CONTENTS

Messages

Committees

BEHSD – 2018 Organizers

Detailed Scientific Program

Abstracts of Plenary and Invited Lectures

Abstracts of Short Oral Presentations

Poster Abstracts

About BRSI

Sponsor

Message from Professor Alok Dhawan, Director, CSIR-IITR

Message from Dr D Parmar, Chairman, BEHSD-2018

Message from Professor TP Singh, President, BRSI

Message from Professor Ashok Pandey, General Chair, BEHSD-2018

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018) November 27-28, 2018 Organizing Committee Patron: Professor Alok Dhawan General Chairman: Professor Ashok Pandey Conference Chairman- Dr D Parmar Convener: Dr N Manickam Co-Conveners: Dr Kausar Ansari, Dr R Parthasarathi Treasurer- Dr K C Khulbe COA, CoFA, Sr. FAO, SPO, AO Committees and Members Fund Raising Catering and Refreshment Dr Poonam Kakkar (Chair Person) Dr K C Khulbe (Chairman) Dr Ratan Singh Ray (Convener) Dr Sanjay Yadav (Convener) Dr Sanjay Yadav Dr Sandeep Sharma Dr Sheelendra Pratap Singh Dr Ram Narayan Mr Laxmi Kant (Co-Convener) Scientific Session & Website, Publicity and Press Publication Audio visual & photography Dr K Chowdhuri (Chairman) Dr Yogeshwer Shukla (Chairman) Dr Ravi Ram Kristipati (Convener) Mr Nikhil Garg (Convener) Dr Akshay Dwarakanath Dr Akshay Dwarakanath Dr Amit Kumar Mr C M Tiwari Dr Vikas Srivatsava Mr Ali Kausar Dr R Rajagopal Mr Nasir Naqvi Dr Neeraj Satija Mr Shyam Kumar Pal Mr Sarfraj Ahmed Venue/stage Arrangement Transport Dr Alok Pandey (Chairman) Dr Ratan Singh Ray (Chairman) Dr Kausar M Ansari (Convener) Er A H Khan (Convener) Mr Yogendra Singh Dr Dhirendra Singh Mr R K Upadhyay Dr Anjeneya Dr Somendu Roy Mr Sandeep Negi Mr. Sandeep Kumar Mr. Prem Singh Mr Jai Shanker Registration Accommodation Dr Sanghamitra Bandopadhyay (Chair Dr VP Sharma (Chairman) Person) Dr Manoj Kumar (Convener) Dr Aruna Satish (Convener) Dr Pradeep Sharma Dr Chetna Singh Mr Sathyanarayana Dr Jyotsana Singh Mr. Pankaj Jagdale Dr Anurag Tripathi Mr Amit Kumar Mishra Mr. Pradeep Kumar Poster Session Cultural Programme Dr Ravi Ram (Chairman) Dr Alok Pandey (Chairman) Dr Pradeep Kumar Sharma (Convener) Dr Aruna Satish (Convener) Dr D Ghosh Dr Jyotsana Singh (Co-Convener) Dr Abhay Raj Dr Smriti Priya (Co-Convener) Ms Nidhi Arjaria Ms Swati Shrivatsava Medical Rapporteur Dr Kesava Chandran (Chairman) Dr R Rajagopal (Chairman) Dr Vipin Bihari (Convener) Dr Neeraj Satija (Convener) Dr Preeti Chaturvedi Dr S Anbumani Dr. Sandeep Sharma

1

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

BEHSD-2018 ORGANIZERS Patron Professor Alok Dhawan, Director, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow

General Chair Professor Ashok Pandey, Distinguished Scientist, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow

Conference Chair Professor TP Singh, President, BRSI, AIIMS, New Delhi Dr D Parmar, Chief Scientist, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow Convener Dr N Manickam, Senior Principal Scientist, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow Co-Conveners Dr R Parthasarathi, Principal Scientist, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow Dr Kausar Ansari, Senior Scientist, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow

Treasure Dr K C Khulbe, Senior Principal Scientist, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow

National Steering Committee

 Dr. Vivek Agarwal, CMD, CDC India, Jaipur  Prof. Saroj K Barik, Director, CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow  Prof. Asis Datta, Distinguished Scientist, NIPGR, New Delhi  Dr. Raghavendra Gaikaiwari, CMD, HTBS, Pune  Dr. Amit Ghosh, Distinguished scientist, NICED, Kolkata  Prof. P Gunasekaran, Vice-Chancelllor, VIT, Bhopal  Dr. Rakesh Kumar, Director, CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur  Dr. Rakesh Kumar Mishra, Director, CSIR-CCMB, Hyderabad  Prof. G. Padmanaban,Distinguished Scientist, IISc, Bangalore  Dr. Piyush Palkhiwala, CMD, Maps Enzymes, Ahmedabad  Prof. Din B Sahoo, Director, IBSD, Imphal  Prof. Debi Sarkar, Director, IISER, Chandigarh  Prof. Sudhir K Sopory, Distinguished Professor, ICGEB, New Delhi  Dr. Virendra M Tiwari, Director, CSIR-NGRI, Hyderabad  Prof. Ganapati D Yadav, Director, ICT, Mumbai

International Advisory Committee

 Prof. CN Aguilar, Mexico  Prof.Robin Anderson, USA  Dr. Maria Barbosa, The Netherlands  Prof. Raj Boopathy, USA  Dr. Sammy Boussiba, Israel

2

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

 Dr. David Bryant, UK  Prof. In Seop Chang, Republic of Korea  Prof. Jo Shu Chang, Taiwan  Dr. Roberto De Philippis, Italy  Dr. Hans Deschner, Germany  Prof. Cheng-Di Dong, Taiwan  Prof. David Dong, Taiwan  Prof. Edgard Gnansounou, Switzerland  Prof. Guocheng Du, China  Prof. Claude-Gilles Dussap, France  Prof. Suzana Ferreira-Dias, Portugal  Prof. Jega Jegatheesan, Australia  Prof. Samir Khanal, USA  Dr. Gopalkrishnan Kumar, Korea  Prof. Christian Larroche, France  Dr. Eon Seon Jin, Korea  Prof. Duu Jong Lee, Taiwan  Dr. Yuan Kun Lee, Singapore  Prof. Piet Lens, The Netherlands  Prof. Carol Lin, Hong Kong  Prof. Giorgio Mannina, Italy  Prof. Booki Min, Korea  Dr. Navid Moheimani, Australia  Prof. Ganti S Murthy, USA  Dr. K Rathinam Navanietha, USA  Prof. How Zong Ng, Singapore  Prof. Hao Huu Ngo, Australia  Dr. Poonam Nigam, UK  Prof. Hee Mock Oh, Korea  Prof. Dr. Bestami Ozkaya, Turkey  Dr. Komaraiah Palle, USA  Dr. Deepak Pant, Belgium  Prof. Jong-Moon Park, Korea  Dr. Siew-Moi Phang, Malaysia  Dr. Philip Pienkos, USA  Dr. Saul Purton, UK  Dr. Celine Rebours, Norway  Dr. Eldon Rene, The Netherlands

3

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

 Dr. Jhuma Sadhukhan, UK  Prof. Maria Angeles Sanroman, Spain  Prof. Aji K Sarmah, New Zealand  Prof. J Saucedo-Castaneda, Mexico  Prof. Sang Jun Sim, Korea  Prof. Carlos Ricardo Soccol, Brazil  Prof. Rao Surampalli, USA  Prof. Mohammad Taherzadeh, Sweden  Prof. Jose Teixeira, Portugal  Prof. Daniel Tsang, Hong Kong  Prof. Rajeshwar D. Tyagi, Canada  Dr. Vitor Verdelho Vieira, Portugal  Prof. C Visvanathan, Thailand  Dr. MakotoWatanabe, Japan  Prof. Jonathan Wong, Hong Kong  Prof. Yonghong Wu, China  Prof. Zhengqiang Zhang, China

National Advisory Committee

 Prof. Avinash K Agarwal, IIT, Kanpur  Prof. Rintu Banerjee, IIT, Kharagpur  Prof. UC Banerjee, NIPER, Mohali  Dr. G Baskar, SJCE, Chennai  Dr. Thallada Bhaskar, CSIR-IIP, Dehradun  Dr. P Binod, CSIR-NIIST, Trivandrum  Prof. Debabrata Das, IIT Khargapur  Dr. Supratim Datta, IISER – Kolkata  Prof. A Dayanand, UoG, Gulbarga  Prof. Kashyap K Dubey, CUH, Mahendragarh  Prof. Vikash Kumar Dubey, IIT, Guwahati  Dr. Arvind Duggal, DBT, New Delhi  Mr. Brigadier P Ganesham, Palle Srujana  Prof. MM Ghangrekar, IIT Kharagpur  Dr. Vinod K Garg, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda  Prof. SP Govindwar, Shivaji University, Kolhapur  Prof. Arun Goyal, IIT Guwahati  Prof. Bhola Gurjar, IIT Roorkee  Prof. BP Kapadnis, Pune University, Pune

4

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

 Dr. Rupam Kataki, Tezpur University, Tezpur  Dr. Nirmala Kaushik, TIFAC, New Delhi  Prof. Sunil Kumar Khare, IIT New Delhi  Dr. Ashwani Kumar, HSGCU, Sagar  Prof. R Praveen Kumar, Arunai, Thiruvannamalai  Dr. Sunil Kumar, CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur  Dr. Manoj Kumar Upreti, IOCL,Faridabad  Prof. Smita Lele, ICT, Mumbai  Dr. Datta Madamwar, SP University, Gujarat  Dr. Natesan Manickam, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow  Dr. Vivek Morya, DST Centre, BBAU, Lucknow  Prof. Suparna Mukherji, IIT Bombay  Prof. P Mullai, Annamalai University, Chidambaram  Dr. K Madhavan Nampoothiri, CSIR-NIIST, Trivandum  Dr. YV Nancharaiah, BARC, Kalpakkam  Dr. Neelu Navani, DYPU, Pune  Dr. Sangeeta Negi, MNNIT, Allahabad  Prof. Parmjit Singh Panesar, SLIET, Longowal  Dr. Deepak Pant, CUHP, Dharamshala  Prof. KB Ramachandran, IIT Chennai  Prof. Pramod W Ramteke, SHBUA, Allahabad  Prof. Latha Rangan, IIT Guwahati  Prof. Sudhakara M Reddy, Thapar University, Patiala  Prof. T Satyanarayana, NSIT, New Delhi  Dr. S Shivaji, BH Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad  Prof. Ram Sarup Singh, Punjabi University, Patiala  Dr. Sudhir Pratap Singh, CIAB, Mohali  Prof. Rekha S Singhal, ICT, Mumbai  Dr. Reeta Rani Singhania, DBT-BEC, IOCL, Faridabad  Prof. M Srimurali, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati  Dr. Sangeeta Srivastava, Godavari Biorefineries, Mumbai  Prof. Jyoti Prakash Tamang, Sikkim University, Gangtok  Prof. lndu S Thakur, JNU, New Delhi  Dr. Onkar Tiwari, DBT, New Delhi  Prof. Siddh Nath Upadhyay, IIT(BHU), Varanasi  Prof. Jyoti Vakhlu, UoJ, Jammu  Dr. Sunita Varjani, GPCB, Gandhinagar  Dr. Rajeev Kumar Varshney, ICRISAT, Hyderabad

5

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Scientific Program

International Conference organized and hosted by CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India in association with the Biotech Research Society (BRSI), India

November 27-28, 2018

Tuesday 27th November 2018

0800-1700h Registration

0900-0930h Opening session (S H Zaidi Auditorium) 0930-1000h Plenary 1 –Energy security and environmental sustainability: A perspective for India based on domestic carbon resources- Anjan Ray, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, India Chairs: Jo-Shu Chang, Taiwan &Ganti S Murthy, USA 1000-1030h Plenary 2 -Waste biorefinery and resource recovery using filamentous fungi-Mohammad J. Taherzadeh, Swedish Centre of Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Sweden Chairs: Jo-Shu Chang, Taiwan &Ganti S Murthy, USA

1030-1100h TEA/COFFEE 1100-1300h Session IA - Biological Waste Treatment (S Session IB - Lignocellulose Biorefinery (C R H Zaidi Auditorium) Krishnamurti Hall) Chairs: Vivek Agarwal, India&Deepak Pant, Chairs: Jose A Teixeira, Portugal &Upendra N Belgium Dwivedi, India 1100-1120h IL 01 - Opportunities and challenges of IL 02 - Debottlenecking the Hydrolysis in the anaerobic MBR for wastewater treatment & lignocellulosic ethanol process- Ganti S. reuse and energy recovery-How Yong Ng, Murthy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA National University of Singapore, Singapore 1120-1140h IL 03 - Methanothermobacter species IL 04 - Syngas production by chemical-looping isolated from the reactor for thermophilic gasification of biomass with Fe-based oxygen and hydrogenotrophic bio-methanation of carrier- Duu Jong Lee, National Taiwan University, CO2 for power to gas application-Byoung-In Taipei, Taiwan Sang, Hanyang University, Republic of Korea

1140-1200h IL 05 - Current state of sludge digestion and IL 06 - An insight on research and its improvement by co-digestion-Sang- developments in lignocellulose based Hyoun Kim, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic biohydrogen production-Ganesh of Korea DattatrayaSaratale, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 1200-1220h IL 07-Bacterial degradation of kraft lignin IL 08 - Effect of pyrolysis temperature on polycyclic and its application in effluents aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) toxicity of biochar

6

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

decolourisation- Abhay Raj, CSIR-Indian produced from spent-coffee-ground (SCG)- Cheng- Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow- Di Dong, National Kaohsiung University of Science and 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

1220-1230h SO 1 - Modelling for high rate anaerobic SO 2 - Synthesis of cellulose and lignin and treatment of industrial azadirachtin their application in the bioethanol production wastewater- P. Mullai, Annamalai University, and waste water treatment- PreethaGanguly, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

1230-1240h SO 3 - An environmentally sustainable and SO 4 - Thermo-alkaline pretreatment of pine eco-friendly process for remediation of needle biomass of Pinusroxburghii for petroleum hydrocarbons in oil field bioethanol production- Parvez Singh Slathia, formation water- Bhaskar Das, Institute of Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, Advanced Study in Science and Technology, India Guwahati, Assam, India

1240-1300h IL 09 - Microbial electrosynthesis from CO2 IL 10 - Lignin metabolic pathway engineering is resilient to fluctuations in renewable for improved biomass utilization - Upendra N energy supply- Deepak Pant, Separation and Dwivedi, Lucknow University, Lucknow Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium

1300-1400 h LUNCH

1300-1530h POSTER SESSTION I

1530-1630h Session IIA - Environmental Bioengineering Session IIB - Lignocellulose Biorefinery (C R (S H Zaidi Auditorium) Krishnamurti Hall) Chairs: Duu Jong Lee, Taiwan &Indu S Thakur, Chairs: Sang-Hyoun Kim, Korea &Nigel S. India Scrutton, UK

1530-1550h IL 11 - Application of biotrickling filters for IL 12 - Synthesis of mesoporous silica particle the bioconversion of waste-gas and from rice husks after biosugar production wastewater to value-added resources- Eldon -Jin Hyung Lee,Korea Institute of Ceramic Rene, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, the Netherlands Engineering and Technology, Jinju, Reublic of Korea 1550-1610h IL 13 - Biodegradation of persistent organic IL 14 - Sustainable developments for pollutants: A global perspective- valorization of lignocellulosic biomass for SunitaVarjani, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, biofuels and value-added chemicals- Gandhinagar, India ThalladaBhaskar, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, India 1610-1630h IL 15 - Phosphorus recovery from mixed IL 16 - Thermal processing of oil palm biomass microbial culture: production and extraction and chemical and biological properties of its through green methods-Giorgio Mannina, pyroligneous acid-ZainulAkmarZakaria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Palermo, Italy Malaysia

7

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

1630-1700h TEA/COFFEE

1700-1750h Session IIIA - Waste Biorefinery and Session IIIB – Industrial Bioprocesses and Sustainability (S H Zaidi Auditorium) Products (C R Krishnamurti Hall) Chairs: How Yong Ng, Singapore &Kashyap Chairs: Robin C Anderson, USA & Cheng-Di Dong, Kumar Dubey, India Taiwan 1700-1720h IL 17 - Simultaneous wastewater treatment IL 18 - Process development for the production and high-value algal biomass production of fructo-oligosaccharides- Jose A Teixeira, using Chlorella sorokiniana AK-1- Jo-Shu University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Chang, National Cheng Kung University,Tainan, Taiwan 1720-1740h IL 39 - Perspectives for recovery of nitrogen, IL 20 - Technical Challenges in the phosphorus and organic pollutants from development of biomass hydrolyzing enzymes- wastewater along with production of Rajeev Kumar Sukumaran, CSIR-National Institute biomaterials for biosafety and life cycle for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, assessment analysis- InduShekhar Thakur, Trivandrum, India Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India 1740-1800h IL 21 - Characterization of a halotolerant IL 22 - Synthetic biology platforms for Dunaliellasalina isolated from hypersaline monoterpene production- Nigel S. Sambhar lake: its mass cultivation and Scrutton,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, harvesting strategies- Ravi K. Asthana, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Kingdom Hindu University, Varanasi, India 1800-1820h IL 23 - Biotechnological interventions for IL 24 - Novel bioplastics from microbial carbon dioxide capture and transformation- monoterpenoid feedstocks- Helen S. Toogood, Manoj Kumar,Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The R&D Centre, Faridabad, Haryana, India University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom 1820-1840h IL 25 - Designer ecosystems: Developing IL 26 - Metal-containing alumina catalysed new cropping systems for increasing glucose isomerisation in methanol-S. agricultural income and ecological Saravanamurugan, Center of Innovative and restoration of marginal lands- Rana Pratap Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali, India Singh, BabasahebBhimraoAmbedkar University,, Lucknow – 226 025, India

1900-2000h CULTURAL PROGRAM (S H Zaidi Auditorium)

2000-2100h DINNER

Wednesday 28th November 2018 Plenary session (S H Zaidi Auditorium)

0900-0930h Plenary 3 -Ecotoxicity of metal nanoparticles in a model aquatic organism: enzymatic biomarkers and bioaccumulation perspective- RekhaSinghal, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India Chairs: Byoung-In Sang, Korea&Mohammad Taherzadeh, Sweden 0930-1000h Plenary 4- Pollutants solidification: past, present and future perspective, HuuHao Ngo, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

8

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Chairs: Byoung-In Sang, Korea&Mohammad Taherzadeh, Sweden 1000-1030h Plenary 5 – Potential of employing crude glycerols generated by different biodesel production process: Impact on process performance- RD Tyagi, University of Quebec, INRS, Quebec, Canada Chairs: Byoung-In Sang, Korea&Mohammad Taherzadeh, Sweden

1030-1100h TEA/COFFEE

1100-1300h Session IVA - Environmental Bioengineering Session IVB – Industrial & Food Technology (S H Zaidi Auditorium) and Toxicology (C R Krishnamurti Hall) Chair: Rajeshwar D Tyagi, Canada & Jong Chair: RekhaSinghal, India &Akhilesh Tiwari, India Moon Park, Korea 1100-1120h IL 27 - Bacterial degradation of chlorpyrifos- IL 28 - Bioavailability of As, Cd and Pb in soils Suresh K. Dubey, Banaras Hindu University, and foods: implication for human health- Lena Varanasi, India QiyingMa,University of Florida, Gainesville, USA

1120-1140h IL 29 - Effect of black soldier fly IL 30 - Potential of traditional African pulses in (Hermetiaillucens L., Diptera: Stratiomyidae) food product development and starch based on manure composting under optimized bioplastic film production- condition- Zengqiang Zhang,, Northwest A&F Suren Singh, Durban University of Technology, University, Yangling, PR China Durban, South Africa

1140-1200h IL 31 - Natural compounds as biological SO 5- Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from control agents against pathogenic and plants extract for antimicrobial activity– antimicrobial resistant bacteria in animal InduBhushan Sharma, SMVD University, Katra and biotechnological wastes- Robin C. (J&K), India Anderson, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, SO 7 - Optimization of phytase production by College Station, Texas, USA lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kalarei, a fermented milk product-Preeti Sharma, SMVD University, Katra, (J&K) India 1200-1220h IL 32 - Natural attenuation as a treatment IL – Enzymes and their role in the industrial option for domestic wastewater- AtyaKapley, biotechnology space- VivekSharma,Dupont at CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Palo-Alto Research Center, USA Research Institute, Nagpur, India 1220-1240h IL 33 - Microbial community and antibiotic IL 34- Biochemical, molecular and resistant genes succession in chicken bioinformatics insight into pectinases: An manure compost amended with clay- update,Dinesh Yadav, Department of Mukesh Kumar Awasthi, Northwest A&F Biotechnology, University, Yangling, PR China DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India

1240-1340 h LUNCH

1240-1440h POSTER SESSTION II

1440-1540h Session VA - Waste to Wealth- Resource Session VB – Nanotechnology – Applications in Recovery (S H Zaidi Auditorium) Food and Health Sectors (C R Krishnamurti Chairs: Giorgio Mannina, Italy & ZQ Zhang, Hall) China Chairs: Suren Singh, South Africa &Indu B

9

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Sharma, India 1440- 1500h IL -How Green is Waste Management in India?” IL 36 - Green nanotechnology: Applications Vivek Agarwal, CDC India, Jaipur, India and toxicity issues- Rijuta Ganesh Saratale, Dongguk University, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea 1500-1520h IL 37 - Liquid and gas biofuel production IL 38 - Microbial synthesis of poly--glutamic from food wastewater- Jong Moon Park, acid and its conversion to super-paramagnetic POSTECH, Pohang, South Korea iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery applications- BinodParmeswaran, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 1520-1540h SO 8 - Bioconversion of food waste into IL 40 - Nanoarchitecture of silver nanoparticles value added product by adopting approach for enhancing antimicrobial proficiency against of integrated biorefinery- Pratibha Singh, MDR bacteria - Aradhana Mishra, CSIR-National Department of Chemistry, JSS Academy of Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India Technical education, Noida, UP, India

1545-1615h CLOSING SESSION (Poster awards) (S H Zaidi Auditorium)

1615-1645h TEA/COFFEE

10

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Abstracts of Plenary and Invited Lectures

11

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

PL 01

Energy security and environmental sustainability: A perspective for India based on domestic carbon resources

Anjan Ray CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, India

Conventional wisdom has it that increasing economic activity is accompanied by energy demand growth, much of which still comes from fossil-derived resources namely coal, petroleum and natural gas. This poses a concomitant challenge of increase in greenhouse gas emissions, not only from combustion of fossil fuels but also along the value chain and through fugitive emissions.

India is particularly vulnerable to geopolitical disruptions on its energy economy because of the very high percentage of imported liquid and gaseous fossil fuel content in its primary energy pool. However, a critical examination of the same imports in terms of carbon atoms suggests very significant scope for substitution with domestic carbon resources, including anthropogenic carbon linked to economic activity. Further, developments in alternate non-carbon energy generation and distribution has gathered momentum and offers possibilities for overall carbon demand reduction in the energy mix.

It is thus entirely conceivable that a future state of the Indian economy will rely considerably upon domestic, rather than imported, carbon. A possible roadmap towards such an energy future has been developed.

PL 02

Waste biorefinery and resource recovery using filamentous fungi

Mohammad J. Taherzadeh Swedish Centre of Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Sweden

Although the concept of biorefinery is not new, but there are still not many examples of such processes in the world. Considering the fact that we are consuming our resources and produce billion tons of wastes, waste biorefinery and resource recovery are inevitable. On the other hand, fungi have all the time been important piece of natural recycling process for a wide variety of materials such as lignocelluloses, starch, sugar, proteins, etc. So, the question is how to learn from nature and develop biorefineries using the fungi?

In this presentation, the results on functions of different edible filamentous fungi from zygomycetes and ascomycetes are explained on how they can convert wastes and residuals to value-added products including metabolites, enzymes, animal feed, human food in a waste biorefinery. Finally, an example on how these fungi were used to convert a 1st generation ethanol plant to a waste biorefinery in larger scale to consume lignocelluloses and other residuals.

PL 03

Ecotoxicity of metal nanoparticles in a model aquatic organism: enzymatic biomarkers and bioaccumulation perspective

Hemant P. Borasea, Satish V. Patilb, Rekha S. Singhala aFood Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-400019, Maharashtra, India; bSchool of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-425001, Maharashtra, India

The release of nanomaterials in water reservoirs is hazardous due to possibilities of its tropic transport in the food chain. This talk gives an overview of ecotoxicity of various metal nanoparticles on numerous aquatic non- target organisms, the biochemical, neurological and behavioral changes observed in response thereto, and the possible mechanisms associated therewith. Cladoceran (Moina macrocopa) is less explored in ecotoxicological

12

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

studies as a non-target aquatic organism as compared to other prevalent species such as Daphnia magna, Danio rerio. Exploring new test species and increasing the number of known test species to find species sensitivity to aquatic pollutants is an alarming need. The advantages of using M. macrocopa for eco-toxicity studies are its small size (1.0 mm) and easy maintenance, short life cycle, sensitivity to pollutants, and wide distribution around the world. M. macrocopa inhabit the upper layer of water bodies making it more susceptible to nanoexposure. The talk then presents and discusses the results of exposure of silver nanoparticles of 20 and 40 nm as well as gold nanoparticles of 29 nm on the 48 h LC50 value on M.macrocopa. It also details the effect of sub-lethal exposure on acetyl cholinesterase, digestive enzymes (trypsin, amylase, β-galactosidase), the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase), and alkaline phosphatase. The potential of using these enzymes as biomarker in environmental risk assessment of nanoparticles is highlighted. The nanoparticles caused toxicity to M. macrocopa through interplay between uptake, accumulation, aggregation, and excretion in the organism and environment. The toxicity of the nanoparticles to M. macrocopa was attributed to oxidative stress, inhibition of digestive enzymes, and accumulation in the gut. Complete depuration of the nanoparticles was not observed even after transferring nano-exposed M. macrocopa to normal medium. The nanoparticles tended to adhere on external body parts such as setae, carapace of M. macrocopa which interfered with swimming and also changed the behavioral pattern.

PL 04

Pollutants solidification: past, present and future perspective

Huu Hao Ngo School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Most of the wastes, such as heavy metals, micropollutants and organic chemicals, are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic threatening public health and ecosystem. Pollutants leaching in landfills is an emerging problem which can be controlled by solidification technique. Solidification changes the current toxic wastes to a more physically and chemically stable form, consequently, converting to a less toxic and mobile characteristic. This treatment can deal with liquid waste, semi-solid sludge or a powder to a monolithic form or granular materials. For instance, the regular solidification through concrete production has been developed to geo-polymer technology, which extensively immobilizes pollutants molecules in polymer bonds. There are also various evaluation methods, encompassing leaching tests and measurements of acid neutralization level, to quantify the solubility and reactivity of contaminants once exposing to reagents and environments. Thus, this study highlights the technical aspects of solidification technologies, including material sources, factors determining the solidifying efficiency, microstructure of solidified pollutants and binders and leaching potential.

PL 05

Potential of employing crude glycerol generated by different biodiesel production process - Impact on process performance

RD Tyagi and L. Kumar University of Quebec, INRS-ETE, 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec, G1K9A9, Quebec, Canada

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that is produced mainly from vegetable oils and animal fats. Biodiesel is safe, renewable, non-toxic, and biodegradable (98% biodegrades in just a few weeks), contains fewer sulphur compounds and has a high flash point (>130 oC). Current biodiesel feedstocks like agriculture, fossils and wood cause environmental concerns like global warming, greenhouse gas emission and also leads to depletion of natural resources like deforestation. The soaring price of edible oil leads to biodiesel production unaffordable and present feedstock sources for fuel production are limited. Food crops like Jatropha, rapeseed and canola are used for biodiesel production but they have disadvantages like dependency on soil and climatic conditions, removal of rain forest, high labour and energy intensive process. Animal slaughtering for biodiesel production will not be a good option. At present, the study of microbial oil production has gradually become popular. The lipid, which is derived from microorganisms, also known as microbial oil, can be quickly synthesized and accumulated; its fatty-acid composition is highly similar to that of vegetable oil. Importantly, microbial growth requires a substantial amount of carbon sources. Glucose has been reported as a carbon source for lipid production. However, such preparation are costly; therefore, other renewable and cheap carbon sources are

13

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

being explored. Several carbon sources have been used in the literature for lipid production like carbon, xylose, starch waste, molasses and lignocellulosic biomass. However, crude glycerol has attained researcher’s attention in past few decades for lipid production. With increasing biodiesel demand, crude glycerol, a biodiesel by- product containing numerous complex impurities, is produced in large quantities. Hence, the disposal of crude glycerol is currently an urgent problem.

Currently, crude glycerol is typically treated as wastewater in European countries or refined to pure glycerol for selling. However, the refining cost is $0.20/lb, which is expensive for intermediate sized and small-sized enterprises (the high cost is due to the glycerol industry downturn, supply exceeding demand and low costs). Meanwhile, the raw materials for biodiesel production cover a considerable portion of the cost. Hence, the use of crude glycerol as carbon source for lipid preparation may not only solve the crude glycerol disposal problem but also eliminate the use of high cost raw materials for biodiesel production. Oleaginous microorganisms include yeast, mould, algae, bacteria and are capable of using glycerol as substrate for lipid synthesis.

In a recent study, the effect of crude glycerol impurities on lipid production by Rhodosporidum toruloides was investigated. On comparing with utilizing pure glycerol, presence of methyl oleate, sodium oleate and NaCl in crude glycerol increased lipid production by 47%, 68% and 64% respectively, while methanol decreased lipid production by 17.7%. However, when methanol was also present with other impurities, its inhibition effect was alleviated due to the promoting effect of other impurities. The effect of methanol concentration on lipid production was studied using T. oleaginosus. In our study, crude glycerol used was non-sterilized and fortified with different methanol concentration of 1.4% (w/v), 2.2% (w/v), 3.3% (w/v) and 4.4% (w/v). In this batch fermentation study using 1.4% (w/v) methanol, the maximum biomass (12.64 g/L) and lipid concentration (3.29 g/L) was obtained at 72 h and 42 h, respectively. As the methanol concentration in the medium increased, biomass and lipid concentration decreased due to toxic effects of methanol on both the cell growth as well as lipid accumulation. Many studies have been conducted on effect of NaOH, methanol and free-fatty acids (FFAs) on cell growth and lipid production but studies explaining effect of metal ions (sodium or potassium) present in crude glycerol solution have not been reported.

We conducted study using three different crude glycerol solutions obtained from different biodiesel manufacturing companies - ROTHSAY, BIOCARDEL and BIOLIQ. These biodiesel manufacturing companies adopt different catalysts, oil sources and manufacturing processes and the crude glycerol solution generated by different companies possesses different impurities and metal ions concentration, which could exert different effect on biomass and lipid production. Therefore, objective of this study was to investigate the effect of metal ions present in crude glycerol on lipid accumulation by Y. Lipoltica isolated in our laboratory. This study is important as it directly utilizes crude glycerol for lipid accumulation without purification and could help biodiesel industry in recycling their crude glycerol produced during trans-esterification.

IL 01

Opportunities and Challenges of Anaerobic MBR for Wastewater Treatment & Reuse and Energy Recovery

How Yong Ng Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore

The performance of the lab-scale Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) was investigated using ceramic membranes with different pore sizes to elucidate membrane fouling mechanisms. For domestic wastewater, COD removal efficiencies achieved by the AnMBRs were about 88.6±9.0%, producing an effluent with COD and ammonium concentration of 35.8±26.8 and 40.2±2.3 mg/L, respectively, which can be potentially used for agricultural irrigation. Long-term fouling rates were higher with bigger pore size due to pore blockages by dissolved organic matters. The application of biocarriers in the AnMBR reduced membrane fouling rates due to enhanced physically scouring of membrane surfaces.

AnMBR was further explored for the treatment of high saline and organic strength pharmaceutical wastewater. Two AnMBRs with two different type of innoculants - conventional anaerobic digested sludge and halophic microorganisms from intertidal wetland sediment were compared. The results showed that halophic microorganisms from intertidal wetland sediment could achieve much superior organic removal efficiency than that of the anaerobic digested sludge at 71.4±3.7 and 32.3±6.1%, respectively. Fluorescent-in-situ-hybridization analysis confirmed the presence of a higher relative abundance of methanogenic populations and 16S rRNA

14

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

gene pyrosequencing found several microbial groups related with degradation of hardly biodegradable compounds in the AnMBR inoculated with halophic microorganisms.

IL 02

Debottlenecking the Hydrolysis in the Lingocellulosic Ethanol Process

Haider J. Kadhum, DurgaMadhab Mahapatra and Ganti S. Murthy Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA

Enzymatic hydrolysis is a critical process bottleneck in the lignocellulosic ethanol process. Low sugar titers and yields, high enzyme dosages are some of the challenges that need to be addressed to enhance the commercial viability of the process. Multiple strategies including high solids concentrations, addition of surfactants and recycling of biomass and/or enzymes have been proposed to address some of these issues. In this research, we will report the results of a comprehensive experimental study to investigate and evaluate the above mentioned approaches individually and in combination. We report the construction of a novel horizontal design ultrahigh solid reactor which can handle up to 50% solids content. A helical ‘angled paddle” mixer to minimize energy consumption while ensuring adequate mixing and contact between enzyme and substrate was used in the novel horizontal reactor. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 was chosen as a surfactant of choice based on previous experiments and was used to evaluate its efficacy in improving enzymatic hydrolysis. Biomass cost is the third largest contributing factor to the operational costs of a second generation biorefinery. Hence, the high solid hydrolysis and surfactant addition strategies were combined with a biomass recycling strategy to further enhance the hydrolysis efficiency and final glucose titers. Detailed techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment were also performed to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility and environmental impacts of various options.

IL 03

Methanothermobacter species isolated from the reactor for thermophilic and hydrogenotrophic bio- methanation of CO2 for power to gas application

Byoung Seung Jeon, Mungi Hong, Kowoon Ju, Sung Min Han, Hyunjin Kim, Okkyung Choi and Byoung-In Sang Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangshimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea

Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis (HM) has recently gained significant attention due to its potential as a CO2 utilization process. The low temperature and pressure operating conditions required as well as the inexpensiveness of the microbial catalyst make the biological synthesis of CH4 from CO2 an attractive alternative to conventional biogas upgrading methods. Furthermore, the conversion of excess renewable electricity to methane (Power to Gas) has the potential to resolve many of the current inadequacies of existing power back up technologies, such as storage capacity, cost and geographical limitations and support renewable energy developments in terms of minimizing power curtailment and facilitating wider deployment of renewable energy generation in regions with limited electricity grid availability. To investigate the biomethanation of CO2 sludge from wastewater treatment plant in Seoul, Korea was inoculated into the HM bioreactor and the reactor was operated at 60 ℃ with supply of CO2 and H2 (1:4) for 7 months. Conversion efficiency for CO2 into CH4 has increased to 60% and CH4 production rate increased to 2.5 VVD. From the reactor two Methanothermobater species were isolated and evaluated for methane production performance. Both strains were cultivated well into basic anaerobic medium containing CO2/H2 and produced methane gas using CO2 as a sole carbon. Whole genomes of two strains analyzed by pyrosequencing method showed the obvious difference on genetic levels.

Keywords: Bio-methanation, Methanothermobater, genome analysis, and carbon dioxide (CO2)

IL 04

Syngas production by chemical-looping gasification of biomass with Fe-based oxygen carrier

Jianjun Hua, Chong Lia, Qianhui Guoa, Shuheng Zhaoa, Quanguo Zhanga, Dun Lia and Duu-Jong Leeb,c* aCollaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China; bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and

15

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan ; cDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan Direct chemical looping gasification of biomass to syngas is a promising new energy technology compared with traditional syngas production process using gaseous fuel. Experimental study on the synthesis of syngas from rice straw was carried out on a biomass chemical looping gasifier. Effects of reaction temperature (T), mass ratio of water vapor to biomass (S/B), mass ratio of oxygen carrier to biomass (OC/B) and reaction time (t) on the chemical looping gasification performance of rice straw were investigated. In this study, an iron - based composite oxygen carrier was used. The effects of various factors and their interactions on the H2/CO value in synthesis gas were studied using the response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design. The result shows that the H2 and CO contents in syngas increases with the increase of reaction temperature; addition of water vapor increases the content of H2; maximum H2/CO and total content of H2 and CO occurs at S/B=2.8; while the content of H2 in syngas increases and the content of CO decreases with reaction time. The optimal conditions predicted by response surface methodology are 899.6 oC, 20.3min, OC/B=1.02 and S/B=2.89 that yields H2/CO=2.23. Verification experiments confirm the predicted outcomes.

IL 05

Current state of sludge digestion and its improvement by co-digestion

Sang-Hyoun Kim School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; E-mail: [email protected]

Anaerobic digestion is the only unit process to produce energy and supposed to treat around 60% of organic matters in domestic wastewater and. However, in Korea, most of sludge digesters show biogas production much lower than the designed value due to insufficient organic loading rate. At the same time, the treatment of high- strength organic waste including food waste is one of the serious environmental problems. Co-digestion is the simultaneous digestion of a mixture of two or more organic substrates. Co-digestion of sewage sludge with food waste would result in higher biogas production, better sludge degradation and the treatment of food waste without additional digester construction. However, careful management is required to add the external pollution source into public wastewater treatment stream. This presentation introduces the current state of sludge digestion and the perspective of co-digestion in Korea.

