is always hidden when excavation occurs. E. Archaeological, historical and cultural monuments 73. There are historical sites located in and near the subproject area, most of which are reminiscent of war and historical sites from the year of 1954 to 1976, such as monuments to martyrs. There is no known archaeological site in the subproject area of Trieu Phong and Hai Lang districts. F. Main environmental characteristics 74. Natural environmental characteristics: The route is located at the edge of hilly terrain area: which is eroded and intruded with flat crest; its slope is gradually tilted in the northwest - southeast and the coastal plain area has the elevation from 0.7 ÷ 4.4m asl, the surface is covered with vegetation. The route terrain is relatively flat and the elevation is not large. The subproject basically follows existing alignment; land along the route includes residential land, agricultural land mainly for cassava, groundnut, maize ... and forest land of eucalyptus, willow, planned land for road expansion and public land. Some sensitive receptors are presented as Table below. 75. Sensitive Receptors: The proposed roads cross Trieu Son (Trieu Phong district) and Hai Ba, Hai Que, Hai Duong communes (Hai Lang district). Residents mainly live on both sides of route such as Can market area (starting point) in An Luu village; Chua and Lang hamlets in Linh Chieu village, Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong district; sections crossing densely- populated areas of Hai Ba commune, Hoi Yen village, Tan Lap hamlet – Kim Long village, Hai Que commune; Kim Giao, Dien Khanh, Dong Duong, Co Luy, Xuan Vien villages of Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district. Population density is uneven and quite crowded, most people are engaged in agriculture, aquaculture and forestry. Land along the route includes residential land, aquaculture land, land cultivating rice and cassava, peanuts. In addition to the quarries, sand mines, borrow pits and disposal sites, the sensitive receptors identified as follows Table 15.
Page | 26
Table 15. Sensitive receptors
Distance to the Locations on construction No. Sensitive location construction site route I Trieu Phong – Hai Lang inter-district road 1 Densely-populated area in An Luu village, Can 10 - 15 m Km 0+00 market, Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong district. 2 Linh Quang pagoda, Chua hamlet, Linh Chieu 120 - 150 m Km 2+00 village, Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong district. 3 Densely-populated area in Chua hamlet, Linh Chieu village, Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong 10 - 15 m Km 2+00 - Km 3+00 district. 4 Residential area in Lang hamlet – Linh Chieu 10 - 15 m Km 2+00 - Km 3+00 village, Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong district. 5 Residential area in Phuong Lang village, Hai Ba 10 - 15 m Km 3+00 - Km 4+00 commune, Hai Lang district. 6 Residential area (20 - 30 HHs) in Phuong Lang village, 300m from the ending point of Km5+00, 10 - 15 m Km 5+00 Hai Ba commune, Hai Lang district. 7 Residential area (20 - 70 HHs) in Co Luy village, 10 - 15 m Km 5+00 - Km 7+00 Hai Ba commune, Hai Lang district. 8 Tran Thi Tam High School, Hoi Yen village, Hai 150 m Km 9+00 - Km 10+00 Que commune, Hai Lang district. 9 Residential area in Hoi Yen village, Hai Que 5 - 15 m Km 9+00 - Km 10+00 commune, Hai Lang district. 10 Hoi Yen post office, Hai Que commune, Hai Lang Near ending point of 40 m district. Km 10+00 11 Hai Que CPC, Hai Que commune, Hai Lang 40 m Starting point of Km 11+00 district. 12 Residential area in Kim Giao village, Hai Que 5 - 15 m Km 11+00 - Km 12+00 commune, Hai Lang district. 13 Hai Duong market, Hai Duong commune, Hai 200 m Km 13+00 - Km 14+00 Lang district. 14 Head quarter of Hai Duong CPC, Hai Lang district. 10 m Km 13+00 - Km 14+00 15 Dong Duong pagoda, Hai Duong commune, Hai 10 - 15 m Km 14+00 - Km 15+00 Lang district. 16 Phan Van Lineage Hall, Dong Duong village, Hai 40 m Km 14+00 - Km 15+00 Duong commune, Hai Lang district. 17 An Nhon Pagoda, An Nhon village, Hai Duong 120 - 140 m Km 15+00 - Km 16+00 commune, Hai Lang district. 18 Xuan Vien communal house, An Nhon village, Hai 200 m Km 15+00 - Km 16+00 Duong commune, Hai Lang district. 19 Residential areas along the road in Dien Khanh, Dong Duong, An Nhon villages, Hai Duong 10 - 15 m Km 15+00 - Km 16+00 commune, Hai Lang district. II Branches of 1, 2, 3 20 Residential area in Phuong Lang village, Hai Ba Km 1+00 in Section 1, commune, Hai Lang district, starting point of 10 - 15 m branch 1 Branch 1, Section 1 (PR.583). 21 Residential areas along the road in Hoi Yen, Kim Long villages of Hai Que commune; Kim Giao, Starting points of branch 10 - 15 m Dien Khanh, Dong Duong, An Nhon villages of Hai route. Duong commune, Hai Lang district.
Page | 27
VI. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
76. This part mentions the subproject potential impacts and determines mitigation measures to minimize impacts in all design, construction and operation phases of the subproject. The subproject implementation will affect lives of local people, especially residents along the subproject roads. 77. Potential environmental impacts as well as mitigation measures relating to the pre- construction, construction and operation phases are assessed below. The assessment criteria are in line with the ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 and the Government of Vietnam standards based on the Environmental Protection Law (2014). The Environmental Management Plan, which is presented below, includes mitigation measures and monitoring plans for the subproject works. A. Potential impacts and mitigation measures during the pre-construction phase
1. Land acquisition and resettlement
a/ Permanent impacts 78. Impacts on land: Preliminary measurement survey shows that about 74,812 m2 of land in the communes will be affected by the subproject. In particular, the total area of affected residential land is 2,555 m2 owned by 137 households. On average, each household is affected with about 18.6 m2 of residential land. Especially, Hai Duong commune is most affected with more than 800 m2. For agricultural land, the total land area affected by the subproject is 72,257 m2. In which, Hai Duong is the most affected commune with more than 37,145 m2. Summary of affected land area is presented in the Table 16.
Table 16. Summary of land acquisition impacts Commune Unit Residential land Agricultural land Total HHs 137 737 874 Total m2 2,555 72,257 74,812 Source: IOL, 8-9/2017 b/ Temporary impacts 79. During construction, about 2.75 ha of public land are anticipated to be affected for building worker camps, material yard and landfills. Temporarily affected land area is managed by CPCs in the subproject areas and no on-land trees and structures within these areas are affected. c/ Trees – crops cutting down and impacts on landscape 80. The cut-off trees and crops, i.e. banana, mango, jackfruit, longan, litchi... are mainly in garden land of affected households living along the main roads, or in vacant land managed by the CPCs that people make use to plant timber trees like Eucalyptus, Populus, Melaleuca alternifolia, etc. No forest land (natural and production forests) is affected in the subproject area. The site clearance at construction sites will somewhat make change of landscape. However, these impacts will take place within 24 months of construction only. 81. Mitigation measures: During the feasibility study phase, resettlement and land acquisition impacts were determined. The RP will be updated and confirmed the compensation assistance to affected households before construction. In addition, the PMU will notify the CPCs and the AHs fully before the subproject implementation. The arrangements will be made to regularly follow up, record and resolve complaints.
Page | 28
82. Trees and crops, cultivated by local residents, will be compensated under the provisions of the RP.
2. Impacts of Unexploded ordnance (UXO)
83. Impacts: Along the subproject route, UXO may be remained from the war. UXO explosion risks need to be verified based on opinions of authorities and local people to find out if there is an understanding of regional combats in recent decades. 84. Mitigation measures: The PMU will conduct consultations with residents living on both sides of the works to find out any war history in the region that may lead to unexploded ordnance remaining. The PMU will also verify with Quang Tri Provincial War Remedies Center to check whether the subproject area has been checked before. If risk is identified after such consultation, the UXO clearance will be carried out by a specialized military unit. PMU shall ensure that the contractor only starts the construction when all mines and UXO are cleared and the certificate of confirmation for safety site without UXO is issued. B. Potential impacts and mitigation measures during construction phase 1. Dust and exhaust fumes due to construction activities
85. Impacts to the air environment are primarily from such activities as removing surface mud, organic soil, dredging canals, operation of filling soil and sand vehicles, transporting and loading construction material; operation of construction machinery: ground graders, rollers, compactors, bulldozers, etc. Specifically, the evaluation is summarized as follows: 86. Dust pollution impact from earthworks: On average, the excavation or filling of 1m3 of soil will generate a dust amount of about 0.0156 kg/ton, of which 10% is suspended dust7. Total volume of excavated and dredged soil to be transported is 5,626,172 m3 (Table 4) for an assumed period of 24 months; each month has 30 working days and 8 hours/day; the pollution coefficient is E = 0.0165 kg/ton, the forecasted dust load from excavation, filling and leveling is 0.2 - 1.08 mg/m3. Compared with the 1-hour average limit of QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT (0.3 mg/m3), it is 3.6 times higher. This amount of dust is mostly deposited with a large weight, so it is quickly deposited to the ground within a distance of 20-30 m from the locations of the construction items. The main impact scale on workers and local people range at more than 20 ha. However, the construction locations are far away from residential areas, therefore, the impact is low and can be minimized and controlled. 87. Impacts of dust and emissions caused by the transportation of excavated and dredged soil. (i) Dust: The transportation by trucks will generate dust from the road surface. Supposedly, to transport 5,626,172 m3 of soil for an estimated period of 24 months; each months has 30 working days and 8 working hours per day; trucks of 10 tons are suitably for the regional topography; total number of trips for the roadwork is estimated at 15 - 34 trips per day and the maximum emission level will be 0.39 mg/m.s. The calculation of the dust concentration generated by vehicles at the transporting distance of 10 - 20 m and at a height of 1.5 m according to Sutton's modifications model from 0.003 - 0.126 mg/m3. In addition, according to the Gauss model in METI-LIS air model software, dust concentration generated in densely- populated areas at Km 14+00 - Km 16+00 is 0.005 - 0.1 mg/m3 (details are shown in Figure 8). In comparison with the one-hour limit of QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT (0.3 mg/m3) shows that the amount of dust generated by truck transportation is much lower, therefore, the impact is considered low. However, to limit this potential impact, the contractors will have to fully comply with the mitigation measures outlined in this report. (ii) Emission: Trucks that are used for the transport of organic soil from construction sites for leveling and filling use diesel engines. When
7Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume II, Sectorial Guidelines, Environment, World Bank, Washington D.C 8/1991 Page | 29
operating, trucks will generate exhaust fumes containing air pollution components like dust, SO2, NOx, CO, volatile organic compounds (VOC) etc. With 15 - 34 trips of trucks per day as mentioned above at a distance of 30 km per round-trip, according to the WHO’s guidelines in relation to the fuel consumption as well as emissions, the estimated dust generation is 0.81 kg/day; the estimated SO2 is: 0.96 kg/ day; the estimated NOx is: 10.62 kg/ day; the estimated CO is: 5.4 kg/ day; and the estimated is VOC: 2.34 kg/ day. These values are underestimated and the impact level is LOW.
Figure 7. Simulation results of dust impact at Km14+00 - Km16+00of the main route
88. Impacts of dust and emissions caused by the transport of construction material. Such types of construction material as sand, stone, cement, iron and steel etc. used for the subproject construction items are summarized in Table 2, the total quantity of construction material is estimated 59381.4 tons8; the construction time is expected to be 24 months; the transport quantity calculated during a day is 70 tons, using trucks of 10 tons. Therefore, the number of transport vehicles is 8 trips/day with the transport distance for a round-trip of 30 km, according to WHO guidelines on fuel consumption and emissions, the estimated amount of dust generated is 0.27 kg/day; SO2 is 0.32 kg/day; NOx is 3.54 kg/day; CO is 1.8 kg/day; and VOC is 0.78 kg/day. These values are underestimated and the impact level is low. 89. Mitigation measures for effects of dust, emissions from construction activities: - Vehicles must be registered for periodic inspections of emission gas and certified as: "Certificate of conformity with standard from quality, technical safety and environmental protection inspection" according to Decision No.35/2005/QD-BGTVT; - Conduct watering to control dust at least 03 times a day: morning, noon, and afternoon in dry weather with temperatures above 25 Celsius degree or in windy environment. Avoid excessive watering leading to muddy; - Reserves of soil and material must be shielded against wind and erosion and wind
8Norms of construction materials (Official Letter No.1784/BXD-VP of the Ministry of Construction) Page | 30
directions and sensitive positions must be considered (as described as in Table 20); - Workers are equipped with dust-proof tools (masks) at construction sites with high levels of dust and smoke; - Do not burn waste or construction material at construction sites; - Only use means of transport with valid registration - Clean up excess construction material and waste. Arrange personnel to collect and clean up material and waste to the designated place at the end of each day or at the end of a working shift; - Do not arrange supplies/sand and stones on trucks into too high piles as this may lead to leaks on roads during transport. Trucks carrying waste and large quantities of material must be covered securely before leaving construction sites or quarries and borrow pits, in order to limit leaks on roads during transport; - In where there is gathering of temporary supplies and garbage dumps with a volume of about 20 m3, it must be barricaded or covered to avoid dust dispersal; - Transport waste from construction sites to designated locations for reuse or to disposal sites as soon as possible; - Do not let vehicles and machinery run idle for more than 5 minutes; - Avoid preparation of construction material, i.e. concrete mixing near residential areas or other sensitive works like pagodas, schools, clinic, etc.; - Trucks used to transport construction material and wastes must be cleaned periodically. 2. Impacts on surface and underground water quality a. Due to stormwater runoff through the construction sites
90. Impacts: The quality of the storm water runoff depends on the cleanliness of the atmosphere and the amount of leaching substances on the subproject sites. At the construction sites, the quality of storm water runoff only depends on the site surface because the current status of the air environment quality in the subproject area is quite good which cannot pollute the rainwater source. The pollution components in the storm water runoff at the construction phase mainly consist of suspended substances and oil and grease, to be swept away by rainwater. In particular, in this phase, the construction surface is incomplete, which is easily washed away and eroded. It is estimated that the dirt accumulation in about 15 days in the subproject area is 149.3 kg 9, containing the main components of soil, sand, an amount of oil, sediment, and rags to be swept by water, small size solid waste, and some other dirt on the surface of the construction sites. This amount of dirt will follow storm water runoff through the areas into surrounding rivers and canals at Km1+032 (Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong district); Km3+276, Km5+020, Km6+866, Km8+003 (Hai Ba commune), Km11+611,Km12+487, Km13+192, Km13+777, Km14+436, Km14+706, Km15+579 in Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district and cause negative impacts on aqua-habitats in this canal system. 91. Mitigation measures: Rain water, by nature, does not cause environmental pollution. On the other hand, it also has the effect of cleaning the environment and the effect of biological balance. However, during the construction phase, if it is raining, rainwater will wash away and carry soil and stones, making the surface water sources polluted. The contractors should take measures like temporary ditches and manholes to settle dirt and to avoid affecting the surface water environment in the region. In addition, the construction units should thoroughly collect material that spill on the construction sites and waste oil of vehicles and machinery during the
9Tran Duc Ha, Water Resources Management and Protection, Science and Technology Publishing House, 2009, Hanoi. Page | 31 construction, then rainwater will not wash away many pollution substances to the surrounding water sources. For these reasons, this impact is considered negligible.
b. Impacts due to domestic and construction wastewater
92. The impacts include: (i) Domestic wastewater from workers’ camps and construction wastewater. In a construction site, there are about 30-70 workers. The most concentrated number of workers appears in the first phase of the subproject and will gradually decrease as the construction gradually goes into completion. With the water consumption norm of 100 liters of water/person/day (according to TCXDVN 33: 2006 on Water Supply - Pipeline Network and Works - Design Standards of the Ministry of Construction), the amount of wastewater generated is equal to 80% of the amount of supplied water (80 liters/person/day), then the total amount of domestic wastewater generated at each construction site varies from 2.55 to 5.95 m3/day. This amount of waste water will gradually decrease over time till the end of the subproject. Moreover, this amount of wastewater is not entirely generated on the construction sites thank to the use of local workers (expected to be about 30 people) to minimize the generation of waste water; (ii) wastewater generated during construction due to washing of raw material, equipment, machinery, concrete water, wheel washing etc. This amount of waste water ranges from 0.3 to 1.5 m3/day depending on each construction site. The average amount of construction wastewater is about 4.5 m3/day. The characteristics of this type of waste water is containing high content of suspended solids and organic substances which may affect surface water quality of the drainage canals at Km1+032 (Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong district); Km3+276, Km5+020, Km6+866, Km8+003 (Hai Ba commune), Km11+611, Km12+487, Km13+192, Km13+777, Km14+436, Km14+706, Km15+579 in Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district. The impact level is assessed as Medium. 93. Mitigation measures: - Contractors must be responsible for complying with the laws of Vietnam regarding discharge of wastewater into water sources; - Employ local labor to limit waste and domestic waste generation; - Toilets must be built with septic tanks for waste water treatment before being discharged into the environment. Use portable toilets with 3-compartment septic tanks in the construction sites of main work-items like roads. Wastewater from toilets as well as kitchens, bathrooms, sinks, etc. on sites must be collected into a simple septic tank system for preliminary treatment or must be discharged into the general drainage system of the area. Direct discharge into any surface water source in the area is not permitted; - Wastewater containing pollutants from buildings that exceed National Technical Standards must be collected and treated by licensed waste collection and treatment units; - Dredge canals around workers' camps every week - In the pre-construction phase, all licenses or certificates required for wastewater treatment/or wastewater treatment contracts must be concluded; - When the construction is completed, wastewater and septic tanks must be demolished or sealed safely and effectively. c. Impacts on surface and underground water quality due to solid waste on construction sites
94. Impacts: (i) Solid waste which are packages, plastic bags, bottles, cans, wood, papers, vegetables, fruits, leftovers etc. discharged by workers is also a source of environmental pollution if it is not collected and treated in accordance with the regulations. With the number of Page | 32 workers on a site from 30-70 people, the estimated amount of solid waste per person is 0.3 kg/person/day. Therefore, the total amount of solid waste generated in a day is 9-21 kg. If this amount of waste is not managed and collected effectively, it will affect surface water and underground water, causing unpleasant odors in the subproject area due to the decomposition and swept away by rainwater; (ii) solid waste generated during the main construction process includes packages of cement, spilled cement mortar, scraps of rubble and bricks and metal but mainly from the earthwork etc. The volume of these types of solid waste depends largely on many factors as the construction process, the subproject management regime, the supply sources of construction material etc. The total volume of solid waste generated from construction is estimated about 5,626,172 m3 of excavated soil and rubble removed from the construction items of roads and longitudinal drainage, sluice system. In addition, the amount of soil generated from excavation of foundation is considerable. The amount of soil from foundation pit excavation is generated significantly. The volume of excavation soil at foundation pit can be used for backfill. Impacts possibly occur during the storage and transportation of excavated soil, affecting population and traffic when erosion, spilling at storage locations occurs near residential areas and existing roads; causing water pollution by suspended solids in case of being discharged or spilled into the water sources of canals system in the subproject areas. 95. Mitigation measures. To minimize this negative impact, the contractors should apply the following measures: - Prior to the construction, a solid waste control procedure (storage, provision of dustbins, site cleanup plans, dustbins cleanup plans, etc.) must be prepared by the contractors, and the contractors must carefully monitor it throughout the construction process; - Prior to the construction, all necessary permits or certificates for waste disposal must be completed; - Solid waste may be temporarily stored at site in areas designated by the relevant construction supervision consultant and local authorities before being collected and treated by competent waste collection companies - Waste dustbins must be covered, leak-proofing, resistant to rains and sun and resisting stench; - The contractors must dispose of demolished solid waste or stone bricks which are not treated at construction sites at designated sites and are pre-approved by the construction supervision consultant and included in the solid waste treatment plans. Any situation that the contractors treat waste and material in sensitive environmental areas, natural ecological areas or canals, rivers and streams is not acceptable; - Place dustbins in workers' camps. Temporary collection and classification of domestic waste separately should be implemented. Provide watertight dustbins with lids to avoid odors and leakage, attracting flies, mice and other diseases. Periodically collect and transport waste to landfill as regulated; - Soil surface used for concrete mixing must be waterproof. The collection of cement- containing waste and wastewater must be through drainage canals with settling holes at construction sites before wastewater is discharged into rivers/canals; - Components that are possibly reused or recycled from construction waste before transporting them to landfill must be implemented; - Weathered soil, wood and bricks can be reused for useful purposes. Soil can be used for leveling. Wood scraps can be used for cooking. Iron, steel, packages and other types of material can be recycled and delivered or sold to scrap collection facilities - The collection and disposal of waste and cleanup of construction sites must be carried
Page | 33
out at the end of each day or at the end of each shift and transport waste out of the construction sites as soon as possible. In the case of temporary storage of dredged sludge, necessary measures should be taken to control contamination, i.e. leaving waste in closed containers, covered with lids, in fenced areas, etc. accompanied by warning signs. 3. Impacts on water and soil quality due to hazardous waste generation and disposal
96. The main impacts are as follows: - Hazardous waste generated during the construction and living activities of workers on construction sites are mainly plastic containers/cans containing used oil, lubricant, gasoline, neon bulbs, batteries, grease rags of transport vehicles, etc. The amount of hazardous waste generated is estimated at 2% of the total domestic solid waste, equivalent to 0.3 – 0.5 kg/day. Only for small repairs, the contractors perform on site (such as oil change; the average oil change is 16 liters/truck; the oil change cycle is from 3 to 6 months depending on intensity operation of machinery and equipment). All major repairs and maintenance of equipment and machinery are performed by the contractors at the workshops in the district centers. The contractors will take measures to collect and treat hazardous waste according to the regulations to minimize negative impacts on the regional environment; - On the other hand, another source of hazardous waste generated during road construction is a small amount of waste welding rods. Waste welding rods generated at each site due to the welding of steel frames. However, the number of welding rods arises intermittently and mainly focuses on the first phase of construction works. The estimated average amount of welding rods on each site is 3-5 kg/month. This amount of welding rods will be collected by workers to the places where hazardous waste is collected in accordance with the regulations. 97. Mitigation measures: - The temporary collection, storage and transportation of all hazardous wastes for disposal (grease, oil, organic solvents, chemicals, oil paints, etc.) must comply with Circular No.36/2015/TT-BTNMT on waste risk management - Collect and temporarily store used oil and grease separately in specialized containers, placed in a safe and ventilated areas with impermeable roof floors, at absolute safe distance from sources of fire. Contract with grease/oil suppliers/manufacturers for delivery at site; - Any type of chemical waste will be disposed and pre-approved at a landfill and in accordance with local legal requirements and regulations. The contractors must have certificates of handling of necessary chemical waste; - The disposal of hazardous substances must be handled by the workers who passed through special training and have certificates for hazardous waste handling; - Used oil and grease will be taken out of the sites and sold to a previously approved oil and grease recycling and purchasing facilities; - Oil, lubricant, detergents, etc. generated from the maintenance of motor vehicles and machinery will be collected in containers, taken out of the construction sites by competent companies to treat them at the pre-approved hazardous waste disposal sites; - Used oil or contaminated oil-containing material are carefully stored in roofted and concret floor, 50 m far from water resources, to avoid leakage or impact on workers
Page | 34
- Appropriate training and communication programs should be prepared and organized for workers so that they can identify and respond promptly to hazardous chemicals at work; - Prepare and implement remedial actions when there is an accidental case of oil leakage. In this case, a contractor must submit a report that clearly explains the causes of the oil spill, consequences/damages, and proposed remedial actions. 4. Noise and vibration generated in the construction process ➢ Noise 98. Impacts: In addition to the pollution sources of dust and exhaust fumes caused by earthworks and transportation, the operation of construction equipment such as bulldozers, compactors, cranes, drillers, concrete mixers, excavators, trucks, etc. cause significant noise and vibration. The forecasts of noise levels arising from construction equipment is presented in Table 17. High noise intensity will affect health such as insomnia, fatigue, and psychological discomfort. Noise also reduces the productivity of workers on the sites, causing distraction, which leads to labor accidents. According to the calculation and evaluation results, the noise levels at the construction sites are assessed at average and can be mitigated. Table 17. Noise levels from construction machinery
Noise level at distance No. Machines, equipment 15m 100m 200m 1 Truck of 10 tons 70 - 96 70 - 96 59.5 53.5 2 Bulldozer 93 56.5 50.5 3 Compactor (roller) 72 – 74 37.5 31.5 4 Excavator 72 – 84 47.5 41.5 5 Bucket excavator 72 – 93 56.5 50.5 6 Scraper, bladder 80 – 93 56.5 50.5 7 Concrete mixer 75 – 88 51.5 45.5 8 Concrete pump 80 – 83 46.5 40.5 9 Concrete vibrator 85 48.5 42.5 10 Electric generator 72 – 83 46 40 11 Self-propelled driller 75 – 106 69.5 63.5 12 Hoist 76 – 87 50.5 44.5 (Source: EPA, 1971; Bames et al., 1976) 99. Mitigation measures: - Construction vehicles and machines used for the subproject must be guaranteed passing the Register's inspections. Do not use obsolete vehicles and machinery that are likely noisy during transportation and construction; - Do not mobilize too many vehicles and machines into one location at the same time, during the working time, which will reduce resonance noise affecting workers; - The use of air horns for transport means in residential areas and streets in material transport route are prohibited; - Regular maintenance and inspection of construction means, replacement of actuated parts, installation and maintenance of silencers must be ensured in accordance with the standards and regulations about noise and always make sure they work well; - Do not construct, transport raw material or use noisy equipment like drilling machines, excavators, concrete-pile driving machines from 21 PM to 6 AM and from 11-13 PM; - Check the noise level of transport and machinery means during construction, if the noise level is greater than the permitted limit, silencers must be installed.