Keywords: Biogas; Co-digestion; Food waste; Sewage sludge

IL 06

An insight on research and developments in lignocellulose based biohydrogen production

Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea

Hydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) using dark fermentation has increased attention because of its eco-friendly and sustainable approach relative to other biohydrogen production processes. Biohydrogen could be considered as a clean and attractive substitute for fossil fuels and can headway to a sustainable hydrogen-oriented economy. However, in this process various pretreatment processes are required because of recalcitrant structure of LCB and for the deliverance of readily fermentable sugars for dark fermentation. Biohydrogen production from LCB using dark fermentation and bottlenecks associated with the pretreatment methods, substrate utilization, and low hydrogen yield are summarized. To overcome this, many solutions for instance microbial inoculum, optimization of process operating parameters and various integrated processes such as dark fermentation in combination with photofermentation, anaerobic digestion, microbial electrochemical systems and algal system to enhance biohydrogen production are addressed. This presentation highlights various integration schemes by discussing their principles and current study progressed to attain industrialized biohydrogen production with higher utilization of LCB, and to make the process more efficient and practically applicable.

16

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

IL 07

Bacterial degradation of kraft lignin and its application in effluents decolourisation

Abhay Raj and Rajesh Kumar Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Lignin, a most recalcitrant component of the plant cell wall emerged as a waste from paper industry is major challenge for the environmental health. Lignin is very difficult to microbial degradation due to its complex structure. Microorganisms degrading lignin have potential of biotechnological application in various industries. Here we report a newly isolated ligninolytic bacterial strain Serratia liquefaciens which is capable of degrading lignin. The lignin degradation efficiency of isolate was evidenced by combining chemical characterization studies. The isolate was further evaluated for the treatment of paper mill effluent and Azure B dye decolourisation. Substantial detoxification of paper mill effluent and dye decolourisation was observed. The findings suggest that S. liquefaciens culture could be a potential bacterial culture for bioremediation of paper mill effluent, as it is effective in substantial lowering of pollutants load as well as reduces the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of effluent.

Keywords: Kraft lignin. S. liquefaciens. Effluent decolourisation. Genotoxicity.

IL 08

Effect of pyrolysis temperature on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) toxicity of biochar produced from spent-coffee-ground (SCG)

Cheng-Di Dong*, Chiu-Wen Chen, Nguyen Van Truc and Chang-Mao Hung Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Biochar is a product resulting from thermal conversion of biomass under conditions of limited oxygen. However, during the carbonization process of pyrolysis, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can form and are present on the surface of biochar. PAHs are a group of persistent organic contaminants. The temperature is the key factor responsible for the yield of PAHs in biochar. In this study, we investigated the 16 priority EPA PAH concentrations made from spent-coffee-grounds (SCG) biochar pyrolyzed over a range 300−1000 oC and found that naphthalene (NA) to be the major hazardous compound at 700−1000 oC. Moreover, the toxic equivalent (TEQ) determines the carcinogenic potential of the biochar containing PAHs compounds. The results obtained provided a preliminary indication that in the estimation of the potential risk factor for human health is the concentration of PAHs due to the increased rate of biochar application. This finding points to the need for more detailed studies looking into the effects of pyrolysis temperature on the degree of ecotoxicological of biochars.

Keywords: biochar; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; spent coffee grounds; pyrolysis

IL 09

Microbial electrosynthesis from CO2 is resilient to fluctuations in renewable energy supply

Mélida del Pilar Anzola Rojasa b#, Raúl Mateosa c#, Ana Sotresc, Marcelo Zaiatd, Ernesto Rafael Gonzalezb, Adrián Escapac, Heleen De Wevera* and Deepak Panta* aSeparation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; bSão Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo. Av. Trabalhador Sãocarlense, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo (USP), Brazil; cChemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Group, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA) - University of Leon, Av. Portugal, 41 24071 León, Spain; dLaboratory of Biological Processes, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, São Paulo 13563-120, Brazil

17

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) allow CO2 capture and utilization for the electricity-driven bioproduction of organics such as acetic acid. Such systems can be coupled to any renewable electricity supply, especially those derived from solar and wind energy. However, fluctuations or even absence of electricity may cause damages or changes in the microbial community, and/or affect the performance and robustness of MES. Therefore, the effect of electric supply interruptions on MES performance was evaluated for the first time initially using bicarbonate as the substrate and later the transformation of gaseous CO2 into organic products was assessed continuously during 120 days of operation. Time-increasing power outages, from 4 h to 64 h, were applied in order to evaluate the effects of electric energy (current) absence on microbial community, organics formation, production rates and product accumulation. Acetic acid was the main product observed before and after the power outages. In case of bicarbonate as substrate, interruptions affected the acetate production rate, causing a -1 decrease of until 77% after 64 h off. With CO2 as substrate, a maximum titer and production rate of 6965 mg L and 516.2 mg L-1 d-1 (35.8 g m-2 d-1) of acetic acid were observed, respectively. During the absence of power supply, it was observed that acetic acid is oxidized back to CO2 which suggests microbial activity and/or pathway reversal. However, the electro-autotrophic activity recovered after the power gaps, and acetic acid production was restored after reconnecting the energy supply, reaching a current density of -25 A m-2. The microbial community of the biofilm responsible for this behavior was characterized by means of high- throughput sequencing, revealing that Clostridium, Desulfovibrio and Sporomusa accounted for 93% of the total community attached onto the cathodic biofilm. Such resilience of electrotrophic microorganisms reinforces the opportunity to couple bioelectrochemical systems to renewable energy, overcoming the eventual electrical power fluctuations.

IL 10

Lignin metabolic pathway engineering for improved biomass utilization

U.N. Dwivedi Department of Biochemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow-226 007, India

Lignin is an integral cell wall constituent along with cellulose and hemicellulose and is present in all vascular plants. Lignin provides rigidity and strength to the plant as well as it protects cellulose microfibrils from the physical, chemical and biological attacks. However, its presence is one of the greatest obstacles for the optimal utilization of biomass for various purposes such as pulp production in paper industry, nutrition of livestock and new technologies concerned with biodegradation of lignocellulosic materials (biofuel / bioenergy). Therefore, it is desirable to develop improved plant varieties with altered lignin content and composition. In this direction, we have been working on the biochemistry and genetic engineering of lignin biosynthesis with the ultimate objective of altering lignin content and composition in Leucaena leucocephala, a nitrogen fixing tree legume of importance in paper manufacturing and nutritious forage production. In the present talk, data pertaining to cloning and expression of genes encoding three key enzymes of phenyl propanoid pathway namely, caffeic acid o –methyl transfersae (COMT), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), peroxidase (POX) and laccase (LAC) along with those of genetic transformation of Leucaena using antisense gene construct of OMT, will be presented. Also role of these enzymes/genes in fruit ripening and defense will also be discussed.

IL 11

Application of biotrickling filters for the bioconversion of waste-gas and wastewater to value-added resources

M. Estefanía López, Tejaswini Eregowda, Ramita Khanongnuch, Piet N. L. Lens and Eldon R. Rene* Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, the Netherlands

A biotrickling filter (BTF) is advantageous over other biotechnologies (e.g., bioscrubber and biofilter) for the treatment of hydrophilic gas-phase pollutants and wastewater. The three case-studies focused on evaluating: (i) the performance of an aerobic BTF for the treatment of α-pinene, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methanol under steady and transient state operations, (ii) the performance of an anoxic BTF for the simultaneous removal of H2S and nitrate containing wastewater, and (iii) the performance of an anaerobic BTF for the utilization of gas-phase 2- methanol coupled to thiosulphate (S2O3 ) reduction and resource recovery through

In all the three-case studies, the gas-phase flow, i.e. the waste-gas, was fed counter currently through the filter bed, while the aqueous phase (e.g. wastewater) containing the inorganics and other trace nutrients for sustaining

18

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

microbial activity in the biofilm was trickled over the filter bed in down flow mode. The BTFs were operated under steady-and transient-state operation, wherein the inlet concentration of the pollutant(s) and the gas-flow rate (i.e. the empty bed residence time) were varied in order to achieve different pollutant loading rates to the BTF. The long-term performance of the reactors were monitored in terms of its elimination capacity, contamination removal efficiency and/or the amount of value-added VFA produced.

The removal of methanol was >90% in the BTF, while the H2S removal depended on the concentration of nitrate (S/N ratio) in the wastewater or the α-pinene concentration in gas-phase. The production of acetate (~ 2500 mg/L) and other volatile fatty acids were observed in the anaerobic BTF. Dissolved oxygen and pH levels affected the removal of S compounds in the BTF, while the kinetics of the process depended on the degree of acclimation, the activity of the microorganism and the microbial community distribution along the depth of the filter bed. The simultaneous treatment of gas-phase methanol using nitrate or S-rich wastewater is an innovative solution to recover useful resources from polluted gas/water streams.

Keywords: Biotrickling filter; waste-gas treatment; elimination capacity; resource recovery; biogas upgrading

IL 12

Synthesis of mesoporous silica particle from rice husks after biosugar production

Jin Hyung Lee Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Jinju, Reublic of Korea; Email: [email protected]

Lignocellulosic biomass is composed of three major components – cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. For bioethanol production, cellulose and hemicellulose were mainly used as a source of biosugar. After processing, lignin and inorganic materials were remained as a byproduct. This study will present the synthesis of meso- porous silica from rice husks after biosugar production. The synthesis process involved removing metallic impurities, dissolving as a form of sodium silicate, and recrystallinizing purified silica. The meso-porous silica particles synthesized has a both high purity (>99.6%) and surface area (>500 m2/g).I will also present the synthesis of graphitic porous carbon with commercially viable specific capacitance and high specific surface area from pith pine biomass, which would be used as an energy storage material.

IL 13

Biodegradation of persistent organic pollutants: A global perspective

Sunita Varjani Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Sector-10A, Gandhinagar – 382 010, Gujarat, India

Organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, photolytic and biological processes are defined as Persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Due to their recalcitrant nature they persistence in environment and bioaccumulate which leads to biomagnification of these pollutants such as dyes and dyes intermediates, polychlorinated biphenyls, petroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides and dioxins. These pollutants have potential to pose adverse impacts on human health and the environment. They were first discussed at Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001. Initially the Convention recognized only twelve POPs. These are also known as “dirty dozen”. Since 2001 the list of POPs has been expanded to include some other pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and brominated flame retardants etc. Growing awareness about harmful effects of pollution due to POPs to the environment and human health has led to marked increase in research into various strategies to be used for their remediation. These pollutants are degraded by a large variety of microorganisms. Scope of bioremediation for POPs will be discussed. Exposure routes, toxicity fate and microbial degradation of persistent organic pollutants as well as opportunities and challenges in the bioremediation field of POPs will be presented.

Keywords: Bioremediation, Dirty dozen, Petroleum hydrocarbons, POPs, Stockholm Convention IL 14

Sustainable developments for valorization of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuels and value added chemicals

19

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Thallada Bhaskar Thermo-catalytic Processes Area, Bio-Fuels Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun-248 005, India

Long-term economic and environmental concerns have resulted in a great amount of research in the past couple of decades on renewable sources of liquid fuels to replace fossil fuels. Biomass is the only renewable source of organic carbon, which is required for the production of liquid fuels, petrochemical feedstock and chemicals. Among the various thermo-chemical methods of conversion, pyrolysis seems to have the highest potential for commercialisation. It is a flexible process as the operating parameters can be tuned for the desired combination of bio-oil, bio-char and non-condensable gases. There are several types of pyrolysis depending on the heating rate, environment used, reactor, residence time etc. Fast and slow pyrolysis bio-oil can be used as a substitute for heating oil and also be upgraded to fuels. Biomass being a natural polymer, pyrolysis can be used to selectively cleave the bonds to produce high value chemicals which are now produced from crude oil after several steps of functionalisation. The integrated hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion of lignocellulosic biomass can provide directly usable transportation fuels/ petrochemical feedstocks in a self-sustainable manner. Pyrolysis, can hence be carried out in decentralised or centralised units depending upon the quality and quantity of biomass available end user requirement. In addition, the highly functional biomass can be exploited for the production of high value compounds for diverse applications. The presentation would provide the fundamental and case studies for valorization of lignocellulosic and aquatic biomass for fuels and chemicals along with the case studies for selected waste streams of lignocellulosic biomass and industrial wastes.

IL 15

Phosphorus recovery from mixed microbial culture: production and extraction through green methods

Giorgio Mannina1,2, Dario Lo Presti1, Gabriela Montiel-Jarillo3 and María Eugenia Suárez Ojeda3 1Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, Palermo (IT), Italy; 2Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; 3GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Ed. Q- Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

Large scale polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production is limited by high production costs compared to that of petroleum-based plastics. Two key factors can be pin down to reduce costs: i) the use of mixed microbial cultures (MMC) instead of pure cultures and ii) the application of cheap and environmental friendly recovery technologies. In this work, the MMC biomass with PHA-accumulating capacity was selected in a sequencing batch reactor fed with a synthetic effluent emulating a fermented oil mill wastewater. The biomass was harvested and transferred to an accumulation reactor, where PHA contents up to 54% of the dry cell weight were obtained, using a mixture of acetic and propionic acids. A copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3- hydroxyvalerate with 47% (wt) 3-hydroxyvalerate was obtained.

The polymer extraction was done in aqueous phase using chemicals that destroy the non-PHA cellular material releasing the polymer’s granules. The effectiveness of the switchable anionic surfactant NH4-Laurate was investigated and compared with that of sodium dodecyl sulphate and NH4OH by testing them on lyophilized biomass, with and without a NaClO pre-treatment. Further, a purification post-treatment was performed on some of the samples as well.

When operating the extraction at 90°C for 3h with a ratio surfactant to biomass of 200:100 w/w, gas chromatography analysis showed that all the tested extraction agents allow obtaining PHA with an excellent purity (≈100%) after a pre-treatment with NaClO at 100°C for 1 h. The highest recovery yield (73 %) was obtained when using NH4-Laurate for which operating conditions of the extraction process such as temperature, concentration and contact time have been optimized. When the extracted polymer was washed with a 0.1 N NH4OH solution and ethanol, purity was improved, but lower recovery yields were obtained. To determine the effect of extraction process on the PHA purity, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy was used. IL 16

Thermal processing of oil palm biomass and chemical and biological properties of its pyroligneous acid

20

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Khoirun Nisa Mahmud1, Suzami Junaidah Ariffin1, Zainab Rabiu1,2, Maizatulakmal Yahayu1 and Zainul Akmar Zakaria1,3* 1Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; 2Department of Biochemistry, Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria; 3School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Email: [email protected]

Processing of oil palm fruit into valuable commodities resulted in the generation of large volumes of solid biomass which contributes to various environmental problems. Current practice of leaving the biomass at the plantation area to putrefy, does not contribute to the economy of the nation even though huge potential of high- value biocompounds are present in these biomass. From the available processes biomass management, pyrolysis offers excellent solution due to quick process and production of useful by-products which can be utilized further such as pyroligneous acid (PA). Nevertheless, very few studies were reported regarding process optimization of total phenolic contents in PA from oil palm biomass (palm kernel sell) using statistical approach. Optimized PA was characterized for its chemical characteristics and bio-activities. Results obtained illustrate the potential application of PA as natural source for antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds.

IL 17

Simultaneous wastewater treatment and high-value algal biomass production using Chlorella sorokiniana AK-1

Chun-Yen Chena, En-Wei Kuob and Jo-Shu Changb,c,d* aUniversity Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; b Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University,Tainan 701, Taiwan; c Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University,Tainan 701, Taiwan; d Research Center for Circular Economy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan

Swine wastewater rich in nitrogen and phosphorus is particularly suitable for the growth of microalgae. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of growing microalgae with swine wastewater for simultaneous microalgal biomass production and wastewater treatment. The resulting microalgal biomass contains suitable nutritional composition for the use as livestock feed supplement. An isolated microalga Chlorella sorokiniana AK-1 was found to grow well on non-sterilized 50% piggery wastewater using sponge as solid carrier for cell immobilization. After 15 days of cultivation, the maximum biomass concentration was 8.08±0.39 g/L, the maximum protein productivity was 275.7±24.8 mg/L/d and the maximum lutein productivity was 3.00±0.84 mg/g. For wastewater treatment, the removal efficiency of COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphate were 92.42±0.43%, 94.06±1.14% and 99.50±0.04%, respectively. Furthermore, it is feasible for the sponges to be reused in “full replacement” semi-continuous operation for piggery wastewater treatment. The reused sponges showed the outstanding ability and stability on biomass production and wastewater treatment efficiency. This innovative method has revealed remarkable performance on piggery wastewater treatment with Chlorella sorokiniana AK-1. The harvested algal biomass is highly potential feedstock for animal feed due to its high protein and lutein content.

IL 18

Process development for the production of fructo-oligosaccharides

C Nobre, I Rodrigues and JA Teixeira CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal

Growing consumer awareness on high nutritional value ingredients and their impact in health has been raising the interest in functional food including prebiotics. Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are prebiotic sugars that have been industrially produced via fermentation, by several microorganism enzymes, in two-step bioprocess. Due to enzyme activity inhibition by the high amount of glucose released during fermentation, the maximum theoretical yield obtained ranges between 55 to 60% of sucrose converted into FOS, with less than 60% of pure FOS [1]. To obtain high-content FOS we explored the use of a co-culture of Aspergillus ibericus MUM 0.349 as FOS producer strain, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae YIL162W (a yeast with the gene responsible for sucrose hydrolysis disrupted) as small saccharides removal. The whole-cell microorganisms were used in a one-step bioprocess.

21

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Fermentations conducted in shaken-flasks using a single-culture of A. ibericus yielded 65 ± 5% of FOS with a purity of 60.4 ± 0.4% (w/w). Co-culture fermentations in shaken-flask, with simultaneously inoculation of the strains, run under 30 ºC, initial pH 6.0 and 17 g.L–1 yeast extract led to FOS mixtures with 97.4 ± 0.2 % (w/w) purity. The scale-up fermentations yielded 64 ± 2% of FOS, after 141 h, with a FOS content of 118 ± 5 g.L-1 and a purity of 93.0 ± 0.5% (w/w). The same fermentations conducted with an aeration rate of 0.8 vvm, yielded 0.70 ± 0.00 gFOS.ginitial GF–1 at 45 h fermentation, with a FOS content of 133.7 ± 0.1 g.L-1. A purity of FOS up to 93.8 ± 0.7 % (w/w) was achieved. The one-step fermentation using the specific co-culture studied showed to be more efficient, economical and fast than the conventional two-step bioprocesses, thus avoiding the need of the conventional downstream treatments.

Keywords: Fructo-oligosaccharides; co-culture; integrated process; Aspergillus ibericus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one-step fermentation

Acknowledgement- This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469 unit, COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER- 006684), BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) and the project ColOsH (POCI-01-0145- FEDER-030071) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte.

References [1] Nobre, C. et al. (2015) Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,55(10):1444-1455.

IL 19

IL 20

Technical Challenges in the development of biomass hydrolyzing enzymes

Rajeev K Sukumaran*, Kiran Kumar M, Anil Mathew, Amith Abraham, Meena Sankar, Prajeesh KV, Meera Christopher and Athira Raj SR Biofuels and Biorefineries Section, Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram-695 019, India

Lignocellulosic biomass is arguably the world’s most abundant renewable feedstock for energy production, especially for liquid energy carriers in transportation fuel applications like bioethanol. The process of breaking down the polysaccharides in plant biomass to their component sugars, called saccharification is preferably accomplished through the biochemical/enzymatic route since it produces no inhibitory byproducts and is environmentally benign. While the enzymatic process is green and probably the most efficient among the available technologies, it has long since been realized that the cost of cellulases is a major hurdle in commercialization of the biomass conversion process. Years of R&D have resulted in significant reductions in enzyme cost with over 10 fold reductions being attained in the past decade. However, lignocellulosic ethanol as a retail commodity in market still remains elusive. Even in the cases of successful technical operations, the final cost of lignocellulosic ethanol may be assumed as higher in comparison to 1G ethanol or to gasoline, at least for now. Several studies have demonstrated the contribution of enzyme cost to the cost of 2G ethanol, and that the cost of enzymes are much higher than what is assumed in literature. One of the major limitations in commercialization of 2G ethanol can thus be assumed to be the cost of enzyme production.

Biomass hydrolyzing enzymes for biorefineries are currently being produced primarily from a limited number of organisms of which the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei assumes primary role, since almost 80 % of the current installed capacity of cellulosic ethanol is produced using enzymes sourced from this fungus. Other major organisms employed for generating enzymes for lignocellulosic ethanol production are also filamentous fungi mostly belonging to the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus with rare exceptions. The enzyme preparations from these fungi are often used in their crude form that resembles the natural arsenal of these organisms to attack lignocellulose. Cellulolytic machinery of all the efficient natural biomass degrading fungi often contain hemicellulases, ligninolytic enzymes and a myriad of other accessory enzymes and proteins in addition to cellulases. There has also been significant body of information generated in the recent reports that describes new activities like the lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), non catalytic proteins that aid hydrolysis etc. Consequently, there has been a radical difference in the understanding of how lignocellulose is being

22

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

hydrolyzed and this has probably reflected in the current iterations of the commercial biomass hydrolyzing enzymes. Needless to say, the ongoing endeavors to improve biomass hydrolyzing enzymes and to bring down its cost would be affected by the increasing knowledge being generated in this area. Nevertheless, the production and optimization of enzyme preparations have been and still, remains as one of the key determinants of the cost of lignocellulosic (LC) ethanol. Apart from maximizing production using current strains and through process optimizations, improvements can be made through genetic modifications of the organisms used for commercial production of cellulases, so that enhanced synthesis of the cellulolytic enzymes, their secretion and deregulation from the natural repression mechanisms active in the organisms can be achieved. This talk will cover the basics on enzymes used for biomass hydrolysis, current challenges and the efforts to improve economics of biomass hydrolyzing enzymes in the context of biorefineries.

IL 21

Characterization of a halotolerant Dunaliella salina isolated from hypersaline Sambhar Lake: its mass cultivation and harvesting strategies

Ravi K. Asthana R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India

Dunaliella is a wall-less, unicellular halotolerant microalga having the unique ability to survive in harsh environments such as high salinity, high irradiance, low temperature, and under macro and micronutrient limitations. However, the adaptability of the cells in extreme conditions is attributed to dynamic morphological and biochemical changes coupled with generation of reactive oxygen species by photosynthetic and respiratory systems. Microalgal cultivation and biochemical composition have been shown to be highly affected by environmental factors. The basic understandings of microalgal cultivation will play a crucial role in the technical improvement of algal derived biofuel. Microalgae seems to be the most promising feedstock for third- generation biofuel, owing to their high lipid accumulation rate, most productive photosynthetic efficiency with net negative greenhouse gas production. In addition, microalgal cultivation does not compete with agricultural farming as it utilizes non-arable land, brackish or saline waters, natural light and minimal minerals for photosynthesis and growth. The sustainable exploitation of microalgal potential as feedstock for biofuels and nutraceuticals would demand a substantial increment in biomass productivity and product specific strain improvement

Isolated strain grew optimally at 0.5M NaCl and 16:8h L:D photoperiod along with maintaining low level of intracellular Na+ even at higher salinity, emphasizing special features of its cell membranes. It was observed that the cells experienced stress beyond 2M NaCl as evidenced by increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidative enzymes, nevertheless proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content declined sharply accompanied by higher neutral lipid accumulation. Salinity exceeding 2M resulted decrease in photosynthetic quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and enhanced glycerol synthesis accompanied by leakage. Super oxide dismutase (SOD) seemed to play a pivotal role in antioxidative defense as eight isoforms were expressed differentially while catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) showing no significant change in their expression at higher salinity. The ability of D. salina to grow in range of salinities by sustaining healthy photosynthetic apparatus along with accumulation of valuable products made this alga an ideal organism that can be exploited as resource for biofuel and commercial product.

Mass cultivation of Dunaliella salina was standardised in a flat plate photobioreactor followed by a vertical flat plate photobioreactor. Maximum biomass productivity (14.95±0.43 mgL-1d-1 dry cell weight) was achieved in -2 -1 -1 the latter at inoculum concentration of OD680nm = 0.1, 100 µmolm s light illumination and 1.0 L min aeration. Semicontinuous mode of culturing with varying KNO3 and NaHCO3 concentrations resulted highest biomass -1 -1 productivity (17.85±0.55 mgL d ) at 0.50mM NaHCO3 and 15mM KNO3. However, maximum lipid (16.36±1.18% dry cell weight) was achieved at 0.75mM NaHCO3 and 10mM KNO3. Flocculation studies employing potash alum, FeCl3.6H2O or pH resulted harvesting efficiencies exceeding 90% were obtained in 0.75mM potash alum or FeCl3.6H2O or pH 11, but they yielded low concentration factor (< 5) and were detrimental to the cells (Fv/Fm< 0.50). A combination of 0.50mM FeCl3.6H2O and pH 9 was found as most suitable flocculating strategy with maximum concentration factor (>14) and least damaging (Fv/Fm >0.54). Metabolic engineering of such systems may add more productive results in future.

IL 22

23

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Synthetic biology platforms for monoterpene production

Nigel S. Scrutton Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Terpene cyclases/synthases (TC/S) catalyze some of the most complex reactions in biology. They are one of the largest and most diverse classes of natural compounds with applications as pharmaceuticals, flavourings and fragrances, pesticides and biofuels. Synthetic biology is ideally placed to create new routes to this chemical diversity and facilitation of new compound discovery. The C10 monoterpenoids display a huge structural diversity produced from a single substrate, geranyl diphosphate, by a family of monoterpene cyclases and synthases (mTC/S). We have employed a library of mTC/S in a single ‘plug and play’ platform system for the production monoterpenoids in Escherichia coli by fermentation on glucose.1 These products include several compounds never before produced in engineered microbes. Using this scalable ‘plug-and-play’ production platform we produced over 30 different linear, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenoid scaffolds. We have also determined structures for the recently discovered Streptomyces clavuligerus monoterpene synthases linalool synthase (bLinS) and 1,8-cineole synthase (bCinS) and show that these are active biocatalysts for monoterpene production using biocatalysis and our metabolic engineering platforms.2 In metabolically engineered monoterpene-producing E. coli strains use of bLinS leads to 300-fold higher linalool production compared with the corresponding plant monoterpene synthase. Comparison of the bLinS and bCinS structures indicates how their active sites steer reactive carbocation intermediates to the desired acyclic linalool (bLinS) or bicyclic 1,8- cineole (bCinS) products. Structures for these mTC/S should now guide exploitation of the bacterial enzymes as gateway biocatalysts for the production of other monoterpenes and monoterpenoids using synthetic biology platforms.

References 1. N.G.H Leferink et al (2018) Chemistry Select, 1, 1893-1896 2. V. Karuppiah et al (2018) ACS Catalysis, In Press, DOI: 10.1021/acscatal. 7b01924

IL 23

Biotechnological interventions for carbon dioxide capture and transformation

Manoj Kumar*, Sandipam Srikanth, S K Puri and S S V Ramakumar Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), R&D Centre, Sector 13, Faridabad 121007, Haryana, India

Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), chloroflourocarbons, methane, and nitrous oxide have been increasing considerably due to anthropogenic activities. Carbon dioxide, being abundant, is considered as main contributor to the rise in global temperatures. Extensive efforts are being made across the globe to capture and transform CO2 from industrial sources to avoid its release into the atmosphere. The commonly used approaches for CO2 capture and transformation include absorption (physical and chemical), membranes (gas permeation and membrane contactors), adsorption (pressure swing or temperature swing) and biological methods (micro algae sequestration). Alternatively, CO2 can also be transformed into value-added products mainly by chemical transformations, photochemical, chemical and electrochemical reductions, biological conversions, reforming, and inorganic transformations. All the existing CO2 mitigation and conversion techniques require extremely large surface and volumes, energy intense processing steps and/or chemicals and expensive catalysts. Reaction thermodynamics of CO2 capture as well as transformation are energy intensive due to the high stability of CO2 and also in practice, the reduction of CO2 generates secondary waste. On the contrary, the energy required for activating the CO2 molecule and its transformation to multi-carbon product is significantly less in biological (microbial/enzymatic) routes. Recently, biocatalysis have emerged in chemical industry due to their outstanding ability to increase of reaction rates, reaction specificity and mild operation conditions.

In this context, the present paper discusses about the existing methods of CO2 capture and utilization at industrial scale along with their challenges. Also, the paper presents the recent biotechnological inventions in this stream and their potential at industrial scale. Improved, CO2 absorption using carbonic anhydrases (CA) based amine solvent, biomimtic complexes for CO2 capture, microbial electrosynthesis for CO2 conversion to value-added chemicals, etc., will be discussed presenting their working principles, advantages over existing methods and challenges of upscaling.

24

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Key words: Carbon dioxide capture; Carbonic anhydrase; Monoethanolamine; Microbial electrosynthesis (MES); bioelectrochemical system (BES); CO2 sequestration; Electrotrophs

IL 24

Novel bioplastics from microbial monoterpenoid feedstocks

Hanan L. Messiha, Gabriel A. Avalos, Helen S. Toogood and Nigel S. Scrutton Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Dwindling fossil fuel supplies compounds the environmental concerns over the accumulation of petroleum- based non-recyclable plastic waste. This led to the development of a variety of biodegradable polymers, including polydihydrocarvide (PDC) and other cyclic ester (lactone)-based polymers.1 Sustainability of biopolymer production can be achieved by obtaining monomers from natural sources and/or synthetic biology approaches to microbial-derived compounds. Our aim was to develop a semisynthetic approach to biopolymer production, employing biocatalytically sourced monomers and mild ring opening polymerisation (ROP) catalysts to access existing and novel bio-polymers. This would be performed by in vitro biotransformations of naturally sourced monoterpenoids by Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMO), and a synthetic biology approach for complete in vivo biosynthesis of (+)-dihydrocarvide (DHC) from glucose in E. coli. We screened a variety of native and engineered homologues to obtain the required lactone from (-)-menthone and (2R,5R)-(+)- dihydrocarvone at preparative scales. Subsequent ROP reactions generated polymers with the expected properties. Complete microbial DHC production was achieved by co-expression of the precursor limonene2 and lactone pathways in E. coli on a small scale.3 Overall, we achieved both novel bio-polymer development, and complete biological monomer production from cost effective and renewable carbon sources.

References 1. H.L. Messiha et al (2018) Biochemistry 57:1997-2008 2. J. Alonso-Gutierrez et al (2013) Nat. Commun. 140:4302-4316 3. G.A. Avalos, et al (2018) Submitted to ChemBioChem.

IL 01

Designer ecosystems: Developing new cropping systems for increasing agricultural income and ecological restoration of marginal lands

Rana Pratap Singh Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow – 226 025, India

Many ecosystems are changing their configurations due to a variety of local and global factors including environmental degradations dominance of new invasive species and climate change. It indicates that the new and novel ecosystems can be designed and developed by human input for different defined purposes. Energy insecurity and nutritious and safe food systems for burgeoning human population, conservation of biodiversity, man-animal conflict and carbon sequestration are the major bottlenecks in rapid development of most of the developing countries departing from a dominant agrarian economy to knowledge based and product based industrial economies. The world has agreed for more participatory commitments for the low-emissions and climate-resilient developmental pathways and renewable energy, agroecology restoration and green technologies are going to be major agenda of the future world order. It will require development of novel ecosystems that differs in composition and function from that existing ecosystems.

The endemic deep rooted grass species and xerophytic shrubs and trees can be selected from the local agro- climatic regions to replant on the dry wastelands. Similarly wetlands need other type of plants to enhance its productivity and carbon sequestration capabilities. The newly designed ecosystems will require initial support for nutrient application, water availability and grazing protection to get established initially. The ecological competitions and successions will occur with time and new relations will get established between the novel surviving rhizospheric microbes and plant communities. It will create new ecosystems on unused lands and degraded lands with enormous carbon sequestration potential, new biodiversity assemblies and multiple ecosystem and economic services new to the environment and the people. These ecosystems may be different than the native ecosystems due to new species and assemblies and hence they are known as designed ecosystems rather than the habitat restoration on a degraded piece of land or water. The purpose and structure of a designer ecosystem may be different and more meaningful than a ecosystem restoration project as such newly assembled

25

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

novel ecosystems may be able to accommodate assemblies, communities and populations of more useful plant, animal and microbial species planned on the basis of the emerging needs of the environment, the societies and economy of the region.

We are developing the new combinations of aromatic, medicinal, agricultural and horticultural plants for establishing novel ecosystems on degraded lands and riparian barren lands.

Keywords: Biodiversity, designed ecosystems, ecological designs ecosystem services, marginal lands, ecosystem restoration, ecological sustainability.

IL 26

Metal-containing alumina catalysed glucose isomerisation in methanol

S. Saravanamurugan Laboratory of Bioproduct Chemistry, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali-140 306, India

Glucose isomerisation to fructose is one of the important transformation reactions in biomass valorisation. Fructose is currently produced from glucose at the rate of 10 million tons per year via biocatalytic approach using glucose/xylose isomerase (GI, E.C. 5.3.1.5), being one of the largest catalytic processes. The major application of fructose is to produce high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as enhances the relative sweetness by more than two-fold compared to glucose. Fructose can also serve as potential bioplatform chemical to offer a wide spectrum of potential chemicals. This biocatalytic process to produce fructose from glucose using GI has significant drawbacks, such as high-cost of GI, periodic replacement of GI due to its deactivation, limited pH range and inhibiting the activity of GI in the presence of Ca2+ ions. On the other hand, solid catalysts, such as zeolite and zeotype materials, found to be active for glucose isomerisation both in water and alcohol have emerged as alternative to biocatalysts as they have advantageous in terms of thermal stability, long-term activity and resistance towards other metals. However, generally, the synthesis time for having highly crystalline zeolite is quite long (typically more than a week time) and zeolites are expensive today. With regard to this, we set out to explore inexpensive metal-containing alumina-based catalysts for the interconversion of glucose to fructose in alcohol at 110 C, achieving above 30% of fructose along with 11% mannose. The synthesised material were characterised with various techniques SEM, XRD, IR and UV-Vis and observed that pretreatment of alumina was quite important for facilitating the metal incorporation for enhancing the yield of fructose compared to parent and treated alumina. The synthesis and activity of the materials will be shown in detail during the presentation.

IL 27

Bacterial degradation of chlorpyrifos

Suresh K. Dubey Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221 005, India

Chlorpyrifos is one of the most frequently used chlorinated organophosphatic pesticides. It is a broad spectrum and moderately toxic pesticide with half-life of 10–120 days in the environment. It is used for the control of major insects and pests affecting a wide range of crops of cereals, cotton and vegetables etc. Its domestic use includes indoor spraying for combating mosquitoes, flies, and other household pests. Efficacy of soil bacterial communities for biodegradation of chlorpyrifos and TCP had been investigated. Degradation of chlorpyrifos and TCP was studied in the concentration range 25 to 200 mg/ L, and 25 to 100 mg/ L respectively, and the kinetic constants were also determined. The values of Ks varied from 97 to 113.6 mg/ L for isolates 1 to 4, and from 121 to 126.1 mg/ L for isolates 5, 6 and 7. The Vmax (mg/ L/d) ranged from 9.3 to 12.1 for isolates 1 to 4 and 7.6 to 8 for isolates 5 and 6, and for the isolate 7 it was 7.4. Results indicated the high affinity of bacterial community for degradation of chlorpyrifos. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed the genetic relatedness of isolates 1 to 4 with Pseudomonas, isolates 5 and 6 with Agrobacterium, and isolate 7 with Bacillus. Degradation potential of chlorpyrifos was found to be in the order: Pseudomonas > Agrobacterium > Bacillus.

IL 28

26

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Bioavailability of As, Cd and Pb in soils and foods: implication for human health

Lena Qiying Ma Environmental Biogeochemistry, Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0290, USA

Reliable assessment of human health risks from exposure to arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soils and foods depends on their bioavailability, i.e., the proportion that is absorbed into the systemic circulation. In vivo animal assays (i.e., swine and mouse) to estimate metal relative bioavailability (RBA; relative to the adsorption of sodium arsenate, cadmium chloride, and lead acetate) are time-consuming and costly. As a result, in vitro assays to measure metal bioaccessibility, i.e., the amount of As, Cd, and Pb dissolved in simulated gastrointestinal fluid, has been developed. However, they need be correlated to in vivo animal data before they can be used to estimate As/Cd/Pb bioavailability. In this study, we developed in vivo methods to determine As, Cd, and Pb bioavailability in contaminated soils, and As and Cd bioavailability in rice based on a mouse model. The As-RBA, Cd-RBA and Pb-RBA was 6.4–73%, 37–84%, and 7.0–84% in contaminated soils and the As- RBA and Cd-RBA was 43–79% and 17–57% in rice. Based on the different relative bioavailability of As, Cd, and Pb in contaminated soils and rice, it is important to determine metal bioavailability to more accurately access their risks to human health.

IL 29

Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L., Diptera: Stratiomyidae) on manure composting under optimized condition

Mukesh Kumar Awasthi and Zengqiang Zhang* College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China

The Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L., Diptera: Stratiomyidae), an insect whose larvae thrive on organic decaying material, was used to compost by-products obtaining an innovative compost called Black Soldier Fly Compost (BSFC). The chemical and microbiological analysis showed the suitability of BSFC for mature manure-derived compost production. Hence, three different kind of manure (chicken manure, pig manure and cow manure) media mixed with 10% BSFC were compared with without BSFC added treatment. All investigated showed rapid mineralization of organic matter, with values significantly greater or comparable to those obtained under without BSFC applied treatments. In general, BSFC used in a proportion up to 10% increased the changes in carbon, nitrogen, moisture content, loss on ignition, respiration activity, as well as changes in the microbiocenotic composition of microorganisms colonizing processed waste in the thermophilic phase (first 7 days of the process) and in the obtained compost were evaluated. Compost produced from manure with the addition of BSFC was also evaluated in terms of heavy metal (HM) content and its agricultural suitability (the phytotoxicity test). It was found that 10% BSFC (compared to the un-supplemented sample) affected the reduction of the content of selected heavy metals (HM), and thus also the reduction of toxicity of compost. In addition, the BSFC amendment reduced the antibiotic resistant and pathogenic bacteria abundance in compost. The obtained compost with the addition of BSFC had higher water content and lower waste density. However, the abundance and composition of the population of microorganisms inhabiting the compost were very diverse and changed over time. Furthermore, it is particularly noteworthy that the abundance of potentially pathogenic microorganisms clearly decreased during the composting process of each manure with the addition of BSFC.

Keywords: Compost, Hermetia illucens, phytotoxicity tests, antibiotic resistant bacteria; pathogenic bacteria

IL 30

Potential of traditional African pulses in food product development and starch based bioplastic film production

Suren Singh, Samson Oyeyinka, Agnes Mukurumbira, John Mellem and Eric Amonsou Department of Biotechnology & Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban South Africa

Traditional African pulses and tubers can play a significant role in agriculture and contribute to sustainable farming and environment. Pulse crops are climate smarts with a low carbon food print. Traditional African

27

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

pulses grains such as Bambara groundnuts and tubers such as amadumbe (known as Taro) experience low level of utilisation due to limited value - added research. We have explored the potential of Bambara grain protein and starch in the development of high value functional ingredients and biodegradable films. Bambara and amadumbe starches were modified via chemical and physical methods, respectively and their potential in bioplastic films preparation were evaluated. Due to its high protein content, Bambara was used in combination with cereal flour for the production of cookies, spread and breakfast cereals. These products have shown great potential for scale - up and commercialisation. Furthermore, Bambara and amadumbe starches were extracted and characterised by various approaches including XRD, DSC and confocal microscopy, FEG-SEM. Bambara starch was also modified with lipids of varying chain length and degree of saturation. The formation of V- amylose crystalline materials was confirmed by XRD with peaks at 2θ= 7.4o, 12.9 o and 19.9 o . The influence of amadumbe starch nanocrystals (SNCs) on the mechanical properties of biocomposite films prepared using two starch matrices, amadumbe and potato starches were investigated. Amadumbe Starch Nanocrystal (SNCs) exhibited square-like platelets morphology, typical of SNC derived from A-type starches. Our Data suggest that amadumbe SNCs can potentially be used as fillers to improve the properties of biodegradable starch films. Complexation of Bambara starch with fatty acids also produced biofilm with enhance properties. Traditional African crops have potential as alternative to conventional crops for both food and industrial applications.

IL 31

Natural compounds as biological control agents against pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant bacteria in animal and biotechnological wastes

Robin C. Anderson and David J. Nisbet United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas, USA

Intensive agricultural and biotechnological industries create challenges for management and disposal of downstream wastes. Human and livestock wastes, for instance, must first be treated or managed to reduce their carriage of pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant microbes. Various chemical and organic biocontrol technologies, such as those utilizing functionally bioactive plant secondary compounds, are available although the latter are generally more acceptable to the consuming public as many of these natural compounds are generally recognized as safe. It is also recognized that the development of new technologies must be a continuous process to more effectively combat bacteria acquiring resistance against current biocontrol strategies. This requires learning how to optimize the mechanistic activities of the compounds and how to identify and overcome conditions limiting their activities. For instance, essential oils extracted from a variety of plants show significant broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens under laboratory conditions, supposedly by disrupting cell wall integrity. Under real world conditions, however, these compounds show modest, if any, antimicrobial activity which is likely due to their high lipophilicity resulting in sequestration to lipidic microenvironments. Conjugation of the essential oils to saccharides can decrease their lipophilicity whereby they can be hydrolyzed by bacterial glycosidases within close proximity to targeted bacterial populations. In some cases, combinations of compounds conferring different activities can be complimentary. For instance, the value of composted poultry litter for use as high quality crude protein supplements for ruminants or as high quality nitrogen fertilizer can be enhanced by amending the compost with mixtures of hydrolysable and condensed tannins thereby optimizing pathogen control while concurrently preventing volatilization or leaching of ammonia. Hop extracts rich in lupulones inhibit certain Gram-positive bacteria by perforating bacterial cells much like ionophores and naturally occurring nitroalkanes like 3-nitro-1- propionate, as well as xenobiotic derivatives, inhibit hydrogen exchange reactions in anaerobic systems thus have potential to be included as synergistic amendments to a variety of agricultural and biotechnological processes. Results from laboratory studies have shown good efficacy, often yielding log-fold reductions in numbers of pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant bacteria, but larger scale studies in the field are clearly needed. Moreover, collaborative research among academic and industry research groups will facilitate harnessing the bioactive potential of these and other as yet unstudied bioactive compounds.

IL 32

Natural Attenuation as a Treatment Option for Domestic Wastewater

Atya Kapley

28

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur- 440 020, India

It is estimated that India generates about 38,254 million litres of sewage per day, of which only 30% is treated. The rest is discharged into drains or nallahs which eventually reach a water source that could be a river or a lake. These wastewaters not only carry pathogens that increase health risks but also nutrients that cause eutrophication and are a hotspot for spread on the antibiotic resistant genes via horizontal gene transfer. Remediation of such wastewater is therefore a priority. Natural attenuation is the ecosystems inherent treatment option where plants and bacteria act as pollutant removers. Unfortunately, the load entering into any target niche is way beyond the threshold capacity of a native ecosystem. Hence, we have tweaked the system using a combination of physical processes with biological methods to define a treatment system that can cause about 80% removal of COD and BOD from test samples. Microbial community analysis clearly differentiate the community as per treatment processes showing increase of biodegradation potential via metagenomics analysis.

IL 33

Microbial community and Antibiotic resistant genes succession in chicken manure compost amended with clay

Mukesh Kumar Awasthi and Zengqiang Zhang College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China

Clay has positive influence on organic matter degradation and nitrogen conservation during chicken manure(CM)composting, but its effect on antibiotic resistant bacterial (ARBs) diversity are unclear. Thus, the impact of clay amendment [0%(T1),2%(T2),4%(T3),6% (T4),8%(T5) and 10%(T6)] on the environmental risk of antibiotics and heavy metals resistant bacteria abundance during CM composting was investigated. The results showed that 4% clay increased the relative abundances(RAs)of ARBs while 8 and 10% clay addition were significantly reduced the total RAs of ARBs in the compost, where the RA of ARBs was 0.46 log lower than the control. Clay mainly affect the distribution of ARBs by influencing the RAs of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phylum, respectively. The maximum dosage of clay amendment had more persistent impact on the ARBs community; however, bacterial RA could be classified according to the composting time under diverse treatments. In the present study, the abundance of the ARBs radiated to have a considerable impact on the alteration of physicochemical parameters during composting than the existence of antibiotics. Furthermore, the correlations between physicochemical parameters(temperature, C/N ratio, and gaseous emission)and ARBs were more significant than those between pH and germination index. Keywords: Clay; bacterial community; chicken manure; relative abundances; composting.

IL 34

Biochemical, molecular and bioinformatics insight into pectinases: An update

Sangeeta Yadav1, Gautam Anand1, 2, Amit Kumar Dubey1, Aiman Tanveer1, Manish Kumar1 Pramod Kumar Yadav1,4 and Dinesh Yadav1 1Department of Biotechnology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur (U.P.) 273 009 INDIA; 2Dept of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, ISRAEL; 4Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, 48109-0606, MI, USA; E-mail:[email protected]

Pectinases are considered to be an important group of enzymes used in food industries. It includes members namely pectin lyases, polygalacturonases, pectate lyases and pectin methyl esterases. Efforts are being made to screen potential microbial sources of these enzymes and several pectinases have been purified, characterized and its application especially in fruit juice clarification has been elucidated. In our lab production, purification and characterization of pectin lyases from fungal strains namely Aspergillus flavus, A. ficuum, A. terricola, A. aculeatus, Penicillium citrinum, Oidiodendron echinulaturm, Fusarium decemcellulare, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium lateritum has been reported. Similarly polygalacturonases from fungal strains viz. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus and Rhizopus oryzae were also characterized. Further, the application of these purified PNL and PGs for fruit juice clarification and retting of natural fibers was studied. The in-silico analysis of pectin lyases, pectate lyases, polygalacturonases protein sequences for homology search, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree and motif assessment has also been reported from our lab. Genome-wide

29

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

identification and extensive in-silico characterization of pectate lyases and pectin lyases from sequenced fungal and plant genomes have also been reported. More than 45 pectinases genes from different fungal strains have been PCR amplified, cloned and sequenced. Recently using metagenomic approach search for novel microbial sources for pectin lyases has been attempted. Presently we are targeting Fusarium genera for production, biochemical characterization of pectinases and also attempting for genome-wide identification and in-silico structural and functional elucidation of PNL gene families from sequenced genomes of Fusarium species.

Key words: Pectinases, Pectin lyases, Polygalacturonases, Pectate Lyases, Fungal strains, Fruit juice clarification, In-silico, Retting

IL 35

An insight into valorization of spent coffee grounds (SCG) to biofuels and chemicals

Gopalakrishnan Kumar Department of Chemistry, BioScience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Norway

The EU’s Renewable Energy Directive targets 30% of total energy supply to be obtained from renewables by 2023. To achieve this goal, extensive research is needed to assess the potential of biofuels. Consequently, waste can play a key role in this regard not only to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate the emissions but also to help assist proper waste management disposal system in any country. This talk aims to valorize and shadow the light into various waste resources such as “Spent Coffee Grounds” (SCG). SCG can be used as fuel due to its high calorific compared to other biomass residues. SCG has high nitrogen content which can be decomposed through vermicomposting. The extracted oil from SCG can be processed to biodiesel while glycerin (by product) can be converted to butanol or hydrogen as alternative fuels. Moreover, the oil is also an excellent raw material for both textile and bio plastic industries. The remaining waste after oil extraction can be used to produce bioethanol, biogas, fertilizer and fuel pellets. Anaerobic co-digestion has been already proposed in literature to produce biogas from SCG due to its excellent properties as a substrate. Moreover, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities were recently report in SCG. SCG can be used to remove heavy metals, extraction of high- value compounds and feedstock for activated carbon production. SCG is also considered an inexpensive adsorbent for the removal of cationic dyes in wastewater treatments indicated that cellulose can be used for the pulp and paper production. The outcome of this review reveals that SCG is an excellent raw material for a variety of industry options and, therefore protects the environment from hazardous emissions, reduces the consumption of raw materials, saves the landfill and promotes the recycling of waste into high quality and cheap products.

Keywords: Spent Coffee Grounds, Waste management, biofuels, Biochemicals, recylcing

IL 36

Green nanotechnology: Applications and toxicity issues

Rijuta Ganesh Saratale Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, South Korea

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing scientific field and has attracted a great interest over the last few years because of its abundant applications. Green nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that has emerged as a rapidly developing research area, serving as an important technique that emphasize on making the procedure clean, non-hazardous, and especially environmentally friendly, in contrast with chemical and physical methods currently employed for nanosynthesis. Differences in the bio-reducing agents employed for nanosynthesis can lead to the production of nanoparticles (NPs) having distinct shapes, sizes, and bioactivity. The exquitiveness of the green fabricated NPs have capacitated their potential applications in various sectors such as biomedicine, pharmacology, food science, agriculture, and environmental engineering. This presentation gives insights on the current updates about wide-scale fabrication of NPs via green synthesis, their applications and toxicity issues.

IL 37

Liquid and gas biofuel production from food wastewater

30

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Jong Moon Park Department of Chemical engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, South Korea

The exponential growth in food waste, which is inevitable due to increase in world population, is imposing serious threats to our society like environmental pollution, health risk and scarcity of dumping land. However, bioavailable carbon and nutrient content in food waste also present an important opportunity for biofuel production. Currently, various kinds of approaches are investigated in food wastewater processing and management for societal benefits and applications. Biological wastewater treatment (BWWT) approach has appeared as one of the most ecofriendly and promising solutions for food wastes management and energy production, which can contribute to world’s ever-increasing energy requirements.

Here, we proposed a novel combined biological process which consists of aerobic digestion and anaerobic co- digestion for bio liquid and bio gas production efficiently. The aerobic digestion for biodiesel production is based on the oleaginous microorganisms, which either assimilate lipids from the food wastewater or synthesize them de novo from other carbon sources, and store them intracellularly as neutral lipid, triacylglycerols (TAGs). The most of liquid residue from aerobic digestion was separated by centrifugation and introduced into the anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of waste activated sludge (WAS) and food wastewater (FWW) to further increase COD removal efficiency and produce methane by methanogens which ferment organic acid or reduce carbon dioxide. Experimental results show that our promising BWWT approach increases not only bioenergy production yield but also increase removal of organic materials, especially for biodiesel and methane production.

IL 38

Microbial synthesis of poly--glutamic acid and its conversion to super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery applications

Anju Alphonsa Jose and Parameswaran Binod CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram-695 019, India

The therapeutic efficacy of the drug against cancer cells can be achieved by its delivery through nanocarrier system. Drug delivery by nanoparticles lowers the systemic toxicity of the drugs while improving their availability to the target site. Biocompatible polymer based materials can be used as a carrier system for the delivery of drug and other molecules to the target site. Poly--glutamic acid (PGA) is an anionic, naturally occurring, water soluble polyamide in which D and L-glutamate units are formed via γ-amide linkages. The presence of free α- carboxyl group at every glutamate unit makes it soluble in water and these free carboxyl groups provides the site for the incorporation of drug to the polymer matrix. In the present study, -PGA was synthesized through microbial fermentation techniques and this polymer was functionalized to make super- paramagnetic particles so that it could be used for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and a drug carrier. Here we report a dual nanocarrier system for cancer imaging and its therapy by employing PGA coated super- paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). In the current study we synthesized and characterized the doxorubicin (DOX: anticancer drug) loaded PGA-SPIONs for efficient drug delivery which could be further used for medical applications.

Key words: Poly--glutamic acid, Fermentation, Super-paramagnetic, Nanoparticles, Drug delivery.

IL 39

Perspectives for recovery of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants from wastewater along with production of biomaterials for biosafety and life-cycle assessment analysis

Indu Shekhar Thakur, Kristina Medhi and Ashmita Gupta School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110 067, India

Eutrophication is a natural process in water bodies by addition of phosphorus and nitrogen. Microorganisms play a significant role in treatment of nutrients and organic materials into by-products. Paracoccus. denitrificans - ISTOD1 showed removal of N & P by 60.5% NO3 N and 93% ortho-P within 72 h. Whole genome sequencing indicated genes required for heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (nar, nir, nor, and nos),

31

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

phosphorus assimilation (ppk and ppx) and exopolysaccharide production. Several transporters facilitate the removal of N, P, organic pollutants and heavy metal. The genome has genes for carbon metabolism, antibiotic biosynthesis and degradation of organic compounds. The detoxification tested by in vitro bioassays revealed an increase in cell viability by 40.16 % and a reduction in EROD activity by 58.4 % in 240 h bacterial treated sample. Genotoxicity indicated to reduce by 5 and 3 folds, respectively after 240 h bacterial treatment. The results of the study confirmed the potency of the bacterial strain in detoxification of wastewater contaminants. The biomaterials produced by bacterium was a heteropolysaccharide consisting of monomers- galactose, arabinose, fructose and xylose and was confirmed to be alginate form by NMR which corresponds to the gene cluster of alginate identified from the genome sequencing. LCA study was performed to understand the benefits of the biological nutrient removal during wastewater treatment process and demonstrated pushing for a higher level of treatment can improve the eutrophication potential by Paracoccus denitrificans ISTOD1 does not pose any environmental and health consequences thereby making it a “greener” sustainable process.

IL 40

Nanoarchitecture of silver nanoparticles for enhancing antimicrobial proficiency against MDR bacteria

Aradhana Mishra Division of Plant Microbe Interactions, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, India

In the era of nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles are leading towards obtaining the status of wonder drug, combating the problem of multiple drug resistance (MDR) acquired by several pathogenic microbes. Spherical, rectangular, penta, and hexagonal silver nanoparticles of different dimensions were biosynthesized in an eco- friendly manner by biocontrol agent, Trichoderma viride by manipulating physical parameters, pH, temperature, and reaction time. The particles were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy; Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR). Shape and size dependent antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles against human pathogens was observed. Maximum inhibition was found with spherical nanoparticles (2-5 nm) showing 40, 51, 43, 53.9 and 55.8% against Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively, where as pentagonal and hexagonal nanoparticles (50-100nm) demonstrated 32, 41, 31, 42.84 and 42.80% of inhibition as compared to control. Nanoparticles of different geometry and dimension established enhanced antagonistic activity against pathogens with all the tested antibiotics. Excellent antimicrobial efficacy was obtained with spherical nanoparticles of 2-5 nm with ampicillin and penicillin. Shape and size played major role in enhancing antimicrobial potential of silver nanoparticles, both singly and synergistically with antibiotics which can be exploited to combat the spread of multidrug resistant pathogens. Biogenic silver nanoarchitecture of size 10-20 nm coated with antimicrobial metabolites of T. viride was more potent than their chemical counterpart in killing of pathogenic bacteria.

32

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Abstracts of Short Oral Presentations

33

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

SO 01- BEHSD- 209

Modelling for high rate anaerobic treatment of industrial azadirachtin wastewater

P. Mullai and E. Sobiya Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

The integration of fuzzy systems and neural networks (NNs) can combine the merits of both the systems and offers a more powerful tool for modeling. In this study, a neural fuzzy system, adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was employed to develop an adaptive and robust generic model for complex anaerobic treatment of industrial azadirachtin wastewater in high rate hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (HUASB) reactor. The reactor was operated and experimented continuously for 115 days in three phases at mesophilic temperature (30 - 35˚C). In the ANFIS modeling, the parameters such as pH, influent COD, effluent COD and biogas production were taken as inputs and BOD values as output. Similarly, in the statistical multiple regression analysis, the variables namely influent COD, effluent COD, pH, and biogas production were used as independent parameters (X1, X2, X3 and X4) and the BOD as dependent parameters (Y). The average percentage error (APE) values of ANFIS modeling for phase-I, phase-II and phase-III were 2.18, 12.29, and 0.01%, respectively. The corresponding APE values for statistical modeling were 797.91, 659.94, and 1.81%. These values indicated that ANFIS modeling performed well in all the three phases compared to statistical modeling and provided more accurate results.

SO 02- BEHSD- 154

Synthesis of cellulose and lignin and their application in the bioethanol production and waste water treatment

Preetha Ganguly, Shubhalakshmi Sengupta, Papita Das*, Avijit Bhowal Department of Chemical engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

Isolation of the two abundant plant macromolecules, lignin and cellulose from peanut shell, which is an important agro waste, has been studied. The main advantage of lignocellulosic material is lying on its wide distribution; availability in large amount and its low cost make it extremely popular for study and development. Isolation of microcrystalline cellulose and lignin is carried in a single procedure due to its potential significance using alkaline treatment followed by bleaching. The filtrate obtained by the alkaline treatment contains the lignin which is recovered using 6M of sulphuric acid. Lignin that is recovered contains a number of functional groups such as hydroxyl, phenolic, aldehyde and carboxyl group which make it a potential adsorbent material in treating dye containing wastewater. In the second part of study cellulose that is obtained from the above process is used for bioethanol production. Concentration of cellulose was estimated by anthrone test and it is reported to be 28mg/ml. The cellulose extracted was then hydrolysed to its monomeric units by Aspergillus sp.. The total reducing sugar of the sample was estimated by DNS test and it is found to be 0.732mg/ml. After hydrolysis the sample was filtered and then inoculated with pre-selected yeast strain at 30°C for 72 hours. Sample was taken at regular intervals and supernatant were taken for estimation of ethanol.

Keywords: Peanut shell, lignocellulosic waste, microcrystalline cellulose, bioethanol, lignin.

SO 03 BEHSD- 221

34

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

An environmentally sustainable and eco-friendly process for remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in oil field formation water

Bhaskar Das and Suresh Deka Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India

Background - The maturation of oil fields due to high demand for petro-based resources has resulted in production of large volumes of formation water as a byproduct of oil production. The petroleum hydrocarbons present in formation water are carcinogenic and biodegradation could serve as an efficient and cost-effective technology for its remediation. Aim - The present study explores the application of algal species for remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in oil field formation water. Methods - Algal species present in oil field formation water was isolated and identified on basis of morphological and molecular identification (18S rRNA). The 18S rRNA gene sequence was deposited to NCBI GenBank, and an accession no. was obtained. The potential of the algal strain for remediation of hydrocarbons in formation water was evaluated by analyzing the residual TPH by GC-MS analysis. Results -The 18S rRNA based identification of the algal isolate indicated it to be Chlorella vulgaris based on BLAST analysis and named as Chlorella vulgaris BS1 (NCBI Accession No: MH732950). The GC-MS analysis indicated that the algal strain completely degrades all aliphatics and aromatics present in oil field formation water within 14 days of incubation. Discussion - The present remediation process is advantageous since it completely remediates TPH present in formation water. Conclusion- Thus, this process could serve as an environmentally sustainable technology for efficient remediation of TPH in formation water.

Keywords: Formation water; Hydrocarbon; Remediation.

SO 04 BEHSD- 171

Thermo-alkaline pretreatment of pine needle biomass of Pinus roxburghii for bioethanol production

Parvez Singh Slathia*, Mehak Raju, Havi Mahotra, Preeti Sharma School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata vaishno Devi University, kakrial, Katra, J&K, India

Production of bioethanol fuel from lignocellulosic biomass is environment friendly substitute for transportation fossil fuels like petrol. Forest waste like pine needles is a cause of forest fires and suppresses vegetation growth on the forest floor. Pinus roxburghii is one of the most abundant pine species in the Shivalik range of Himalayas. In the current study we have tried to investigate the alkali and temperature mediated pretreatment of pine needle biomass (PNB) of Pinus roxburghii for bioethanol production. PNB was collected, dried and comminuted to 1 mm size. Three alkaline solutions viz. NaOH, KOH, aqueous NH3 in the concentration range of 1 to 5% were used with biomass loading of 5%. PNB was soaked for 2 hours followed by autoclaving at 1210C for 15 minutes. Commercial cellulase Onozuka from Trichoderma viride was used for enzymatic hydrolysis. Ethanol production from the hydrolysed PNB was done by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kulyveromyces marxianus in both Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) mode. Total reducing sugar (TRS) was estimated by DNS method and ethanol assay was done spectrophotometrically. Thermo-alkaline pretreatment resulted in 5.28 mg/ml of TRS which increased to 7.22 mg/ml after enzymatic hydrolysis. Ethanol production was higher for both the organisms in SSF mode of fermentation. The highest concentration of ethanol produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 1.68 mg/ml whereas for Kulyveromyces marxianus it was slightly higher 1.86 mg/ml with conversion efficiency of 47% and 52%, respectively. PNB has potential for ethanol production yet the process needs to be improved.

SO 05 BEHSD- 115

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from plants extract for antimicrobial activity

35

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Indu Bhushan and Arvind Yadav School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra (J & K), India

Nanotechnology is an emerging field due to their wide applicability in various areas such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, cosmetics, waste treatment, electronics, energy etc. Nanoparticles can be synthesized by physical, chemical and biological method. Amongst all the nano products, approximately 25% shared by the silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles have found to be good potential against microbial agents and could be used as disinfectant agents. They can be used for removal of coliform bacteria from wastewater, as they deactivate the bacterial DNA and can disinfect the contaminated water. In this study, a simple and eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Alstonia scholaris and Aegle marmelos leaf extracts was reported. The silver ions were converted into silver nanoparticles at room temperature, without the involvement of any hazardous chemical. Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles was carried out by observing the change in color, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, FTIR, DLS, SEM and TEM. These nanoparticles have shown excellent antimicrobial activity against DH5-alpha strain of E.coli and for removal of coliform bacteria from wastewater. The study is carrying out to check their potential for other biological activities.

SO 06 BEHSD- 166

Bioconversion of food waste to an eco-friendly biopolymer

Raveendran Sindhu1*, Pooja Mohan1, Athulya Manju1, Aravind Madhavan2, Parameswaran Binod1 and Ashok Pandey2 1Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum-695 019, India; 2Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India; 3Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226 001, India

Background - Increase in global population leads to generation of large amounts of food wastes and excess usage of non-biodegradable plastics, leads to societal and environmental concerns. Conversion of biodegradable food wastes to bioplastics is an alternative strategy to address this issue. Aim - The aim of the study was to utilize food and kitchen waste as a sole carbon source for biopolymer production, there by addressing two issues-waste management and production of an eco-friendly biopolymer. Methods - Microbes were isolated from sewage and effluent samples collected from different parts of Kerala and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) producing microbes were selected by Nile red screening. Secondary screening was carried out by HPLC. Media engineering was carried out by adopting a Taguchi design to optimise various process parameters affecting PHB production by the selected bacterium. Results - Twenty positive isolates were obtained after Nile red staining. After secondary screening highest PHB yield (0.57g/L) was observed with strain FH which was identified as Bacillus sp. after 16SrRNA sequencing. FTIR and NMR data revealed that the extracted biopolymer as PHB. Discussion - Bacillus sp. was able to grow and utilize food waste as sole carbon source for PHB production. Conclusions - One of the major limitations for the commercialization of biopolymer is the cost associated with the pure carbon source which contributes more than 50% of the total production cost. Hence utilization of kitchen and food waste will help in the development of an economically and eco-friendly technology for the production of biopolymer.

Key-words: biomass; food waste; biorefinery; biopolymer; biodegradable; fermentation

SO 07 BEHSD- 149

Optimization of phytase production by lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kalarei, a fermented milk product

Deepali Bhagat, Parvez Singh Slathia, Neelu Raina and Preeti Sharma* Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Kakrial, Katra, J&K-182 320, India

36

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Growing consumption of functional food products with an increasing efficiency of probiotic bacteria has intensified the demand for probiotics. The global demand for probiotics is expected to reach USD 96 billion by 2020. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) having phytase activity have yet to find their use as probiotic supplement in functional food products. The present study intends to screen, select and optimize phytase production from LAB. Sixty three LAB isolates from different sources were screened for their ability to degrade sodium phytate. Out of sixty three, forty nine LAB isolates were capable of producing phytase. Lactic acid producing isolates from fermented milk product, Kalarei belonging to geneus Lactococcus and Lactobacillus exhibited functional probiotic attributes viz bile tolerance 0.3%, low pH tolerance, tolerance to simulated gastric conditions alongwith substantial phytase-producing ability (555.5 IU/L and 583.0 IU/L respectively). The fermentation variables were optimized by DoE approach and the statistical model used was central composite design (CCD) while the four variables: peptone, maltose, pH and temperature were considered for further studies. Optimum conditions for phytase production in case of two generas varied in the range i.e 1.27% and 1.12% for peptone; for maltose 1.43% and 1.39%; whereas pH 6.2 and temperature 37°C was optimum for both the generas. The phytase activity for Lactococcus sp. was 558.0IU/L and for Lactobacillus sp 637.0 IU/L respectively. The two Lactic acid producing species belonging to two different generas : Lactococcus and Lactobacillus had phytase producing ability and could be used as starter cultures in fermented foods to improve the mineral bioavailability.

Keywords: Functional food, probiotics, lactic acid bacteria, phytase, response surface methodology.

SO 08 BEHSD- 158

Bioconversion of food waste into value added product by adopting approach of integrated biorefinary

1Pratibha Singh, 2Anoop Singh, 1Ashima Srivastava 1Depaertment of chemistry, JSS Academy of technical education, Noida; 2DSIR, Government of India, New Delhi

The most important renewable resource on this planet is food biomass which is not utilized properly. According to Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), one third of food produced globally for human consumption is lost along the food supply chain. As the value of food biomass content is related to the chemical and physical properties of large molecules, the challenges for the future are to be found in a combination of the biological, physical and chemical sciences, to replicate an oil refinery with a biorefinery thus replacing finite non- renewable fossil resources with biorenewable biomass resources for the production of feed, fertilizer, fuel, energy, industrial chemical and related consumer product through the use of clean and green bioprocess technologies. Biorefineries offer significant potential for future supply of oils, protein, and carbohydrates for fuels and chemicals without impacting food supplies. The residual biomass from biodiesel production processes can be used as fertilizers in the form of compost. Food biorefinery concept could become a highly distributed source of fuel oil, energy, feed, and fertilizer and perhaps make this world pollution free and leap towards sustainable development. Therefore this review paper aims to examine the state-of-the-art of food waste biorefinary technologies for renewable energy and by products generation. (Key Words: Biorefinery, Food waste, bioconversion)

37

27/11/2018 POSTER SESSION I 1300-1530h Biological Waste Treatment

PP no Ref no Title of abstract and authors Presenting author PP 001 BEHSD- 107 Indoor potted plant based biofilter: Mr Yeshawi performance evaluation and kinetics Kaushik study PP 002 BEHSD- 156 Bioremediation of mercury (II) by Ms Shalini Singh bacterial strains: An innovative approach to effective mercury (II) bioremoval PP 003 BEHSD- 185 Biodegradation of Polymers by Ms Rwiddhi Bacteria isolated from marine Sarkhel environment PP 004 BEHSD- 216 Detection and quantification of Ms Annapurna biofilm-forming bacteria from sludge Maurya of CETP treating tannery wastewater PP 005 BEHSD- 218 Development of sustainable and Mr Jahirul Ahmed reusuable silver nanocomposite Mazumder coated glass for the treatment of contaminated water PP 006 BEHSD- 222 In silico bioremediation approach Mr Anil K Singh using Lignin peroxidase to minimizing environmental pollutants released from paper mills

Environmental Bioengineering

PP BEHSD- Molecular characterization and Mr Abhishek Singh 007 103 degradation kinetics of isoprene degrading bacteria from leaf and under canopy soil of Madhucalatifolia and Tectonagrandis PP BEHSD- Photosynthetic chlorophyll Ms Neelima Meravi 008 104 fluorescence response of tradescantia pallida exposed to different heavy metals alone and in combination PP BEHSD- Structure prediction and Docking of Ms Karuna Yadav 009 130 UbiA gene to enhance the production of CoQ10 from Agrobacterium tumefaciens

1

PP BEHSD- Production and characterization of Ms Juhi Gupta 011 138 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) for the biodegradation of carbofuran by Cupriavidus sp. ISTL7 PP BEHSD- Optimization of Fermentation Dr Bishwabhar 012 152 condition for pullulan production by a Mishra new isolate of Micrococcus luteus Dr Sunita Varjani PP BEHSD- Non-targeted ecological impacts of Mr Vijayaprathap 013 159 Neonicotinoid pesticides – A shifting Elango paradigm ,Vijayaprathap Elango1# PP BEHSD- Bisphenol-A aggravates redox Mr Sumit K Anand 014 165 imbalance, inflammation and invokes apoptosis in primary rat hepatocytes: A comparative study for safer alternatives PP BEHSD- Screening and identification of Ms Garima Awasthi 015 173 organophosphate compounds against hybrid ORF constructed for degradation of toxic compounds PP BEHSD- Uptake of xenobiotic azo dye reactive Ms Chitra Srikantan 016 181 red 120 by hairy roots of Helianthus annuus with concomitant production of high-value anti-oxidants PP BEHSD- Characterization and Optimization of Ms Madhurya Ray 017 184 Biosurfactant Production for Enhanced Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation PP BEHSD- Ultrastructural changes in the ovaries Ms Ritika Gupta 018 196 of the Oriental latrine fly, Chrysomyamegacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera:Calliphoridae) induced by Deltamethrin PP BEHSD- A chemical approach in sustaining Mr Samar Mahmood 019 198 the Cotton plants from Red Cotton Stainer, Dysdercus koenigii (Fabricus) (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) PP BEHSD- Potential use of sunflower Ms Rupa Rani 020 202 (Helianthus annuus) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for endosulfan degradation PP BEHSD- Understanding the mechanism of Ms Aakriti Gupta 021 219 Quaternary Ammonium Compounds antimicrobial property and determining its toxicity potential in humans PP BEHSD- Characterization of Multidrug Ms Saloni Garg

2

023 227 Resistant Bacteria from surface water and their mechanisms of actions

PP BEHSD- Sequence analysis of Dr Prachi Srivastava 024 231 Chlamydomonasreinhardtii with next generation data to establish it as an alternative source of biodegradation PP BEHSD- Drosophila ecdysone receptor based Ms Snigdha Gupta ex vivo assay for the evaluation of 109 228 endocrine disruption in insect pollinators

Industrial Bioprocesses and Products

PP BEHSD- Tar free gas generation with Rose Havilah Pulla 025 101 multistage gasification: A design SunitaVarjani conceptualization and its equilibrium analysis PP BEHSD- Continuous production of α- keto Dr Neeraj Gupta 026 112 acid by gelatin immobilized cells of Trigonopsisvariabilis in a packed bed reactor PP BEHSD- Biodegradation of PAH by Mr Ravi Kumar 027 117 immobilized Pseudomonas Sonwani pseudoalcaligenes NRSS3 in a packed bed bioreactor and analysis of external mass transfer correlation PP BEHSD- Production and structural Mr Siddhartha 028 125 characterization of a Narayan Borah rhamnolipidbiosurfactant produced utilising Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) as a cost effective substrate PP BEHSD- Response surface optimization of Ms Navpreet Kaur 029 134 pullulan production from de-oiled rice bran extract by Aureobasidium pullulans PP BEHSD- External supplement of impulsive Ms Nishtha Mishra 030 140 micromanager Trichoderma helps in combating CO2 stress in rice grown under FACE PP BEHSD- Characteristic Optimization of Ms Vidhu Agarwal 031 145 Biomass Estimation using the Growth Technique of Water Vapor Droplets in SSF PP BEHSD- Sustainable production of Mr Khwajah

3

032 168 camptothecin from a fungal Mohinudeen endophyte of Nothapodytesnimmoniana PP BEHSD- PCR AMPLIFICATION OF Ms Deepsikha 033 169 XYLANASE GENES FROM Anand DIFFERENT Aspergillus strains PP BEHSD- Optimization of L-glutamic acid Ms Kritika Pandey 034 172 production using Corynebacterium glutamicum PP BEHSD- C, N and C N modulations raised the Mr Batul Diwan 035 179 lipid content, yield and coefficient in a unique oleaginous Deuteromycetes isolate - a putative nutritional candidate PP BEHSD- Protein engineering and Mr Satyanarayan 036 182 immobilization strategies to confer Patel stability and recyclability to D- allulose 3-peimerase for D-allulose production PP BEHSD- Engineering MEP Pathway in E. coli Mr Gaurav Kant 037 207 for Overproduction of Isoprene: An industrially important hydrocarbon PP BEHSD- Immobilization and characterization Dr Jyoti Prakash 038 212 of purified xylanase from B. Amyloliquefacience PP BEHSD- Quick and effective sample clean-up Ms Minu Singh 039 232 using CVD grown carbon nanofibers for multi-class pesticide residue analysis in high fat and low water commodities using QuEChERS

Industrial & Food Technology and Toxicology

PP BEHSD- Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Mr Ankush Yadav 041 122 Anticancer Compounds (Cyclophosphamide and Etoposide) in Environment PP BEHSD- Hazard Potential of Emerging Ms Alina Zehra 042 143 Environmental Contaminants to Dr Anbumani Aquatic and Terrestrial Invertebrates Sadasivan PP BEHSD- Ecotoxicity Evaluation of 4- Mr Ved Prakash 043 144 Methylbenzylidene camphor (4- MBC) in Zebrafish PP BEHSD- Evaluation of decabrominated Ms Sonam Paliya 044 191 diphenyl ether (BDE-209) induced toxicity by using PC-12 cell lines as an in-vitro model

4

PP BEHSD- Food Safety Database - In silico Ms Shweta Singh 046 225 toxicity screening of food additives Chauhan PP BEHSD- Methods for the detection of Ms Srishti Mehrotra 047 234 adulteration in milk and milk products