Page | 35
- For construction sites near residential areas, the Project Owner shall apply the following specific mitigation measures: + Build temporary barriers separating the construction sites from the areas adjacent to residential areas; fences are corrugated iron, iron frame to minimize noise and dust; + Install silencers for loud noise equipment such as excavators, tampers, bulldozers, vibrating compactors etc. A noise reduction device (silencers) is a set of rubber covers mounted on construction machines. The covers will absorb noise from the device, and the rubber material can withstand impacts during operation; + Do not use noisy equipment at the same time at construction sites near residential areas. ➢ Vibration 100. Impacts: The source of vibration during construction is from construction machinery and vehicles on the construction sites. The vibration levels of construction facilities are statistically calculated according to the experiment in Table 18, showing the observation values of vibration levels measured from construction machines and equipment at a distance of 10m, exceeding the permitted limit of QCVN 27: 2010/BTNMT; at a distance of 30m, the vibration levels from construction machinery and vehicles is lower than the permitted limit. Therefore, suffered from the vibration of machinery and construction equipment are workers who directly operate and work on the construction sites. Table 18. Vibration levels from construction equipment and machinery Unit: dB Construction Vibration at a distance of Vibration at a distance of Vibration at a distance of No. equipment 10m 30m 60m 1 Bulldozers 79 69 59 2 10-ton truck 74 64 54 3 Compactors 77 67 57 4 Excavators 77 67 57 5 Pile driving 85 75 65 machine QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT 75 (6h - 21h) Source: Technical guidelines for EIA reports, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, National University of Civil Engineering Note: QCVN 27: 2010/BTNMT: National technical regulation on vibration (6h - 21h) 101. Mitigation measures: - The contractors must submit documents proving that all equipment and machinery are inspected/calibrated to meet the vibration requirements in accordance with the National Technical Regulation on Vibration - QCVN 27: 2010/BTNMT of Vietnam; - The contractors must take pictures of the current status of structures around the construction sites, especially in the areas as fences, gates or houses of sensitive objects. Any damages to existing structures due to vibration during construction must be remedied by the contractor's own cost. The status of sensitive objects should be photographed (please see Table 20) before the construction starts; - Activities that generate noise and vibration should not be done before 5 am and after 10 pm daily in the areas adjacent to local community. 5. Impacts by the influx of construction workers
102. Impacts: During the construction phase, along with the concentration of construction machinery, an average of 30-70 workers/03 subproject items of road construction and major upgrading of main drainage axes will likely make certain regional disturbances below: Page | 36
- Increasing the consumption demand of goods in the region such as food and household amenities; - Arising relationships between workers at construction sites and local people. The possibility of conflicts between workers and local people will be higher if workers coming from other regions do not understand the customs of the local people. There is also the possibility of arising conflicts between workers at the construction sites which are near each other; - During construction, the concentration of a large number of workers will be the high risk of social evils (gambling, theft, addiction, prostitution etc.). The security and order will become more complicated and difficult to manage and make it difficult for local police forces; - In addition, a large concentration of workers in the construction sites is responsible for the emergence and spread of water-borne disease outbreaks (cholera, dysentery, typhoid, diarrhea) or via intermediaries (malaria, hemorrhage etc.) as well as social diseases (gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV, etc.), affecting the health of the local community. These impacts are easily happening without control measures. 103. Mitigation measures: - Prioritize the use of local labor force when they fully meet the requirements; - Coordinate with local authorities to declare temporary residence for construction workers from other places; - Disseminate local regulations on order and security, culture, habits and customs of local people; - Workers are strictly prohibited: alcoholic drinks during working time; quarrel and fight; gambling, involving social evils as drugs and prostitution; and littering waste; - The contractors coordinate with local health authorities to organize disease control plans for workers; - Project owners and contractors work together with local authorities to prevent against social evils; conduct propaganda campaigns for workers and the community on the above issues and social evils; contact local organizations to ensure monitoring; establish a general complaint settlement system to the community in the subproject area; - Appoint part-time officers who are regularly present at the construction sites to receive feedback from the community; promptly remedy complaints or reactions from the community due to construction-related environmental issues; - The construction process must not absolutely encroach outside the scope of works without the consent of the community and local authorities. 6. Health and safety risks for workers and local people
104. Impacts: The construction activities may be the risk of accidents to workers, especially the earthworks and heavy-related activities. Transporting material and construction activities on existing roads may be the risk of traffic insecurity, affecting houses and other structures on roadsides. 105. Mitigation measures: The contractors will (i) train workers on safety, including their roles, responsibilities, and sanitation practices; (ii) establish rules at construction sites and shelters and provide workers appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) like shoes, helmets, protective clothing, gloves and ear protection facilities, etc.,; (iii) ensure that drivers and machine operators are trained and licensed; (iv) ensure that all excavation sites are barricaded with sign boards and markers; and (v) assign supervisors to ensure that all safety rules are supervised at all times. (vi) install warning signs, information boards, lighting at night, fences and barriers, to
Page | 37 ensure safety in the construction sites, borrow pits and disposal sites. The subproject will pay attention to the comments and complaints of local people and authorities about the safety.
7. Find chance- detection of heritages during construction and measures
106. Impacts: No adverse impacts relating to physical cultural resources on the environment will occur within the diameter of 1000m around the subproject area. However, during the construction process, the contractors shall apply the mitigation measures below. 107. Mitigation measures: The contractors must be aware of the physical cultural resources (PCRs) and must carry out the "Accidental Cultural Discovery Protocol" when detecting cultural values. If there are any accidental discovery exhibits during the earthworks, the parties will follow the following process:
• Stop all construction activities in where there are physical cultural resources discovered; • Make preliminary description of the areas or sites of discovered PCRs; • Protect the PCR areas. In the case of discoverable movable antiques or sensitive remains, night protection must be arranged until local authorities or the Provincial Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism or the Archaeological Institute came to take over; • Notify the Supervision Engineer, who will immediately notify the Project Owner, local authorities and the Institute of Archeology about such PCRs (within 24 hours or less); • Local authorities and Vietnam National Administration of Tourism will be responsible for protecting and preserving the PCRs before deciding the next appropriate procedures. This may require the Archaeological Institute to conduct a preliminary assessment of the findings. The significance and importance of these findings will be evaluated according to various criteria related to cultural heritages. Those criteria include aesthetic, historical, scientific or research, social and economic values • Decisions on how to handle these findings will be made by the competent authorities. They may include changes to the layout space (if a PCR is a cultural relic that cannot be relocated or is of archeological importance), conservation, preservation, restoration and excavation; • The execution of decisions of competent authorities regarding the PCR management will be communicated in writing; and • The construction of works on sites can only resume after obtaining permission from the local responsible authorities and the PMU relating to the protection of such PCRs. 8. Site-specific impacts during construction ➢ Impacts on local traffic, other infrastructure works and local flooding 108. Impacts: The transport of material may interfere with traffic volume in densely populated areas during peak hours where the construction route passes through (200-1000m in length) such as Can market area (starting point) in An Luu village, Cua, Lang hamlets of Linh Chieu village, Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong district; sections crossing through densely-populated areas in Hai Ba commune, Hoi Yen village, Tan Lap hamlet – Kim Long village, Hai Que commune; Kim Giao, Dien Khanh, Dong Duong, Co Luy and Xuan Vien villages of Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district at rush hour; and may damage the current status of local roads during the construction of the works. In addition, the construction of subproject roads will result in renewal of the horizontal and vertical drainage systems on the roads causing temporary impacts on the irrigation systems at Km1+032 (Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong district); Km3+276, Km5+020, Km6+866, Km8+003 (Hai Ba commune), Km11+611, Km12+487, Km13+192, Km13+777, Km14+436, Km14+706, Km15+579 in Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district.
Page | 38
109. Mitigation measures: To minimize disturbance for local people, there will be Contractor Environmental Management Plan (CEMP), and Traffic Construction Plan indicating the times of traffic vehicles to avoid peak hours, to be submitted to the Construction Supervision Consultant. The contractors will coordinate with local traffic management agencies to implement appropriate traffic diversion plans to avoid traffic congestion for residents due to the subproject activities and material transport. The contractors will install visible sign boards that can be clearly seen even at night and send workers waving flags to warn of dangers. There are emergency response plans in case of incidents. There will be periodical maintenance of roads to ensure the travel of people. The contractors will recover any affected and damaged routes when the subproject works complete and install signboards to limit the load of vehicles transporting material on the roads to the construction sites. At the same time, the contractors will build temporary canals to replace the old irrigation system to serve production activities not to be uninterrupted. ➢ Impacts on water surface source and flow at bridge construction location 110. Impacts: Construction of bridge piers and abutments will cause impacts on surface flow and increase of turbidity for the canals and ditches flowing through the construction area. Materials from the bridge construction can fall into the river. In addition, materials stored along canals such as concrete, cement, paint, steel and other substances can penetrate water sources, degrade surface water quality and aquatic life. 111. Mitigation measures: Construction of bridge abutments will be conducted within 06 months (dry season) by appropriate methods (such as successive construction method). Therefore, these impacts are MEDIUM and mitigable. C. Potential impacts and mitigation measures in the operation phase 1. Risk in traffic safety in the upgraded road
112. Impacts: The upgrading and construction of roads may increase the risk of traffic accidents and traffic jams due to high traffic density and speed of vehicles. Rapid deterioration of sidewalks, bridges and drainage systems will be caused by occasional maintenance. 113. Mitigation measures: Quang Tri Department of Transport will arrange warning signs and sign boards at the intersection areas; arrange speed-signs when the road passes through residential areas; assign officers to regularly check the road to limit speed overtaking and not complying with traffic safety laws. Sufficient annual maintenance and operation budget should be provided to ensure that all equipment is in good condition. Regular sanitation on the road and planting green trees on both sides of the road and in the medians should be implemented.
2. Noise and vibration impacts, changes in dust levels or air quality from increased traffic volumes
114. Impacts: Dust and noise level can increase due to increase in traffic flow on the new road. This impact can affect people who live along the road. 115. Mitigation measures: - Trieu Phong & Hai Lang DPC will be responsible for management of the road during operation phase; - There should be warning signs with speed limit for vehicles along the road to avoid overspeed which can blow soil and sand from the road surface, causing dust pollution as well as vibration and noise pollution along the road; - Trees will be planted and taken care by URENCO along the road sides to create green space and contribute into dust and noise prevention. This will also improve air
Page | 39
environment along the road; - Periodical maintenance will be provided to the road to fix any failed or degraded sections so that potholes on the road can be minimized; as a result, noise and vibration can be mitigated; - On dry days, the road should be watered to minimize dust in the air by URENCO Trieu Phong & Hai Lang District.
Page | 40
VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURES AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION
116. The objective of the stakeholder consultation is to disseminate subproject information and its expected impacts, long-term as well as short-term, among primary and secondary stakeholders, and to gather information on relevant issues in an attempt to receive feedback to address these issues at the early stage of subproject design. Another important objective is to determine the extent of the concerns amongst the community to address these concerns during the subproject implementation and to suggest appropriate mitigation measures. A. Preparation of community consultations 117. Public consultations have been arranged with the participation of representatives of affected households, beneficiaries, CPCs, environmental specialists; resettlement experts; gender experts; Group leaders/Village heads and representatives of mass organizations such as Farmer’s Association, Women’s Union, Fatherland Front and Youth Union. The public consultations are participated by both men and women to discuss the potential impacts of resettlement and environment, positive impacts by the subproject implementation. These meetings are held in the CPCs’ meeting room. All representatives of organizations and households were informed and invited before holding the meeting. 118. 05 public consultations were conducted in May 2017 with 71 people (17 women, accounting for 24%) including representatives of local authorities, a number of mass organizations in the subproject communes such as Women’s Union, Farmer’s Association, Veteran’s Association and AHs and beneficiaries. Specific information on the participants is presented in the following table:
Table 19. Summary of public consultation during the preparation of IEE, RP
Gender No. Commune Total Male Female 1 Trieu Son 22 3 25 2 Hai Ba 4 2 6 3 Hai Que 6 2 8 4 Hai Duong 10 2 12 5 Hai An 12 8 20 Total 54 17 71 Source: Summary of public consultation and IEE, RP survey (5/2017). B. Information Dissemination During Public Consultation 119. Sufficient information will be provided through local authorities to improve the subproject implementation to better serve the stakeholders. Also, public consultations possibly contribute to the following: i) Harnessing information from those who know the situation to help local authorities in reconfirming local licenses and registrations, which will be required in the later stage; ii) Obtaining cooperation from residents to avoid cost and time for grievance redress; iii) Identifying local infrastructure subprojects or other local initiatives in respect of road construction of this subproject and the assistance from related agencies; iv) Collecting relevant information on the current condition of the local environment including such aspects as forest, wildlife and conservation. 120. The information disseminated during the public consultations included: (i) Background of the Project and the subproject; (ii) basic information related to the ADB’s and the Government’s requirements about environmental protection and management; (iii) potential impacts and mitigation measures during the subproject implementation; and (iv) the grievance redress
Page | 41
mechanism. 121. Quang Tri PMU of BIIG2 project takes the main responsibility of community consultations throughout the subproject implementation and will be supported by the LIC. Affected community will be involved and surveyed through field surveys, investigation of sensitive areas, interviews and community consultation meetings. Details of the implementation plan are in Table 20. Table 20. Public consultation plan
Organizers Methods Frequency Subject Participants Construction phase Contractors Public Prior to the start of Presentation of planned Potentially affected consultation construction works activities and schedule; households, representatives and quarterly anticipated impacts, of local authorities thereafter mitigation measures, and Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) PMU, LIC Public Once before Presentation of planned Potentially affected consultation, construction activities and schedule; households, representatives field surveys commencement anticipated impacts, of local authorities and random (public consultation) mitigation measures, and interviews and semi-annually Grievance Redress thereafter during Mechanism. construction (site visits and random interviews) PMU, LIC Expert When needed, based Comments and Experts of various sectors workshop on public consultation suggestions on mitigation measures, public opinion LIC Public Once at MTR stage Public satisfaction with Potentially affected opinion EMP implementation households, representatives survey of local authorities Operation phase PMU, LIC Public Once at the first year Efficiency of impact Potentially affected consultation mitigation measure during households, representatives and site visits the operation stage, of local authorities comments and suggestions LIC, PMU Public Once for physical Public satisfaction with Potentially affected satisfaction cultural resources EMP implementation; households, representatives survey (PCR) comments and of local authorities suggestions C. Public Consultation Results 122. Public consultation results are presented in Table below. In general, all parties support the subproject implementation. The subproject is implemented in low population density and upgrading of new road will be conducted on the planned route, there is no displaced household and insignificant land acquisition area, therefore, all local people support the subproject.