PP BEHSD- Exploration of the biodegradation Mr Raj Kumar Regar 100 243 potential of bacteria by culture techniques and their validation through whole genome sequencing PP BEHSD- Elucidation of microbial structure Dr Gandesh 101 241 shifts and keystone microorganisms Saratale (invited in high pressure anaerobic digestion speaker) PP BEHSD- Isolation and characterization of Ms Varsha Tripathi 102 244 biosurfactant from bacteria and their use in enhanced removal of persistent pollutants PP BEHSD- Interaction of Fungus Ms Jagriti Shukla 103 245 Serendipitaindica Reduces Arsenic Toxicity in Host Plant PP BEHSD- Therapeutic potential of Dr Thangapandiyan 104 246 sulforaphane against arsenic Shanmugam induced nephrotoxicity via PI3K/Akt mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway. PP BEHSD- Degradation of crude oil and Ms Rupshikha 105 161 simultaneous production of Patowary biosurfactant PP BEHSD- Biodegradation of Reactive Orange Ms Amrita Shahi 16 dye in microbial fuel cell: An 106 116 innovative way to minimise waste along with electricity production PP BEHSD- Application of Nanotechnology in Dr Arvind K Yadav Food Industries 107 170

5

28/11/2018 POSTER SESSION II 1240-1440h Lignocellulose Biorefinery

PP BEHSD- 106 Disintegration of rice straw for the Ms Priyanka Pal 048 efficient isolation of cellulose using organosolvpretreatment in the presence of organic acid PP BEHSD- 119 Development of medium composition Ms Aarti Gupta 049 for the heterotrophic cultivation of green microalgae, Scenedesmus sp. ASK22, using response surface methodology PP BEHSD- 142 Simultaneous bio-remediation of Ms S. Archanaa 050 nanoparticles of emerging concern and bio–diesel production using Rhodococcusopacus PD630 PP BEHSD- 163 Application of Genetic Algorithm in Ms Ranjana Sirohi 051 modelling Optimization of Cellulase Production PP BEHSD- 164 Isolation and characterization of Mr Raj Morya 052 Burkholderia sp. ISTRM for the degradation of lignin model compounds PP BEHSD- 176 Purification and characterization of Mr Dhruv Agrawal 053 recombinant β-xylosidase (GH43) from Scytalidiumthermophilum and its application in formulation of lignocellulolytic enzyme cocktails PP BEHSD- 178 A novel versatile LPMO from Ms Neha Basotra 054 Malbrancheacinnamomea showing dual catalytic behavior against cellulose and pure xylan PP BEHSD- 183 In-depth characteristics of products Mr Satyansh Singh 055 from torrefaction of woody biomass PP BEHSD- 186 Optimization of carbon sources for Mr Abhishek 056 maximization of growth, Mohanta photosynthetic efficiency and lipid production of Dunaliellasalina PP BEHSD- 189 Identification and characterization of Mr Prabhakar 057 halotolerant Dunaliellasalina for Singh biotechnological implications PP BEHSD- 190 Effect of culture conditions and Mr Sk 058 nutrient concentrations on growth and RiyazatKhadim

6

lipid production of Dunaliellasalina in a photobioreactor PP BEHSD- 197 Screening of lactic acid bacteria Ms Neerja Yadav 059 stable to ionic liquids and inhibitory by products PP BEHSD- 199 Study of thermal behaviour, kinetics Mr Goutam 060 and product characterization of Kishore Gupta coconut husk pyrolysis for bio-energy generation PP BEHSD- 200 Study of biological and Ms RenuBala 061 thermochemical pretreatment of OFMSW and optimization of thermochemical pretreatment by RSM for enhanced biogas yield PP BEHSD- 224 Computational Toxicity Screening of Mr Zeeshan Arif 062 Biologically derived Fuel Compounds PP BEHSD- 236 Operating Cost and Sludge Study of Ms Divya Ghildyal 063 Continuous Electrocoagulation Treatment of Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater

Nanotechnology: Applications in Food and Health Sectors

PP BEHSD- Mathematically optimized production, Dr Siddharth Vats 064 102 purification and characterization of Penicillin G Acylase from AA17A and AA17B: An Industrial biocatalyst for production of aminopenicillanic acid a core moiety of different penicillins PP BEHSD- In silico approach based targeting of Dr Prachi Bhargava 065 105 squalene synthase and 3-hydroxy 3- methylglutaryl – Co-A reductase: A solution towards Leishmaniasis PP BEHSD- Nanomaterial Integrated Flexible Bio- Mr Nishant Verma 066 114 Sensor for Jaundice Detection PP BEHSD- Gene expression of Transforming Ms Jyoti Gupta 067 120 Growth factor- Beta in Prevention and treatment of Hypertrophic burn scar using different therapeutic modalities PP BEHSD- Efficacy of a rhamnolipidbiosurfactant Ms Suparna Sen 068 121 against dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes PP BEHSD- Lipstatin: Hypes and hopes of an Ms Khushboo 069 127 obese person Yadav PP BEHSD- An Optimization of Physico-Chemical Ms Shipra Pandey 070 131 Conditions for Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Biogenic Gold

7

Nanoparticles PP BEHSD- Optimization of microwave mediated Mr Krishna Gautam 071 133 disinfection of hospital linen PP BEHSD- Identification of circulating cell-free Mr Manish Kumar 072 141 mitochondrial DNA D-loop mutation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A study from Northeast India PP BEHSD- Green synthesis of silver Ms Kristina Medhi 073 160 nanoparticles using Paracoccusdenitrificans ISTOD1 for wastewater treatment PP BEHSD- Inhibition of miR21 synthesis using Ms Saumya 074 167 natural compounds: Virtual screening Srivastava based approach PP BEHSD- Extracellular synthesis of stable silver Ms LathaDomdi 075 177 nanoparticles by biosurfactant produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PU1 with antioxidant and anticancer activities PP BEHSD- One-pot hydrothermal Synthesis of Mr Ankit Kumar 076 187 fluorescent carbon quantum dots from Singh halophilic microalgae for On-Off sensing of Hg(II), Cr (VI) and its Ms Priyanka Maurya invitro live cell imaging PP BEHSD- Screening of antimicrobial and anti- Mr Urmilesh Singh 077 188 HIV activity of crude and purified fraction of Arthrospira platensis and Dunaliellasalina isolated from hypersaline lake PP BEHSD- Refolding of thermally denatured Ms Shubhrima 078 194 Cholesterol oxidases by Magnetic Ghosh Nanoparticles PP BEHSD- Highly effective adsorption of Mr Anuj Kumar 079 201 Methylene blue from synthetic water Prajapati, using CuO nanoparticles loaded on garlic shell powder PP BEHSD- Current mechanistic insights into the Dr AK Srivastava 080 217 antimicrobial action of metallic nanoparticles and their implications to combat multi drug resistance PP BEHSD- Highly selective fluorescent sensor Mr Aditya Pankaj 081 233 probe for detection of Hg (II) and Fe Mishra (III) based on hetroatom doped candle soot derived carbon dots PP BEHSD- Engineered nanoparticle-protein Ms Surabhi Jaiswal 082 237 interactions and their significance

8

Waste Biorefinery and Sustainability

PP BEHSD- 108 Biosorption Kinetics of Malachite Mr H.V. Singh 083 Green dye using the biochar of Chinese Fan Palm (livistonachinensis) fruit PP BEHSD- 110 Bio-sorption and Microbial Ms Sneha Kumari 084 Degradation of Malachite Green in Packed Bed Bioreactor PP BEHSD- 126 Heavy metals removal from Ms Manisha Sharma 085 industrial wastewater PP BEHSD- 129 An Eco-Friendly Biogenic Approach Ms Arpita 086 vs. Chemical Counterpart for Bhattacharya Enhanced Eradication of Tomato Wilt Disease PP BEHSD- 174 Assessment of Water-Quality Ms Madhurya Ray 087 Parameters of Groundwater Contaminated By Fly Ash Leachate Near Koradi Thermal Power Plant PP BEHSD- 180 Solid Waste Ragpickers and Health Ms SwetaKumari 088 issues in India: A comprehensive study PP BEHSD- 192 Challenges and Issues in Mr PradipJadhao 089 Developing Countries for Soil Quality Management PP BEHSD- 193 Synthesis of PE PP WS composite Mr Shobhit Dixit 090 for green reinforcement applications PP BEHSD- 195 Pesticide (Carbendazim) Tolerance Dr Anjney Sharma 091 and Genetic Variability of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria from Contaminated Agricultural Soil PP BEHSD- 205 Fast vegetation cover on coal fly ash Dr AlkaKumari 092 lagoon through naturally growing Phragmiteskarka (Retz.)Trin: A potential ecological engineer PP BEHSD- 240 Microbial Consortia, Earthworm and Ms Monika Seth 093 Biosurfactant Assisted Degradation of PAHs in Crude Oil

Waste to Wealth- Resource Recovery

PP BEHSD- Utilisation of Construction and Mr Shaniv Kumar Tiwari 094 109 Demolition Waste: Sequestration of CO2 and its future applications

9

PP BEHSD- Optimization of Dr Abuzer Amir 095 111 ecofriendlyproduction of Poly-β- HydroxyButyrate Biopolymer for synthesis of bioplastic from Alcaligenes latus Using wastes obtained from sugar industries PP BEHSD- Electricity generation by microbial Ms Jyoti Joshi 096 124 fuel cell using Dairy wastewater, vermicompost and Hostel Sewage sludge PP BEHSD- Waste to wealth value added Mr Nishant Pandey 097 150 recovery of 6-O-ascorbyl esters and isolation of a new flavonoid from seeds of Aegle marmelos (family- Rutaceae) PP BEHSD- Establishment of resveratrol and Ms Ruchi Yadav 098 162 its derivatives as neuroprotectant against monocrotophos induced neurodevelopment injury in mesenchymal stem cells PP BEHSD- EQUILIBRIUM SOLUBILITY OF Mr Shailesh Kumar 099 208 CO2 IN AQUEOUS BLEND OF 2- (DIETHYLAMINE) ETHANOL AND ETHYLENE DIAMINE (EDA)

PP BEHSD- In-silico studies of marine Mr Nitin Srivastava 108 214 Exiguobacterium sp. Proteases

PP BEHSD- Arsenic and imprint disruption: Sukhveer Singh 110 247 Mechanisms and markers for risk assessment PP BEHSD- Catalytic Transformation of Bio- Mr Hadi Ali 040 242 based Itaconic Acid to Citramalic Acid

10

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Abstracts of Poster Presentations

38

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Abstracts of Poster Presentations - Biological Waste Treatment

39

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

PP 001/BEHSD- 107

Indoor potted plant based biofilter: performance evaluation and kinetics study

Anugunj Pal a, Asmita Sarowgi a, Sangeeta Kumariac, Yeshaswi Kaushik b, B. S. Giri *c and R.S. Singh c* a Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; b Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India; c Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT(BHU), Varanasi 221005, India

Recently, plant-based Bio filters associated with microorganisms have gained popularity in controlling odorous compounds like VOCs as they are cost-effective and an environment-friendly alternative to conventional air pollution control techniques. Attempting the same, the main objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of potted plants based Clairy biofilter for the biodegradation of benzene. A sealed Perspex chamber with lid and fan was designed to ensure minimum leakage, proper aeration and distribution of benzene inside the chamber. Five different ornamental indoor plants were placed inside the chamber sequentially and exposed to a concentration of 5 PPM benzene for 30 hours each. The leakage of benzene was checked beforehand. It was found out that Epipremnum aureum (Money plant) showed the maximum benzene degradation in the aforementioned time period with a removal efficiency of 98%. The microorganisms from the soil samples of each plant before and after exposure to benzene were isolated on MSM plates containing a benzene concentration of 100 PPM for specific CFU/ml count. Molecular characterization results showed Bacillus sp. A hyperbolic growth curve was obtained for the benzene degrading bacteria. From the plot, the kinetics of bacterial growth and benzene degradation, along with the optimisation parameters were determined. The µmax and Ks values for 100 PPM concentration of benzene were calculated to be 0.284 h-1 and 0.427 g/m3 respectively. Thus, this article it is elucidated from our experiments that plants associated with microorganisms play an essential role in degradation of benzene from the surrounding polluted air.

PP 002/BEHSD- 156

Bioremediation of mercury (II) by bacterial strains: An innovative approach to effective mercury (II) bioremoval

Shalini Singh and Vipin Kumara* Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India

Upsurge in the concentration of mercury in atmosphere become a major global issue and damage ecosystem directly. Mercury is very toxic at very minute concentration and because of having unique properties like bioaccumulative nature, it is considered as potent neurotoxic by WHO. Various sources like coal combustion, chlor-alkali plant, fossil fuel burning leads to hike the concentration of mercury in the atmosphere. There is several toxic form of mercury present in the atmosphere, among all methyl mercury is potent toxic form, also responsible behind the Minamata disaster, Japan (1956). It poses several health effects to human beings by affecting central nervous system, liver, autoimmune diseases, loss of memory, brain damage, lung and kidney. Various technologies have been employed for the treatment of mercury contamination but among all bioremediation is eco-friendly, provide greener technology as well as focus on sustainability. Several mercury resistant bacteria like Pseudomonas putida, Serratia marcescens, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Klebsiella pneumonia were reported to be effective for remediation of mercury in between 69-99% from contaminated region and act as potential agents in microbial demethylation. The mer operon in the mercury resistant bacteria contains promoter, regulator, operator as well as functional genes (merA and merB) which are associated with the transformation of mercury from higher to lower toxic form. The reductase enzyme present in the bacteria helps in the transformation of toxic compounds. This review mainly focuses mercury resistance bacteria carrying mercury reductase enzymes (merA and merB), remediation techniques for mercury contaminated soil and water, predominantly on bioremediation.

PP 003/BEHSD- 185

Biodegradation of polymers by bacteria isolated from marine environment

Rwiddhi Sarkhel, Shubhalakshmi Sengupta, Papita Das*, Avijit Bhowal Department of Chemical engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

40

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Biological degradation is generally considered as a phenomenon of biological transformation of organic compounds by living organisms particularly microbes. It has been considered as a natural process in the microbial world as carbon and energy source for their growth and takes a key role in the recycling of materials in the natural ecosystem. Biodegradation refers to the physical or chemical changes induced in a material by any environmental factor such as light, moisture, heat or wind along with biological agents such as bacteria or fungi. Biodegradation of different types of plastic polymers, like Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) by different strains of bacteria isolated from the marine water near Sunderban area identified as Frazergunj sp., Bakkhali sp., under various conditions and factors affecting the process have been reviewed in the present study. Plastic polymers, plays an important role in degradation. The ability of these bacterial strains in degrading polymers was investigated, kept for incubation for about 3-5 days. The plastic polymers were characterized by the Weight loss study and Spectrophotometry then percentage of degradation was calculated. There are various polythene degradation methods available but the eco-friendly and acceptable method is by using microbes.

PP 004/BEHSD- 216

Detection and quantification of biofilm-forming bacteria from sludge of CETP treating tannery wastewater

Annapurna Maurya, Pooja Yadav and Abhay Raj* Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Tannery industry generated highly toxic wastewaters which is difficult to treat by available treatment approaches. The discharge of inadequately treated tannery effluent causes water and soil pollution and affects plant and animal health. The genotoxic and mutagenic effect of tannery effluents from leather processing industry is well documented. Biofilm mediated remediation is an emerging, eco-friendly and cost effective option for the removal or mitigation of environmental contaminants. Biofilm formation is an organization of microbes in which microbial cells stay/adhere to each other on living or non-living surfaces within a self produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Bacterial biofilms exist within indigenous populations near the heavily contaminated sites to better persist, survive and manage the harsh environment. Use of biofilms is efficient for bioremediation as biofilms absorb, immobilize and degrade various environmental pollutants, including tannery wastewater. In order to meet the a need for the biofilm forming bacteria, the present study was focused on detection and quantification of biofilm forming bacteria from sludge of common effluent treatment plant (CETP)-Unnao treating tannery wastewaters. Bacteria were isolated from sludge samples and biofilm formation potential was detected by tube assay method. The isolated bacterial were further analyzed for quantitative assay of the biofilm. Studies on optimization of biofilm formation are in progress.

PP 005/BEHSD- 218

Development of sustainable and reusuable silver nanocomposite coated glass for the treatment of contaminated water

Jahirul Ahmed Mazumder and Meryam Sardar Dept of Bioscience, JMI, India

Water contaminants pose a serious threat to human and aquatic life forms, thus there is an urgent need to develop a sustainable and affordable water treatment technology. In the present work, green synthesized silver nanocomposites were covalently immobilized on glass surface modified by 3-Aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES). The conjugation resulted prevention of aggregation of nanocomposites, commonly observed in colloidal solution and it also enhances the property of their reusability. The nanocomposites were synthesized by a nontoxic and eco-friendly approach using Ocimum sanctum leaves extract as a reducing and capping agent. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD and DLS techniques. FTIR confirmed the immobilization of silver nanocomposites on glass surface. The significant loading and uniform distribution of silver nanocomposite on the glass surface was studied using scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The immobilized nanocomposites removes 70-75% of toxic textile dyes from aqueous solution. The antimicrobial effect of glass coated silver nanocomposites was studied on different water borne pathogenic bacterial strains (E.coli, S aureus and multi drug resistant) and the results indicate efficient removal of bacteria from contaminated water within 60 minutes. Further, the immobilized nanocomposites

41

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

were studied for their reusability and the data indicates 50% removal of microbes upto 5th cycle. The inhibition of bacterial biofilms was also studied and confirmed by SEM. Thus the immobilized silver nano composites glass can be used in the development of food/water storage containers. It can also be used in textile industries before discharging their contaminated water in environment.

PP 006/BEHSD- 222

In silico bioremediation approach using Lignin peroxidase to minimizing environmental pollutants released from paper mills

Anil Kumar Singh1,2 and Abhay Raj1 1Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, 2Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Pollutants released from paper mills are a vast variety of pollutants and pose a serious risk to environment. in silico bioremediation approach regard as a time and cost-effective technique for optimization of bioremediation process. In silico bioremediation approach depends on computational program or algorithm and databases. In silico bioremediation approach is nothing, but it provides the molecular screening in term of binding of receptor with its ligand and predicts pathway for degradation of pollutants. It is highly effective and accurate technique of bioremediation which further require validation. In present study we focused on bacterial derived Lignin peroxidase (Lip; pdb: 3VEG), a heme containing molecule and does have potential to degrade pollutants released from paper mills. For bioremediation of toxic lignin or alkali lignin which are toxic due to its complex functional group are being conducted for binding with Lip enzyme. Alkali or toxic lignin is studied as, in silico approach using molecular modeling and molecular docking tools. Molecular docking provided binding affinity and ligand binding affinity, cavity forming amino acid residue and binding distance in Å as receptor-ligand complex. After molecular modelling of lignin peroxidase molecule various structural properties revealed after docked. Auto Dock was used for dock alkali lignin unit docked with lignin peroxidase molecule. Energy function, active site poses prediction and ligand binding site predicted using standard docking parameters are being highlighted.

PP 106/BEHSD- 116

Biodegradation of Reactive Orange 16 dye in microbial fuel cell: An innovative way to minimise waste along with electricity production

Amrita Shahi, B.N.Rai, R.S.Singh*

Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Centre of Advanced Study, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi 221005, India

A laboratory scale microbial fuel cell study was performed to check behaviour of reactive orange 16 dyes for their electricity production and biodegradation activity simultaneously. For this, mixed microbial culture taken from waste water was used as inoculums. Concentration of dye was varied from 100-1000 ppm. Maximum voltage was obtained for 100 ppm of dye was found to be 0.5791 V along with power density of 0.0851 micro W/cc . COD removal efficiency was found to be in range of 100-40 % for dye concentration upto 500 ppm. Almost 98 % color removal for 100 ppm of dye was obtained. CO2 was collected and measured and maximum concentration was found to be 2 % at 1000 ppm which is higher to atmospheric 0.003% confirms the biodegradation in microbial fuel cell. Biodegradation of reactive orange 16 were studied under inhibitory condition accordance with the experiment using Haldane model and kinetic constants were calculated and found to be µmax , Ks ,Ki as 0.417 day-1, 206.2 ppm and 447.12 ppm respectively. Keywords: Haldane kinetics, COD Removal Efficiency, Microbial Fuel Cell, Reactive orange 16

42

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Abstracts of Poster Presentations - Environmental Bioengineering

43

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

PP 007/BEHSD- 103

Molecular characterization and degradation kinetics of isoprene degrading bacteria from leaf and under canopy soil of Madhuca latifolia and Tectona grandis

Abhishek Singh*, Navnita Srivastava, S. K. Dubey# Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India

Isoprene is a highly reactive volatile organic carbon (VOC), mostly emitted from woody plants. Annually, 500- 700 TgC yr-1 isoprene is emitted from biogenic and anthropogenic sources. It alters the atmospheric chemistry by reacting with hydroxyl radicals and nitrogen oxides (NOx). In presence of NOx it generates trophospheric ozone which has deleterious effect on plants and animals including humans. Besides, ozone it also produces other green house gases like CO and delay the oxidation of CH4, thus, contributes to global warming. It is also play a key role in SOA (secondary organic aerosol) formation. Soil has been identified as an important sink for isoprene. Several isoprene utilizing bacteria were isolated from soil such as Alcaligens, Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella etc. In present study isoprene utilizing bacteria were isolated and characterized from soil and leaf surface of two tree species, viz. Madhuca latifolia and Tectona grandis. The isoprene degrading capabilities of the isolates in batch culture were assessed. Further their degradation kinetics was calculated based on experimental data. The metabolites formed were identified using FTIR. Three bacterial species were identified from soil, Pseudomonas sp., Arthrobacter sp., and Bacillus sp. while four from leaf surface namely, Sphingobacterium sp., Sphingobium sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Pantoea sp. The isoprene degradation studies and kinetics present Pseudomonas sp. as the most efficient isoprene degraders. The FTIR analysis of degradation products in reference to control suggests the isoprene is oxidized in presence of bacterial isolates.

PP 008/BEHSD- 104

Photosynthetic chlorophyll fluorescence response of Tradescantia pallida exposed to different heavy metals alone and in combination

Neelima Meravi and S K Prajapati Department of Botany, GG Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur-495 009, India

Presence of metals in the environment may have adverse impacts on the essential components of ecosystem particularly the autorophs. In order to assess impacts of heavy metals on Tradescantia pallida, plants were -1 -1 grown in pots (5 L capacity) under control and the metal treatment of MnCl2 (10 mML ), CuCl2 (10 mML ), -1 -1 -1 -1 CoCl2 (10 mML ), FeCl3 (10 mML ), NiCl2 (10 mML ), ZnCl2 (10 mML ) and 10 mM combinations of MnCl2 + CoCl2 , CuCl2 + FeCl3 and NiCl2+ ZnCl2. Results showed that the Fv/Fm (indication of the maximum and effective photochemical quantum yield of PS II) was ≥ 0.70 for the control (0.773) and Mn (0.705), Fe (0.700), and Cu+Fe (0.709) exhibiting small impact of these metals or combination on the photosynthetic machinery. However, the Fv/Fm value <.70 for Cu (0.645), Co (0.116), Ni (0.440), Zn (0.553), Co+Mn (0.363), and Ni+Zn (0.617) treatments clearly showed adverse impact of these metals and combination on the photosynthetic processes. The greatest negative impact observed by Co treatment alone or with the combination of Mn (Co+Mn). The study highlighted reduced negative impact of Cu metals when used in combination with Fe. However, it is clear from the present study that Tradescantia pallida plants are under stress in the presence of heavy metals. It also confirms that presence of heavy metals in ecosystem can cause reduction in the overall primary productivity of the Tradescantia pallida

PP 009/BEHSD- 130

Structure prediction and Docking of UbiA gene to enhance the production of CoQ10 from Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Karuna Yadav and Kashyap Kumar Dubey*

44

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Bioprocess Engineering laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh-123 031, India

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a naturally occurring molecule, produced in mitochondrial membrane which executes bioenergetics as electron and proton carrier. CoQ10 has gained popularity because it has wide use as nutraceuticals, dietary supplemental ingredient, anti-aging creams, immune booster and as well as in functional foods. For production of value-added nutraceuticals various eco-friendly approaches like microbial bioproduction is widely used. Currently, natural and genetically modified microorganism (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Paracoccus denitrificans, Rhodobacter sphaeroids, Escherichia coli) explored commercially. UbiA is a key enzyme that catalyzes a key step of linking para-hydroxybenzoate and isoprenoid for CoQ10 biosynthesis. Bioinformatics approach was applied on UbiA gene sequence, Agrobacterium tumefaciens 2250 and three dimensional structure of UBI-A was predicted by I-Tasser, was further visualized using PyMol and the active site prediction was done by Scfbio server. We used PHB(P-Hydroxy Benzoic acid) as the inhibitor to the structured protein and observed the interaction analysis to gain further information regarding the binding affinity. AutoDock vina was used to perform the interaction analysis and we observed -5.8kcal/mol of free energy from the analysis with 3 H-bonds were identified using LigPlot. These H-bonds sharing with cysteine, leucine residue of active site vicinity. Site directed mutagenesis of UbiA gene at active sites might result in the enhanced production of CoQ10 in the development of high yielding strain of Agrobacterium tumefacians.

PP 010/BEHSD- 132

Biosynthesis and over expression of isoprenoids in Bacillus subtilis by non-mevalonate pathway as nextgen fuel

Deepshi Chaurasia and Preeti Chaturvedi* Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226 001, India

Extensive approaches on sustainable energy sources have been conducted to generate renewable energy resources from biological route using various substrates and enzymatic pathways. In the present study, secondary metabolite from B. subtilis has been used as a bioprospective candidate for enhancing Isoprenol yield. Isoprenoids are the largest group of secondary metabolites found in all organisms. Due to their higher number of carbon molecules and properties similar to other commercially available fuels isoprenoids can be prospected as sustainable energy sources. In prokaryotes, isoprenoids are synthesized by non-mevalonate route via 1-deoxy-d- xylulose-4-phosphate (DXP) pathway. Engineering DXP pathway genes via synthetic route have been reported for the improved production of isoprenoids in microbial hosts. The DXP synthase (dxs) gene responsible for the metabolism of key end products of glycolysis; pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into 1-deoxy-d- xylulose-4-phosphate (DXP) was cloned to enhance the supply of prenyl precursors. Another DXP pathway gene, 2-C-methylerythritol-4-phosphate cytidyltransferase (ispD), was also cloned and overexpressed in E. coli using pHT01 shuttle vector to enhance the precursors supply for isoprenoids production. The Gas chromatography studies of the ethyl acetate fraction shows a two fold increase in yield isoprenols in engineered strain as compared to the wild type in pilot study.

PP 011/BEHSD- 138

Production and characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) for the biodegradation of carbofuran by Cupriavidus sp. ISTL7

Juhi Gupta, and Indu Shekhar Thakur* School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India

Background and aim: Pesticides are a part of the major waste composition at a landfill waste site and Carbofuran is one of the most toxic carbamate pesticide. In the current study, we will address the production and characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) along with the degradation of Carbofuran by a member of the Burkholderiaceae family, Cupriavidus sp. ISTL7 isolated from the heat shocked Ghazipur landfill site, Delhi. Methods: The potential for degradation by the strain was analyzed in Mineral Salt Media (MSM) with different concentration of carbofuran. Using GC-MS (Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry), intermediary catabolic metabolites were identified to construct the pathway. The produced EPS was characterized with GC-MS and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) studies. Methyltetrazolium (MTT) assay for cytotoxicity and

45

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

alkaline comet assay for genotoxicity were performed on liver-derived human hepato-carcinoma cell line (HepG2) to evaluate the toxic potential of the product. Result and Discussion: The strain was found to be degrading different concentrations of carbofuran. Keto and hydroxy intermediate metabolites for the degradation pathway were identified. The EPS produced along, was dominated with monomeric sugars and its further characterization was done with NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance). The toxicological studies for EPS showed no toxic effects. Cupriavidus sp. ISTL7 promises to be a potent candidate for biodegradation studies. PP 012/BEHSD- 152

Optimization of Fermentation condition for pullulan production by a new isolate of Micrococcus luteus

Bishwambhar Mishra*1 and Sunita Varjani # 2 1Department of Biotechnology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar-752 050, Odisha, India; 2Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Sector-10A, Gandhinagar-382 010, Gujarat, India

Pullulan is one of the most essential exopolysachharides (EPS) of α(Glucan) units in which most commonly α(1→4) linkage predominate. The Aureobasidium pullulans is the key microorganism for pullulan production. A major problem with Aureobasidium pullulans is co-production of melanin along with pullulan. The basic aim of this study was to screen a novel strain having potential to produce pullulan without producing melanin and to optimize the various process parameters for its production. In this work, twenty isolates were screened from the soil sample and out of which only one strain could able to produce significant amount of pullulan (2.8±0.02%) on the 5th day of the fermentation without optimization. This pullulan producing strain was found to be Micrococcus luteus (GenBank Acc. No KX261689) based upon the 16s r-RNA sequencing. The characterization of pullulan was done with Enzymatic (Pullulanase) hydrolysis study and FT-IR analysis. In the enzymatic hydrolysis, more than 95% hydrolysis of EPS (pullulan) by pullulanase enzyme had also indicated the presence of α(1→6) and α(1→4) linkages in the structure of pullulan. Various optimized values of different parameters for the production of pullulan were found to be pH: 7.5, Temperature:30˚C, RPM: 250, Incubation time: 5 days. In addition to that, for the recovery of pullulan from culture broth, various factors like screening of organic solvents for pullulan precipitation, time of precipitation, ratios of culture supernatant and organic solvent were also optimized.

PP 013/BEHSD- 159

Non-targeted ecological impacts of Neonicotinoid pesticides – A shifting paradigm

Vijayaprathap Elango1, Anbumani Sadasivam2 and Jayanthi Palaniyappan1* 1Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem – 636011, Salem, India; 2Regulatory Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow - 226 008

Background: Neonicotinoid insecticides are the most important chemical class of insecticides introduced to global market since the synthetic pyrethroids. Today, Neonicotinoids are registered globally in more than 120 countries and found to be effective against sucking pests such as aphids, leafhoppers, planthoppers, thrips, whiteflies, etc and accounted for a worldwide turnover of approx. 1.7 billion US $. Despite several reports across the globe, a few studies in India have documented the ill effects of neonicotinoids. These include, the case study on acute poisoning due to occupational exposure and several other studies discussing on method development studies for neonicotinoid residue analysis in various matrices Beyond this there were several anonymous reports and articles on social media and magazines quoting the ill effects of these pesticide residues particularly on honey bee population, in recent days. These were reported based on the critical reviews done elsewhere and have unanimously warranted further investigations on its toxicological effects on various biotic and abiotic components. Methods: In line with the above context a detailed investigation has been carried out to know the possible environmental and ecological impacts in the agricultural regions of Salem District. These investigations include the assessment of market potential, usage pattern, indiscriminate use, ecological and health impacts of commercial neonicotinoids. The study revealed that the Salem district serves as a huge marketing hub with high sales potential. The survey studies revels the indiscriminate usage pattern of nieonicotinoids especially, Imidacloprid, Acetamprid, Thiomethoxam, and Clothianidin. Prominent ecological impacts were observed in soil quality, and in nontargeted invertebrates. Besides health impacts of the pesticide sprayers were also documented. Conclusion: Neonicotinoid pesticides being intensively marketed and used in the study region, we could find significant harmful effects of these pesticides in almost all the environmental components. Hence the

46

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

observations highly warrant the monitoring and toxicity studies on these group of pesticides to establish safety limit guidelines in Indian context.

PP 0141/BEHSD- 165

Bisphenol-A aggravates redox imbalance, inflammation and invokes apoptosis in primary rat hepatocytes: A comparative study for safer alternatives Sumit K Anand1, 2, Ankita Sharma1, Neha Singh1, 2 and Poonam Kakkar1, 2 1Herbal Research Laboratory, 2Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India -226001, India

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA), a potent endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), is used extensively in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Its exposure can be through food containers, water bottles, dental sealants and many other sources. It has been linked to different metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes and hepatic disturbances. Its replacement by its congeners Bisphenol-S (BPS) and Bisphenol-F (BPF) is being extensively explored. Aims: A comparative study of Bisphenols in causing redox imbalance, inflammation and apoptosis was performed on cultured primary rat hepatocytes. Methodology/Principal Findings: The cytotoxicity data (MTT) revealed BPA has higher cytotoxic potential as compared to its congeners. In conjunction, BPA also posed a higher risk of intracellular ROS generation as assessed by fluoroprobe DHE and DCF-DA. Increased cellular and mitochondrial ROS (assessed by mitosox) levels leads to oxidative stress in the cellular milieu. Study also showed enhanced depolarisation of mitochondria as compared to BPS and BPF treated cells. Immunobloting analysis showed enhanced expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and Cox-2) and pro-apoptotic proteins (p53, Bak, Bax) while significant decrease in anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) in BPA treated cells compared to BPS and BPF treated cells. Enhanced expression levels of cleaved PARP and increase in micronuclei formation indicated their genotoxic potential. Further, immunocytochemistry analysis of p53, Bax and Bcl-2 confirmed induction of apoptosis in treated primary rat hepatocytes. Conclusions/Significance: These findings suggest that BPS and BPF in comparison to BPA cause less ROS generation and perturbations of proteins critical in the pathway of apoptotic cell death.

PP 015/BEHSD- 173

Screening and identification of organophosphate compounds against hybrid ORF constructed for degradation of toxic compounds

Garima Awasthi,* Ruchi Yadav and Prachi Srivastava Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, U.P., India

Organophosphates cause toxicity and have deleterious effects on human health. Degradation of organophosphate compound is very challenging, as there are various forms and functional groups. Biodegradation is promising tool for the wide range of organophosphates. Many genes are reported for biodegradation of organophosphates. Hybrid gene sequence was designed by screening genes from various microorganisms responsible for organophosphate degradation. Hybrid ORF protein was constructed by multi template homology modeling method by using Schrödinger software suit and structure verification is done using Ramachandran plot. Interaction of organophosphate compounds with hybrid ORF is done using glide dock. Ten (Acephate, Bromofos, Chlorphoxim, Chloropyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-methyl, Diazinon, Fonofos, Malathion, Monocrotophos and Parathion-methyl) different highly toxic organophosphates were selected for docking to analyze binding efficiency of organophosphate compounds with modeled hybrid protein. Docking analysis shows that Acephate have strong interaction with glide score -5.987 and Malathion has lowest interaction with glide score -4.01. Other organophosphate compounds were showing interaction in form of hydrogen bonds (acephate, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorphoxim, chloropyrifos and diazinon) and Pi-Pi staking (tyrosine, tryptophan, Phenylalanine and histidine) with designed hybrid ORF protein. Potentiality of this insilico work signifies that the wide range of organophosphate compounds can be degraded by designed hybrid protein. Further many toxic compounds like dyes, drugs, aliphatic and aromatic compounds can be studied against hybrid protein. To extend this work wet laboratory verification is to be done through fermentation technique using cloned microorganism.

PP 016/BEHSD- 181

47

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Uptake of xenobiotic azo dye reactive red 120 by hairy roots of Helianthus annuus with concomitant production of high-value anti-oxidants

Chitra Srikantan, GK Suraishkumar and Smita Srivastava Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai – 600 036, India

Hairy roots have been used as a model system to study the phytoremediation of xenobiotic dyes which are present in the textile industry effluent. Hairy root culture of H. annuus was used as model system to study the role of enzymatic (ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate, glutathione and alpha tocopherol) in the enhanced uptake of reactive red 120 (xenobiotic azo dye) in H. annuus plant cells. The effect of various physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, biomass, rpm and light intensity) involved in the uptake of dye by the roots were also studied. The removal of dye by hairy roots inoculated in a domestic water effluent, synthetic textile effluent and real textile effluent (collected from dyeing units) was also investigated. The overall removal and associated antioxidant activity in the hairy roots was found to increase up to 2 fold in the domestic water and synthetic effluent. As the dye causes stress to the hairy root system, the enhanced antioxidants help in combating the stress and thereby enhancing the dye uptake. Based on the results, the hairy roots of H. annuus can be used for concomitant production of high-value antioxidants (like alpha-tocopherol) in the biomass with simultaneous uptake of the azo dye from the dye-industry effluent, as a tertiary treatment and waste to wealth generation method.

PP 017/BEHSD- 184

Characterization and Optimization of Biosurfactant Production for Enhanced Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation

Madhurya Ray, Vipin Kumar* and Chiranjib Banerjee Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India

Background: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are organic compounds composed of several aromatic rings. These are the main components of crude oil. Crude oil is toxic for the surrounding eco-system and its contamination is prevalent in marine environments due to oil spills and near oil drilling sites. Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds that have the ability to enhance surface properties of fluids and reduce their surface tension. This attribute of biosurfactants can be utilised for the optimal degradation of Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Aim: To Characterize And Optimize The Biosurfactant Produced By Bacterial Strains For Enhanced Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation. Method: Qualitative and quantitative characterization of crude oil can be done by GC-MS, FTIR-spectroscopy and SEM Analysis along with tests for cytotoxicity. Optimization of Biosurfactant production can be done by various methods like co-culturing of bacterial species, modification of nitrogen and carbon composition of the culture broth and altering the temperature and salinity conditions. Results: After enhancement of culture conditions, several species of bacteria like Bacillus licheniformis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been found to give desirable outcomes. Several low-cost sources of nutrients have also been discovered. Discussion: Although Biosurfactants provide various advantages over chemical surfactants, they are presently not in predominant use due to their high cost of production and maintenance. This can be overcome with optimization of Biosurfactant production of bacteria for large-scale generation. Conclusion: Optimization of biosurfactant production can lead to cost-effective and large scale commercial production of Biosurfactants. This is highly desirable since synthetic and chemical surfactants take a long time to degrade and are toxic in nature.