Table 21. Main issues and information from local authorities Main issues Information from local authorities Forest in the subproject area Quang Tri DARD: There is no natural forest in the subproject districts that is vulnerable to subproject activities Biodiversity in the subproject area Quang Tri DONRE: There is no protected area in the subproject and its vicinity. The nearest protected area is Bac Huong Hoa Natural Reserve, 80km from the center point of the subproject road.
Page | 42
Table 22. Main environmental concerns from public consultation
Commune Issues Recommendations of community Feedbacks of PMU Trieu Son, - The main discussion - Most people support the - The Consultant, PMU Hai Ba, issues are impacts of subproject implementation and explained that the Hai Que, construction on expect the subproject can be interruption is temporary, Hai Duong ambient air quality, soon completed and put into negative impacts on local people’s business operation; environment is mitigable; and production - Appropriate compensation - The Contractors are process, wastes and should be provided to affected requested to apply mitigation measures; people; successive construction - Current state of - The PMU is requested to take method and have shielding goods transportation measures to avoid traffic and warning plans at the and agricultural interruption during construction construction site. cultivation in the process; locality; - Gathering materials in - Impacts on daily designated locations; arranging activities of local warning signs in dangerous people; places; - Construction activities do not much affect local people’s daily lives.
123. The environmental assessment process under the SPS 2009 requires the disclosure of the IEE. The IEE, including the EMP will be displayed at the PPC office and on the ADB website. Quang Tri PMU will be responsible about IEE translation for Vietnamese and dissemination in Trieu Son, Hai Ba, Hai Que and Hai Duong communes of Trieu Phong and Hai Lang districts.
Page | 43
VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM
A. Purpose of the mechanism 124. During the subproject preparation, local people will be informed of subproject scope, socio-environmental impacts. Negative impacts of socio-environmental nature or resettlement may occur in the construction and operation phases. Any comments/feedbacks of local people, especially affected people, will be redressed promptly and transparently in accordance with the regulations. The grievance redress mechanism for all levels is classified and responsibilities of stakeholders, accessed through the Commune People's Committees or directly to the PMU by project signboards with detailed contact information (telephone number), are located in designated locations. In fact, complainants may also contact the contractors directly. The PMU may request the DoNRE to assist in the technical assessment of complaints relating to environmental impacts (e.g., emissions of vehicles, dust, noise, vibration) as required. B. Grievance redress process Stage 1: If a household or individual has any complaint, they can submit in written or verbal statements to the representative of their CPC - Community monitoring board (usually the Vice Chairman of the commune/town). The CPC will work with the PMU to solve complaints and a representative of PMU will respond in written form to the complainant. The CPC will meet in person with the aggrieved affected people and will have 30 days and as maximum as 60 days after the lodging of the complaint to resolve the complaint; however, depending upon whether it is a complicated case or the case from a remote area. The CPC secretariat is responsible for documenting and keeping files of all complaints that it handles. Stage 2: If after 30 days or 45 days (in remote areas), an aggrieved affected people does not receive feedback from the CPC, or if the affected household is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, the affected household may bring the case, in written form, to any member of the DPC. The DPC will have 30 days or as maximum as 70 days after the lodging of the complaint to resolve the case, however, depending on whether the case is complicated or in remote area. The DPC is responsible for documenting and keeping file of all complaints that it handles and will inform the District Resettlement Committee (DRC) of any decision made and the DRC is responsible for supporting DPC to resolve AH’s complaint. The DPC must ensure that the complainant is notified of the decision, which has been made. Stage 3: If after 30 days or 45 days (in remote areas), an aggrieved affected household does not receive any feedback from the DPC, or if the affected household is not satisfied with the decision made on his/her complaint, the affected household may bring the case, in written form, to any member of the PPC. The PPC has 30 days or as maximum as 70 days to resolve the complaint satisfactorily for all stakeholders. However, it depends on whether the case is complicated or from a remote area. The PPC is responsible for maintaining records of complaints, actions and outcomes. Stage 4: If all efforts to resolve disputes using the grievance redress procedure remain unresolved or unsatisfactory, after a period of thirty days, complainants have the right to bring the cases to the Court of law for adjudication. The decisions of the Court are compulsory for all parties. The organization chart of the Grievance Redress Mechanism is described bel
Page | 44
Complaints from AHs or APs
If complaint is not resolved within 30 days (60 days in case of remote CPC/PMU Step 1 area)
If complaint is not resolved within 30 DPC Step 2 days (45 in case of remote area)
If complaint is not resolved within PPC Step 3 30 days, or as maximum as 70 days
Court Step 4
Page | 45
IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS
A. Implementation Arrangement 125. Quang Tri PMU will recruit an ESS under the Loan Implementation Consultancy (LIC) to support the implementation of the project in Quang Tri. ESS will support the PMU to update the Environmental Management Plan and also monitor the compliance of contractors during the construction process. ESS will also be responsible for training and capacity building on EMP implementation. 126. The PMU will engage CSC to monitor and supervise subprojects in general as well as monitor environment in particular. CSC will ensure that contractors comply with the regulations in the EMP of the subproject.
Table 23. Responsibilities for EMP implementation
Agencies Responsibilities Quang Tri Provincial • Be responsible for overall EMP implementation, work and submit reports on People's Committee environmental protection measures to ADB. (PPC) is the Executive • Establish a Project Steering Committee (PSC) to support the subproject Agency (EA) of the implementation (provision of policies and technical guidelines). Participants to subproject the PSC are key personnel from the concerned departments and agencies as the DOC, DOT, DOF, DoNRE and the CPCs. Quang Tri Project • Ensure that EMP provisions are strictly implemented during the various Management Unit subproject phases (design/pre-construction, construction and operation) to under DPI (PMU) mitigate environmental impacts to acceptable levels. • Monitor the implementation of the EMP (mitigation and monitoring measures) with assistance from CSC and ESS. • Ensure that Subproject implementation complies with ADB's environmental policy and safeguards policy statement (SPS 2009). • For the duration of the subproject, commit to allocate full-time environmental staff to oversee the implementation of the EMP. • Ensure that environmental protection and mitigation measures in the EMP are incorporated in the detailed design. • With the support of the ESS, update the EMP to suit any changes in the scope of the subproject or any arising impact. • Obtain necessary environmental approval(s) from DONRE prior to the award of civil works contracts. • Include the updated EMP in the bid and contract documents for civil works. • Establish an environmental grievance redress mechanism, as described in the IEE, to receive and resolve affected peoples' concerns, complaints, and grievances about the subproject's environmental performance. • With assistance from ESS, prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports for submission to ADB. • Based on the results of EMP monitoring, identify environmental corrective actions and prepare a corrective action plan, as necessary, for submission to ADB. Environmental • Support to PMU staff for EMP implementation Safeguard Officer • Work closely with the ESS for the supervision of EMP implementation and (ESO) preparation of EMP monitoring report. Environmental • Update the Environmental Management Plan to ensure that it is sufficient with Safeguard Specialist current conditions and any change in design or in project size or any (ESS) unexpected impacts. • Ensure that environmental protection and mitigation measures in the EMP are incorporated in the detailed design; Page | 46
Agencies Responsibilities • Assist the PMU to ensure that all environmental requirements and mitigation measures from the IEE and EMP are incorporated in the bidding documents and contracts. • During detailed design phase, carry out baseline data collection (as specified in the EMP). • During detailed design phase, prepare construction method (Waste and spoil treatment plan) described in the IEE/EMP. • Carry out all tasks allocated to the ESS in the EMP. • Work with the PMU to execute any additional environmental assessment prior to subproject construction as required in the EMP (e.g., preparation of new or supplementary environmental assessment in case of any change in alignment that will result in further potential environmental impacts that are not within the scope of the originally prepared IEE. • Undertake environmental management capacity building activities for PMU as described in the IEE and EMP. • Engage international and national environment specialists to ensure proper implementation of EMP provisions. Through these specialists, the ESS shall: (i) ensure proper and timely implementation of ESP’s tasks specified in the EMP, (ii) conduct environmental training as specified in the IEE/EMP for PMU, (iii) conduct workers’ orientation on EMP provisions, (iv) undertake regular monitoring of the contractor’s environmental performance, as scheduled in the EMP (v) conduct field measurements for surface/ground water quality, dust and noise as required in the EMP, and (v) prepare environmental baseline report and environmental semi- annual environmental monitoring reports , as specified in the EMP, for submission to ADB. Construction • Provide the ESS relevant information as well as full access to the subproject Supervision site and all project-related facilities (such as construction yards, workers' Consultant (CSC) camps, borrow and quarry areas, crushing plants, concrete mixing plants, etc.) to monitor contractors' implementation of the subproject EMP, assess environmental impacts resulting from on-going site works and operation related facilities, undertake environmental effects monitoring and orientation of workers on EMP implementation. • Undertake day-to-day subproject supervision to ensure that contractors properly implement the EMP. • Orient workers on EMP implementation, and health and safety procedures. • Document and report to PMU on occupational accidents, diseases and incidents. • As part of regular progress report submission to PMU, prepare reports on the status of the contractors’ implementation of the EMP and health and safety issues. • Engage an environmental staff to ensure proper implementation of the above tasks. Contractor • Recruit or appoint qualified individual to act as the contractor's environmental officer to ensure compliance with environmental statutory and contractual obligations and proper implementation of the Subproject EMP. • Ensure full understanding of the EMP and resources required for its implementation when preparing the bid for the work. • Implement additional environmental mitigation measures, as necessary. Quang Tri Department • Responsible for operation and maintenance of Subproject road. of Transportation • Implement the EMP monitoring during operation phase. (DOT) Quang Tri Department • Review and approve environmental assessment reports required by the of Natural Resources Government. and Environment • Undertake monitoring of the subproject’s environmental performance based (DORNE) on their mandate. Page | 47
The organization structure of Environmental Management Plan is shown in the Figure below.
ADB Quang Tri PPC (Asian Development Bank) DONREs
Nghe An – Ha Tinh – Quang Binh Quang Tri PMU-ESO PMU - PMU-ESO PMU-ESO ESO
Environmental Safeguard Specialist (ESS)
Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC)
Monitoring Reporting
Construction Contractors Figure 8. EMP Implementation Organization Chart
B. Mitigation measures 127. Potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures are presented in the following Table 24. The table also presents responsibilities and timeframe/schedule for implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring. 128. The following table 24 indicates that most mitigation activities in the pre-construction phase will be conducted by the ESS, while in the construction time, measures shall be primarily implemented by the contractors. In the operation phase, the DOT shall undertake environmental monitoring and mitigation. To ensure the efficiency of implementation, the EMP will be integrated into bidding documents and civil contracts. The contractors’ compliance with regulations in the contracts and technical parameters on environment will be regularly monitored by the PMU with the support of the CSC and the results will be annually reported to the ADB.
Page | 48
Table 24. Detailed plan on environmental impact mitigation measures
Environmental Objectives Impact mitigation issues Proposed mitigation measures Responsibility Time Locations Cost Design and pre-construction phase 1. Land Control impacts of Monitor procedures of compensation ESS & RS, PMU Pre- No application In acquisition and land acquisition- payment in compliance with the land constru accordance resettlement resettlement acquisition and resettlement monitoring ction with the RP report phase 2.Landscape Avoid and mitigate 1. Minimize damages of forest area. CPCs; During Along subproject road; worker camps Included in disturbance the encroachment 2. Contractors are not allowed to use Contractors constru contractors’ of forest and firewood as fuel for construction of any ction contracts change of item of the building except for the phase landscape preparation of asphalt mixture and to a certain extent to ensure the use of other fuels for cooking in the area of the campsite outside the firewood. 3. The Contractors should not buy or use wood from illegal sources 4. Do not arrange camps, asphalt cookers and material gathering areas in the forest. 5. The Contractor shall carry out all necessary warnings to ensure that fire damage is avoided from construction work. The contractor must immediately extinguish the fire if a fire occurs and replant the trees instead. 3. UXO Avoid incidents 1. Coordinate with the relevant agencies ESS & RS, PMU Pre- No application In clearnace caused by any at the design stage to determine if constru accordance types of UXO. explosives are a threat to the ction with PMU’s construction. phase Procurement 2. Engage an authorized company for Plan – EA/IA UXO clearance. budget 3. Ensure that the contractors shall only commence site works after the UXO clearing company has certified that the subproject areas are free of UXO. Construction phase 1. Dust and Minimize negative 1. Vehicles must be registered for CPCs; During Along subproject route, workers’ Included in exhaust fumes impacts from periodic inspections of emission gas contractors constru camps contractors’ by construction noise, dust and and certified as: "Certificate of ction contracts activities vibration during conformity with standard from phase construction period quality, technical safety and
Page | 49
Environmental Objectives Impact mitigation issues Proposed mitigation measures Responsibility Time Locations Cost environmental protection inspection" according to Decision No.35/2005/QD-BGTVT; 2. Conduct watering to control dust at least 03 times a day: morning, noon, and afternoon in dry weather with temperatures above 25 Celsius degree or in windy environment. Avoid excessive watering leading to muddy; 3. Reserves of soil and material must be shielded against wind and erosion and wind directions and sensitive positions must be considered (as described as in Table 25); 4. Workers are equipped with dust- proof tools (masks) at construction sites with high levels of dust and smoke; 5. Do not burn waste or construction material at construction sites; 6. Only use means of transport with valid registration; 7. Clean up excess construction material and waste. Arrange personnel to collect and clean up material and waste to the designated place at the end of each day or at the end of a shift; 8. Do not arrange supplies/sand and stones on trucks into too high piles as this may lead to leaks on roads during transport. Trucks carrying waste and large quantities of material must be covered securely before leaving construction sites or quarries and borrow pits, in order to limit leaks on roads during transport; 9. In where there is gathering of temporary supplies and garbage dumps with a volume of about 20 m3, it must be barricaded or Page | 50
Environmental Objectives Impact mitigation issues Proposed mitigation measures Responsibility Time Locations Cost covered to avoid dust dispersal; 10. Transport waste from construction sites to designated locations for reuse or to disposal sites as soon as possible; 11. Do not let vehicles and machinery run idle for more than 5 minutes; 12. Avoid preparation of construction material, i.e. concrete mixing near residential areas or other sensitive works like pagodas, schools, clinics etc.; 13. Trucks used to transport construction material and wastes must be cleaned periodically. 2. Impacts on Limit impacts of 1. Contractors must take measures for CPCs; During Surrounding canals, ditches at Included in surface and leaching soil, settling contaminants such as the contractors constru Km1+032 (Trieu Son commune, contractors’ underground waste, construction system of drainage ditches and ction Trieu Phong district); Km3+276, contracts water quality material due to temporary manholes to avoid phase Km5+020, Km6+866, Km8+003 (Hai rainwater runoff affecting the surface water Ba commune), Km11+611, into surface water environment in the region; Km12+487, Km13+192, Km13+777, sources 2. Thoroughly collect all spilled Km14+436, Km14+706, Km15+579 material on construction sites and in Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang waste oil of vehicles and machinery district. Can market area (starting during construction. point) in An Luu village, Chua hamlet, 3. Contractors must be responsible for Lang hamlet – Linh Chieu village, complying with the laws of Vietnam Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong regarding discharge of wastewater district; section crossing through into water sources; densely-populated areas in Hai Ba 4. Employ local labor to limit waste and commune, Hoi Yen village, Tan Lap domestic waste generation; hamlet – Kim Long village, Hai Que 5. Toilets must be built with septic commune; Kim Giao village, Dien tanks for waste water treatment Khanh village, Dong Duong village, before being discharged into the Co Luy village, Xuan Vien village of environment. Use portable toilets Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang with 3-compartment septic tanks in district. the construction sites of main work- items like roads. Wastewater from toilets as well as kitchens, bathrooms, sinks, etc. on sites must be collected into a simple septic tank system for preliminary treatment or must be discharged Page | 51
Environmental Objectives Impact mitigation issues Proposed mitigation measures Responsibility Time Locations Cost into the general drainage system of the area. Direct discharge into any surface water source in the area is not permitted; 6. Wastewater containing pollutants from buildings that exceed National Technical Standards must be collected and treated by licensed waste collection and treatment units; 7. Dredge canals around workers' camps every week; 8. In the pre-construction phase, all licenses or certificates required for wastewater treatment/or wastewater treatment contracts must be concluded; 9. When the construction is completed, wastewater and septic tanks must be demolished or sealed safely and effectively. 10. Prior to the construction, a solid waste control procedure (storage, provision of dustbins, site cleanup plans, dustbins cleanup plans, etc.) must be prepared by the contractors, and the contractors must carefully monitor it throughout the construction process; 11. Prior to the construction, all necessary permits or certificates for waste disposal must be completed; 12. Solid waste may be temporarily stored at site in areas designated by the relevant construction supervision consultant and local authorities before being collected and treated by competent waste collection companies; 13. Waste dustbins must be covered, leak-proofing, resistant to rains and sun and resisting stench; 14. The contractors must dispose of demolished solid waste or stone Page | 52
Environmental Objectives Impact mitigation issues Proposed mitigation measures Responsibility Time Locations Cost bricks which are not treated at construction sites at designated sites and are pre-approved by the construction supervision consultant and included in the solid waste treatment plans. Any situation that the contractors treat waste and material in sensitive environmental areas, natural ecological areas or canals, rivers and streams is not acceptable; 15. Place dustbins in workers' camps. Temporary collection and classification of domestic waste separately should be implemented. Provide watertight dustbins with lids to avoid odors and leakage, attracting flies, mice and other diseases. Periodically collect and transport waste to landfill as regulated; 16. Soil surface used for concrete mixing must be waterproof. The collection of cement-containing waste and wastewater must be through drainage canals with settling holes at construction sites before wastewater is discharged into rivers/canals; 17. Components that are possibly reused or recycled from construction waste before transporting them to landfill must be implemented; 18. Weathered soil, wood and bricks can be reused for useful purposes. Soil can be used for leveling. Wood scraps can be used for cooking. Iron, steel, packages and other types of material can be recycled and delivered or sold to scrap collection facilities; 19. The collection and disposal of waste and cleanup of construction sites Page | 53
Environmental Objectives Impact mitigation issues Proposed mitigation measures Responsibility Time Locations Cost must be carried out at the end of each day or at the end of each shift and transport waste out of the construction sites as soon as possible. In the case of temporary storage of dredged sludge, necessary measures should be taken to control contamination, i.e. leaving waste in closed containers, covered with lids, in fenced areas, etc. accompanied by warning signs. 3.Impacts on Implement 1. The temporary collection, storage Contractors During All construction sites; Can market Included in water and soil hazardous waste and transportation of all hazardous constru area (starting point) in An Luu village, contractors’ quality due to management plan wastes for disposal (grease, oil, ction Chua hamlet, Lang hamlet – Linh contracts hazardous organic solvents, chemicals, oil phase Chieu village, Trieu Son commune, waste paints, etc.) must comply with Trieu Phong district; sections Circular No.36/2015/TT-BTNMT on crossing through densely-populated waste risk management; areas in Hai Ba commune, Hoi Yen 2. Collect and temporarily store used village, Tan Lap hamlet – Kim Long oil and grease separately in village, Hai Que commune; Kim Giao specialized containers, placed in a village, Dien Khanh village, Dong safe and ventilated areas with Duong village, Co Luy village, Xuan impermeable roof floors, at absolute Vien village of Hai Duong commune, safe distance from sources of fire. Hai Lang district; temporary landfill Contract with grease/oil site and material stockpiling yard. suppliers/manufacturers for delivery at site; 3. Any type of chemical waste will be disposed and pre-approved at a landfill and in accordance with local legal requirements and regulations. The contractors must have certificates of handling of necessary chemical waste; 4. The disposal of hazardous substances must be handled by the workers who passed through special training and have certificates for hazardous waste handling; 5. Used oil and grease will be taken out of the sites and sold to a previously approved oil and grease recycling and purchasing facilities; Page | 54
Environmental Objectives Impact mitigation issues Proposed mitigation measures Responsibility Time Locations Cost 6. Oil, lubricant, detergents, etc. generated from the maintenance of motor vehicles and machinery will be collected in containers, taken out of the construction sites by competent companies to treat them at the pre-approved hazardous waste disposal sites; 7. Used oil or contaminated oil- containing material are carefully stored to avoid leakage or impact on workers; 8. Appropriate training and communication programs should be prepared and organized for workers so that they can identify and respond promptly to hazardous chemicals at work; 9. Prepare and implement remedial actions when there is an accidental case of oil leakage. In this case, a contractor must submit a report that clearly explains the causes of the oil spill, consequences/damages, and proposed remedial actions. 4. Noise and Minimize negative 1. Construction vehicles and machines Contractors During All construction sites; Can market Included in vibration impacts from used for the subproject must be constru area (starting point) in An Luu village, contractors’ noise, dust, guaranteed passing the Register's ction Chua hamlet, Lang hamlet – Linh contracts vibration during inspections. Do not use obsolete phase Chieu village, Trieu Son commune, construction phase vehicles and machinery that are Trieu Phong district; section crossing likely noisy during transportation through densely-populated areas in and construction; Hai Ba commune, Hoi Yen village, 2. Do not mobilize too many vehicles Tan Lap hamlet – Kim Long village, and machines into one location at Hai Que commune; Kim Giao village, the same time, during the working Dien Khanh village, Dong Duong time, which will reduce resonance village, Co Luy village, Xuan Vien noise affecting workers; village of Hai Duong commune, Hai 3. The use of air horns for transport Lang district means in residential areas and streets in material transport route are prohibited; 4. Regular maintenance and inspection of construction means, Page | 55
Environmental Objectives Impact mitigation issues Proposed mitigation measures Responsibility Time Locations Cost replacement of actuated parts, installation and maintenance of silencers must be ensured in accordance with the standards and regulations about noise and always make sure they work well; 5. Do not construct, transport raw material or use noisy equipment like drilling machines, excavators, concrete-pile driving machines from 21 PM to 6 AM and from 11-13 PM; 6. Check the noise level of transport and machinery means during construction, if the noise level is greater than the permitted limit, silencers must be installed. 7. For construction sites near residential areas, the Project Owner shall apply the following specific mitigation measures: • Build temporary barriers separating the construction sites from the areas adjacent to residential areas; fences are corrugated iron, iron frame to minimize noise and dust; • Install silencers for loud noise equipment such as excavators, tampers, bulldozers, vibrating compactors etc. A noise reduction device (silencers) is a set of rubber covers mounted on construction machines. The covers will absorb noise from the device, and the rubber material can withstand impacts during operation; • Do not use noisy equipment at the same time at construction sites near residential areas. 8. The contractors must submit documents proving that all equipment and machinery are inspected/calibrated to meet the vibration requirements in Page | 56
Environmental Objectives Impact mitigation issues Proposed mitigation measures Responsibility Time Locations Cost accordance with the National Technical Regulation on Vibration - QCVN 27: 2010/BTNMT of Vietnam; 9. The contractors must take pictures of the current status of structures around the construction sites, especially in the areas as fences, gates or houses of sensitive objects. 10. Any damages to existing structures due to vibration during construction must be remedied by the contractor's own cost. The status of sensitive objects should be photographed (please see Table 25) before the construction starts; 10. Activities that generate noise and vibration should not be done before 5 am and after 10 pm daily in the areas adjacent to local community. 5. Impacts by Limit certain 1. Prioritize the use of local labor force Contractors During All construction sites; Can market Included in the influx of disturbances to the when they fully meet the constru area (starting point) in An Luu village, contractors’ construction project area requirements; ction Chua hamlet, Lang hamlet – Linh contracts workers 2. Coordinate with local authorities to phase Chieu village, Trieu Son commune, declare temporary residence for Trieu Phong district; section crossing construction workers from other through densely-populated areas in places; Hai Ba commune, Hoi Yen village, 3. Disseminate local regulations on Tan Lap hamlet – Kim Long village, order and security, culture, habits Hai Que commune; Kim Giao village, and customs of local people; Dien Khanh village, Dong Duong 4. Workers are strictly prohibited: village, Co Luy village, Xuan Vien alcoholic drinks during working time; village of Hai Duong commune, Hai quarrel and fight; gambling, Lang district involving social evils as drugs and prostitution; and littering waste; 5. The contractors coordinate with local health authorities to organize disease control plans for workers; 6. Project owners and contractors work together with local authorities to prevent against social evils; conduct propaganda campaigns for workers and the community on the above issues and social evils; contact local Page | 57