PP 018/BEHSD- 196

Ultrastructural changes in the ovaries of the Oriental latrine fly, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) induced by Deltamethrin

Ritika Gupta and Mohammad Amir* Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

48

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Background: Chrysomya megacephala is commonly known as Oriental blow fly, classified under the important family Calliphoridae. It is forensically important fly as it is the foremost species to inhabit the corpse and thus determines the post mortem interval (PMI) and is medically important as it causes accidental myiasis and is the carrier of various pathogens, infectious to the humans. Aim: To study the effect of deltamethrin on the ovaries of Chrysomya megacephala. Methods: Flies were collected and then treated with the Deltamethrin (0.0005%, 0.001%, 0.005%). Control as well treated flies were dissected under dissecting microscope in Ringer’s solution. Further protocol was followed for the SEM preparation as per the Dallai et al. (1996). Results and Discussion The well-developed epithelium and the smooth surface of an untreated ovary were totally distorted and gave an altogether a new architecture imparting distinct morphological characters i.e. the cuticular folding, disrupted and ruptured epithelium, shrinkage in overall structure and ruffled membrane. Present work has been compared with the histological studies done by other researchers, such as, in Dysdercus cingulatus treated with metepa and apholate (Jalaja and Prabhu, 1976) and in Chrysomya megacephala (Siriwattanararungsee et al., 2008). Conclusion: Deltamethrin can be used for controlling the fly population which is less hazardous to the environment and mankind.

PP 019/BEHSD- 198

A chemical approach in sustaining the Cotton plants from Red Cotton Stainer, Dysdercus koenigii (Fabricus) (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae)

Samar Mahmood Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India

Red cotton stainer, Dysdercus koenigii is a serious pest of cotton crops which on high infestation leads to the downfall of whole crop at once. The infestation may cause warts on the internal carpel wall of cotton boll, severe lint staining, lint locks, and lint lesions leading to the decrease in the economic value of cotton on a commercial scale. This study includes a chemical approach to tackle this problem at farmers level. The insecticide chlorpyrifos is an organochloride which when applied in the fields can be introduced into the biological systems of these insects via feed. This study was performed in the laboratory conditions where insects were cultured in a glass jar and insecticide in concentration 0.05% and 0.1% was given in feed. These insects were dissected to prepare their reproductive organs for histological studies in controlled and treated conditions. The histological sections of treated ovaries show reduction in the amount of yolk leading to vacuolization and resorption of yolk whereas in testes spermatozoa were either assembled in irregular groups or adhered to each other. At high concentration (0.1%), the sperms were disrupted altogether. The damage in these organs were found directly related to concentration of chlorpyrifos and hence it can be used to demote the pest infestation in cultivated areas.

PP 020/BEHSD- 202

Potential use of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for endosulfan degradation

* Rupa Rani, Vipin Kumar , Pratishtha Gupta and Avantika Chandra

Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad-826 004, Jharkhand, India

Background: Endosulfan is one of the most extensively applied organochlorine pesticide. It is used worldwide in agriculture for protection of various types of fruits, cotton, vegetables, tea, and sugarcane. Due to its persistence and toxicity, its use has been banned in many countries since 2011. Residues of endosulfan has been found in soil, water and air. Aim: The potential use of plants and associated microorganisms for remediating soil contaminated with endosulfan has been investigated. Methods: The bacterial strains were isolated by soil enrichment with endosulfan followed by shake flask enrichment in non-sulfur medium broth. A pot experiment was performed using Helianthus annuus (sunflower) and isolated bacterial strain. Endosulfan residues from plant tissues and soil were extracted and estimated by a gas chromatograph equipped with electron capture detector.

49

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Results: Maximum endosulfan (92%) degradation was observed in planted soil inoculated with bacterial strains as compared to uninoculated soil. Furthermore, there was significantly less endosulfan accumulation in roots and shoots of inoculated plants as compared to uninoculated plants were observed. Discussion: The results showed the effectiveness of inoculated endosulfan tolerant bacterial strains to increase the remediation of endosulfan contaminated soil. Conclusion: It is concluded that plant bacteria partnership is a novel approach for remediation of endosulfan contaminated soil.

PP 108 /BEHSD- 214

In-silico studies of marine Exiguobacterium sp. Proteases

Nitin and Sunil Kumar Khare * Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Lab, Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi -110 016, India

Background: Proteases are basic enzymes for sustaining any microbial cells. A marine bacteria Exiguobacterium sp. has been isolated from the Pichavaram estuary of Tamil Nadu, India. The Exiguobacterium sp. is classified as low GC phyla of Firmicutes. They have the ability to survive from hot spring to permafrost, as well as in halophilic environment. This makes them an interesting polyextremophilic system to study. Proteases are one of their key enzymes enabling basic metabolisms and adaptive sustainability under extreme conditions. Aim: The present work investigates nucleotide sequences of proteases in the genome of Exiguobacterium sp. The information can be utilized to generate primers for overexpression and other bioinformatics data to understand their adaptability. Methods: The NCBI database was used to retrieve the nucleotide sequences of Exiguobacterium sp. The sequences were aligned through T-COFFEE multiple sequence alignment tool. The resultant data was segregated into discrete groups of proteases. Primer blast tool was used to generate the optimized primers. Other genomic and proteomic information were also determined. Result and Discussion: The study declares the presence of 11 different nucleotide sequences, coding for unique proteases, in the genome of Exiguobacterium sp. These were found to be involved in various stress related metabolic functions of the organism. Conclusion: The different protease coding sequences can be utilized to generate nucleotide primers. The conserved sequences and protein structure of Exiguobacterium sp. related proteases are deciphered.

PP 021/BEHSD- 219

Understanding the mechanism of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Antimicrobial Property and determining its toxicity potential in humans

Aakriti Gupta1, Shraddha Pandit1, Abhay Singh2, Preeti Chaturvedi1 and R. Parthasarathi1 Centre for Innovation and Translational Research (CITAR) 1Computational Toxicology Facility, Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India 2BactiBarrier, India LIC New Delhi

Background: Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are the most common class of cationic surfactants used as biological stains, hard surface cleaners and deodorizers. Being active anti-microbial agents, they can lead to antibiotic resistance and can often pose high toxic risks as they can reach inside body through environmental exposure. Aim: This study aims to find potentially safe/toxic QACs using in silico toxicity prediction methods and to identify alternatives by safe-by-design approach to chemical QACs. Methods: Seventy commonly available QACs compounds were selected from literature. According to ICHM7 guidelines, these selected chemicals were screened and predicted for mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, developmental toxicity using in silico tools (Toxtree, LAZAR, Derek Nexus, Sarah Nexus and TOPKAT). Analyses were performed using combinational strategy and statistical analysis and further validated by majority rule consensus modeling. Results & Discussion: Among the selected genotoxicity predictive tools, Toxtree show best predicting model for genotoxicity of these QACs compounds. According to the predictive trend, 7 chemicals out of 70 compounds

50

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

are predicted as both carcinogen and mutagens. TOPKAT prediction for the developmental toxicity indicating 29 chemicals are potentially toxic. A good correlation is observed between the toxicity data available for these compounds in literature and the predicted results. Conclusion: Consensus predictions emerge to be more beneficial than the utilization of just a single in silico models, which has validated the results in a good agreement with the experimental data available for the QACs. Moreover, the toxic impact caused by QACs on various environmental level can be reduce by using potentially safer to use surfactants highlighted in the current study.

PP 022/BEHSD- 220

Computational characterization and designing of poly (ethylene terephthalate) degrading enzyme

Meetali Sinha, Prakrity Singh and R. Parthasarathi* Computational Toxicology Facility, Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India;

Background: Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is an extensively used polyester for packaging and textiles but its accumulation in the environment has raised a global concern. Recently, it is demonstrated that PETase and mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid (MHET) digesting enzyme (MHETase) of bacterial species Ideonella sakaiensis are involved in the degradation of PET. Structural and functional aspects of PETase on converting PET to mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid and secondary products are reported. Complete degradation of PET in complex with PETase and MHETase is not efficient for large-scale purpose. Hence, structure/function relationships of both these enzyme might provide advance enzyme engineering to develop effective degradation of PET for remediation. Aim: In this work, we aimed to elucidate a molecular level understanding of MHEtase enzyme catalysis and substrate specificity using computational approaches. Methods: Sequence analysis is performed to probe the recognition of primary, secondary, and tertiary structural features from the amino acid sequence of MHETase. The catalytic activity of MHETase is investigated using docking and molecular dynamics simulations of the enzyme with the monomer MHET and other secondary products. Results: MHEtase enzyme is composed of 603 amino acids (UniProtKB: A0A0K8P8E7.1). The main secondary structure elements such as α-helices (28.69%) and extended strands (21.63%) is identified. Using an automated threading modelling server, the tertiary structure of MHETase is predicted and further validated. The LG score (4.479) and Max-Sub score (0.054) obtained by ProQ server revealed that the developed model is perfect. The catalytic activity of MHETase and structure-function relationship is assessed by the quantitative binding of the enzyme with MHET. Conclusion: The current study could be aid in investigation of the possible role of MHETase enzyme, and elucidate structural insights into the mechanism of complete biodegradation of secondary products of PET.

PP 023/BEHSD- 227

Characterization of multidrug resistant bacteria from surface water and their mechanisms of actions

Preeti Chaturvedi* and Deepshi Chaurasia Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226 001, India

Excessive use of antibiotics in the recent years has resulted in the emergence of drug resistance problem globally. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics have accelerated the antibiotic resistance threat in environment through various mechanisms such as plasmids, transposons, efflux pumps, membrane permeability, enzymatic drug modification, target modification, horizontal gene transfer. A total 163 nos. of different bacterial isolates (53.98% gram negative, 46.01% gram positive) were isolated from the surface water of major pan Indian rivers (Ganga, Kaveri, Gomti and Narmada) that showed resistance against drugs belonging to classes: sulfonamides, glycopeptides, chloramphenicol, quinolones and penicillin. Overall, the genotypic analysis revealed prevalence ofdfrA1, dfrA12, vanB, sul1 and sul2 antibiotic resistance genes. As seen in our study the efflux mechanism detected belongs to acrB (63.33%) (RND class), norA (15%) and norB (21.66%) (MFS class). Integrons are mobile genetic elements that disseminate the antibiotic resistance gene; Int-1(40.38%) and Int-2(59.61%) were prevalent in isolates from major Indian rivers.

51

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

PP 024/BEHSD- 231

Sequence analysis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with next generation data to establish it as an alternative source of biodegradation

Prachi Srivastava AMITY Institute of Biotechnology, AMITY University Lucknow campus, Lucknow-226 028 India

Pesticides play a major role in agricultural aspects in developing country but despite of their use they show lots of detrimental effects specially organophosphate and carbamate. They are creating a continuous deleterious effects not only on soil but also on human health. Exposure to pesticide causes range of health problems degenerative to developmental. Pesticide degradation has been the major concern of issue for these days, though there are many chemical treatments are preferred but they are not as economical and safe as a way of biodegradation. Biodegradation is one of the safest, environment friendly and economical methods for pesticide degradation. Degradation by microorganism is the efficient way and so for identification of novel or similar genes in other cheap and eco friendly species that are responsible for pesticide degradation is continuously required. In extension to search of some better alternatives in current work insilico approaches based on alignment process is used. Mega blast, clustalw2 (multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis) and BLAST-N tools were used to find out the similarity indexes in genes. In extension to preliminary next generation data analysis was done with set of available genomes of different species. Data for analysis was taken by SRA DB. Genome BLAST was performed for identifying the organophosphate and carbamate degrading genes against the genome of various species like Aspergillus niger, C.elegence, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Ryegrass, Sorghum, Asparagus. It was found that many Organophosphates and Carbamate degradable genes of microbes show good similarity with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Four genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii(AF107302,XO2347,U57326,Z238069) are showing good similarity indexes with Acromobacter(AF160188),Pseudomonas peutida (KC189957), Stenotrophomonas sp,( DQ677027), Flavobacterium(M22863) well reported species for biodegradation. Through this preliminary analysis we tried to impeccably sail through the data deluge and extracted the biological information which provided strong evidence for the role of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in bioremediation. Hence, comprehensively it can be stated that this initial analysis will definitely be very fruitful in exploring out a powerful, economical and green method for cleaning our fields from toxic pesticides.

PP 105/BEHSD- 161

Degradation of crude oil and simultaneous production of biosurfactant

Rupshikha Patowary1, Mohan Chandra Kalita2 and Suresh Deka1, 1Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology (IASST), Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati 781 035, Assam, India; 2 Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014

Background: Oil pollution is one of the most prime causes of environmental pollution. Bioremediation is a most cost effective and green technology but is a slow due to poor bioavailability of oil pollutants. Biosurfactant are microbial metabolites that increases the bioavailability of such components. Aim: To degrade crude oil by bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa SR17 and evaluate biosurfactant production during the degradation process. Methods: Mineral salt medium (MSM) was prepared where 2% crude oil was added as carbon source and 100 ml of it were added in 500 ml flasks. The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosaSR17 was added into the media and the flasks were incubated at 35 º C for 5 weeks. Gravimetric analysis of the crude oil was done every week and GC-MS was performed to investigate the degradation. The production of biosurfactant was investigated and the biosurfactant produced was extracted and characterized.

52

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Results: Degradation of 82% was achieved after five weeks of incubation. GC-MS confirmed degradation of crude oil as several peaks disappeared and intensities were also reduced for certain components. Several degradation intermediates were also detected. Biosurfactant was detected to be produced by the bacterium during the degradation process. The biosurfactant was characterized to be glycolipid in nature. Discussion: The bacterium efficiently led to degradation of crude oil. It could also produce biosurfactant during the degradation process which is a favorable phenomenon as biosurfactants are known to enhance 1degradation of oil contaminants. Conclusion: Thus, the bacterium can be utilized as a potential candidate in bioremediation of oil contamination. Keywords: Crude oil; bioremediation; Pseudomonas aeruginosa SR17; biosurfactant.

PP 109 /BEHSD- 228

Drosophila ecdysone receptor based ex vivo assay for the evaluation of endocrine disruption in insect pollinators

Snigdha Gupta1,2, Anuj Kumar Pandey1,#, K. Ravi Ram 1,2 1Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow- 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India1; 2Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow

Background: An alarming decrease in abundance and diversity of pollinators, in part due to man-made chemicals, threatens both agricultural output and the ecosystem. However, there are no available tools/assays to predict the same. Our lab had earlier reported the role for Ecdysone receptor (EcR) in Drosophila male fertility. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that translation of this knowledge into an assay platform would facilitate throughput assessment of xenobiotic mediated risk to insect pollinators. Aim: Development of Ecdysone receptor based ex vivo assay to predict chemical mediated endocrine disruption for insect pollinators using an insect model, Drosophila melanogaster Methods: Using transgenic males carrying β-galactosidase (LacZ) down-stream of Ecdysone response element (EcRE), an ex vivo assay was developed and tested with multiple chemicals. Subsequent validation involved in vivo fertility measurements of exposed organisms. Results: Subsequent to dose-response curve for EcR activity against different concentrations of 20-OH- ecdysone under ex vivo conditions, it was observed that Bisphenol A, Cypermethrin and Imidacloprid act as EcR agonists while Apigenin antagonizes the EcR activity. Discussion: The agonistic and antagonistic trends observed for various chemicals in the study are consistent with earlier reports. Potential ramifications of these findings to insect pollinators will be discussed. Conclusion: The study provided a molecular handle to decipher the mechanisms underlying chemical mediated endocrine disruption in lower organisms. The developed ex vivo assay offers a quick Drosophila-based screening tool with scalable architecture for throughput monitoring of environmental chemicals for their ability to hamper the endocrine function of insect pollinators and lower organisms.

PP 110 /BEHSD- 247

Arsenic and imprint disruption: Mechanisms and markers for risk assessment Sukhveer Singh1, Vineeta Sharma1, Sidhhartha Gangopadhya1, Vikas Srivastava1,* 1Developmental Toxicology laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Vishvigyan Bhavan, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Background: Arsenic has been a serious human health concern throughout the world. Exposure to arsenic occurs primarily through contaminated drinking water. Previous studies suggest that exposure to high levels of arsenic is associated with several diseases including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and cancers of the skin, lung, bladder, kidney, and liver. Epigenetic imprints are highly susceptible to arsenic exposure particularly during

53

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

gestational stage. The effect of these disruptions could be the reason for some of the adult onset disorders observed in people of arsenic affected areas. Aim: To assess the effect of arsenic on imprint changes and their use as markers to predict the risk of adult onset skin cancers. Measure the expression profile of imprinted genes. Assess the value of these changes for prediction of adult onset health risk. Methods: Expression profiling of imprinted genes in arsenic exposed animals was done. RNA was isolated from skin of new born pups at day 2 and used for cDNA synthesis and expression profiling of imprinted genes by Real time PCR. Relative quantification of genes was done using internal controls. Assessment of their association with accelerated skin cancer was studied in a two stage model of skin carcinogenesis (DMBA-TPA model). Association between gene expression and tumor incidence will be studied to assess the significance of imprinted genes for predicting skin cancer risk in exposed population. Results: We found significant change in the expression of TP73, IGF2 and H19 imprinted genes. Detailed results will be discussed during Poster Presentation. Conclusion: Changes in gene imprints are heritable and can have lifelong effect on disease progression. Our study will find gene imprints which can be predictors of adult onset skin cancer risk in arsenic exposed population.

54

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Abstracts of Poster Presentations - Industrial Bioprocesses and Products

55

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

PP 025/BEHSD- 101

Tar free gas generation with multistage gasification: A design conceptualization and its equilibrium analysis

Pavan V Kashyapa, Rose Havilah Pullab,*, M Gopinathc, Sunita Varjanid, # a Department of Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; b Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; cDepartment of Biotechnology, Selvam College of Technology, Salem Road (NH-7), Pappinaickenpatti (Post), Namakkal - 637003, Tamil Nadu; d Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Sector-10A, Gandhinagar, 382 010, Gujarat, India

Biomass is a very diffuse feedstock which reduces the dependency on any geographic region, providing for nations to achieve energy security in addition to achieving carbon neutrality in terms of harvesting of energy. Despite such advantages bioenergy/biomass derived energy by means of gasification is yet to make an impact in the energy production scenario due to inherent difficulties such as low calorific value of gases, higher impurity contents (tar) etc. The present research aims at tackling these deficiencies with a novel new methodology to overcome these drawbacks by way of a multistage gasification in combination with combustion. The paper details the conceptualization of the design and its subsequent analysis by means of the Gibbs free energy method which allows for a simple methodology for analysis yet providing meaningful insights into the workings of the process. Two representative biomass feed stocks are analyzed to study the impact of feed moisture and carbon to biomass ratio in the gasification reaction and output in terms of not only the major products such as CO2, CO and H2 but also some of the trace compounds such as H2S, NH3 and light and aromatic hydrocarbons such as C2H2, C2H4, benzene etc. The results of the analysis indicate that the design ensures steady output of gas with a calculated HHV in the range of 5-6MJ/Nm3 for air gasification with minimum impact of feed moisture and the carbon to biomass ratio.

PP 026/BEHSD- 112

Continuous production of α- keto acid by gelatin immobilized cells of Trigonopsis variabilis in a packed bed reactor

Neeraj Gupta1* Jyoti Gupta2 Ashish3, Siddharth Vats4and M Debnath5 1,4Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Sri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow-Deva Road, Barabanki, UP, India; 2Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India; 3,5School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, UP, India

D-amino acid oxidase is an industrially important enzyme, catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-amino acids to their corresponding α-keto acids which is the main compound used for treatment of chronic uremia. The present work involves the continuous production of α-keto-γ- methiol-butyric acid (keto acid of D-methionine) in a packed bed reactor by using gelatin immobilized permeabilyzed cells of Trigonopsis variabilis containing D-amino acid oxidase. The acidic nature of α-keto acids has an inhibitory effect on the enzyme and so the continuous system of production is a better choice. To overcome this problem, permeabilyzed cells of Trigonopsis variabilis containing D-amino acid oxidase was physically entrapped on gelatin beds. Kinetic quantities Vmax and Km values were calculated for both native and immobilized enzyme. The immobilized enzyme was packed in the column reactor to study the maximum capacity of the reactor in diffusion free condition by varying flow rate and different substrate mass fraction. This study is very useful and applicable to the industry for the conversion of D-methionine to α-keto-γ- methiol-butyric acid.

PP 027/BEHSD- 117

56

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Biodegradation of PAH by immobilized Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes NRSS3 in a packed bed bioreactor and analysis of external mass transfer correlation

Ravi Kumar Sonwani, Balendu Shekhar Giri, Tapas Das, Ram Sharan Singh, Birendra Nath Rai* Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered as precedence organic pollutants since they are inimical to organisms and classified as precarious pollutants because of their adverse effects on human health and environment (Sonwani et al., 2018; Pugazhendi et al., 2017; Reddy et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2018). These pollutants are released from petroleum refinery effluents, fossil fuel combustion and listed as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (Silva et al., 2018). Aim: The main objective of this study was to analyze the effects of the external mass transfer on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation. The external mass transfer was correlated with the Reynolds number (Re) and Colburn factor (JD) as . Materials and Methods: These involve the isolation of effective microorganism, experimental set up of PBBR, Immobilization, and operation of PBBR and analysis of samples by HPLC, GC-MS, and SEM. Results and Discussion: The most effective bacterial sp. was isolated from petroleum contaminated soil and identified by 16S-rRNA technique. More than 90% removal of PAH was obtained in the PBBR. The plot between ln km vs ln G for determination of N and n is presented in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. The plot between ln km vs ln G for determination of N and n

Conclusion: The management of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is facing a lot of challenge over worldwide; so, the implication of the proposed model could be a better option for continuous treatment of effluent.

PP 028/BEHSD- 125

Production and structural characterization of a rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced utilising Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) as a cost effective substrate

Siddhartha Narayan Borah1*, Suparna Sen2, Kannan Pakshirajan1, Suresh Deka2 1Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India; 2Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Resource Management and Environment Section, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Gorchuk, Guwahati – 781035, Assam, India

57

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Background: Application of biosurfactant is restricted as the production process is not economical compared to that of the synthetic surfactants. This can be explained mainly due to the use of high-priced substrates, relatively low product-yields, and expensive downstream-processing. Aim: The present study was undertaken to study the applicability of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS), a by-product of the ethanol industry produced by the fermentation of rice, as a cost effective substrate to produce rhamnolipid (RL) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa SS14. Methods: Production kinetics, compositional analyses with FT-IR, GC-MS, LC-MS of the RL produced utilising DDGS were studied along with its other physico-chemical properties. Results: Highest yield of the RL was observed after 48 h of culture at 35 °C (14.48 g/L) with ST reduction of the culture medium from 70.2 to 36.5 mN/m. CMC value was recorded at 100 mg/L with 90% emulsification of crude oil. The RL was also highly stable at different temperature, salinity, and pH values. Compositional analyses of the RL revealed that it was a mixture of both mono and di-rhamnolipidic congeners. Rha-C10:2 was found to be the predominant congener. Discussion: Low cost substrates greatly help in lowering the production cost of RL making them challenging targets for commercial production and application in various sectors. The various analytical techniques used confirmed the ability of the P. aeruginosa SS14 to utilize DDGS for RL production. Conclusion: The results shows that rice based DDGS can be used a substrate for cost effective production of RL.

PP 029/BEHSD- 134

Response surface optimization of pullulan production from de-oiled rice bran extract by Aureobasidium pullulans

R. S. Singh* and Navpreet Kaur Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147 002, India

Background: Pullulan is a natural linear glucan with unique properties and possesses potential applications in food and pharmaceuticals. Owing to the distinctive properties, the demand of pullulan is increasing day by day, but the commercial production cost of pullulan is quite high due to use of synthetic media components i.e. carbon and nitrogen supplements. However, the synthetic media supplements can be replaced with agro- industrial waste which is rich in essential nutrients. The rice milling produces rice bran as major waste and further extraction of crude oil from it generates de-oiled rice bran as complete waste. Aim: The present investigation was aimed to optimize the de-oiled rice bran extract based medium for pullulan production by Aureobasidium pullulans in shake-flask fermentations. Methods: Response surface methodology, central composite rotatable design, was employed for medium optimization with five variable factors and two responses were evaluated afterwards. Results & Discussion: The two-level central composite design was used to obtain optimal production media composition i.e. extract sugars (3.88%, w/v), yeast extract (0.24%, w/v), (NH4)2SO4 (0.06%, w/v), K2HPO4 (0.57%, w/v) and pH (5.22). The analysis of variance by design expert software suggested the significance of generated model. The experimental and predicted values of the design were in a good agreement for both responses. The coefficient of determination for pullulan production (0.99) and biomass yield (0.99) was close to 1.0. The lack of fit for both response variables was found non-significant, which shows the fitness of polynomial quadratic model. The structure of pullulan was confirmed by spectral attributes i.e. FTIR and NMR. The submerged fermentation of A. pullulans in optimized de-oiled rice bran extract based medium enhanced the pullulan production (5.48%, w/v) and biomass yield (0.88 OD at 600 nm/100D). Conclusion: De-oiled rice bran extract can be used as a potential substrate for cost-effective pullulan production.

PP 030/BEHSD- 140

External supplement of impulsive micromanager Trichoderma helps in combating CO2 stress in rice grown under FACE

Aradhana Mishra, Satyendra Pratap Singh, Sahil Mahfooz, Richa Shukla, Nishtha Mishra, Shipra Pandey, Sanjay Dwivedi, Vivek Pandey, Pramod Arvind Shirke CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India

Background-In the past decade, the contribution of global atmospheric CO2 from the rice field has increased by 20 to 30%. This has led to reduction in nutritional value of rice. A reliable biological tool is the needed to enhance the nutritional value of grains through proper nutrient cycling during elevated CO2 condition.

58

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Aim- The present study aims to explore the alternative way to improve the nutrient quality and productivity of rice grown under elevated CO2 conditions through an external supplement of Trichoderma as a biofertilizer (BF). Methods- An experimental set up Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) was used for rice varieties (Heena and Kiran) cultivation at CSIR-NBRI Lucknow. The impact was observed by physical and physiological parameters, changes in anatomy, microbial community profiling and expression of stress responsive genes. Results- The adverse effect of elevated CO2 on yielding attributes of rice varieties was reduced in presence of BF. At physiological level BF helps in ameliorating stress by increasing number and rigidity of conducting tissues, decrease stomatal conductance, increasing photosynthetic and transpiration rate. Stress responsive genes also showed an increase in their mRNA transcripts under elevated CO2 condition. Discussion- Trichoderma ressei increased root growth which signifies its role in nutrient and water uptake during elevated CO2 condition. The disturbed nutrient cycling might have been maintained by T. ressei through significant change in the microbial diversity. Conclusion - Trichoderma ressei efficiently reduces the impact generated by elevated CO2 on plant through diverse stresses amelioration approaches.

PP 031/BEHSD- 145

Characteristic optimization of biomass estimation using the growth technique of water vapor droplets in SSF

Vidhu Agarwal, Akhilesh Tiwari and Pritish Varadwaj 1Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Deoghat, Jhalwa, Allahabad 211015, UP, India

Estimation of biomass and the growth of water droplets on a flat plate condensation in solid state fermenters could aid in optimization of physical parameters that can result in enhancement of the yield of product inside solid state fermenter and it’s up-scaling. The estimation of biomass has several techniques, which could be replaced by digital image processing, and it may be more useful because of the non-interfering substrate beds. Conditions like heat and mass transfer, temperature and water activity could be estimated and optimized inside the fermenter by taking the images of the condensation plate of the fermenter that will help us to know about the amount of water present on the condensation plate. This condensation plate could be mimicked with the help of a Peltier module which will help to condense water droplets like the condensation plate for experimenting the image processing and quantification of water droplets using image processing tools in MATLAB. Finally, statistical analysis was done for analyzing the results of water droplets estimated by digital image processing as compared to the mass of water droplets taken from a weighting balance using ANOVA test which is statistically significant as the p-value is less that 0.05.

PP 032/BEHSD- 168

Sustainable production of camptothecin from a fungal endophyte of Nothapodytes nimmoniana

Khwajah Mohinudeen and Smita Srivastava* Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, India

Endophytes, the microorganisms that reside within plants, have the ability to produce plant based metabolites. Scientists around the world are trying to explore if microbial endophytes can be sustainable production platforms for commercial production of high-value phytochemicals, especially those which are associated with endangered plants. Camptothecin, the third most demanding alkaloid, is also commercially extracted from plants. Hence, our research aims at establishing a sustainable and high camptothecin yielding endophytic strain from the endangered plant Nothapodytes nimmoniana. Different plant parts (leaf, petiole, stem and bark) of Nothapodytes nimmoniana were surface sterilized with 1% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite and 70% (v/v) ethanol and incubated at 28 °C for 7 days on potato dextrose agar medium. A total of 132 strains were isolated, out of which 94 were camptothecin producing. Six different high camptothecin yielding strains of endophytes were further selected and the presence of camptothecin in the extracts was confirmed using tandem mass spectrometry. An intact mass peak of 349.12 (m/z) which upon fragmentation showed a fragmented mass of 305 (m/z) confirmed the presence of camptothecin in the extracts of all the six strains. The strains were then characterized by ITS sequencing method. ITS1 and ITS4 primers were used to amplify the conserved regions of 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNA genes to identify the fungal species.

59

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Two fungal strains, Alternaria tenuissima P4-6-PE2 and Alternaria arborescens P4-4-LE2 have shown camptothecin yield of 426.7±47.4 µg/g and 403.3±58.7 µg/g, respectively. In a product yield attenuation study, Alternaria arborescens P4-4-LE2 strain could sustain camptothecin production up to 236.3±21 μg/g in suspension till 7th generation (subculture cycle) of the stock culture, maintained as fresh slants. This strain will be further used to develop an optimized bioprocess in suspension culture to achieve maximum productivity of camptothecin.

PP 033/BEHSD- 169

PCR amplification of xylanase genes from different Aspergillus strains

Deepsikha Anand, Mohd Shahab, Sangeeta Yadav and Dinesh Yadav* Department of Biotechnology, D.D.U Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273 009, India

Xylanases represent a group of industrially important enzymes hydrolyzing xylan into xylooligosaccharides and mono-products, predominantly present in hemicellulosic plant cell wall. Genomic DNA isolation from fungal strains, quantitative and qualitative analysis of genomic DNA was performed by standard reported protocols. Primers specific to xylanase genes available in literature were synthesized, PCR standardization was performed based on Tm values of primers and products was analyzed on agarose gels. The expected size bands were gel eluted using commercial kits. A total of seven different fungal strains representing Aspergillus genera namely Aspergillus tubingensis MTCC1781, Aspergillus flavus MTCC10938, Aspergillus oryzae MTCC 6993, Aspergillus terreus MTCC 2580, Aspergillus versicolor MTCC 3071, Aspergillus niger MTCC 404 and Aspergillus fumigates MTCC 2584 was used in the present study. Since there exists multiple gene families for xylanases, there is possibility for existence of several genes in different species of Aspergillus and which may show variability also. Using gene specific primers and variable template DNAs, PCR amplification was carried out. In many case, single expected size bands was observed while in other multiple bands were observed. The expected size amplicons from different species of Aspergillus were gel eluted and analyzed on Agarose gel. A total of eight genes from different species of Aspergillus will be cloned in pGEMT-easy vector, sequenced and will be subjected to in-silico characterization.

PP 034/BEHSD- 172

Optimization of L-glutamic acid production using Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13059 by ANN and CCD-RSM

Kritika Pandey. Ashutosh Kumar Pandey and Lalit Kumar Singh* aDepartment of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Technology, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur – 208 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Due to huge demand of the Monosodium glutamate (MSG), the industrial production of L-glutamic acid is continuously increasing to meet the demand. Among all microbes used for commercial production of L-glutamic acid, the Corynebacterium glutamicum is the first choice. Majority of the production is done in submerged fermentation conditions in batch, fed batch and continuous mode with fed batch being the most accepted process commercially. Downstream processing usually employs techniques like centrifugation, filtration, ion exchange chromatography for the separation and recovery of the amino acid. Besides the research being done on novel processes to improve recovery aspects, metabolic engineering and rational designing are being studied for enhancing the L-glutamic acid production potential of the cells. The goal of this study was to increase L- glutamic acid production by Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13059 through optimization of the production parameters. Temperature, pH and Glucose Concentration were the key factors in the fermentation according to the results obtained from the central composite design (CCD) experimental design. The optimal concentration of the three factors was further investigated according to the CCD-RSM and ANN.

PP 035/BEHSD- 179

C, N and C/N modulations raised the lipid content, yield and coefficient in a unique oleaginous Deuteromycetes isolate - a putative nutritional candidate

Batul Diwan and Pratima Gupta

60

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur

Aim: The work aims to isolate and identify a potent oleaginous candidate, investigates enhancement of bioprocess parameters via carbon(C), nitrogen(N) and C/N optimization and eventually studies the lipid composition to provide complete overview of its possible future applicability. Methods: Eleven microbial strains were isolated from five different rotten fruits and subjected under nitrogen- deficient culture conditions to screen out one fungal isolate accumulating around 20% of its cell dry weight(CDW) as lipids. The oleaginous behaviour of the isolate was characterized with respect to key factors for oleaginous induction- C&N. Concentration of C-source was then varied maintaining minimal optimum N concentration to culture the isolate at diverse C/N(w/w) ratios. Results and discussion: The screened isolate NBT-1 was identified as deuteromycetes Geotricum candidum. 4.8g/l was found to be optimum nitrogen concentration while glucose was found to be the most effective carbon source in terms of biomass productivity and lipid content. Although at C/N-150/4.8 highest lipid content (73.6% CDW) and lipid yield (3 g/l) was obtained, higher production economy in terms of the substrate to product conversion ratio was at C/N-100/4.8 (lipid coefficient- 34.9g/100g sugar). Lipid profiling revealed the predominance of caprylic acid (CA) along with fractions of other essential saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion: In terms of lipid yield, C/N-150/4.8 seems optimal, however, in terms of lipid coefficient; C/N- 100/4.8 (54.4% of CDW content, 2g/l yield) can be opted for achieving efficient lipid conversion. The lipids were rich in CA- an increasingly renowned medium chain fatty acid having significant medical and dietetic applications.

PP 036/BEHSD- 182

Protein engineering and immobilization strategies to confer stability and recyclability to D-allulose 3- peimerase for D-allulose production

Satya Narayan Patel and Sudhir P. Singh* Center of Innovative and Applied Bio-processing, Sector 81, PO Manauli, SAS Nagar, Mohali-140 306, India

D-allulose (D-psicose) is a C3 epimer of D-fructose. It is a rare sugar having 70 % sweetness of sucrose but exhibits only 0.3% caloric value. It exerts several health benefits such as anti-oxidative, anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, anti-dyslipidemic, anti-diabetic and neuro-protective effects. It improves the texture of food materials with pleasant flavor through the maillard reaction. D-allulose is a “generally regarded as safe” (GRAS) molecule, as declared by the food drug administration (FDA). The chemical synthesis of D-allulose is very difficult. The enzyme, D-allulose 3-epimerase, to transform D-fructose to D-allulose has been identified from the limited sources of bacteria. Industrial production of D-allulose requires high thermal stability and recyclability of the biocatalyst. We have established that N-terminal fusion of yeast Smt3 can confer elevated optimal temperature and thermal stability to Agrobacterium tumefaciens D -allulose 3-epimerase. The modified D -psicose 3-epimerase conjugate system exhibited relatively better catalytic efficiency, higher turnover number and improved productivity in terms of space time yields. Covalent immobilization of Smt3-d-allulose 3- epimerase onto functionalized magnetic nanoparticles leading 4-5 fold enhancement in its half-life at 50–65 °C. The immobilized enzyme retained up to 90% of its initial activity even after 10 consecutive cycles of catalyzing D-fructose epimerization reactions. The free and immobilize Smt3-D-allulose epimerase system were used to bioprocess fructose containing feedstocks such as kinnow pomace and apple pomace wash, achieving the biosynthesis of D-allulose.

PP 037/BEHSD- 207

Engineering MEP Pathway in E. coli for overproduction of isoprene: An industrially important hydrocarbon

Gaurav Kant, Sakshi, Himanshu Shekhar, Manish P. Singh and Sameer Srivastava* Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India

Isoprene is a common organic compound produced and emitted by many species of tree, and it is the main component of natural rubber. Isoprene is an important feedstock in the synthetic chemical industry and used for the production of synthetic rubber, pesticides, synthetic oil additives and aviation fuel. A common precursor for isoprenoid compounds are synthesized by two pathways: 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) Pathway and Mevalonate (MVA) Pathway. Isoprene is synthesized in the chloroplasts of plants through the MEP pathway; however, isoprene is lost in the atmosphere and cannot be reaped. Metabolic pathway engineering of

61

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

microbe has been advocated to possess immense potential to produce industrially important isoprenoids. In this study, we are attempting to overexpress gene from MEP pathway crucial for accumulation of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) which could be eventually converted to isoprene by heterologous expression of Isoprene Synthase of Eucalyptus grandis in E. coli. Primer sets were designed to amplify Isopentenyl pyrophosphate Isomerase (IPP isomerase gene) and Deoxy Xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS gene) of MEP pathway using the gene sequence of E. coli str. K-12 (Accession No. NC_000913.3). The primer for isoprene synthase gene was also designed using the gene sequence of Eucalyptus grandis (Accession No. XM_018865326.1). A 1.8 kb DXS and 0.6 kb IPP isomerase genes were amplified using E. coli BL21 genomic DNA as a template. The amplified DXS gene and IPP isomerase was gel purified and cloned in InsT/A vector. IPP isomerase was subcloned in highly regulated expression vector pACY-Duet vector in orf1 and it was immobilized in E. coli BL21 (DE3) for overexpression. Attempts were made to clone DXS gene into pET30 vector as well. We hypothesize that overexpression of IPP, DXS and heterologous expression of isoprene synthase from E. grandis in BL21 (DE3) E. coli would ultimately result in overproduction of isoprene.

PP 038/BEHSD- 212

Immobilization and characterization of purified xylanase from B. amyloliquefacience

Jyoti Prakash*1Sharad Kumar1, 2 and Abhay Raj2 1Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow-226 028 India 2Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India

In the present study, we studied the production and immobilization xylanase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain SK-3. Isolate produced highest xylanase activity (50.2±1.8 IU/mol) at pH=8 and 40°C after 48 h incubation in presence of 1% wheat bran. Immobilization studies of purified xylanase showed that 3.0% sodium alginate and 0.2 M calcium chloride was found to be optimum. Characterization of immobilized beads by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (Fourier- transform infrared Spectroscopy) FTIR showed significant changes on the surface morphology and structure. The immobilization increases the time reaction for xylan degradation from 15-30 min and pH activity 8.0 to 9.0 whereas temperature 60-70°C with reference to free enzyme. After immobilization, thermostability of enzyme increased and retained more than 70% of its original activity after 5 h at 50°C as compared with free enzyme which showed only 20% of residual activity. Also, immobilized enzyme showed better storage stability and reusability. Overall performance of immobilized enzyme has attractive biochemical properties that make it a promising candidate for application in the kraft pulp pretreatment.

PP 039/BEHSD- 232

Quick and effective sample clean-up using CVD grown carbon nanofibers for multi-class pesticide residue analysis in high fat and low water commodities using QuEChERS

Minu Singh1, Anshuman Srivastava1, *Shiv Singh2, *Sheelendra Pratap Singh1, 3 1Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, 2Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, 3Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR- IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Carbon nanofibres (CNF) were grown by chemical vapor deposition method (CVD) on activated carbon fibers (ACFs) substrate and first time used for sample clean-up in quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method as a reverse dispersive solid phase extraction (r-DSPE) material. The catalyst used was Nickel (Ni) and acetylene as a carbon source to grow CNF on ACF during the CVD process. A multiresidue pesticide method is validated for twenty-seven pesticides in high fat and low water commodities (peanut, flaxseed, sesame and soybean) using gas chromatography fitted with an electron capture detector. On the basis of validation parameters and clean-up performance 10 mg of Ni-ACF/CNF was optimized as r-DSPE material. Significant recoveries were achieved in all commodities in the range (~72-~117%) with relative standard deviation values ≤15%. The limits of detection and limit of quantification values were 0.7-3.8 ng/gm 2.3-12.5 ng/gm, respectively. In conclusion, the modified QuEChERS clean-up performance compared to primary secondary amine with C18 sorbent, Ni-ACF/CNF was an excellent sorbent for real samples analysis.

PP 040/BEHSD- 242

62

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Catalytic transformation of bio-based itaconic acid to citramalic acid

Hadi Alia, Sushil Kumar Kansalb and Shunmugavel Saravanamurugana* aLaboratory of Bioproduct Chemistry, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Sector 81, Mohali-140 306, Punjab; bDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160 014, India

Conversion of biomass based substrates to value-added chemicals and fuels are alternative to the ones produced from confined fossil resources. With regard to this, citramalic acid (CMA) is one of the important products which can be synthesized from hydration of bio-based itaconic acid and deemed as chiral synthon for natural products as it contains isoprenoid structure. CMA is an intermediate and hydrated product of itaconic acid which can serve as a precursor for the synthesis of methacrylic acid by dehydration and decarboxylation reaction. Biocatalytic approach has already been reported for the synthesis of CMA from itaconic acid and glycerol. As an alternative approach, here we focus on synthesis of CMA using silver on various supports in water. Ag loaded on different support catalyst such as Al2O3 and hydrotalcite (HT) are prepared by precipitation and urea decomposition method. A low yield of CMA (< 25.0%) is overserved in water in case of having no catalyst. A significant improvement is found in terms of CMA yield (> 50.0%) when using 3wt% Ag-HT at 140 C. When using only HT support as catalyst, the yield of CMA is decreased to 30.0%, implying the role of Ag on the conversion of itaconic acid. In conclusion, it is found that Ag-HT catalyst shows an improved activity than the corresponding support in terms of CMA yield in water.

63

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Abstracts of Poster Presentations - Industrial & Food Technology and Toxicology

64

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

PP 041/BEHSD- 122

Occurrence and risk assessment of anticancer compounds (cyclophosphamide and etoposide) in environment

Ankush and Kashyap Kumar Dubey* Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh-123 031, India

Anticancer compounds are also known as antineoplastic compound having property to kill cancerous cells. Antineoplastic compound are nonspecific in nature; due to lack of specificity these are toxic for some other normal rapidly dividing cells such as bone marrow. The occurrence of antineoplastic compounds in environment is continuously increasing. Cyclophosphamide and Etoposide are most widely used anticancer compounds in cancer hospital for treatment of cancer patients. These drugs are not completely metabolized into patient body and un-metabolized part of drugs are releasing in the environment through excretion or directly through oncology wards/hospital effluent. The presence of antineoplastic compounds in the environment is responsible for causing toxicity which may be Eco-toxicity, mutagenicity and cytotoxicity. Therefore, the occurrence of antineoplastic compound in water bodies is hazardous to water living animal and human health.

PP 042/BEHSD- 143

Hazard Potential of Emerging Environmental Contaminants to Aquatic and Terrestrial Invertebrates

65

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Alina Zehra1,2, Monika Seth1,2 Kapil Mandrah3, Somendu K Roy3, Poonam Kakkar2 and Sadasivam Anbumani1, 2 1Ecotoxicology Laboratory, 2Toxicity Testing, GLP Test Facility, 3Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow – 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Emerging environmental contaminants (EEC) like Organic UV-Filters has gained increased attention of ecotoxicologists on its safety and toxicity owing to their wide spread occurrence in various environmental compartments. Exposure of non-target organisms to these chemical entities occurs through urban run-off, defective water treatment plants and unregulated disposal of personal care and packaging products into soil and surface waters. Hence, this study aims to generate information on the ecotoxicities of widely used organic UV- filters such as 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) and Benzophenone (BP) to aquatic and terrestrial animal models – Daphnia magna and Eisenia fetida respectively. Acute exposure of daphnids and earthworms to 4- MBC and BP derived EC50 of 0.477 mg/L and LC50 of 157.12 mg/Kg respectively. Higher the logKow; greater the bioaccumulation potential of these organic UV-filters in the food chain also knock on the possibilities of sub-lethal toxicities over longer time-frames. Hence, 21- day exposure of < 24 hour old aged daphnids to 4- MBC at various sub-lethal concentrations resulted in reduced number of off-springs production as compared to the sham exposed group. Similarly, exposure of E. fetida to BP showed reduced colony forming unit of gut microflora during the 14-day acute exposure while chronic exposures at environmental concentrations (1.57, 7.85 and 31.4 mg/Kg) triggered activities of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase enzymes from day 7 onwards. The findings reveal that 4-MBC is severely toxic to D. magna affecting behavior and reproduction whereas BP induced oxidative stress in E. fetida coelomocytes. Hence an insight into the fate of UV filters and their mode of action on chronic exposures is essentially required for an effective ecological and regulatory risk assessment in lower invertebrates.

PP 043/BEHSD- 144

Ecotoxicity evaluation of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos

Ved Prakash1, Kapil Mandrah3, Somendu K Roy3 and Sadasivam Anbumani1, 2 1Ecotoxicology Laboratory, 2Toxicity Testing, GLP Test Facility, 3Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow – 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India

In recent years, organic ultraviolet-filters (UV-filters) have attracted increased attention as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) due to their widespread occurrence in the aquatic environment and pose serious threat to non-target organisms at various trophic levels. These chemical entities are widely used in personal care products, food packaging, pharmaceuticals and textiles to prevent photodegradation of polymers and pigments. Information related to the adverse effects of organic UV-filters in aquatic sentinels is not extensively available for effective ecological risk assessment. In the present investigation, developmental toxicity of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) is assessed using zebrafish embryos as per OECD guideline. Acute exposure of fertilized embryos to 4-MBC for 96 h deduced LC50 value of 2.69 mg/l (95% CI: 2.35 – 3.17). Apart from embryo coagulation, delay in hatching rate and bradycardia is also observed at 1.38, 1.90 & 2.63 mg/L concentrations besides axial curvature, deformed somites and restricted hatchlings motility upon onset of acute exposure. 4-MBC exposure also resulted in apoptosis in embryos at 24 hpf detected by acridine orange assay (AO Assay) and decreased acetylcholine esterase enzyme activity at sublethal concentrations (5- 1000 µg/l). Significant increase in antioxidant enzymes like catalse, GST and lipid peroxidation were also observed upon 4-MBC exposure. Altogether, the preliminary findings of the present study showed the developmental toxicity of 4-MBC in zebrafish embryos induced by embryonic cell death and oxidative stress responses. Further studies are required to decipher the mode of action in eleutheroembryos.

PP 044/BEHSD- 191

Evaluation of decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) induced toxicity by using PC-12 cell lines as an in-vitro model

Sonam Paliya and Kanchan Kumari* Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environment Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur-440020, Maharashtra, India

During the last decade, a category of organic pollutants called polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has spread extensively and arisen the concern regarding human health because of their lipophilicity and occurrence

66

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

in human tissues. A wide range of evidences showed their potential to cause endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity, and developmental toxicity but the mechanism of PBDE neurotoxicity is still not completely understood. In the present study we investigated the effects of decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) on pheochromocytoma cell lines (PC-12) to understand the detailed toxicity mechanism of this PBDE congener. We used BDE-209 congener of PBDE because of its predominant use and reported toxic levels in human tissues and PC-12 cells as a model of neural development. PC-12 cells were cultured and incubated with different concentrations of BDE-209 for 24 and 48 hours and a set of bioassays was conducted to evaluate toxic potential of this congener. The data of study showed that acute exposure of BDE-209 could cause cell death, also a concentration dependent increased potential of BDE-209 to induce DNA damage in PC-12 cells was observed after 24 hours of exposure as compare to control. The results indicate the toxicity of BDE-209 for PC-12 cells and its potential to cause adverse health effects that might also have relevance for human exposure.

PP 045/BEHSD- 211

Bioaccumulation of Heavy metals in different fish species from Hindon River, India

Deepak Kumar1, Vinay Kumar3, Sangeeta Kumari2 1,2 Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon-122413, India; 3Chemical Section, Intertek India Pvt. Ltd. Gurgaon, Haryana, India

In this study, the objective was to determine the concentration of certain heavy metals in Hindon river water and organs of two different fish species. The Hindon River has become one of the main destinations for disposal of industrial & municipal waste from nearby settlement and tributaries (Kali & Krishni River). In this present study, concentration of heavy metals in river water and fish species caught from Hindon River was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) during two seasons (winter & summer) of Jan-June 2018. Study data revealed that trend of five heavy metals was Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd > Ar in river water and Cu > Cr > Cd > Pd > Ar in fish species, moreover, it also exhibited that the concentration of different heavy metals varied from one organ to another and the level of heavy metal concentration in different organs of fish was liver > kidney > gills > muscles. Most of the heavy metals in river water were observed beyond maximum permissible limit by Bureau of Indian Standard (IS 10500) for drinking purpose and in fish organs also, these exceeded maximum permissible limit as per Food safety and standard authority of India (FSSAI) and European commission (EC) for human consumption.

PP 046/BEHSD- 225

Food safety database - In silico toxicity screening of food additives

Shweta Singh Chauhan, Alok Dhawan, R. Parthasarathi CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Food safety is a global concern in a way to best diminish the risk of foodborne illness. As food is exceedingly very common source of toxicant exposure to humans. Various chemical substances are added to modify colour, appearance, taste and texture of food. Food additives are one of them; these are organic substances that are purposely added to food during production or processing to improve the organoleptic quality and extend the shelf-life of the food. Some of these additives have associated health risks. Aim: This database aim is to provide instant knowledge base access on selected food additives that were screened and predicted for various physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic parameters and various toxicity endpoints along with relevant experimental data. Methods: Two hundred eighty one food additives of various classes were collected, e.g. colours, emulsifiers, preservatives, nutritional and starch-modifying agents. These selected additives were screened and predicted for physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic parameters and toxicity endpoint such as mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, skin irritancy as well as skin sensitization by use of in silico tool – TOPKAT. Further analyses were performed using machine learning tools for clustering and classifications. Results & Discussion: Food safety database on food improvement agent consist of experimental and predicted physicochemical properties including canonical smiles, number of rotatable bonds, number of hydrogen bond donor and acceptor, pharmacokinetic parameters (ADME) of collected food additives. Based on TOPKAT prediction trend of various toxicity endpoints, 15 food additives compounds are resulted as both carcinogen and mutagens considered as potentially more harmful, 94 are potentially harmful and 134 are indicating as safe food additives out of 281 compounds.

67

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Conclusion: Food additives can often cause potential harmful effects on human health. Toxicology and safety assessment is necessary for evaluating risks of additives inside body before they can used. Database on food improvement agent (food additives) would be advantageous to regulatory authorities, food production industry to limit and fix the usage of additives as well as for consumers in an effort to diminish health risk.

PP 047/BEHSD- 234

Methods for the detection of adulteration in milk and milk products

Srishti Mehrotra, Gayatri Bagree, Sandeep K Sharma CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow - 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Food adulteration is a serious problem affecting the economy of several countries and evolving into a bigger spectacle globally. According to WHO (2014-15), it is estimated that around 20 lakh people die annually due to the consumption of adulterated/contaminated food and water in the developing countries. A recent survey conducted across 33 states and Union Territories by the Food Safety Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) reveals that milk was found adulterated with detergent, low quality fat and urea, apart from the most commonly used adulterant, water. Several illicit substances are added to milk that cause adverse effects on the health of consumers. Food safety is concerned with everyone viz., government agencies and industries involved in the production and preparation of food, to fight the malpractices of adulteration so as to provide safe and healthy food to the consumers. The common adulterants and contaminants in milk include antibiotics, heavy metals, urea, formalin, detergent, ammonium sulphate, boric acid, caustic soda, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide, sugar and melamine. FSSAI recommends easy-to-perform tests for checking adulteration in milk that can be carried out by consumers at home. These are preliminary on-site indicator tests that can be further confirmed by sophisticated analytical methods for detection of specific adulterants/contaminants. The methods discussed in this review can be used for bottlenecking the problem associated with the adulteration and eradication of the problem as a whole.

PP 107/BEHSD- 170

Application of Nanotechnology in Food Industries

Arvind Kumar Yadav and Indu Bhushan School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra (J & K), India

The food and bioprocessing industries is facing enormous challenges for developing and implementing methods that can produce high quality, safe foods as well as feeds while also being efficient, environmentally acceptable and sustainable. Nanotechnology is gaining momentum and becoming a worldwide important tool for the food and bioprocessing industries in meeting the increasing demand due to increase in population and incomes in developing countries. The Nano food market is expected to grow with a tremendous rate in near future. Nanomaterial allow better encapsulation and releaseefficiency of the active food ingredients compared to traditional encapsulating agents, and the development of nano-emulsions, liposomes, micelles, biopolymer complexes and cubosomes have led to improved properties for bioactive compounds protection, controlled delivery systems, food matrix integration, and masking undesired flavors.A range of inorganic additives (silver, iron, silica, titanium dioxide, selenium, platinum, calcium, magnesium) is available for supplements, nutraceuticals, and food and feed applications.A number of nanomaterial-based coatings are available for food preparation surfaces and for coating food preparation machinery.Given the increasing number of nanotechnology applications in the food industry, the ability to detect and to measure a given nanomaterial at key time points in the food lifecycle is critical for estimating the nanoscale properties of interest that dictate manufacturing consistency and safety, as well as understanding potential beneficial or adverse effects from food intercalation.

68

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Abstracts of Poster Presentations - Lignocellulose Biorefinery

69

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

PP 048/BEHSD- 106

Disintegration of rice straw for the efficient isolation of cellulose using organosolv pretreatment in the presence of organic acid

Priyanka Pal, Nidhi Aggarwal and Shunmugavel Saravanamurugan* Laboratory of Bioproduct Chemistry, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Sector 81, Mohali-140 306, Punjab, India

Valorization of second generation lignocellulosic biomass has been emerging as efficient renewable and sustainable alternative to confined fossil resources for obtaining value-added chemicals and fuels. However, disintegration of lignocellulosic components, such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, is still quite challenging. With regard to this, the current study focuses on the utilization of agricultural residues particularly rice straw to efficiently produce cellulose through organosolv pretreatment in the presence of mild organic acid as catalysts. The employed process comprised of three steps viz; a) Removal of extractives such as fertilizers and waxes with water and ethanol washing consecutively in soxhlet apparatus, b) Silica removal using aqueous solution of Na2CO3 at low temperature c) Pretreatment of alkaline treated rice straw with mild organic acids such as levulinic acid and oxalic acid in ethanol-water mixture at temperature about 100-140 °C in a stainless steel autoclave. Among organic acids used, lactic acid was found to be appealing for the disintegration of rice straw to separate cellulose efficiently under optimized reaction temperature, concentration, pH and time. Structural and morphological changes of rice straw before and after the treatment were compared using scanning electron microscope, FT-IR and XRD. The SEM image of isolated cellulose exhibited a long fibre (20-80 µm) with somewhat clean surface. Characteristic peaks of isolated cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were observed from the corresponding FTIR spectrum. In conclusion, we found that under optimized conditions, 40% cellulose, 20% hemicelluloses and 10% of lignin was able to be isolated in organosolv approach in the presence of organic acids.

PP 049/BEHSD- 119

Development of medium composition for the heterotrophic cultivation of green microalgae, Scenedesmus sp. ASK22 using response surface methodology

Ashutosh Pandey1,Aarti Gupta1, Arrabachala Sunny1,Sanjay Kumar1,2 and Sameer Srivastava1* 1Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Allahabad (U.P.), India; 2School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi (U.P.), India

Microalgal biomass is considered as an ideal candidate for biofuel production, due to its high lipid yield, less land requirement and ability to utilize CO2 from industrial flue gas. Autotrophic cultivation of algal biomass is considered cost extensive due to its low biomass yield. In today’s scenario, recent reports suggest that heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae could be an economical alternative to improve algal biomass production as compared to autotrophic cultivation. In the present study, optimization of algal biomass production was carried out in two-steps: in the first step, screening of suitable mineral salt medium, carbon source and nitrogen source were performed using “one factor at a time” approach for Scenedesmus sp. ASK22 and in the second step, the levels of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous were further optimized in the screened suitable medium (BG11) for the heterotrophic cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. ASK22 using response surface methodology (RSM). RSM delimited the number of actual experiments performed while allowing for possible interaction between three variables. Later it was adopted to develop a statistical model for the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and glucose on biomass yield. The optimal combinations of the media constituents for maximum biomass yield were determined as 1.802 g/L nitrogen, 52.55 mg/L phosphorus and 18.18 g/L glucose. The present optimization of the medium resulted in a 10.57-fold increase in biomass of Scenedesmus sp. ASK22.

PP 050/BEHSD- 142

Simultaneous bio-remediation of nanoparticles of emerging concern and bio–diesel production using Rhodococcus opacus PD630

S. Archanaa1#, Amitava Mukherjee2and G. K. Suraishkumar1* 1Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036 India; 2Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014 India

70

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Background: Effluents released from waste water treatment plants are source of entry for emerging contaminants such as nano-TiO2 (nTiO2), into the environment and are expected to cause adverse effects. Aim: This study proposes a dual advantage strategy for nTiO2 bioremediation, which involves bio-accumulation of the nTiO2 from the effluents, in an oleaginous bacterium R. opacus PD630 that also produces triacylglyerols – a biodiesel substrate. The nTiO2 in turn induces oxidative stress in bacteria that can increase their productivity. Methods: The bacteria were exposed to synthetic effluent containing nTiO2 concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 1000 µg/L under dark and UV light. nTiO2 bio-accumulation was studied through FT-IR and ICP-OES and oxidative stress (intracellular hydroxyl radical levels) by using fluorescent probe APF. The bacterial growth, viability and morphology was studied by OD, LDH assay and SEM respectively. Biodiesel production was quantified and characterized by gravimetry and GC-MS respectively. Result and discussion: R. opacus PD630 removed nTiO2 from the effluent via attachment and internalization, as –1 confirmed by bands in FTIR-spectrum fingerprint region (900-450 cm ). A dose-dependent increase in nTiO2 bio-accumulation was observed. The maximum nTiO2 removal was 97% under mid–log UV exposure. The Bacteria was resistant to dose-dependent increase in oxidative stress induced by nTiO2. Further, due to oxidative stress, the biodiesel content from bacteria increased by 81%. Biodiesel characterization showed that exposure of bacteria to nTiO2 did not alter the fuel characteristics. Conclusion: The proposed strategy showed effective nTiO2 bio-remediation by R. opacus PD630, with simultaneous increase in biodiesel production.

PP 051/BEHSD- 163

Application of genetic algorithm in modelling optimization of cellulase production

Ranjna Sirohi1*, Anupama Singh1, Ayon Tarafdar2 and N. C. Shahi1 1Department of Post Harvest Process & Food Engineering, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand; 2National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India

Aim: The aim of this work was to study the application of genetic algorithm (GA) in modelling and optimization of cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei from pea hull. The investigation highlights that GA could be used as a potential optimizer for processes involving waste utilization. Methods: Enzyme activity of cellulase was determined using Filter Paper Activity (FPA) assay. Optimization of process parameters was performed using mathematical (MO) and genetic optimizers to obtain combination of variables for highest possible enzyme activity. The values of independent variables in set (GA, MO) were: agitation speed (127rpm, 120rpm), %H2O2 concentration (10.36, 5.0), cultivation time (112h, 91h). Results: GA generated a higher value of cellulase activity (0.353U/mL) as compared to MO (0.302U/mL). The optimized cellulase activity by GA was obtained as 0.353U/mL as compared to 0.302U/mL for derivative based algorithm. The corresponding experimental values were found to be 0.362U/mL and 0.317U/mL, respectively. Conclusion: From the result it could be concluded that the application of Genetic Algorithm generated process conditions which resulted in increased cellulase activity as compared with mathematical optimizer.

PP 052/BEHSD- 164

Isolation and characterization of Burkholderia sp. ISTRM for the degradation of lignin model compounds

Raj Morya, Madan Kumar and Indu Shekhar Thakur School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110 067, India

Lignin is the most abundant aromatic heteropolymer composed of three types of monolignol monomers coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol that are incorporated in the lignin as hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) units respectively. In the present study, a lignin degrading bacterium was isolated and characterized for the degradation of lignin derivatives. The lignin model compounds used for isolation and characterization are syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, vanillin, vanillic acid, guaiacol, 4- hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, benzoic acid, syringaldehyde, veratryl alcohol and catechol. The soil sample from forest area of Jawaharlal Nehru University was collected, processed and enriched by growing in M9 media using above-mentioned derivatives as the only carbon source. After enrichment, four morphologically distinct bacterial strains were able to grow on most of the monomers used in this study. Among these four isolates, one strain showed growth on almost all the lignin derivatives and its growth outperformed compared to other isolates. This isolate was identified by 16sRNA gene sequencing and the blast analysis identified the strain as Burkholderia sp. ISTRM. Degradation of these monolignols started within 24 h-48 h and completed in 7-10

71

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

days. The degradation was further supported by ligninolytic enzyme assay and it was found that lignin peroxidase and laccase was predominantly expressed. Furthermore, GC-MS was performed to identify the degradation intermediates of these compounds. UPLC based quantification of the lignin model compound degradation is in progress.

PP 053/BEHSD- 176

Purification and characterization of recombinant β-xylosidase (GH43) from Scytalidium thermophilum, and its application in formulation of lignocellulolytic enzyme cocktails

Dhruv Agrawal, Neha Basotra and Bhupinder S. Chadha* Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab-143 005, India

Supplementation of accessory enzymes to enhance the hydrolytic efficiency of cellulolytic enzyme cocktails for the bioconversion of agro-residues into platform fermentable sugars for 2G- ethanol production can help in lowering the cost of enzymes and bioconversion process. This study reports heterologous expression of β- xylosidase (GH43) derived from Scytalidium thermophilum designated as XYN43B_SCYTH, using methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris X33 as host. The maximal expression of β-xylosidase (1286 U/l) was observed at 1% methanol feeding rate under shake flask (SmF). The recombinant XYN43B_SCYTH (~48 kDa) was purified in single step using affinity chromatography (Ni-NTA column). The optimum temperature and pH was determined to be 50º C and 7.0±0.2, respectively. The first half life of purified XYN43B_SCYTH was found to be ~69.67 min (at 50ºC, pH 7.0). The catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) of XYN43B_SCYTH was determined using pNP-xylopyranoside (2.69×103 mM-1 min-1). The hydrolysis of acid treated rice straw and bagasse by commercial cellulase Cellic CTec2 was enhanced by 7.9 and 15.2% when one part of Cellic CTec2 was replaced with recombinant β-xylosidase so as to maintain the same protein loading of (10 mg/gds) showing the importance of β-xylosidase in formulation of efficient cellulolytic cocktail.

PP 054/BEHSD- 178

A novel versatile LPMO from Malbranchea cinnamomea showing dual catalytic behavior against cellulose and pure xylan

a b b,c,d e a, Neha Basotra , Saurabh S. Dhiman , Rajesh K. Sani , Adrian Tsang and Bhupinder S. Chadha * aDepartment of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India; bDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; cComposite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing Center - Biomaterials , (CNAM/Bio), Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; dBuG ReMeDEE Consortium, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; eCenter for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada

A novel Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase (LPMO) family AA9 (PMO9A_MALCI) protein from thermophilic fungus Malbranchea cinnamomea was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The expressed protein was purified to homogeneity using ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. SDS- PAGE analysis showed PMO9A_MALCI to be ~27 kDa protein. High performance anion exchange chromatography and mass spectrometry confirmed that purified protein was active against an array of cellulosic (avicel, carboxy methyl cellulose) and hemicellulosic (birch wood xylan, wheat arabinoxylan and rye arabinoxylan) substrates, releasing both oxidized and unoxidized cello-oligosaccharide and xylo-oligosaccharide products. Presence of double oxidized products during mass spectrometric analysis as well as in-silico analysis confirmed that the expressed protein belongs to Type 3 LPMO family. Molecular dynamic simulations further confirmed the sharing of common amino acid residues conserved for catalysis of both cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates which further indicates that both substrates are equally preferred. Enzymatic cocktails constituted by replacing a part of commercial cellulase Cellic Ctec2 with PMO9A_MALCI (9:1/8:2) led to synergistic improvement in saccharification of acid and alkali pretreated biomass. This is the first report on heterologous expression of LPMO from M. cinnamomea, exhibiting the dual catalytic behavior towards cellulose and xylan separately.

PP 055/BEHSD- 183

In-depth characteristics of products from torrefaction of woody biomass

72

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Satyansh Singh, J.P Chakraborty and M.K. Mondal Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi-221005, India

Torrefaction is a thermochemical pretreatment step to enhance physicochemical properties of combustible material. Torrefaction of acasia nilotica was carried out in a fixed bed reactor in the temperature range of 220- 2800C and residence time in the range of 20-40 min with a heating rate of 150C/min. The proximate analysis of raw and torrefied biomass exhibited a decrease in moisture and volatile content; whereas ash and fixed carbon content increased with increasing temperature. Higher heating value increased by 28.2 % with respect to raw biomass. The ultimate analysis showed that both H/C and O/C ratio decreased with increasing temperature of torrefaction, making the torrefied biomass more suitable for co-firing with coal. TGA and DTG analysis were performed to investigate the composition variation during torrefaction. SEM analysis shows the improved morphology of torrefied biomass. FTIR analysis of both solid and liquid product was performed to investigate the variation in functional group. The gaseous product released from the process was analyzed using gas chromatography. The removal of hydrogen and oxygen from biomass during the torrefaction makes it hydrophobic in nature, resulting ease of storage and handling along with reduced transportation cost. The torrefied biomass could be used as a solid fuel or could be pyrolysed or gasified to obtain a better quality biofuel.

PP 056/BEHSD- 186

Optimization of carbon sources for maximization of growth, photosynthetic efficiency and lipid production of Dunaliella salina

Abhishek Mohanta, Riyazat Khadim, Prabhakar Singh, Ankit Kumar Singh, R.K. Asthana* R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221 005, India

Microalgae have been proposed to be carbon-neutral and sustainable feedstock for biofuel due to their fast growth rate, maximum photosynthetic efficiency and high lipid content. Dunaliella salina is a unicellular, halotolerant Chlorophyte possessing immense biofuel and nutraceutical potential. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various carbon sources (glucose, CH3COONa, NH4HCO3, NaHCO3) on growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency and neutral lipid accumulation of D. salina in batch culture. The cultures treated with 0.25 mM glucose and 0.25 mM CH3COONa showed a specific growth rate, -1 -1 µ=0.282 d while 0.25 mM glucose and 0.25 mM NH4HCO3 was µ =0.254 d . These growth rates were -1 significantly higher than that of culture having 0.5 mM NaHCO3 i,e. µ =0.146 d . The Chl-a content was found to be maximum in 0.25 mM glucose and 0.25 mM NH4HCO3 (17.37µg/ml) and minimum in 0.5 mM NaHCO3 (11.47µg/ml). The maximum photosynthetic quantum yield (Fv/Fm) was up to the 8thd but beyond 10thd, Fv/Fm decreased in 0.25 mM glucose and 0.25 mM CH3CONa suggesting depletion of nutrients. The level of neutral lipid was found maximum in 0.5 mM NaHCO3 (353.60 ± 6.78 a.u) using Nile red fluorescence followed by NH4HCO3 (312.57 ± 3.73) and CH3COONa (278.80 ± 2.53). Hence, mixotrophic growth of D. salina using 0.25 mM glucose and CH3COONa yielded highest biomass, chlorophyll-a and photosynthetic efficiency when compared with photoautotrophic conditions. It was established that stress induced increase in lipid content results in low biomass and C/N ratio use to determine lipid productivity; therefore we intend to optimize growth of the above organism vis a vis lipid productivity.

PP 057/BEHSD- 189

Identification and characterization of halotolerant Dunaliella salina for biotechnological implications

Prabhakar Singh, Riyazat Khadim, Ankit Kumar Singh, Urmilesh Singh, Priyanka Maurya, Abhishek Mohanta and R. K. Asthana* RN Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, U.P

Increase in greenhouse gases and energy crisis led us to characterize physiologically and biochemically the isolated unicellular wall less Dunaliella salina from a saline lake as a source of biofuel and candidate gene(s) for crop improvement. Molecular phylogeny, physico-chemical, fluorescence microscopic analyses along with in-gel assay of antioxidative enzymes were used to understand survival strategy to be employed in mass cultivation which can be exploited as resource of commercial products and biofuel. The growth of D. salina was

73

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

optimized at 0.5M NaCl and 16/8h photoperiod. The cells managed entry of extracellular Na+ up to 3M NaCl due to dynamic intracellular glycerol content. D. salina cells experienced stress as evidenced by decrease in maximum photosynthetic quantum yield Fv/Fm, ETRmax along with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level beyond 2M NaCl. The Dunaliella cells maintain its healthy organelle systems by accumulating proline, lipid peroxidation and differential expression of super oxide dismutase (SOD) at different salinity. The SOD seemed to be key antioxidative enzyme as eight isoforms were expressed differentially while catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) showed no significant change in its expression under selected NaCl concentrations. The ability of D. salina to grow in range of salinities by sustaining photosynthetic apparatus healthy along with accumulation of valuable products made this alga an ideal organism that can be exploited as source of products of commercial interest and bioenergy.

PP 058/BEHSD- 190

Effect of culture conditions and nutrient concentrations on growth and lipid production of Dunaliella salina in a photobioreactor

S K Riyazat Khadim, Prabhakar Singh, Abhishek Mohanta, Ankit K. Singh and R.K. Asthana* RN Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India

Mass cultivation of oleaginous algae has been a major constraint in commercial biofuel production. Dunaliella salina is a unicellular, halotolerant, photoautotrophic microalga having immense biofuel and nutraceutical potential. Since, lipid content in microalgae is a function of both biomass and lipid productivity, therefore, we have concentrated on increasing the biomass in conjunction with lipid overproduction. In this work, suitability of a vertical flat-plate photobioreactor was suggested for mass cultivation of D. salina. Semicontinuous mode of culture established feasibility of the operation with nutrient manipulations, depending upon objective of cultivation; biomass or lipid. Effect of various culture parameters on biomass and lipid productivity of D. salina was standardized in a flat plate photobioreactor (70L) followed by a vertical photobioreactor (40L). Maximum biomass productivity (14.95±0.43 mgL-1d-1 dry cell weight) was achieved in the latter at inoculum concentration -2 -1 -1 of OD680nm = 0.1, 100 µmolm s light illumination and 1.0 Lmin aeration, which was 11.8% higher than that of FP-PBR (13.37±0.63). The culture showed consistently high photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm = 6.71±0.14) -1 and thus, faster growth rate (SGR= 0.185 d ). Influence of various KNO3 and NaHCO3 concentrations was evaluated under semi-continuous regime. Highest biomass productivity (17.85±0.55 mgL-1d-1) was obtained at 0.50 mM NaHCO3 and 15 mM KNO3, however, maximum lipid (16.36±1.18% dry cell weight) and highest percentage of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids were achieved with 0.50 mM NaHCO3 and 15 mM KNO3. Thus, nitrate enhancement above basal level yielded higher biomass while moderate increase in NaHCO3 at basal KNO3 concentration resulted more lipids.

PP 059/BEHSD- 197

Screening of lactic acid bacteria stable to ionic liquids and inhibitory by products

Neerja Yadav and Sunil K. Khare* Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India

Background: The lignocellulosic biomass is promising non-renewable resource in the development of sustainable energy. The conversion of plant-derived biomass into biofuels, platform chemicals is an emerging trend. In this context, biomass pretreatment is a necessary step. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids (IL) effectively dissolve biomass and represent a remarkable platform for biomass pretreatment. IL stable cells can be utilized for simultaneous pre-treatment and saccharification. During pretreatment and saccharification inhibitors are generated that inhibit the cell growth and lactic acid (LA) production. Therefore IL and inhibitor stable strains are required for efficient lactic acid production from agro waste. Aim: The tolerance of LA bacteria in presence of imidazolium based IL and lignocellulose-derived inhibitors was studied. Different agro wastes were used as substrate for LA production. Method: The isolated strains were screened to grow in presence imidazolium based IL and lignocellulose- derived inhibitors. Potent strain were used for LA production using wheat bran, sugarcane baggase, rice straw and cassava were used as substrates. Result: Pediococcus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc fallax, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus acidophilus were found to be highly resistant to the inhibitors. The selected strains could grow in presence of various IL viz. EMIM (OAc), BMIM (MeSO4), BMIM (Cl) 5-10 % v/w.

74

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Discussion: The IL stable and inhibitors resistant strain Pediococcus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc fallax, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus acidophilus were isolated. Conclusion: The study showed that selected isolates were able to tolerate the inhibitors. The potent strains have the potential and to be used for one pot bioprocess of LA production.

PP 060/BEHSD- 199

Study of thermal behaviour, kinetics and product characterization of coconut husk pyrolysis for bio- energy generation

Goutam Kishore Gupta and Monoj Kumar Mondal* Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi,221005, India

Energy from biomass now is being considered as future renewable fuel and thus in this study coconut husk (CH) was pyrolysed for the production of biofuels (bio-oil, biochar and pyrolytic gas). Thermal degradation characteristics of CH by TGA revealed the abundance of volatile matter and thus pyrolysis experiments were performed in the temperature range of 350 to 550 °C in a packed bed reactor system under continuous current of nitrogen. Bio-oil yield yield increase with temperature and reached to a maximum at 500 °C, whereas biochar yield continuously. Physicochemical properties (appearance, viscosity, density, carbon residue, pH and HHV) of bio-oil were determined whereas the chemical properties were inspected by FTIR and GC-MS. Proximate, ultimate, HHV, FTIR, SEM-EDX, BET surface area and XRD analysis was used for the biochar characterization. Non-condensable gases evolving out from the outlet were analyzed by gas chromatography and amount of H2, CH4, CO and CO2 were determined. According to above results bio-oil can be upgraded to be utilized as biofuel or it can be a source of valuable chemicals, biochar can serve triple purpose as efficient solid fuel, in soil amendment or in waste water treatment as it has very high BET surface area. Pyrolytic gases has significant amount of methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide that grants excellent combustion properties. Further, iso-conversional methods (FWO and KAS) methods were used for the kinetic parameters (activation energy and pre-exponential factor) determination.