Environmental Objectives Impact mitigation issues Proposed mitigation measures Responsibility Time Locations Cost organizations to ensure monitoring; establish a general complaint settlement system to the community in the subproject area; 7. Appoint officers who are regularly present at the construction sites to receive feedback from the community; promptly remedy complaints or reactions from the community due to construction- related environmental issues; 8. The construction process must not absolutely encroach outside the scope of works without the consent of the community and local authorities. 6. Health and Ensure safety for 1. Conduct training for workers on Contractors During All construction sites Included in safety risks for workers and local safety, including roles and constru contractors’ workers and people responsibilities, and safety and ction contracts local people sanitation practices; phase 2. Set up rules at work and camps as appropriate PPE, i.e. clothing, shoes, helmets, gloves and ear protection equipment, etc., 3. Ensure that vehicle drivers and machine operators are trained and licensed; 4. Ensure that all excavation sites are fenced with sign boards and markers; 5. Assign responsibility to supervisors to ensure that all safety rules are monitored at all times. The subproject will pay attention to the comments and complaints of people and authorities about safety. 6. Install warning signs, information boards, lighting at night, fences and barriers, to ensure safety in the construction sites, borrow pits and disposal sites. 7. Impacts on Minimize traffic 1. Develop a traffic plan presenting the Contractors During - All construction sites; Can market Included in local traffic, disorder, safety. time calculation of traffic vehicles to constru area (starting point) in An Luu village, contractors’ Page | 58
Environmental Objectives Impact mitigation issues Proposed mitigation measures Responsibility Time Locations Cost other Develop a avoid peak hours. The contractor ction Chua hamlet, Lang hamlet – Linh contracts infrastructure temporary will also coordinate with local traffic phase Chieu village, Trieu Son commune, and local drainage plan for management agencies to implement Trieu Phong district; section crossing flooding in-field irrigation. appropriate traffic diversion plans to through densely-populated areas in avoid traffic congestion due to Hai Ba commune, Hoi Yen village, subproject activities for residents Tan Lap hamlet – Kim Long village, and material transportation Hai Que commune; Kim Giao village, schedule. Dien Khanh village, Dong Duong 2. Install bold diversion signs that village, Co Luy village, Xuan Vien would be clearly visible even at village of Hai Duong commune, Hai night and provide flag persons to Lang district warn of dangerous conditions. Surrounding canals, ditches at There are emergency response Km1+032 (Trieu Son commune, plans in case of incidents; Trieu Phong district); Km3+276, 3. Periodically maintain roads to Km5+020, Km6+866, Km8+003 (Hai ensure the travel of people; Ba commune), Km11+611, 4. Rehabilitate any damaged routes Km12+487, Km13+192, Km13+777, before completing works; Km14+436, Km14+706, Km15+579 5. Marking speed limit signs of in Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang materials transportation vehicles on district. Can market area (starting roads to the construction area; point) in An Luu village, Chua hamlet, 6. For the old irrigation system, the Lang hamlet – Linh Chieu village, contractor will ensure by a Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong temporary canal system to serve the district; section crossing through production activities of the people; densely-populated areas in Hai Ba 7. Construction of bridge abutments commune, Hoi Yen village, Tan Lap shall be conducted in dry season; hamlet – Kim Long village, Hai Que appropriate construction methods commune; Kim Giao village, Dien should be applied (e.g. successive Khanh village, Dong Duong village, construction method). Co Luy village, Xuan Vien village of Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district. 8. Loss or Implement 1. Develop a detailed plan of dates Contractors During All construction sites Included in interruption of management plans and places that utilities and services constru contractors’ utilities and on power supply will be ceased. ction contracts services such and utility services 2. Obtain permissions from local phase as water and disruption authorities and people in the use of electricity transportation routes and other supply public facilities. 3. Contact the local service and utility providers to identify emergency response plans in case of incidents. 4. Record the status of existing roads Page | 59
Environmental Objectives Impact mitigation issues Proposed mitigation measures Responsibility Time Locations Cost and infrastructure before construction and compensate for damages, if any. 5. Contact the affected community to inform plans that utility services are interrupted. 6. Try to arrange all cases of interruption of utility services during the low demand periods like in the period from 24:00 to 06:00 am. 7. All public utilities must be restored to their initial state before the construction is completed. 8. Implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan related to the community affected by the discontinuation of utility services. 9. Damage to Construction of 1. The accidental detection of cultural Contractors During All construction sites Included in assets or works & accidental values and cultural relics should be constru contractors’ cultural values, finding plans done by the contractors in ction contracts chance-finds accordance with the procedure. The phase site supervisors must follow up to detect these values. 2. When there is such an accidental detection of a cultural value, all works must be stopped immediately to determine if it is valuable. Quang Tri DSCT is notified by phone to take further action if it is found to be valuable. 3. Construction activities at the locations where a cultural value is discovered are allowed to be resumed upon the consent of Quang Tri DSCT. Operation phase 1. Risk in traffic Minimize traffic 1. Quang Tri Department of Transport Quang Tri DOT, During Along the proposed roads During the safety in the accidents and will arrange warning signs and sign Trieu Phong & the operation upgraded road traffic jams boards at the intersection areas; Hai Lang DPC operatio phase arrange speed-signs when the road n phase passes through residential areas; assign officers to regularly check the road to limit speed overtaking and Page | 60
Environmental Objectives Impact mitigation issues Proposed mitigation measures Responsibility Time Locations Cost not complying with traffic safety laws. Sufficient annual maintenance and operation budget should be provided to ensure that all equipment is in good condition. Regular sanitation on the road and planting green trees on both sides of the road and in the medians should be implemented. 2. Noise and Minimize the 1. Trieu Phong & Hai Lang DPC will be Quang Tri DOT, During Along the proposed roads During the vibration environmental responsible for management of the Trieu Phong & the operation impacts, pollution road during operation phase; Hai Lang DPC operatio phase changes in dust 2. There should be warning signs with n phase levels or air speed limit for vehicles along the quality from road to avoid overspeed which can increased traffic blow soil and sand from the road volumes surface, causing dust pollution as well as vibration and noise pollution along the road; 3. Trees will be planted and taken care by URENCO along the road sides to create green space and contribute into dust and noise prevention. This will also improve air environment along the road; 4. Periodical maintenance will be provided to the road to fix any failed or degraded sections so that potholes on the road can be minimized; as a result, noise and vibration can be mitigated; 5. On dry days, the road should be watered to minimize dust in the air by URENCO Trieu Phong & Hai Lang District.
Page | 61
C. Environmental Monitoring
1. Compliance monitoring
129. Table 25 Table 25 130. At the design phase, the PMU shall ensure that the EMP measures for the design stage are incorporated in the detailed design. The effective incorporation of the EMP in the civil works contracts shall also be ensured by the PMU with the assistance from the ESS and this, along with implementation of EMP provisions, shall be audited by the ADB as part of the loan conditions. 131. Prior to the implementation of the subproject, the IEE and the EMP will be updated and amended, as necessary, by the ESS after the detailed designs and contract arrangements. Such updating shall be based on any reconfirmation and additional information on the assumptions made at this feasibility stage on location scale and expected conditions of the subproject.
2. Environmental Effect Monitoring
132. Table 26 Table 26 and measures.
Table 25. Environmental Compliance Monitoring
Performance and impact monitoring Environment Frequency and Monitoring Parameters Locations Monitoring cost potential impacts approval responsibility Design and pre-construction phase 1. Land acquisition Compensation No application Once before the DPI/ DONRE; Included in the operation cost of and resettlement documents construction PMU the PMU commencement 2. Landscape Check implementation Along the subproject road, Before the ESS/ PMU Included in the operation cost of disturbance worker camps construction the PMU/ ESS/ CSC commencement and CSC throughout the construction phase; part of daily construction supervision. 3. UXO Clearance Check N/A Once before the PMU Included in the operation cost of documents/certificates construction the PMU commencement Construction phase 1. Dust and Check implementation Along the subproject road, Before the ESS/ PMU Included in the operation cost of exhaust fumes by worker camps construction the PMU/ ESS/ CSC construction commencement and CSC activities throughout the construction phase; part of daily
Page | 62
Performance and impact monitoring Environment Frequency and Monitoring Parameters Locations Monitoring cost potential impacts approval responsibility construction supervision. 2. Impacts on Check implementation Surrounding canals, ditches at Twice per week; part ESS/ PMU Included in the operation cost of surface and Km1+032 (Trieu Son commune, of daily construction the PMU/ ESS/ CSC underground water Trieu Phong district); Km3+276, supervision. CSC quality Km5+020, Km6+866, Km8+003 (Hai Ba commune), Km11+611, Km12+487, Km13+192, Km13+777, Km14+436, Km14+706, Km15+579 in Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district. Can market area (starting point) in An Luu village, Chua hamlet, Lang hamlet – Linh Chieu village, Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong district; section crossing through densely-populated areas in Hai Ba commune, Hoi Yen village, Tan Lap hamlet – Kim Long village, Hai Que commune; Kim Giao village, Dien Khanh village, Dong Duong village, Co Luy village, Xuan Vien village of Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district. 3. Impacts on Check implementation All construction sites; Can Twice per week; part ESS/ PMU Included in the operation cost of water and soil market area (starting point) in of daily construction the PMU/ ESS/ CSC quality due to An Luu village, Chua hamlet, supervision CSC hazardous waste Lang hamlet – Linh Chieu village, Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong district; section crossing through densely- populated areas in Hai Ba commune, Hoi Yen village, Tan Lap hamlet – Kim Long village, Hai Que commune; Kim Giao village, Dien Khanh village, Dong Duong village, Co Luy village, Xuan Vien village of Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district; temporary landfill site and material stockpiling yard. 4. Noise and Check implementation; All construction sites; Can Twice per week; part ESS/ PMU Included in the operation cost of
Page | 63
Performance and impact monitoring Environment Frequency and Monitoring Parameters Locations Monitoring cost potential impacts approval responsibility vibration check the compliance market area (starting point) in of daily construction the PMU/ ESS/ CSC with Labor code, An Luu village, Chua hamlet, supervision CSC Decrees, Circulars as Lang hamlet – Linh Chieu required. village, Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong district; section crossing through densely- populated areas in Hai Ba commune, Hoi Yen village, Tan Lap hamlet – Kim Long village, Hai Que commune; Kim Giao village, Dien Khanh village, Dong Duong village, Co Luy village, Xuan Vien village of Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district. 5. Impacts by the Check implementation All construction sites; Can Before setting up ESS/ PMU Included in the operation cost of influx of market area (starting point) in these facilities and the PMU/ ESS/ CSC construction An Luu village, Chua hamlet, throughout the CSC workers Lang hamlet – Linh Chieu construction process. village, Trieu Son commune, Part of the daily Trieu Phong district; section construction crossing through densely- supervision. populated areas in Hai Ba commune, Hoi Yen village, Tan Lap hamlet – Kim Long village, Hai Que commune; Kim Giao village, Dien Khanh village, Dong Duong village, Co Luy village, Xuan Vien village of Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district 6. Health and Determined to comply All construction sites. Pre-construction and ESS/ PMU Included in the operation cost of safety risks for with the requirements check twice per week the PMU/ ESS/ CSC workers and local CSC people Part of the daily construction supervision. 7. Impacts on local Check implementation - All construction sites; Can Twice per week; part ESS/ PMU Included in the operation cost of traffic, other market area (starting point) in of daily construction the PMU/ ESS/ CSC infrastructure and An Luu village, Chua hamlet, local flooding Lang hamlet – Linh Chieu village, Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong district; section crossing through densely-
Page | 64
Performance and impact monitoring Environment Frequency and Monitoring Parameters Locations Monitoring cost potential impacts approval responsibility populated areas in Hai Ba commune, Hoi Yen village, Tan Lap hamlet – Kim Long village, Hai Que commune; Kim Giao village, Dien Khanh village, Dong Duong village, Co Luy village, Xuan Vien village of Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district; - Surrounding canals, ditches at Km1+032 (Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong district); Km3+276, Km5+020, Km6+866, Km8+003 (Hai Ba commune), Km11+611, Km12+487, Km13+192, Km13+777, Km14+436, Km14+706, Km15+579 in Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district; sections crossing through densely-populated areas in Hai Ba commune, Hoi Yen village, Tan Lap hamlet – Kim Long village, Hai Que commune; Kim Giao village, Dien Khanh village, Dong Duong village, Co Luy village, Xuan Vien village of Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district; 8. Loss or Determined to comply All construction sites. Pre-construction and ESS/ PMU Included in the operation cost of interruption of with the requirements check twice per week the PMU/ ESS/ CSC utilities and CSC services such as Part of the daily water and construction electricity supply supervision. 9. Damage to Determined to comply All construction sites Pre-construction and ESS/ PMU Included in the operation cost of assets or cultural with the requirements check twice per week the PMU/ ESS/ CSC values, random Part of the daily CSC findings. construction supervision. Operation phase 1. Risk in traffic Check implementation Along the proposed roads Twice per year Quang Tri DOT Included in the operating cost of safety in the DOT upgraded road
Page | 65
Performance and impact monitoring Environment Frequency and Monitoring Parameters Locations Monitoring cost potential impacts approval responsibility 2. Noise and Check implementation Along the proposed roads Twice per year Quang Tri DOT Included in the operating cost of vibration impacts, DOT changes in dust levels or air quality from increased traffic volumes
Table 26. Environmental Effect monitoring
Performance and Impact Monitoring Environmental Monitoring Parameters Locations Frequency and approval Monitoring cost potential impacts responsibility Construction phase 1. Water sources Surface water quality Canal at An Phu Once before ESS 1,346 USD10 and quality commune, near Can commencement and 02 market and Trong Am times/year within 02 years river, Don Que hamlet, (5 times in total) Hai Que commune 2. Noise, dust and Ambient air quality 08 samples at the Once before ESS 2,321 USD vibration (temperature, moisture, starting and ending commencement and 02 wind direction speed, points for roadwork; times/year within 02 years PM10, PM2.5, PB, NO2, (5 times in total) SO2 etc.); Noise level (average noise level, maximum noise level, vehicles frequency etc.)