PP 061/BEHSD- 200

Study of biological and thermochemical pretreatment of OFMSW and optimization of thermochemical pretreatment by RSM for enhanced biogas yield

Renu Bala and Monoj Kumar Mondal* Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India

Biogas production from organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) not only helps in solid waste management but also combat with the food vs fuel dilemma. Presence of lignocellulosic material and other complex compounds in it hinder the biogas production. Therefore, pretreatment is a requisite step to increase the hydrolysis rate and conversion of complex compounds to simpler one. This work was aimed to effective pretreatment of OFMSW by biological and thermochemical means. For biological pretreatment lignin degrading fungal strains, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus was employed. Parameters VS, VFA, sCOD and reducing sugar were estimated after each pretreatment to determine the extent of OFMSW solubilization. Anaerobic digestion of biologically and thermochemically treated OFMSW was also carried out. Thermochemical treatment resulted in higher yields of sCOD and reducing sugar, making it more effective method in comparison to biological pretreatment. P.chrysosporium was found to be better in comparison to P.ostreatus in OFMSW solubilization. Thermochemical treatment of OFMSW sample was resulted in 26 % more biogas yield in comparison to P.chrysosporium treated sample. Therefore, the optimization of thermochemical pretreatment was done by Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM). Effect of three factors; NaOH loading (4-6 %), temperature (150-180 ℃) and time (30-120 min) were observed on the OFMSW hydrolysis.

PP 062/BEHSD- 224

Computational Toxicity Screening of Biologically Derived Fuel Compounds

Zeeshan Arif,a,b Ashok Pandey,a Edgard Ganansounouc and R. Parthasarathia

75

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

aCSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; bAcademy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226 001, India; cBioenergy and Energy Planning Research Group, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

Background: Biofuels are produced through biomass conversion technologies from plant sources to fuel compounds using physiochemical and microbial synthesis routes. Though these compounds derived biologically, many of them are volatile in nature. Exposure of such volatile compounds and partially burned fuel compounds might have potential toxicity issues to the workers in the industry and the environment. Hence, it is imperative to assess their toxicity and impact on the environment as well as human exposure. Aim: The aim of this study is to profile the toxicity of the biologically derived fuel compounds to assess their environmental impact and risk to human health using computational predictive approaches. Methods: In this work, expert and statistical based methods were carried out to assess various toxicity endpoints of 123 biologically derived fuel compounds. Compounds were processed using the expert system Derek Nexus 5.0.2 (Knowledge Base Derek 2016 2.1), and the statistical system Sarah Nexus 2.0.01. Results & Discussion: Among the chosen 123 compounds, 40 compounds were found to be negative for 21 toxicity endpoints assessed in this investigation. Based on the observed results, compounds were categorized on the basis of plausible, probable, equivocal and open. Majority of tested compounds have shown toxicity for the category of - carcinogenicity (24 compounds), chromosome damage in vivo (23 compounds), skin sensitization (45 compounds), hepatotoxicity (25 compounds) and nephrotoxicity (21 compounds); with the least falling under oestrogen receptor modulator (1 compound), gastro intestinal tract irritation (1 compound) and bone marrow toxicity (1 compound). Conclusion: The study suggests that the compounds tested negative for an array of toxicity endpoints could be used as potential biofuels and blends since the query compounds did not pose any structural alerts.

PP 063/BEHSD- 236

Operating cost and sludge study of continuous electrocoagulation treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater

Pratibha Singh1, Kirti Srivastava1, 2Divya Ghildyal2, 3Nupoor Srivastava3 1Depaertment of Chemistry, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Noida; 2Department of Environmental Science, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, India

The Current study deals with the treatment of agri-based pulp and paper mill wastewater by continuous electrocoagulation (CEC) process by using iron (Fe) as an electrode material. Effects of flow rates (dm3 h−1): 0.5–4.0 and residence time (τ): 0.5–4.0 h was investigated on degradation of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, total solid (TS), turbidity, specific energy consumption (SEC), instantaneous current efficiency (ICE) and electrochemical degradation index (EDI) respectively. At flow rates of 1.0 and 0.5 dm3 h−1, COD removal efficiency of 82.2 and 85.2%; and color removal efficiency of 85 and 92%, respectively, was achieved. TS concentration of wastewater slurry was also reduced by 69% after 3 h residence time with flow rate of 1 dm3 h−1. The specific energy consumption was decreased from 16.9 to 14.8 with decrease in τ from 4 to 1 h. At a supply charge concentration of 0.62 A h dm−3, the current efficiency (CE) values were 330% and 279% after τ = 2 and 1 h, respectively. Sludge obtained after the CEC process was estimated for settling and filterability characteristics, elemental analysis and morphology, physicochemical and elemental characterization, point of zero charge, and TS concentration. The operating cost was found to be 55.0 Indian Rupees (0.8 USD) for the treatment of 1 m3 of wastewater based on the electrical energy and electrode consumption.

76

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Abstracts of Poster Presentations - Nanotechnology: Applications in Food and Health Sectors

77

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

PP 064/BEHSD- 102

Mathematically optimized production, purification and characterization of Penicillin G Acylase from AA17A and AA17B: An Industrial biocatalyst for production of aminopenicillanic acid a core moiety of different penicillins

Abhishek Ajamani1 Rajesh Kumar1 and Siddharth Vats2* 1University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119; 2IBST, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow 226003

Background: Beta-lactam antibiotics are most commonly prescribed broad-spectrum drugs. Penicillin G acylases (PGAs), helps in the production of semi-synthetic β-lactam antibiotics via the key intermediates, 6- aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) and 7-amino-3deacetoxycephalosporanic -acid (7-ADCA). Aim: Mathematically optimization of production of PGAs, purification, and its characterization with application in production of semisynthetic β-lactam. Methods: 80 Soil samples (10g each) from Kurukshetra University, serially diluted, inoculated in 50 ml minimal medium (30 µg/ml Pen-G), at 37°C for 24 h. Secondary screening analyzed 6-APA produced by conversion of Pen-G by enzyme PGA with HPLC. Production mathematically optimized (Design Expert 8.0.7.1), for carbon; nitrogen sources; at temperature; pH, PAA (%), level and inoculum sizes (ml), followed by extraction, characterization and kinetics studies. Results: Strain AA17B yielded maximum production of 6-APA with 87.6% conversion of penicillin into 6- APA. The penicillin acylase activity was enhanced to 1.2 fold under optimized conditions of glucose (8%), beef extract (2%), pH 9.0, 30ºC, and PAA of 0.185%, & inoculum size of 5 ml. Enzyme purified 1.22-fold by ammonium sulphate precipitation (70-80%) with a yield of 4.6%. Specific activity of purified enzyme was 13.73 IU/mg protein. The PGA exhibited optimal activity at 40°C, pH 8.0 (6.0-10.0). Antibiotic pattern studied using ICOSA. Discussion: PGA finds applications in for hydrolysis of natural β-lactams, production of new β-lactam antibiotics and peptidic stereoisomers. Conclusion: Although many PGAs have been reported from microbial origin, this study is first report on mathematically optimized production, of a PGA from this bacterium. Keywords: PGA, Beta-lactam antibiotics, Mathematical modeling, Enzymes.

PP 065/BEHSD- 105

Insilico approach based targeting of squalene synthase and 3-hydroxy 3- methylglutaryl – Co-A reductase: A solution towards Leishmaniasis

Prachi Bhargava1, Archana Kashyap1, Siddharth Vats1 and Prachi Srivastava2 1Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; 2Amity Institute of Biotechnology, AUUP, Lucknow, India

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani is the second most fatal tropical disease which needs to be addressed. Pentavalent antimonials are the standard first line of treatment but emergence of resistance towards them, has limited their usefulness. Alternative chemotherapeutic treatments with amphotericin B and its lipid formulation, miltefosine and paromomycin are available but their use is limited either due to toxicity or high cost of treatment. It is of utmost importance to look for effective drugs and new drug targets for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Aim: Several bioinformatic approaches have also been proposed which will fasten the pace to come up with anti-leishmanial drugs. The study aims to validate molecular model of HMGCoA reductase and Squalene synthase of sterol biosynthetic pathway which play a key role in survival of the protozoa and their docking studies with phytochemicals so that they can be used as target for Structure based Drug designing. Method: An in-silico approach was executed in order to find out their structure of the targeted protein and docking done to find prominent lead compounds as their potential inhibitors. Result: The structure of HMGCoA reductase and Squalene synthase were obtained and validated. It was found to be a compatible model suited for further investigation. The docking studies performed provided 3-o- methyldiplacol and as the potential chemotherapeutic Discussion: Phytochemicals provide a less toxic and accessible source of chemotherapeutic agents. The above study deals with discovery of one such agent against the targeted protein for further anti-leishmanial drug discovery.

78

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Conclusion: The above two enzymes have been proposed as anti-leishmanial drug targets through various experiments. Their validated in silico structures showed high stability. The docking studies have paved the way to develop better anti leishmanial drugs.

PP 066/BEHSD- 114

Nanomaterial Integrated Flexible Bio-Sensor for Jaundice Detection

Nishant Verma and Siddhartha Panda Samtel Centre for Display Technologies, National Centre for Flexible Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016

Background: Highly specific and sensitive detection of physiological relevant analytes is a pre-requisite for earlier point-of-care diagnosis. Bilirubin is a clinically important analyte with any fluctuation in its normal concentration reflects the existence of various diseases, including Jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia). Conventional approaches for bilirubin analysis are spectroscopic techniques and diazo reactions but these techniques are highly susceptible to interferences from other serum components, and are generally pH dependent. Thus, a need arises to develop a simple, portable and sensitive device for bilirubin detection in new-born and adults. Aim: Fabrication of nanomaterials integrated screen printed bilirubin biosensor. Methods: Nanomaterial based conductive inks were prepared and screen printed on suitable substrate (PET) in a three-electrode configuration (working, counter and reference electrode). The working area was further modified by nanomaterials to enhance the electroactive surface area. It was followed by immobilization of enzyme, and electrochemical analysis of bilirubin with fabricated sensor in real samples. Results and Discussion: Fabricated biosensor showed a high sensitivity (0.531 μAμM-1cm2) and selectivity toward amperometric analysis of bilirubin in linear concentration range of 1-1000 μM (R2 = 0.992), with LOD of 0.6 μM (S/N=3) under physiological conditions. Conclusion: Fabricated biosensor has the potential for amperometric sensing of bilirubin in real samples without any significant interference.

PP 067/BEHSD- 120

Gene expression of transforming growth factor- Beta in prevention and treatment of hypertrophic burn scar using different therapeutic modalities

Jyoti Gupta1, Vaibhav Jain2, Neeraj Gupta3 and Pradeep Jain4 1,2,4 Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India; 3Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Sri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow -Deva Road, Barabanki, UP, India

Hypertrophic scar is a dermal form of fibro-proliferative disorder often caused by thermal or traumatic injury to the deep dermis and is characterized by excessive deposition of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. They are itchy, raised, painful, and rigid causes cosmetic disfigurement and contractures. Transforming growth factor β is well known as a crucial fibrogenic cytokine promoting ECM production and tissue fibrosis. Hence, the aim of the research was to find out the alteration of TGF β gene expression after using different treatment modalities in hypertrophic scar patients. We studied 120 patients with hypertrophic post burn scar, randomly distributed into three different treatment groups. Total RNA was isolated from the cases and controls before and 6 months after the therapy to evaluate the expression of TGF beta (1, 2 & 3) by real time PCR. Ultrastructural analysis was also carried out by Transmission Electron Microscopy to distinguish the morphological changes in hypertrophic scar patients. After the different treatment modalities the expression of TGF β-1&2 was down regulated while β-3 expression increases. The study observed after the treatment with Pressure Garments, Silicone Gel Sheet and Triamcinolone Injection therapy, in entire cases 94% responded to the treatment in which, 13% cured, 44% showed major improvement while, minor changes observed in 37% of patients. In conclusion when compared the overall effectiveness of the treatment on the basis of rate of response, observed Triamcinolone Injection gave better results in compare to other two therapies.

PP 068/BEHSD- 121

Efficacy of a rhamnolipid biosurfactant against dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Suparna Sen1*, Siddhartha Narayan Borah2, Arijit Borah3 and Suresh Deka1

79

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

1Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India; 2Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India; 3Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India

Background: Trichophyton mentagrophytes is a zoonotic dermatophyte especially dominant in clinical cases of tinea pedis and onychomycosis with a prevalence of 1.5–55.4%. The existing treatments for these infections are limited to synthetic antifungals. The clinical values of these compounds are limited due to their several adverse effects. Aim: The current study was aimed at evaluating the antimycotic effect of a rhamnolipid biosurfactant (RL) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa SS14 against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Methods: The in vitro antifungal effect of the RL was determined using CLSI microbroth dilution and mycelial disc diffusion assay. The antimycelial effect was further visualised using ultramicroscopy (SEM, AFM, CLSM). Therapeutic efficiency of RL was determined in experimentally induced cutaneous dermatophytosis in mice with macroscopic observations, culture of the tissue scrapings, and histopathological studies. Results: The RL exhibited MIC100 at 125 mg/L and 71 % inhibition against mycelia at 500 mg/L. Microscopic studies showed morphological alteration, cell membrane damage as compared to the untreated control mycelia. RL was also effective in supressing dermatophytosis in the infected animals after 21 days of treatment. Discussion: RL was inferred to play a role in membrane permeability and flow of metabolites due to their properties similar to detergents. Also, a lower concentration of the RL was required to achieve similar inhibition in case of spores as compared to mycelia probably because of a differential cell wall composition in both. Conclusion: The results show that RL can be used as an alternative to the use of synthetic antifungals against dermatophytosis.

PP 069/BEHSD- 127

Lipstatin: Hypes and hopes of an obese person

Khushboo and Kashyap Kumar Dubey* Bioprocess Engineering laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana (India) - 123031

The elevation in accretion of lipid in the adipose tissues results in a multi-factorial disease i.e. obesity giving prominence to inordinate ratio of weight to height. As per current statistical statement of World Health Organisation (WHO), 13% of the world’s population is obese. A number of microbial compounds acts as lipase inhibitors have been modified to cope the metabolic disorders like obesity. Streptomyces species are the main producers of numerous bioactive compounds of industrial value with anti-obesity properties such as lipstatin produced by Streptomyces toxytricini. Lipstatin, natural inhibitor of various enzymes such as pancreatic and gastric lipases, cholesterol ester hydrolases, is now being automated as anti obesity agent. Orlistat, the chemically modified form of lipstatin, is authenticated as cardio protective drug with durable treatment of obesity and also improve the grit to the oral glucose. However, the commercial production of lipstatin is very difficult due to pellet morphology of Streptomyces toxytricini. Addressing noval ways to innovate the morphology of S. toxytricini may enhance the production of lipstatin.

PP 070/BEHSD- 131

An optimization of physico-chemical conditions for enhanced catalytic activity of biogenic gold nanoparticles

Shipra Pandey, Ved Prakash Giri, Ashutosh Tripathi, Madhuree Kumari and Aradhana Mishra Division of Plant-Microbe Interaction, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow- 226 001, India

Background: Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles has gained great attention due to cost-effective and eco-friendly for environmental pollutant degradation. However, fewer reports are available which describes the interdependency of physical parameters for tailoring the dimension and geometry of nanoparticles during biological synthesis and how their catalytic activity gets improved after modulation. Aim: To evaluate heterogenous catalytic activity of biogenic gold nanoparticles obtained by modulating physico-chemical parameters with Trichoderma viride filtrate.

80

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Methods: Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of various shapes and sizes were synthesized by varying pH (5-9), reaction time (24-72 hr), temperature (20, 30, 40 and 50o C), substrate (250 and 500 mg/L) by using T. viride filtrate (10%). Catalytic activity of the biosynthesized GNP was evaluated by conversion of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) into 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of NaBH4 by UV-visible spectroscopy and confirmed by GC-MS. Results: Various ranges of size from 2–500 nm, shapes nanospheres, nanotriangles, nanopentagons, nanohexagons, and nanosheets were obtained. These gold nanoparticles were able to catalyze the degradation reaction of 4-NP into 4-AP, whereas nanosphere of size 3–10 nm, having highest catalytic rate constant (6.75 × 10−3 section−1) among the other nanoparticles. Discussion: The higher catalytic activity of nanospheres may be attributed to their smaller size and large volume to surface area ratio providing maximum number of reaction sites for catalysis. Conclusion: The peculiarity of this study is synthesis of gold nanoparticles of size 3–10 nm, having highest catalytic activity among the other different shapes and sizes of the particles by modulating the physical parameters.

PP 071/BEHSD- 133

Optimization of microwave mediated disinfection of hospital linen

Krishna Gautama,b, Marhabac, Ashutosh Kumar Pandeya, Mohan Kamthana, MonishBhandaria, Vivek Kumar Moryaa aSS Medicals Pvt. Ltd. Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; bEcotoxicology laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group; cNanomaterial Toxicology Group; CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Linen are used for many purposes in the Hospitals, nursing homes, acute care facilities and other healthcare operations; thus, a variety of contaminated linens are produced from these facilities. Disinfection of the contaminated linens are being essential to avoid the possibility of infection during handling. The chemical disinfectants are recommended for the fabrics. However, these chemicals have several side effects, therefore an appropriate and alternative technology is being needed to address the challenges. This study was designed, to disinfect the linen by microwave. For the study, 1.5KW Microwave equipment with a tunable temperature, exposure time and a water sprinkling system, “OptiMaserTM” was designed and used. This device works on the principle of dielectric heating thereby, generating heat directly inside the exposed cells. It was observed that after treatment the contaminated linen was found to be free from both kinds of the gram (+ve and -ve) bacteria, fungi, and spores. This disruptive technology for sterilization is far effective than the traditional steam-based sterilization. In general, 10 log reduction of microbes and spores was achievable threshold by this method. A 10 min hold time of microwave treatment at 70 oC was found to be optimum for disinfection of linen. These results encourage us, to develop a portable, green and efficient device for onsite disinfection of hospital’s laundry.

PP 072/BEHSD- 141

Identification of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA D-loop mutation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A study from Northeast India

Manish Kumar1, 3, Yashmin Choudhury1, Sankar Kumar Ghosh1**, Rosy Mondal3* 1 Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar -788011, India; 2 University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal-741235, India.3Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati- 781035, Assam, India.

Background: The lifestyle, food habits and customary practices manifest the Northeast Indian population towards higher susceptibility to develop head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Further considering the limitations of tumor heterogeneity and invasiveness associated with tumor tissue biopsy. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has emerged as an alternative. Aim: The current study was aimed to establish a standard quantitative and qualitative analysis in optimization of cfDNA and cell-free mitochondrial (cfmtDNA) mutation detection in HNSCC. Methods: This retrospective study comprised of 30 HNSCC cases, with 10ml of blood samples collected in cfDNA BCT® Streck tubes. CfDNA isolation was carried out using Triton/Heat/Phenol method (THP). The isolated cfDNA was analyzed using UV absorbance, Qubit fluorometer 3.0 and QIAxcel Advanced system. Followed by sequencing of mitochondrial D-loop. Results: The estimated concentration of cfDNA from UV spectrophotometer was found to be in the range 199 – 286ng/µl, and Qubit fluorometer 3.0, 0.22 – 0.63 ng/µl. The fragment analysis showed wide-ranging of length

81

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

viz., 131- 372bp and 17-956bp for lysed samples. Cell-free mitochondrial (cfmtDNA) D-loop mutation was also found to be reoccurring at positions 73 A/G and 146 T/C. Conclusion: Our result indicates that the quantification approach using Qubit fluorometer was much more sensitive in comparison to the conventional UV absorbance based quantification. CfmtDNA D-loop mutation is highly associated with smoke and smokeless tobacco, betel quid chewing, and alcohol which shows greater promises, holding the key characteristics of diagnostic biomarkers, i.e. minimal invasiveness, high specificity, and sensitivity.

PP 073/BEHSD- 160

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Paracoccus denitrificans ISTOD1 for wastewater treatment

Kristina Medhi, Raj Morya, Rashmi Rathour and Indu Shekhar Thakur* School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

Background and Aim- Silver being a natural microbial has proved to be a promising tool in the wastewater treatment. The present study investigates an attempt towards the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a heterotrophic nitrifier and aerobic denitrifier Paracoccus denitrificans ISTOD1 isolated from a wastewater treatment plant, its characterization and application. Methods- AgNPs were synthesized by cell-free extract and AgNO3 solution. After 24 h incubation was exposed to light. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV–Visible spectrometric analysis, FTIR, FESEM, EDX and XRD analysis. Antibacterial susceptibility test was also carried out. The applicability of the AgNPs was evaluated by Methylene Blue (MB) test alone as well as directly loading them on activated biochar. The cytotoxicity study using MTT assay was also done. Results and Discussion-.The biosynthesized AgNPs conferred a characteristic color change from colorless to brownish black due to the presence of the enzyme nitrate reductase. They exhibited an intense UV-Visible spectrum at 409 nm. FTIR revealed the presence of functional groups of biomolecules acting as a stabilizing and capping agent. FESEM illustrated the spherical shape with size ranging from 17.97 to 97.41 nm. EDX detected higher elemental composition of Ag. XRD pattern revealed its nanocrystalline nature. The highest antimicrobial activity was also observed in presence of AgNPs. The decolorization efficiency at 100 mg/L MB calculated for AgNPs alone was 15.2% and 33.7% and with biochar was 60.3% and 66% at 6 h and 24 h respectively proving as a promising tool in bioremediation applications.

PP 074/BEHSD- 167

Inhibition of miR21 synthesis using natural compounds: Virtual screening based approach

Saumya Srivastava* and Anjana Pandey Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad-211 004, U.P., India

Breast cancer is one of the cancer types with high incidence and mortality rates. The researchers in case of breast cancer have identified various oncogenic miRNAs as biomarkers, that are crucial for carcinogenesis to occur through their binding to various regulatory proteins. One such causative molecule identified is miR21, which when overexpressed is responsible for carcinogenesis. A number of anticancer drugs have been identified, which act by binding to DNA and DNA binding enzymes to check their expression levels. In this study the natural plant based compounds that are capable of binding to miR21 gene were analysed by virtual screening using SPOT Ligand. The identified molecules were then further analysed for their bonding with miR21 gene by docking and their binding energies were calculated. The compounds with minimum binding energies were identified as potential drug candidates for inhibition of miR21 synthesis. The selected compounds were then screened for ADME analysis and toxicity predictions and suitable compounds with minimal toxicity were identified.

PP 075/BEHSD- 177

Extracellular synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles by biosurfactant produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PU1 with antioxidant and anticancer activities

Latha Domdi, Avinash Kant Lakra, Younus Mohd Tilwani and Arul Venkatesan Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Pondicherry-605 014, India

82

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Aim: Greener bioprocess and biosurfactant mediated silver nanoparticle synthesis Background: In the present study we report the isolation of bacterial strain PU1 from the oil contaminated soil and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing (NCBI Accession no. KU375544). Biosurfactant obtained from P. aeruginosa was successfully used for the biosynthesis of insitu silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by water-in-oil micro-emulsion phase. The particles were synthesized using Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as reducing agent. Results and Discussion: PA-AgNPs (P. aeruginosa synthesized AgNPs) showed characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 430 nm. FTIR analysis of PA-AgNPs showed that polysaccharides and lipids are involved in the bioreduction of silver ions into PA-AgNPs and lipids further provide the stability by capping around PA-AgNPs. TEM analysis showed spherical in shape with 20-80 nm in size. XRD and SAED patterns showed that PA-AgNPs are crystalline in nature with face centered cubic (FCC) phase. Particle size distribution showed that PA-AgNPs are 20-80 nm in size with average diameter of 44 nm and polydispersity index (PI) of 0.321. PA-AgNPs were found to possess zeta potential value of -30.0 mV. This high negative potential supports their long term stability without any aggregation. PA-AgNPs have been found to possess effective free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and H2O2 radicals with IC50 values of 72.81 and 92.48 µg/mL respectively. Further these PA-AgNPs showed effective cytotoxicity against HCT119 and HeLa cells. Conclusions: The present work demonstrates a simple eco-friendly method for synthesizing spherical silver nanoparticles by microemulsion technique. AgNPs were successfully synthesized using the biosurfactant from P. Aeruginosa as a nontoxic and biodegradable stabilizing agent.

PP 076/BEHSD- 187

One-pot hydrothermal Synthesis of fluorescent carbon quantum dots from halophilic microalgae for On- Off sensing of Hg(II), Cr (VI) and its invitro live cell imaging

Ankit Kumar Singha, Vikas Kumar Singhb, Mamata Singhc, Prabhakar Singha, Sk. Riyazat Khadima, Urmilesh Singha,Priyanka Mauryaa, Laxmia, Abhishek Mohantaa Biplob Kochc, S. H Hasanb R. K. Asthanaa* R. N. Singh memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; Nanomaterial research laboratory, Department of Chemistry I.I.T BHU, Varanasi-221 005, India Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India

At present scenario, the impact of hazardous chemicals and toxic metal ions on environment creates great threats to the ecosystem. In the present study, we have applied green chemistry approach for the one-step hydrothermal synthesis of carbon quantum dots or carbon nanoparticles by utilizing the, biomass of wall less saline microalga D. Salina (D-CQDs). Synthesized D-CQDs were well characterized by various instrumental techniques such as TEM, FT-IR, P-XRD, DLS and XPS analysis. It showed good photo physical properties with significant fluorescence quantum yield and exhibited blue color under UV – light (λex= 365 nm). Owing to this, synthesized D-CQDs acted as fluorescent turn off sensor for deadly toxic metal ion such as Hg (II) and Cr(VI) with good selectivity and sensitivity and exceptionally sense the Cr(VI) below its permissible level in the drinking water via combination of inner filter effect and dynamic quenching mechanism. Moreover, it showed good sensitivity for Hg(II) and sense up to 0.18 μM through dynamic quenching mechanism. Additionally, the MTT assay of D- CQDs on HEK-293 cell line showed excellent biocompatibility and negligible cytotoxicity hence potentially employed for live cell imaging and intracellular detection of Hg (II) and Cr(VI) in HEK-293 cell in dual channel (green and red). Thus, the ecofriendly synthesized D-CQDS could be a good substitute over chemically derived CQDs.

PP 077/BEHSD- 188

Screening of antimicrobial and anti-HIV activity of crude and purified fraction of Arthrospira platensis and Dunaliella salina isolated from hypersaline lake

Urmilesh Singh, Prabhakar Singh, Ankit Kumar Singh, Laxmi and R. K. Asthana* RN Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India

Currently available drugs are effective against only one-third of the diseases as a result of increased antibiotic resistance in pathogens. Thus, identification of new biologically active compounds is urgently required for development of new drugs.To fulfil the demand for new therapeutic drugs and to decrease the average costs, screening of cyanobacteria and microalgae, which have emerged as an important source of novel bioactive compounds, is required with a particular interest for the pharmaceutical industry. In the present study, the crude

83

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

extracts (prepared in methanol and DMSO) of Arthrospira platensis RKA1 and Dunaliella salina were tested for its antifungal and antibacterial activity using agar disc diffusion method against different pathogenic fungal (Candida albicans, C. tropicalis and Cryptococcus) and MDR bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi and Acinetobacter baumannii) respectively. The extracts from both the organisms were also tested for its antiviral potential against HIV. The anti-HIV test was performed by treating HIV infected Huh-7.5 cells with extracts having concentrations lower than their respective CC50 values.The methanolic extract (100%) showed the best antimicrobial activity against pathogenic organisms. The extracts were subjected to purification via column followed by thin layer chromatography, after assessing the most potent fraction from the column. The A. platensis derived TLCfractions were all effective against fungal strains with inhibition zones ranging from 13-15mm. Fractions T4 and T5 were active against HIV at a concentration of 400μg/mL indicating both organisms as antimicrobial and anti-HIV source.

PP 078/BEHSD- 194

Refolding of thermally denatured Cholesterol oxidases by Magnetic Nanoparticles

Shubhrima Ghosh, Razi Ahmad and Sunil Kumar Khare * Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110 016, India

Background: The interactions of proteins with nanoparticles have a variety of biological significance. Nanoparticles act as an artificial chaperone for the refolding of denatured proteins. Protein misfolding is a major cause of many neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, studies on protein refolding is important. Aim: In this study, thermal denaturation of cholesterol oxidases(CHO) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rhodococcus erythropolis and Streptomyces sp. was studied and functionalized magnetic Iron(II, III) oxide nanoparticles(MNPs) were used for the refolding of the denatured protein. Methods: The thermal inactivation kinetics of native CHO was studied at temperatures 50-70 ºC for different time intervals. The thermally denatured enzyme was incubated with nanoparticles at 25 °C with constant shaking. Appropriate aliquots were withdrawn after regular intervals of time and the enzyme reactivation was studied. Structural studies of the native, denatured and renatured enzymes was carried out through Circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) and Fluorescence spectroscopy. Results and discussion: The heat denatured cholesterol oxidases regained their activity in the presence of the MNPs. The CD spectra of renatured enzyme was almost similar to that of the native one. With thermal denaturation, the protein structure underwent unfolding leading to an increase in fluorescence intensity. In the presence of MNPs, the protein refolded back to its original structure. Conclusions: The current study proves that magnetic nanoparticles are effective in the refolding of heat denatured CHO. The refolded enzymes retained their activity and structure.

PP 079/BEHSD- 201

Highly effective adsorption of Methylene blue from synthetic water using CuO nanoparticles loaded on garlic shell powder

Anuj Kumar Prajapati, Monoj Kumar Mondal Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India

In this study, green Cuo nanoparticles loaded on garlic shell powder (GSP) was prepared from garlic waste and used for removal of Methylene blue from synthetic water under complete batch experiments. Characterization studies of CuO-GSP nanocomposite were performed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and proximate analysis techniques. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the adsorption of Methylene Blue onto CuO-GSP nanocomposite. Maximum adsorption of 98.8% of Methylene Blue removal resulted at optimal conditions of pH 10, the adsorbent dose 3 g/L, equilibrium time 150 min, methylene Blue concentration 100 mg/L and temperature 298 K. Methylene Blue adsorption on the CuO-GSP nanocomposite could be well described using Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Tempkin isotherm model. Adsorption kinetics for Methylene Blue removal on CuO-GSP was also investigated under the different kinetic model like Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second-order than Pseudo-first-order and elovich model. Weber-Moris and Boyd mass transfer model could describe the mass transfer mechanism. Thermodynamic study of the

84

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

adsorption process was determined at 298, 303, 308, 313 and 318 K. Regeneration study of CuO-GSP nanocomposite was investigated with the different type of reagent.

Keywords: Adsorption; Methylene Blue; Copper oxide nanoparticles, Garlic shell waste; isotherm; kinetics

PP 080/BEHSD- 217

Current mechanistic insights into the antimicrobial action of metallic nanoparticles and their implications to combat multi drug resistance

Ashwini Kumar Srivastava1*, Sibhghatulla Shaikh, Khurshid Ahmad and Mohd Hassan Baig2 1Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow; 2Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea

Drug resistant microorganisms are a serious and increasing public health problem. Due to low number of antibiotics approved in recent years and the inability of current antibiotics to fully control bacterial infection, it is obvious that there is great demand for unconventional biocides. Metallic nanoparticles, should be considered as another possible rout for fighting bacteria. However, metallic nanoparticles are toxic, which causes restrictions in their use. Recent studies have shown that combining nanoparticles with antibiotics not only reduces the toxicity of both agents towards human cells by decreasing the requirement for high dosages but also enhances their bactericidal properties. The most critical physico-chemical parameters that affect the antimicrobial potential of metallic nanoparticles include size, shape, surface charge, concentration and colloidal state. Metallic nanoparticles exhibit their antimicrobial potential through multifaceted mechanisms. It is well established that metallic compounds can have or may increase antimicrobial activity. However, the antimicrobial potential of metallic nanostructured particles and their mechanisms of action are still on debate. The mechanism of action of these metallic nanoparticles includes protein membrane damage, production of superoxide radicals and ion release that interact with the cellular granules and form condensed molecules. This review discusses the activities of metallic nanoparticles as an antimicrobial means, their mode of action, nanoparticle effect on drug-resistant bacteria.

PP 081/BEHSD- 233

Highly selective fluorescent sensor probe for detection of Hg (II) and Fe (III) based on hetroatom doped candle soot derived carbon dots

Aditya Pankaja, Kshitij Tewarib, Shiv Singh*band Sheelendra Pratap Singh*a,c aPesticide Toxicology Laboratory & Regulatory Toxicology Group, bNanomaterial Toxicology Group, cAnalytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India

A simple, facile and economical method developed for the synthesis of water dispersible carbon dots (CDs) derived from candle soot, which demonstrated high selectivity and sensitivity towards hazardous metal/ions (Hg (II) and Fe (III)). CDs further functionalized with nitrogen (N) using ethylene diamine precursor for the enhancement of targeted action for selective metal/ions. N-CDs duly characterized by Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Furrier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy and fluorescence (FL). The fluorescence ability of N-CDs was observed under the UV lamp (290-365nm, blue FL emission). Negative zeta potential confirmed N-CDs are having negatively charged surface, which is favorable for trapping of positively charged metal/ions. The average size of N-CDs was found 3-6 nm which may increase the collision and binding probability with metal/ions. At particular concentration of Hg (II) and Fe (III), the FL activity of N-CDs vanished because of selective quenching of metal/ions towards N-CDs. Spectrofluorimetry was used for analyzing FL intensity, along with metal/ions bonding with N-CDs. 30-60 ppb and 80 ppb are linear range and LOD for Hg (II) respectively, while 30-60 ppb and 50 ppb for Fe (III) respectively. This inexpensive method could be applied for the determination of metal/ions contamination in ground water, waste water and industrial effluents due to its higher sensitivity towards the metal/ions and biocompatibility.

85

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

PP 082/BEHSD- 237

Engineered nanoparticle-protein interactions and their significance

Surabhi Jaiswal1,2, Alok K Pandey2 and Sandeep K Sharma1,2 1Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow; 2CSIR-IITR, Lucknow, India

Engineered nanoparticles (ENP) are widely used in various consumer products ranging from food products, packaging and healthcare products, cosmetics, paints, sensors and other gadgets. The popularity of nanoparticles is because of their unique physical and chemical properties which makes them suitable for various applications. As a consequence of their wide applications, the chances of exposure to these nanoparticles to biological systems also increases. Once these nanoparticles enter the biological system, they interact with various bio- molecules like nucleic acids, proteins, membrane lipids etc. The study of nanoparticles-protein interactions is of great importance as it can reveal therapeutic, toxic and mechanistic basis of these interactions. Nanoparticle- protein interaction leads to protein corona formation ultimately resulting in the interdependency of the two. Adsorption of proteins on the nanoparticles alter protein conformation, expose new epitopes on the protein surface or perturb protein functions and the structure of proteins which effect the overall bio-reactivity of nanoparticles in the biological system. These interactions depend on various properties of both nanoparticles and proteins such as size, shape, charge, concentration of nanoparticles and conformation, structure, charge etc., of the proteins. Here we discuss the significance and consequences of nanoparticle-protein interactions.

86

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Abstracts of Poster Presentations - Waste Biorefinery and Sustainability

87

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

PP 083/BEHSD- 108

Biosorption Kinetics of Malachite Green dye using the biochar of Chinese Fan Palm (livistona chinensis) fruit.

H.V. Singh a, Sneha Kumari b, Krishna K Kushwahac, V Thivaharand*, B.S. Girie*and R.S. Singhe* aDepartment of Biotechnology, Kulbhaskar Ashram PG College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; bDepartment of Biotechnology, Naraina Vidyapeeth Engineering and Management Institute, Kanpur 208024 ,Uttar Pradesh, India; c Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Handicapped, Kanpur-208 024, Uttar Pradesh, India; dDepartment of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal-576 104, Karnataka, India; e Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India

The discharge of effluents from the textile industry is a multidimensional problem that affects the ecosystem and human healths in many ways. Though many new technologies are being developed, it remains to be seen which of those can actually be practiced in a real scenario. The current investigation attempts to degrade Malachite Green, a textile dye. Accordingly, the biochar is prepared using the fruits of the Chinese Fan Palm (Livistona chinensis) tree. The kinetics of dye degradation are studied and the parameters are determined. The study advocates that the Langmuir isotherm model simulates the adsorption experiment, to a good extent. From the plot of isotherm, the maximum (monolayer) adsorption capacity, Qm was determined to be 3.864 mg/g. The suitability of Langmuir isotherm model onto biochar was established by the high correlation coefficient, R2 that was higher than 0.97.