10Figures are based on norm on environmental monitoring cost issued by Quang Tri PPC at Decision No.2841/QD-UBND dated 23/12/2015. Page | 66
: Air monitoring location
: Water monitoring location
Figure 9. Expected sampling locations
Page | 67
D. Reporting 133. The PMU will submit the following reports to ADB: - Baseline Environmental Monitoring Report: This report presents the baseline environmental performance prepared by the ESS for ambient air quality and surface water quality. This report will be presented in the uIEE or separate EMP if needed. - Environmental monitoring reports: Environmental monitoring reports will include the status of EMP implementation in accordance with the mitigation measures required for different stages of the subproject, the results of environmental impact monitoring (air quality, noise and surface water quality); corrective measures that are needed to address the negative environmental impacts of the subproject; the environmental capacity building activity as well as the documents of complaints and appropriate acts or solutions. Environmental monitoring reports will be submitted to ADB semi- annually during the construction phase and annually for two years after completion of construction.
Table 27. Reporting procedures
Phases Types of report Frequency Responsibilities Monitoring
Construction Environmental Daily Construction Construction Performance Report Contractors Supervision indicating the compliance Consultant with the EMP and the (CSC) monitoring results at the contractors’ sites.
Subproject EMP Quarterly Construction PMU Compliance Report Supervision indicating the compliance Consultant (CSC) with the EMP and the monitoring results
Environmental Semi-annually ESS/ PMU ADB Monitoring Report during construction indicating the compliance phase with the EMP and the monitoring results.
Activities Environmental Annually in the first Quang Tri Quang Tri Monitoring Report: the two years of Department of Department actions indicating the operation. On-going Transport of compliance with the EMP frequency to be Environment commitments during the determined based and Natural operation on review after 2 Resources years.
Page | 68
Table 28. Estimated cost for EMP implementation
Items Estimated cost (USD) 1. Environmental Safeguard Specialist (ESS) 21,240 01 national ESS, 06 man-months (intermittent in the first 02 years) - 2,000 12,000 USD/month Per diem: 48 US$ x 30 days x 6 months 8,640 Travel cost for 02 round trips: 300 US$ x 2 trips 600 2. Environmental impact monitoring (implemented by ESS) 3,667 Ambient air quality: 8 monitoring locations x 5 times 2,321 Surface water quality: 2 monitoring locations x 5 times 1,346 3. Training, local transportation, supplies (by ESS) 3,000 a) Training/orientation: 1 formal training course for PMU, CSC, Contractors 2,000 and Infrastructure office of 2 districts and other “on the job” training b) Local transportation and supplies 1,000 4. Printing environmental monitoring report by ESS (4 reports) 600 Subtotal (1+2+3+4) 28,507 5. Contingency 1,493 Total (1+2+3+4+5) 30,000 E. Capacity Building 134. In Vietnam, the environmental assessment process has been established but environmental awareness and capability of EMP implementation in infrastructure projects of both executing and implementation agencies (i.e. PMU) are limited and being developed. PMU safeguard staff are usually assumed different tasks and do not have good background on safeguard issues. Usually, engineers will also be in charge of environmental monitoring and their capacity is not suitable to check the adequacy of the project EMPs. Normally, EIAs or EPPs regulated by Vietnam’s Environmental Law - LEP 2014 are submitted to DONRE environmental departments for approval. 135. The biggest challenge is the lack of appropriate human and financial resources and sufficient infrastructure. In order to overcome this limitation, Quang Tri DPI/ PMU will appoint a full-time employee as an Environmental Safeguard Officer (ESO) to handle environmental aspects of the subproject during the subproject implementation. The ESO and other staffs of the PMU will be trained by the ESS during the subproject implementation through job tasks or formal training courses relating to the roles and responsibilities of implementing Environmental Management Plan.
Table 29. Capacity Building Program
Objectives 1. Build capacity and procedures for systematic environmental assessments in accordance with the Government’s regulations and the ADB’s guidelines. 2. Provide training on best international practices on environmental management, monitoring and reporting. 3. Provide guidelines on how to effectively incorporate environmental measures into project design and how to incorporate EMP regulations into bidding and contract documents. Tasks/Scope of works 1. The training requires analyses and reviews of prevailing government regulations and donor guidelines that govern the assessment and management of environmental impacts for road development. 2. Review skills of PMU and Quang Tri DOT staff to identify current capacity on environmental assessments, environmental monitoring and implementation of mitigation measures for the road development project. 3. Prepare training plans and relevant training material. 4. Deliver the training, which may be through a combination of hands-on assistance, on-the-job training, and training workshops.
Page | 69
5. Evaluate training effectiveness via attitudes and skills achieved. 6. Modify training documents/material as necessary. 7. Hand-over the amended training documents/material to the project managers for use in the delivery of the training. 8. Prepare report on training results. Timeframe Possible within 3 months after construction commencement Target participants Staffs of PMU, CSC, Contractors and Quang Tri DOT who are responsible for environmental management. Staff resources National environmental specialists must experience at least 7 years on environmental management of road projects and possess relevant graduate degrees in civil engineering, environmental management, and other relevant courses.
Page | 70
X. EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
136. The contractors must develop procedures for Emergency Response Plan during construction. In the operation phase, operation officers or construction units must be responsible for serious or urgent incidents, including: - Emergency Response Team (ERT) of Contractor - the first team to respond; - Fire prevention and fighting units, police, emergency health services, Department of Health, at district level, are general external emergency response teams (EERT) - the final teams to respond. 137. The contractors shall provide and remain technical and financial human resources to timely respond in the construction phase. The table below details the necessary roles and responsibilities:
Table 30. Roles and responsibilities in emergency cases
Team/group Responsibilities Emergency Response Team (ERT) of Communications/warnings to the EERT. Contractor - the first team to respond Prepare emergency response places to facilitate the response in case of emergency such as evacuation, cleaning, and limit access to the area. When necessary and if being required by EERT, it must support when the ERRT is operating. External emergency response teams Address incidents/emergency cases (EERT) Contractor sources Provide and remain human resources and equipment, tools and capital that are needed for timely responding to the emergency. Remain hotlines with EERT to ensure promptly supports and appropriate protection by informing them of the subproject schedule.
138. The Emergency Response Team will be commanded by the Contractor’s senior engineer (appointed by ERT leader) with a training manager of engineer to be a deputy commander. The first aid staffs will be trained and the security groups are major members of the ERT. 139. The contractor must ensure that ERT members are in sufficient physical conditions, technical qualifications and mental conditions so as to take the roles and responsibilities of emergency response. 140. Before mobilizing construction works, the contractor, through construction manager, leader of ERT, with project implementation unit will meet the final response teams to discuss the procedure of comprehensive construction, including but not limit to: - Subproject areas; - Frame of construction time and phases; - Any special techniques and equipment in use; any chemicals which would be delivered and stored at construction sites, application details and processing/management system; - Emergency preparedness plan of the Contractor; - Name and contact of members in ERT. 141. The objectives of the meetings are to provide the ERT: - Assessing the compliance of related emergency management plan - Assessing types, magnitude and rate of dangerous risks expected
Page | 71
- Coordinating and cooperating. 142. In order to ensure efficient emergency response before mobilizing construction works, the contractors should: - Establish emergency response team; - Establish supporting equipment and system in working status - Work with EERT; - Training courses for members of the emergency response team, and encourage and provide training courses for volunteers from human sources; - Provide guidance for construction workers on procedure and emergency response system, especially the evacuation procedure, exist ways, evacuating places, self-initial response and other matters; and - Provide internship for different cases. 143. For maintaining efficient emergency response during the subproject implementation, it should provide adequate budge for maintaining capacity and good performance of emergency response mechanism, equipment, tools, means and material. Frequently use drilling machine at least every two months and remind at least once a month. F. Warning procedures 144. Communication, reporting and warning means of emergency cases will be combined with alerting sound (alerting alarm, bell); ii) visual alarming (blinker lights or safety orange flags); iii) telephones (fixed telephones); iv) mobile phones; v) two-way mobile walkie-talkie; and vi) public broadcasting system/speakers. Some rules relating to communication/alerting includes: - Those who firstly detect the emergency case shall immediately: + Call attention of other people at the emergency site, + Alarm by the nearest sound system, and /or + Report/contact with ERT for emergency case. - Only emergency response team leader or authorized deputy leader in case team leader is not at the site will contact EERT. Exceptional cases for the rule are defined in the Emergency Management Plan. - When contacting/warning incidents to the EERT, information at least must include: i) emergency type and locations; ii) estimated scale; iii) expected affected individuals; iv) time; v) spill of hazardous substance; and vi) fire and explosion. Details provided will help the leader to well prepare proper emergency responses plans. 145. For effectively warning/alarming emergency cases: - Name and contact of related people and organizations must be available, communication means must be strategically posted (easy to read) at all regions and by all means of the subproject: + All construction/operation officers, leader and deputy leader of ERT, first aid staff, monitoring engineer as well as chief of construction works. + Organizer of EERT. + Division and groups of involved hamlets. + Project staff and safeguard officers. - All subproject areas needed equipping with warning system by sound and by visual, fixed telephone, mobile phone and two-way walkie talkies at all time. - Construction means of the contractors should be equipped along with appropriate communication system
Page | 72
G. Emergency Preparedness Cases 146. The tables hereafter recommend general regulations that are screened in the final Environmental Management Plan during the detailed design and specified in the Contractors’ Emergency Preparedness Plans.
Table 31. Evacuation Procedure
Procedure Notes Evacuation by groups as fast as possible to avoid All officers/workers, sub-contractors, site panics monitoring staff are required to comply with instructions of ERT when going out. Evacuation by the guided exist Safety evacuation by leader/deputy leader of ERT shall be decided fast and promptly informed members. Continue evaluation until all people are safe from Establish a limit access area outside an incident the incident site and affected areas site, all people must be far away from the limit area. When people are outside, roll-call check must be Foremen must check small groups, leader/deputy carried out leader check ERT teams. Immediately report absent persons for EERT Leader/deputy leaders of ERT shall contact EERT. Support the injured during the evaluation and help ERT manage the injured to ensure the proper them with first aid or health group of EERT. treatment If the injured needs special care, NOT move them ERT leader/deputy leader contacts EERT to get to any place if not needed and without instruction instructions for treating the injured. of EERT. Table 32. Procedure of emergency responses
Procedure Notes Immediately carry out first aid no Basic principle in first aid: matter how serious cases are. + Ensure the safety for both rescuer and victim. + Do not move the injured unless the victim exposes to more dangerous risks, for example, fires and explosion, and chemical spillage. + The EERT can’t support victims in case the construction works are collapsed. + Follow EERT’s instruction. + The first aid must be implemented by staffs trained in first aid. Call emergency services and/or ERT Leader/Deputy leader or staff authorized for at-place contact. the nearest hospital. Create conditions for EERT ERT Leader/Deputy leader must instruct: leader to give directions at the + Members of the at-place ERT must meet the leader to incident sites. strategically access to roads/sites. + Place orange safety flags to call attention and make on- spot directions. + Members of the ERT should clearly acknowledge access road to ensure safety movement of the Team. If applicable, immediate Comply with the evacuation procedure. evacuations at incident sites or affected areas, limit access, suspend the construction until being informed of continuing.
Page | 73
Table 33. Response procedure in case of fire and explosion
Procedure Notes Warning of fire and The person detecting fire and explosion must immediately: explosion. Call attention of people at incident site Alarm by the nearest sound system, and /or Foreman or any members of the ERT in small groups will contact with the fire prevention and fighting agencies (in this case, it needs negotiate that any members of the ERT in small groups should warn the fire prevention and fighting agencies) Report/inform the emergency cases to the Leader/Deputy Leader of the ERT. Stop activities and All workers/staffs (not ERT), sub-contractors, site supervisors and involved evacuate. communities will be evacuated according to the evacuation procedure. Warning ERT for By training, members of ERT assigned for firefighting will evaluate the safety firefighting/fire control. situation of themselves before trying to control the fire Call nearest firefighting When warning the EERT, the leader should inform the location, fire causes, unit & police office and magnitude of fire and any injured cases. emergency health services. Create conditions to Leader/Deputy leader of ERT must instruct: direct the EERT at the Members of the at-place ERT must meet the leader to strategically access to incident sites. roads/sites. Place orange safety flags to call attention and make on-spot directions. Some member of the ERT should stop traffic flow and clearly acknowledge access road to ensure safety movement of the team. The ERT should make Comply with the evacuation procedure. evacuation as soon as possible to ensure safety.
Page | 74
XI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
147. The Initial Environmental Evaluation (IEE) is used to assess potential environmental impacts in a comprehensive manner with the participation of public consultation and recommendation of suitable mitigation measures. 148. The implementation of “Road connecting Cua Viet port with the Eastern communes of Trieu Phong – Hai Lang districts and the center of Southeast Economic Zone” will improve the quality of the road; life quality and benefit of local people in the communes of Trieu Phong and Hai Lang districts, facilitate the convenience of goods transportation and movement of local people in all weather conditions. Negative impacts to the environment from the construction activities will mainly take place during the construction phase and will be predictable and manageable with appropriate proposed mitigation measures in compliance with ADB’s SPS 2009 (on the IEE report) and the Vietnam’s Environmental Law - LEP 2014 (on the EPP report), and other related Laws and decrees. 149. This IEE is prepared based on available information on baseline environmental quality and feasibility study report of the project. The IEE report provides a picture of potential environmental impacts associated with the construction of the subproject road and suitable mitigation measures have been recommended. In the construction phase, the PMU through the ESS will develop a detailed EMP to monitor the schedules of mitigation measures and conduct of environmental impact monitoring. The EMP shall be updated to ensure the effective environmental monitoring and schedule. With these mitigation measures in place, environmental impacts of construction activities will become manageable and will not result any negative impacts, which are above the accepted environmental standards. Providing that significant changes do not occur to the design of the subproject, and that new sensitive environmental or social receptor data are not discovered, the subproject will remain Category B for environment and will not require further detailed environmental impact assessment (EIA).
Page | 75
XII. ANNEXES
ANNEX A: MINUTES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF IEE/EMP FOR THE SUBPROJECT
Page | 76
Page | 77
Page | 78
Page | 79
Page | 80
Public consultation at Trieu Son CPC Public consultation at Hai Duong CPC
Current state of the subproject road
Page | 81
ANNEX B: COST ESTIMATE OF ENVIRONMENT MONITORING OF SUBPROJECT
Cost for baseline environmental monitoring in the preparation phase Unit Amount Conversion Applicable No. Monitoring indicator Unit Quantity Frequency price (VND) (USD) base (VND) I Air sample 1,651,000 13,208,000 580 1 Temperature, humidity sample 8 1 49,000 392,000 2 Wind speed sample 8 1 49,000 392,000 3 Total suspended dust sample 8 1 179,000 1,432,000 4 NO2 sample 8 1 414,000 3,312,000 5 SO2 sample 8 1 479,000 3,832,000 6 CO sample 8 1 346,000 2,768,000 Decision 7 Noise sample 8 1 135,000 1,080,000 No.2841/QD- II Surface water 3,828,000 7,656,000 336 UBND dated 1 pH sample 2 1 94,000 188,000 23/12/2015 of 2 TSS sample 2 1 191,000 382,000 Quang Tri 3 DO sample 2 1 107,000 214,000 PPC and 4 BOD5 sample 2 1 208,000 416,000 Circular 5 COD sample 2 1 263,000 526,000 No.18/2014 of 6 NH4+-N sample 2 1 265,000 530,000 MONRE dated 7 Cl- sample 2 1 150,000 300,000 22/4/2014 on 8 NO2--N sample 2 1 283,000 566,000 promulgating 9 NO3--N sample 2 1 150,000 300,000 technical- 10 PO43--P sample 2 1 329,000 658,000 economic 11 Grease/oil sample 2 1 834,000 1,668,000 norm for 12 Coliform sample 2 1 954,000 1,908,000 ambient air, III Soil sample 6,672,000 26,688,000 1,173 surface and 1 Cd sample 4 1 1,145,000 4,580,000 ground water 2 As sample 4 1 1,133,000 4,532,000 monitoring 3 Zn sample 4 1 1,083,000 4,332,000 4 Pb sample 4 1 1,145,000 4,580,000 5 Cu sample 4 1 1,083,000 4,332,000 6 Cr sample 4 1 1,083,000 4,332,000 47,552,000 2,090
Cost for Environmental monitoring in the construction phase Monitoring Unit price Amount Conversion Applicable No. Unit Quantity Frequency indicators (VND) (VND) (USD) base I Air Sample 1,651,000 52,832,000 2,321 Temperature, 1 sample 8 4 49,000 1,568,000 humidity Decision 2 Wind speed sample 8 4 49,000 1,568,000 No.2841/QD- Total UBND dated 3 sample 8 4 179,000 5,728,000 suspended dust 23/12/2015 of 4 NO2 sample 8 4 414,000 13,248,000 Quang Tri PPC 5 SO2 sample 8 4 479,000 15,328,000 and Circular 6 CO sample 8 4 346,000 11,072,000 No.18/2014 of MONRE dated 7 Noise sample 8 4 135,000 4,320,000 22/4/2014 on Surface water II 3,828,000 30,624,000 1,346 promulgating sample technical- 1 pH sample 2 4 94,000 752,000 economic norm 2 TSS sample 2 4 191,000 1,528,000 for ambient air, 3 DO sample 2 4 107,000 856,000 surface and 4 BOD5 sample 2 4 208,000 1,664,000 ground water 5 COD sample 2 4 263,000 2,104,000 monitoring. 6 NH4+-N sample 2 4 265,000 2,120,000 Page | 82
Monitoring Unit price Amount Conversion Applicable No. Unit Quantity Frequency indicators (VND) (VND) (USD) base 7 Cl- sample 2 4 150,000 1,200,000 8 NO2--N sample 2 4 283,000 2,264,000 9 NO3--N sample 2 4 150,000 1,200,000 10 PO43--P sample 2 4 329,000 2,632,000 11 Grease/Oil sample 2 4 834,000 6,672,000 12 Coliform sample 2 4 954,000 7,632,000 83,456,000 3,667
Page | 83
ANNEX C: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING RESULTS IN THE SUBPROJECT AREA
Page | 84
Page | 85
Page | 86
Page | 87
ANNEX D: MINUTES OF AGREEMENT WITH LOCAL AUTHORITIES ON LOCATIONS AND CURRENT STATE OF LANDFILL SITES
Page | 88
Page | 89
Page | 90
Locations of landfill site 1 – 3
Locations of landfill site 4 – 8
Page | 91
Locations of landfill site 9 – 12
Page | 92
ANNEX E: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist
Instructions:
(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES), for endorsement by Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.
(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.
(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
Country/Project Title: Road connecting Cua Viet port with Eastern communes of Trieu Phong- Hai Lang districts and the center of Southeast Economic Zone
Sector Division:
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks A. Project Siting Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the following Environmentally sensitive areas? ▪ Cultural heritage site x
▪ Legally protected Area (core zone or buffer zone) x Major trees which can be observed are Eucalyptus, Pine, Melaleuca and Acacia ▪ Wetland x mangium. The current status of the construction works of the subproject does ▪ Mangrove x not contain rare and valuable plants and animal species, which need to be ▪ Estuarine preserved in the Red List of Vietnam. There are no national protected parks within a radius of 80 km from the ▪ Special area for protecting biodiversity x subproject area.
B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…
▪ Impairment of historical/cultural areas; disfiguration of x landscape or potential loss/damage to physical cultural resources?
▪ Disturbance to precious ecology (e.g. sensitive or x protected areas)?
Page | 93
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks ▪ Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways x Surrounding canals, ditches at Km1+032 resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by (Trieu Son commune, Trieu Phong increased soil erosion at construction site? district); Km3+276, Km5+020, Km6+866, Km8+003 (Hai Ba commune), Km11+611, Km12+487, Km13+192, Km13+777, Km14+436, Km14+706, Km15+579 in Hai Duong commune, Hai Lang district. ▪ Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff x Worker-based camps and chemicals used and sanitary wastes from worker-based camps and in construction will be placed far from the chemicals used in construction? surface water. ▪ Increased air pollution due to project construction and x Air quality will be affected by excavation operation? and ground leveling, mixing of sand, cement. ▪ Noise and vibration due to project construction or x Some sections of the subproject route is operation? 15 - 30 m away from residential areas, so the impacts in the construction phase are assessed as Medium (because most work-items are located in the upgrading and improvement scope) and mitigable by appropriate construction measures such as: strictly comply with regulations on noise and vibration during construction such as arrange fence/barriers of 2 - 3 m height for areas adjacent to residential areas with a distance from 15 to 20 m; use vehicles and machines certificated according to the National Technical Standards, etc. In the operation phase, plant green trees, install traffic signs to ensure safety and minimize risk of pollution to the surrounding areas. ▪ Involuntary resettlement of people? (physical x The subproject construction is mainly displacement and/or economic displacement) implemented on the site plan of the existing route. The volume of compensation and resettlement is insignificant. There is no displaced household, only a few shops, barns, are marginally affected. No daily activity of local people in the subproject area is severely affected. ▪ Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and x The impacts of the subproject are mainly children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable positive impacts. The above objects and groups? local people in the subproject area will be beneficiaries thanks to the completion of proposed road. ▪ Poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in construction x Waste from construction site and work camps and work sites, and possible transmission of sites will be collected and transported the communicable diseases (such as STI's and HIV/AIDS) disposal sites. from workers to local populations?
▪ Creation of temporary breeding habitats for diseases x such as those transmitted by mosquitoes and rodents?
▪ Social conflicts if workers from other regions or x Local labor will be prioritized for countries are hired? recruitment.
Page | 94
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks ▪ Large population influx during project construction and x operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?
▪ Risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health x The impacts during construction are and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and assessed as low and medium and can be radiological hazards during project construction and mitigated by suitable measures. operation?
▪ Risks to community health and safety due to the x In the construction process, the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials Community safety risks are assessed as such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during Low and the contractor will provide construction and operation? appropriate measures to mitigate negative impacts. ▪ Community safety risks due to both accidental and x natural causes, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?
▪ Generation of solid waste and/or hazardous waste? X Waste from construction site and work sites will be collected and transported the ▪ Use of chemicals? x disposal sites.
▪ Generation of wastewater during construction or x Wastewater mainly arises during operation? construction. However, the Project Owner and Contractors commits that wastewater will be collected and preliminarily treated in compliance with the National Technical Regulations before being discharged into the natural environment. On the other hand, appropriate construction methods will be required to minimize the generation of waste water on the construction site. Thus, the impact is LOW.
Page | 95
A Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening
Country/Project Title: Road connecting Cua Viet port with Eastern communes of Trieu Phong-Hai Lang districts and the center of Southeast Economic Zone Sector: Subsector: Division/Department:
Screening Questions Score Remarks11 Location and Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its components) likely to 0 Design of be affected by climate conditions including extreme weather- project related events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides? Would the project design (e.g. the clearance for bridges) need to 0 consider any hydro-meteorological parameters (e.g., sea-level, peak river flow, reliable water level, peak wind speed etc.)? Materials and Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions (e.g. 1 Climate conditions will affect Maintenance prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast between hot selecting material to summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and humidity construction the road. hydro-meteorological parameters likely affect the selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs (e.g. construction material)? Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions, and 1 Climate conditions will affect related extreme events likely affect the maintenance (scheduling the maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s)? and cost) Performance of Would weather/climate conditions, and related extreme events 0 project outputs likely affect the performance (e.g. annual power production) of project output(s) (e.g. hydro-power generation facilities) throughout their design life time? Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below: Response Score Not Likely 0 Likely 1 Very Likely 2 Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response, will be categorized as high-risk project. Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): Medium Other Comments:______Prepared by: Quang Tri BIIG 2 PMU
11If possible, provide details on the sensitivity of project components to climate conditions, such as how climate parameters are considered in design standards for infrastructure components, how changes in key climate parameters and sea level might affect the siting/routing of project, the selection of construction material and/or scheduling, performances and/or the maintenance cost/scheduling of project outputs. Page | 96
ANNEX F: Confirmation of the sub-project environmental protection plan
Page | 97
Page | 98