PP 084/BEHSD- 110

Bio-sorption and Microbial Degradation of Malachite Green in Packed Bed Bioreactor

Sneha Kumari a, H.V. Singhb, Krishna K Kushwaha c,V Thivaharand*, B.S. Girie*and R. S. Singhe* aDepartment of Biotechnology, Naraina Vidyapeeth Engineering and Management Institute, Kanpur -208 024, Uttar Pradesh, India; bDepartment of Biotechnolog, Kulbhaskar Ashram PG College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; cDepartment of Biotechnology, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology for Handicapped, Kanpur-208 024, Uttar Pradesh, India; dDepartment of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; e Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi-221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India

Present study illustrates the efficiency of the use of biochar derived from fruit of Chinese Fan Palm tree for the removal of malachite green dye using a dual method of biosorption and bioremediation. In this study, for the biodegradation stage, NY media is used with the synthesized biochar (~0.25 g/fruit), made use of in its natural size and not in the powdered form. The biosorption and microbial biodegradation is carried out in a fabricated reactor of 10 cm diameter and 60cm height, filled with bed of biochar of 2 cm height. As per experimental studies, the optimum dose was determined to be 400 ppm dye concentration at 37°C and pH 6, wherein 85% adsorption was attained by using bed of biochar 2 cm high, weighing around 4 g mass. Langmuir isotherm was found to fit the observed experimental data. For the characterization of biochar, techniques such as BET, FTIR and SEM were used. Further, for the degradation of remaining dye, ozone treatment was also applied for best results. Ozoneis supplied for degradation of the entire dye molecule present in the 1.5 L solution, for which it takes 12 min. From the plot, the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum (monolayer) adsorption capacity, Qm was determined to be 3.864 mg/g. The suitability of Langmuir isotherm model onto biochar was established by the high correlation coefficient, R2 that was higher than 0.97.

PP 085/BEHSD- 126

Heavy metals removal from industrial wastewater

Manisha Sharma and Kashyap Kumar Dubey

88

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Bioprocess Engineering laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh- 123 031, India

Currently, the eradication of heavy metal ions from industrial waste drainage is the most extensively investigated area. A number of methods are beneficial for the elimination of heavy by metals like membrane separation, chemical precipitation, reverse osmosis, adsorption and reduction via electrochemical process. The relevance of the techniques, legibility of the plant and the economical efficiency are the main aspects on the basis of which most convenient treatment approaches are elected. Adsorption is the most relevant strategy for the eradication of lead ions from the industrial waste while coagulation flocculation approach is suitable for the elimination of silver ions. The waste water contaminated with heavy metals like Cd, Pb, Cu, As etc. could be intended as the most hazardous because of high solubility of these ions in the aqueous medium. The entry of heavy metals in the food chain could result in the aggregation of heavy metals in our tissues which in turn may cause deliberate health issues. That’s why from health point of view, it is imperative to eradicate heavy metals from the waste water earlier than discharge in the surroundings.

PP 086/BEHSD- 129

An eco-friendly biogenic approach vs chemical counterpart for enhanced eradication of tomato wilt disease

Arpita Bhattacharya, Satyendra Pratap Singh, Ved Prakash Giri, Sumit Kumar Soni, Suchi Srivastava, Poonam C. Singh and Aradhana Mishra Division of Plant Microbes Interactions, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, India

Background: Excessive use of chemical fungicides for controlling phytopathogens has led to contamination of environment by entering the food web. An eco-friendly approach to replace the harmful chemicals is the need of the hour. Aim: Development of an eco-friendly biogenic agent to replace chemical fungicide against Fusarium oxysporum wilt disease in tomato. Methods: The in vitro studies including antagonistic, plant growth promoting activity and alteration in pathogen’s metabolic pathway was used to identify an effective biogenic endophyte against Fusarium oxysporum. In green house experiment parameters like physical, physiological, anatomical and defense responses have been studied in both biogenic intervention and chemical fungicide. Results: The use of endophyte Bacillus tequilensis (MTCC25188) reduces the disease incidence by 80%. The treatment of bio-agent showed enhanced physical parameters i.e. root length, shoot length, number of branches, fresh weight and dry weight by 1.2, 2, 2, 1.6 and 2.2 folds respectively along with physiological and defence responses. The antagonist effect on the pathogen was corroborated with SEM micrographs. The alteration of pathways of pathogen during substrate utilization has also been observed. Discussion: The application of endophyte is eco-friendly and it elicits higher defense responses in the host plant by activating various defense mechanisms including change in anatomy, production of secondary metabolites like phenolic and flavonoid compounds along with responses in antioxidant and defense enzymes. Conclusion: On the whole, the study proposes an eco-friendly approach by the application of biogenic agent for the disease management of the Fusarium wilt by replacing its widely used chemical counterparts.

PP 087/BEHSD- 174

Assessment of water-quality parameters of groundwater contaminated by fly ash leachate near Koradi thermal power plant, Nagpur

Vikas Pandey, Madhurya Ray and Vipin Kumar* Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India

Background: Coal based thermal power plants influence the air, water and soil environment of the region in various ways. Fly-ash (FA) is a by-product of coal combustion in thermal power plants. Fly-ash is predominantly found in the aerial and land environment and the leachate containing FA contaminates the groundwater resources. FA can contain various toxic elements and it is considered hazardous. Aim: Assessment of Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon ground water quality parameters affected by leachate of Fly Ash from Koradi Thermal Power Plant

89

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Method: 10 Samples of groundwater were collected each for Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon periods from nearby fly-ash dumping site of Koradi Power Plant, Nagpur. The assessment of the physico-chemical parameters of the samples were done for pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total hardness and several chemical elements and heavy-metals. The assessments were done according to standard methods of APHA, 1995. Results: The electrical conductivity of the samples ranged from 540 to 2652 mS/cm in Pre-monsoon period while it ranged from 708 to 2618 mS/cm in post-monsoon period. Maximum Chloride concentration was observed in GW-4 in Pre-monsoon season and in GW-9 in post-monsoon season. The concentrations of heavy metals were found to be within the permissible limits of BIS. Discussion: Hardness of water is an essential parameter for monitoring the toxicity of water and it was within permissible limits. Fluoride content of the samples was within a desirable range which is critical for dental health. Conclusion: Groundwater is one of the most critical sources of drinking water in India, thus, regularly monitoring the physico-chemical parameters of groundwater is necessary.

PP 088/BEHSD- 180

Solid waste ragpickers and health issues in India: A comprehensive study

Sweta Kumari and Sunil Kumar Technology Development Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur- 440 020, India

Solid Waste Management (SWM) has become one of the vital issues in India because of its adverse impact on environment and health. The ragpickers play a very important role in SWM and hence their health issues are of paramount important to us. This study aimed to discuss the health issues faced by ragpickers in different parts of India. This review considers all the analytical and questionnaire research work to discuss about the existing health issues of waste pickers, it has been found that the most common health issues involves respiratory illness, musculoskeletal disorder, eye infection, headache, cuts, dermatological problem, cold & cough, unhealthy gum, gastro-intestinal disorder, diarrhea, malaria , typhoid etc. It has been reported that there is also mental illness which exists among the community. The mental illness includes irritability, moderate depression and moderate anxiety. The risk of injuries is also found to be higher in waste picker as compared to other laborer involved in other work. These health issues economically burden the ragpickers for their health care expenses as well as loss of daily wages due to unfitness to perform the work. These social issue needs to be overcome with appropriate training and awareness among ragpickers to reduce the adverse health impact to achieving sustainable development of the country. Awareness among these people can reduce the magnitude of adverse health impact significantly.

PP 089/BEHSD- 192

Challenges and Issues in Developing Countries for Soil Quality Management

Pradip Jadhao, Anshika Singh and Kanchan Kumari* CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur-440 020, India

The nineteenth and twentieth century has been a century of unprecedented population growth, economic development and environmental changes. Rapid industrlization and modern agricultural practices has led to substantial soil pollution and soil quality degradation. Improper management of industrial effluents, solid waste and excessive useof chemicals are the major factors that are contributing to the soil pollution. As a consequence, soil tends be a major reservoir of organic and inorganic pollutants exerting the deleterious effects on soil biodiversity and greatly affecting to soil fertility and the quality. Likewise, these anthropogenic disturbances are deteriorating the capability of soil to act as the largest sink of carbon confronting the urban life sustainability. Degradation of soil quality not only affects the crop productivity but also demolishes various ecosystem services and thus greatly impacts the food security and country’s natural economy. Scientific studies have so far been encouraging but policies regarding soil quality management are not so appropriately implemented unlike water and air legislations. Numerous aspects of soil are still poorly understood and indeed the lack of understanding of processes and complexity of soil may be the main challenge obstructing the management of soil. Management of soil quality needs a sustainable and comprehensive approach including legislations and regulatory framework to establish soil quality standards and thresholds for contaminants and details related to these aspects have been discussed in the full paper.

90

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

PP 090/BEHSD- 193

Synthesis of PE/PP/WS composite for green reinforcement applications

Shobhit Dixit and Vijay Laxmi Yadav* Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanai-221 005, India

Wheat straw based biocomposite films have attracted remarkable attention due to lightweight, biodegradable and higher load-bearing capacity. This study investigated the properties of Polyethylene (PE)/ Polypropylene (PP)/ chemically modified wheat straw (WS) composite for sustainable environment development. The biocomposite films were synthesized using 50 wt% of PE, 10 wt% of PP and 40 wt% of acid & alkali modified WS. The successful replacement of 40 wt% polymer on a global level confirmed by the SEM analysis, XRD analysis, tensile loading test, elongation test, contact angle measurement, water absorption test and water vapor transmission rate for green reinforcement application. SEM and XRD analysis showed a uniform distribution of WS in a PE/PP matrix which is major responsible for improving a tensile property. Higher Contact angle and low water absorption of biocomposite film based on chemically modified WS showed hydrophobicity of a film. The improved mechanical strength with retaining hydrophobicity assures the successful application of this film for green reinforcement.

PP 091/BEHSD- 195

Pesticide (Carbendazim) tolerance and genetic variability of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria from contaminated agricultural soil

Anjney Sharma1, *, Isma Ansari2, Balendu Shekher Giri3* and Alok Kumar Srivastava1 1-ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau Nath Bhanjan, India; 2-Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India; 3-Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, India

To meet the growing demand of food of developing country like India, excess use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers has undoubtedly cause serious emerging environment, soil, water and human health problem. Considering the hazardous effects of chemical pesticides, use of pesticides tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, enhances prolonged soil fertility, are cost effective green eco-friendly technology, which supposed to be a safe alternative to chemical inputs and minimizes ecological disturbance. Taking this into account in the present study through enrichment technique a total thirty-two morphological different and dominant bacterial isolates were obtained from pesticide contaminated agriculture soil. All the isolates were evaluated for their intrinsic resistance against carbendazim, plant growth promoting abilities and genetic variability using DNA based fingerprinting, including restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rDNA fragment (16S rDNA PCR-RFLP), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) and BOX repetitive elements. The results of intrinsic tolerance of pesticides showed that isolates were able to grow from 100 to 1000 ppm carbendazim. Further screening of these isolates for the production of PGP traits revealed that 28 isolates produced IAA, 27 produced siderophore, 19 isolates solubilized zinc, 18 solubilized potassium, while only 10 isolates solubilized phosphorus. Genetic relatedness based on RFLP, ERIC and BOX-PCR generates specific pattern corresponding to particular genotypes. Phylogenetic and 16S rRNA sequence analysis identified the carbendazim tolerant strains as members of the genera Aeromonas, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Escherichia, Exiguobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Serratia. The results showed the possibility to reduce chemical pesticides inputs and may promote the use of bio-inoculants.

PP 092/BEHSD- 205

Fast vegetation cover on coal fly ash lagoon through naturally growing Phragmites karka (Retz.)Trin: A potential ecological engineer

Alka Kumari and Dr Amit Kumar Singh Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India

During survey of coal based power plant of NTPC, Kanti, Muzaffarpur (Bihar), India Phragmites karka was naturally growing on the bank of fly ash disposal ponds. It was growing luxuriantly and densely as compared to

91

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

other vegetation, therefore the present study aimed to explore the phytoremediation potential of naturally and fast growing P. karka and its metabolic adaptation to metal stress. In this context, morphological characters as well as biochemical analysis like metal content in above ground and below ground part including antioxidants like melanoaldehyde, non protein thiols (NPSH) and cystein content were analysed. The bio-concentration factor values of all metals were found greater than 1 which indicates the metal accumulation potential of this target species. Translocation factor value of all the metals was found less than 1, which shows that these metals are stabilized in the root part of the plant. Furthermore, some antioxidant enzymes were also analysed which was significantly higher than plants of P. karka growing in natural ditches. Besides, the target plant P. karka is a hardy, herbaceous perennial grass with woody culms which may be 4-10 m tall having clean dense root system which is naturally equipped for phytostabilization in degraded landfills as soil binder. The result of the analytical data indicates that the target species is suitable candidate for revegetating fly ash lagoons as it bears revealed all characters of a potential soil binder as well as suitability for phytoremediation of fly ash lagoons.

PP 093/BEHSD- 240

Microbial consortia, earthworm and biosurfactant assisted degradation of PAHs in crude oil

Smita Kumari1, Monika Seth2, 3, Sadasivam Anbumani2, 3 and Natesan Manickam1 1Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, 2Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, 3Toxicity Testing, GLP Test Facility, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow – 226 001, India

Due to the massive demand of crude oil, exploration activities and accidental leakage resulted in polyaromatic hydrocarbons contamination in environmental matrices such as water, soil and air. Application of biological tools for remediation is essential to provide sustainable ecosystem in case of contaminated site. The present study is focused on the application of microbial consortia characterized in our laboratory comprising Pseudomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Ochrobactrum sp. and Microbacterium sp. coupled with biosurfactant for PAHs removal. Digboi, Assam, crude oil spiked with microbial consortia showed 30-89% PAHs degradation in 45 days. Maximum degradation was observed for chrysene (89%) whereas benzo(a)pyrene showed only 30% degradation. Exposure of earthworms to crude oil along with the microbial consortia resulted in 99% chrysene degradation followed by naphthalene and fluoranthene at 98% and 93% respectively. In case of phenanthrene, pyrene, acenaphthylene 60-70% degradation is noted followed by 28% benzo(a)pyrene degradation. This enhanced degradation may be due to the burrowing activity of earthworms in soil that renders the PAHs availability to the microbes leading to accelerated removal. Also we observed that microbial consortia along with biosurfactant leads to 31-97% degradation of selected PAHs, chrysene (97%) pyrene (76%), naphthalene and phenanthrene (73-74%), fluoranthene (70%), acenaphthylene and benzo(a)pyrene (64% & 33%) respectively. Earthworm tissue samples subjected to UHPLC analysis revealed the accumulation of PAHs (25- 70%) under tested conditions. The findings showed that the selected microbial consortium along with surfactant can be applied for PAHs degradation and further studies are required on earthworm ecotoxicity before it enroute to field trials.

92

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Abstracts of Poster Presentations - Waste to Wealth- Resource Recovery

93

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

PP 094/BEHSD- 109

Utilisation of construction and demolition waste: Sequestration of CO2 and its future applications

Shaniv Kumar Tiwaria, M Thivaharanb, A K Srivastavaa, Balendu Shekher Giric,* and R S Singhc aBundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284001, India; bDepartment of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal-576 104, Karnataka, India; c Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi-221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India

The aim of this work was to enhance the capacity of CO2 sequestration through construction and demolition (C&D) waste using a novel dynamic experimental setup method. As per our knowledge and literature survey, this paper brings the first study of a dynamic method for the CO2 sequestration. Experiments were carried out in a novel batch reactor, designed specifically for efficient contact of C&D waste with carbon dioxide. The reactor 0 0 was operated at temperatures of 35 C and 40 C and humidity between 60 and 80%. The flow rate of CO2 was fixed at 1 L/min while the water-to-solid ratio was maintained at 0.4. This was performed for two samples – one was a mix of C&D wastes while another was a mixture of Cement and Fly-ash. The formation of solid carbonate was observed at different rotation speeds of the batch reactor. Very impressive results have been obtained in terms of theoretical extent of carbonation of 39.1%, in case of the mixture of cement and fly ash. In the case of carbonation using C&D mix waste, we obtained 25% theoretical extent of carbonation. After increasing the CO2 pressure up to 10 L/min result increases immediately it is about 37.2% just after 15 hours at rotation 60RPH and temperature 40 0C of mixture of cement and fly ash. Quantitative, qualitative and morphological analyses of the sample were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS).

PP 095/BEHSD- 111

Optimization of ecofriendly production of Poly-β-HydroxyButyrate Biopolymer for synthesis of bioplastic from Alcaligenes latus Using wastes obtained from sugar industries

Kanchan Bhatt1, Manvi1, Apurva Anand Singh1, Siddharth Vats1, Mohd Haris Siddiqui2 and Abuzer Amir1* 1Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow; 2Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India

Background: Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a type of polyester synthesized by bacteria as inclusion bodies. Its biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastic with various applications and is completely non-toxic. Aim: Production Optimization of Poly-β-HydroxyButyrate biopolymer for synthesis of bioplastic from Alcaligenes latus Using wastes obtained from sugar industries. Methods: Alcaligenes latus sub-cultured weekly on broth media containing peptone (10g/L), beef extract (5g/L) and NaCl (5g/L), 37℃ for 48 h, intermittently screened for PHB production using Sudan Black Staining (SBS). Medium optimization was done for A.latus with inoculation (5%) in 100 ml, five sets (C1: C+N, 0.1% +0.01%, C2:C+N, 0.3 +0.02, C3: C+N, 0.5 +0.03, C4: C+N, 0.0% +0.02% and C5:C+N, 0.3 +0.0, where Carbon source (molasses) and Nitrogen source (ammonium sulphate) at a range of temperature(35, 40, 37.50C ) and pH (5-7), in incubator shaker for 48 h, centrifuged at 6000rpm for 10 minutes, pellets air dried, dried biomass was suspended with 2.5ml of 4% sodium hypochlorite solution and 2.5ml of chloroform, centrifuged at 1,500rpm for 10min, three phases obtained, bottom phase contains PHB along with chloroform. Results: The optimum and maximum production of PHB were at C3 with 5g molasses, 3g/L ammonium sulphate, 37.5℃ temperature and pH 7. For validation process was scaled up to 500ml. Discussion: Bioplastic as an alternative to polyethylene can solve various pollution related issues. Cheap substrates like molasses is a solution based approach. Conclusion: Production of bioplastic (PHB), from molasses was carried.

PP 096/BEHSD- 124

Electricity generation by microbial fuel cell using Dairy wastewater, vermicompost and Hostel Sewage sludge

Ashima Srivastava, Pratibha Singh , Jyoti Joshi and R.S. Jagadish Department of Chemistry, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Sector 62, Noida 201 301, India

94

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

In the present study, microbial fuel cell (MFC) containing aluminium plates as electrodes was used for power generation utilizing different sources, such as dairy wastewater, vermicompost and Hostel Sewage sludge. The dairy wastewater (effluent), vermicompost and sewage served as an effective substrate as they all are rich in organic content. It was observed that aluminium plates gave a maximum of 907 mV electricity after 60 h of operation when used with wastewater, while the cell using vermicompost functioned disappointingly to produce a maximum of 131 mV. In case of sewage, a maximum of 516 mV electricity was generated. In the MFC, anode solution was in batch and cathode was in continuous mode of operation under optimum conditions of the operating parameters like pH, oxygen flow rate and substrate concentration.

PP 097/BEHSD- 150

Waste to wealth value added recovery of 6-O-ascorbyl esters and isolation of a new flavonoid from seeds of Aegle marmelos (family- Rutaceae)*

Nishant Pandey,a Surendra Jatav,a Pratibha Dwivedi,a Ranju Bansal,b Vivek Ahluwaliaa, Vinod K. Tiwaric and Bhuwan B. Mishraa aBio-product Chemistry, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), PO Manauli, SAS Nagar, Mohali-140306, Punjab, India bUniversity Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India cDepartment of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India

Backgroud: Aegle marmelos fruit processing accounts for 60% of whole fruit mass while 40% remains unutilized and generates waste which do not have high value applications. Aim: Isolation and characterization of phytochemicals from seeds A. Marmelos and semi-synthesis of 6-O- ascorbyl esters.

Figure 1. Structure of compound 1 and UPLC of 6-O-ascorbyl esters

Methods: A. marmelos seeds were extracted with n-hexane and EtOAc. Ethyl acetate residue was chromatographed over silica gel to afford 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4′-hydroxy-3′-isopentyloxyphenyl-4H-chromen-4- one (1). A flask containing ascorbic acid (3.0 g) and 98% sulphuric acid was added with 5.4g of A. marmelos seed oil uder stirring at RT. The reaction mixture was added with ice flakes and CH2Cl2. Product seperation by physical methods of cooling and centrifugation. Product indentification by UPLC using L-ascorbic acid 6- palmitate and L-ascorbic acid 6-stearate as standard (Fig. 1). Results and Discussion: Structure of 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4′-hydroxy-3′-isopentyloxyphenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (1) was established using IR, UV, NMR and MS. A. marmelos oil contains fatty acids e.g., palmitic, stearic, myristic acid, etc., hence, a chemical reaction of oil with ascorbic acid at ambient temperature in the presence of conc. sulphuric acid was carried out to afford the lipophilic 6-O-ascorbyl esters with a high regioselectivity. Conclusion: A new compound 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4′-hydroxy-3′-isopentyloxyphenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (1) was isolated from seeds of A. marmelos. Non-edible seed oil was used as a substrate for semi-synthesis of 6-O- ascorbyl esters with a high regioselectivity and purity. Isolation of a new flavonoid and waste to wealth recovery of 6-O-Ascorbyl Esters from Seeds of Aegle marmelos (family-Rutaceae) Nat Prod Res 2018, doi: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1499630.

PP 098/BEHSD- 162

Establishment of resveratrol and its derivatives as neuroprotectant against monocrotophos induced neurodevelopment injury in mesenchymal stem cells

Ruchi Yadav and Prachi Srivastava Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India

95

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Monocrotophos (MCP) is a broad spectrum organophosphorus insecticide, which is widely used as foliar spray to the different important crops. MCP may reach the soil and the aquatic environment directly or indirectly during and after the application, which leads to the different environmental issues. MCP is found to be associated with neurotoxicity and its toxic effects have been monitored during different stages of neuronal development. Identification of genes expression in MCP induced neurotoxicity during neuronal developmental stage is a major area of genomic research interest. In accordance with this identification, screening of potential neuroprotective, natural resources are also required as a preventive aspects by targeting the impaired genes. In this current course of work microarray experiment have been used to identify genes that are expressed in monocrotophos (MCP) induced Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Four samples were prepared control, resveratrol (RV), MCP pre exposed to RV, MCP post exposed to RV and hybridised to Affymetrix microarray platform (Primeview). Differential gene expression (DEGs), Clustering, and Significant analysis of microarray is done between different sets of samples. Two genes NIPBL (Nipped-B-like protein) and POU4F1 (POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 1) were identified that are significantly expressed when MSCs were exposed to MCPs and show minimum expression in presence of RV.Homology modelling and docking study is done to identify the effect of resveratrol and its derivatives on NIPBL and POU4F1 protein.Docking analysis shows that RV and its derivatives have strong interaction with NIPBL and POU4F1 protein, hence proves the significance of resveratrol as potential neuroprotectant. This paper highlights the hazardous impact of MCP on neuronal development disorders and repairing potentiality of RV and its derivatives on altered gene involved in neuronal diseases.

PP 099/BEHSD- 208

Equilibrium solubility of co2 in aqueous blend of 2-(diethylamine) ethanol and ethylene diamine (eda)

Shailesh Kumar and M.K. Mondal Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi- 221 005, India

Recently, the removal of CO2 from a waste gas stream such as flue gas, syngas, blast furnace gas released from various anthropogenic sources has essential both for the environment and economic purpose. In the CO2 capture process, the CO2 solubility data are a significant role in the selection of any efficient solvent as well as design and operation. So, in this work, equilibrium solubility of CO2 into an aqueous binary mixture of 2- (Diethylamino)ethanol (DEEA) and Ethylene diamine (EDA) has been investigated in the temperature range of 303.15-333.15 K and inlet CO2 partial pressure in the range of 10.133-20.265 kPa. The total concentration of aqueous amine mixtures in the range of 1.0-3.0 kmol/m3 and mole fraction of EDA in total amine mixture in the range of 0.05-0.20 were taken in this work. The CO2 absorption experiment was performed at atmospheric condition using laboratory scale bubble column to measure equilibrium solubility of CO2 in amine mixture. The new solubility data of CO2 in the present work was compared with existing literature data.

96

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Abstracts of Poster Presentations - Late Abstracts

97

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

PP 100/BEHSD-243

Exploration of the biodegradation potential of bacteria by culture techniques and their validation through whole genome sequencing

Raj Kumar Regara,b, Vivek Kumar Gaura, Neha Guptaa, and Natesan Manickama,* aEnvironmental Biotechnology Division, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; bDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarsi Das University, Lucknow-226 028, Uttar Pradesh, India

Traditionally microorganisms for the biodegradation of xenobiotics were isolated based on the “selective enrichment” method. Recent advancements in molecular techniques however enabled the rapid and accurate strategies for isolation, detection, and monitoring of biodegradative bacteria using catabolic genes, whole genome and metagenomics approaches. In the report, we studied Acinetobacter baumannii and Alcaligenes faecalis isolated through enrichment with persistent toxicants from river waters for degradation potential and metabolic versatility. Both the bacteria were evaluated for their biodegradation potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls. A detailed mapping is also obtained for their resistance against multiple classes of antibiotics and heavy metals. Both the A.baumannii and A. faecalis whole genome sequence done though Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform paired-end sequencing then assembled, annotated, and submitted to NCBI. It was found that both bacterial strains have resistance to 6 major classes’ β-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, fluoroquinolone, macrolides and lincosamide of antibiotics and resistance to heavy metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). Culture studied proved that both the bacteria were able to grow on biphenyl, bisphenol, anthracene, naphthalene, and indole as sole source of carbon and energy. Whole genome sequence-based data revealed the genes / gene clusters related to antibiotic, metal resistance mechanism, genes encoding the degradation of anthracene, naphthalene, and indole. Thus, the isolated bacteria could potentially be useful for the removal of chemicals present in several hazardous ecosystems.

Keywords: Bacterial whole genome, Biodegradation, Metal resistance, Antibiotics resistance.

PP 101/BEHSD-241

Elucidation of microbial structure shifts and keystone microorganisms in high pressure anaerobic digestion

Jeong-Hoon Park1#, Ganesh Dattatray Saratale2#, Seung Gu Shin3, Juhee Shin3, Min-Wook Jeong4, Yun- Kyu Choi4 and Si-Kyung Cho4* 1School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Energy Engineering, Future Convergence Technology Research Institute, Gyeongnam 12 National University of Science and Technology, Gyeongnam 52725, Republic of Korea; 4Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk- ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea # Both the authors contributed equally to this work.

The impurities in biogas during anaerobic digestion (AD) should be properly removed to meet the standard of downstream usages. Despite well-proven performance of commonly available physico-chemical biogas upgrading technologies, no and/or lack of economic feasibility has been reported at smaller scale biogas plants. To overcome this problem with economically promising method, the high pressure AD system has been developed and successfully demonstrated at various pressures and even at two-phases. As an attempt to elucidate the responsible microorganisms for high pressure AD, in this study, effects of initial physical pressure (1, 3 and 6 bar) on both microbial structure and their shifts were thoroughly analyzed via next generation sequencing (NGS) technique. In addition, keystone microorganisms of high pressure AD were investigated via network analysis for the first time. Microbial analyses revealed that high pressure condition selectively inhibited the growth of Thiopseudomonas in genus level while phylum Thermotoga, mostly affiliated with Defluviitoga, became dominant. In addition, high pressured reactor (3 and 6 bar) was categorized in same cluster while normal pressured reactor showed significantly different cluster, indicating the apparent microbial shifts. Finally, the strong correlation and interaction of Methanobacteria and Methanomicrobia with Alkaliphilus and

98

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Petrimonas was identified under high pressured reactor and they could presumably be suggested as the keystone microorganisms in high pressure AD.

Keywords: High pressure anaerobic digestion, biogas upgrading, Next generation sequence, network analysis, keystone microorganism

PP 102/BEHSD-244

Isolation and characterization of biosurfactant from bacteria and their use in enhanced removal of persistent pollutants

Varsha Tripathia, Vivek Kumar Gaura, Neha Guptaa, Nitesh Dhimanb,c, Raj Kumar Regara and Natesan Manickama aEnvironmental Biotechnology Division, bNanotherapeutics & Nanomaterial Toxicology group, cAcademy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Five different bacteria with the ability to biodegrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon have been previously isolated and characterized in our laboratory. Previously these bacteria have been identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia IITR87, Ochrobactrum anthropi IITR07, Pseudomonas mendocina IITR46, Microbacterium esteraromaticum IITR47 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa IITR48 and deposited at MTCC, IMTECH, Chandigarh. In this study, their ability to produce biosurfactant has been evaluated for their possible utilization in environmental application. The biosurfactant production is verified based on surface tension reduction, emulsification activity and drop collapse techniques. The reduced surface tension and elevated emulsification activity values obtained were 57 N/m, 47 N/m, 49 N/m, 58 N/m and 29 N/m; 61.69%, 63.19%, 62.97%, 57.85%, and 59.87% respectively. The surfactant produced was found to be stable over a wide range of pH 2 to 12, temperature 4 to 121 °C and salt concentrations of 2 to 14 % (NaCl). Biosurfactant obtained could remove crude oil and mustard oil from cloth matrix efficiently. Rhamnosyl transferase genes (rhlA, rhlB and rhlC) encoding for the synthesis of mono- and di-rhamnolipid surfactants, and their occurrence in the isolated strains were also verified. Verification of these genes in the isolated bacteria may indicate the type of biosurfactants. The detailed identification of surfactants produced in these environmental isolates, is expected to help in developing a cocktails of robust molecules for their application in desorption of complex persistent hydrocarbons from oily sludge waste contamination sites.

Keywords: Glycolipids, Rhamnosyl transferase, Surfactant stability

PP 103/BEHSD-245

Interaction of Fungus Serendipita indica Reduces Arsenic Toxicity in Host Plant

Jagriti Shukla1,3 ,Shayan Mohd.1, Aparna S. Kushwaha1,3, Kapil Mandrah2,3, Somendu K. Roy2,3, Manoj Kumar1,3 1Environmental Microbiology Lab, 2Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow-226 001 India; 3Academy of Scientifice and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR, Lucknow-226 001 Uttar Pradesh, India

Interaction between endophytic fungi and plants are one of the unique association found in nature. Endophytic fungus Serendipita indica (S. indica) is associated with roots of a large no. of plants. This fungus not only promotes vegetative growth and tolerance towards different stresses (salt, cold, drought etc.) in associated host plants but also protect them against metal toxicity. Arsenic contamination is one of the common problem in Indian groundwater specially in Ganga-Meghana-Brahmaputra plain. Groundwater is not only used for drinking purpose but also for irrigation, from where it enters in food chain. Rice is one of the major crop which is grow in these regions. In the present study we investigate effect of fungus S. indica on arsenic mobilization in rice plants. We observed that in S. indica colonized plants arsenic is restricted in roots while only a small fraction mobilized in shoot of rice plants.Furthur it was also observed that fungus protect rice plants from arsenic toxicity by modulating antioxidative status of host. In this study it was found that S. indica can reduce the arsenic accumulation in plants and can be applied to agricultural fields contaminated with arsenic.

PP 104/BEHSD-246

99

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Therapeutic potential of sulforaphane against arsenic induced nephrotoxicity via PI3K/Akt mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Thangapandiyan Shanmugam1*, Ramesh Mathan1, Miltonprabu Selvaraj2, Bavithra Jothi Gunasekaran1, Hema Tamilselvan1 and Nandhini Venkatesan 1 1Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 064, Tamilnadu, India; 2Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Chennai-600 025, Tamilnadu, India

Arsenic (Ar), a naturally occurring environmental toxicant, is capable of causing acute renal failure as well as renal cancer. Ar is known to exert its toxicity through oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The current exploration investigates the defensive efficacy of sulforaphane (SFN) against arsenic provoked renal damage via PI3K/Akt mediated Nrf2 pathways. Thirty two male Wistar albino rats were subjectively divided into 4 groups (n=8): the control, arsenic (Ar), Sulforaphane+Ar (SFN+Ar), and Sulforaphane alone (SFN) was orally administrated with Ar (5 mg/kg BW) and SFN (80mg/kg BW) daily for 28 days. Arsenic direction drastically (P<0.05) amplified the echelon of ROS, OHdG, Ar accumulation, lipid peroxidation as well as decreased levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Notably, a significant (P<0.05) increase in the apoptotic markers, DNA damage, positive TUNEL cells and dark staining of ICAM in renal tissue with decreased PI3K/Akt/ Nrf2 gene. Moreover, the histopathological and electron microscopic evaluation also supports the biochemical findings showed severe renal damages in rats treated with Ar. Pre- supervision of SFN significantly (P<0.05) attenuated renal ROS, OHdG, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and increased phase II antioxidants via PI3K/Akt/ mediated Nrf2 activation in renal tissue. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of SFN protects against Ar induced nephrotoxicity via PI3K/Akt mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway in rat kidney.

Key Words: Sulforaphane; Arsenic; Rat; Nephrotoxicity; PI3K/Akt; Nrf2 pathway;

100

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Biotech Research Society, India (BRSI)

The Biotech Research Society, (ERSI), India with its registered office (Registration No- T-5700) at CSIR- National Institute for interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Kerala, is an apolitical, non - profit, scientific, professional society dedicated to promote excellence and competence in the field of biotechnology for the benefit of mankind. The society works on various aspects fundamentally to promote R&D in biotechnology, bring interaction between academic institutes and biotech industries and interact with industries and help them in resolving their problems as well make them aware with the new developments in biotech sector. It also provides training in biotechnology and encourages dissemination of biotech knowledge through the organization of lectures, seminars and symposia on scientific programmes and societal missions.

BRSI was founded in 2003 by Professor Ashok Pandey, over these years, the society has grown with more than 3700 Individual members with significant percentage being Life Members. BRSI looks beyond the disparities of nationality, age, gender, etc and is open for membership to all interested researchers from across the globe in form of Life member (Indian and overseas), Ordinary member and Student member. This fast growing membership is also augmented by strong ties of the society with elite Affiliates and various International organizations united with bilateral Memorandum of' Understanding (MoUs). BRSI is celebrating its 15th year of existence with this year (2018).

With an idea to bring together the scientists, engineers and other experts from across the world to deliberate on global developments mainly in the fields of Food, Industrial, Medical and Environmental Biotechnology, BRSI has been continuously organizing the annual conferences. These scientific meetings prepare a ground for seeding new ideas and nurturing knowledge knowledge through critical discussions on the contemporary developments in biotechnology. The Interactions among the participants from different spheres will serve to generate new knowledge based research among biotechnologists and assist in promoting environmentally sustainable industries and institutions. It also provides a good opportunity to inform stakeholders and decision- makers about the emerging areas in the biotechnology domain. For more information, please visit: http://www.brsi.in/ or write to [email protected] or [email protected]

101

Bio-Innovation for Environmental and Health Sustainable Developments (BEHSD-2018)

Sponsor

About Department Uttar Pradesh State Bio-energy Development Board established under state approval by G.O. number 40/2015/1261/35-1-2015-2/1(86)-2014 dated December 3rd 2015 with measure objective facilitating the task of promotional development and assures supply of bio-energy product like bio- diesel, bio-ethanol, bio-gas & producer gas to the state. The whole mechanism of execution process is totally based on value chain in entrepreneurship mode. This mechanism has been adopted to create sustainable self employment opportunities to the youth to the state in environment friendly manner it will also ensure the progressive reduction of petroleum impact and substitute of fuel bio- energy means where solid, liquid or in gaseous form. It will also ensure the regular reasonable return to the farmer through climate resilient agriculture, activities like super food production, medical aromatic and marketing activities.

102

Digital India Power To Empower

fo"kkDrrk ijh{k.k% th ,y ih vuq#i lqfo/kk

CSIR Touching Lives fo"kkDrrk ijh{k.k% T O X I C I T Y T E S T I N G : th ,y ih vuq#i lqfo/kk xqM yScksjsVjh izSfDVl (th,yih) varjjk"Vªh; Lohd`r Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) is an internationally laxBukRed izfdz;k vkSj fLFkfr ls lacaf/kr xq.koRrk iz.kkyh gSA blesa accepted quality system concerned with the iwoZ&uSnkfud LokLF; vkSj i;kZoj.k lqj{kk ds v/;;u dh ;kstuk organizational process and the conditions under which cukus o iw.kZ djus] vuqoh{k.k djus] ntZ djus rFkk fjiksVZ rS;kj djus pre-clinical health and environmental safety studies are o laxzg.k dk dk;Z fd;k tkrk gSA jk"Vªh; ,oa varjjk"Vªh; fu;ked planned, performed, monitored, recorded, reported and izkf/kdj.k@,tsafl;ksa dks vkS|skfxd jlk;u] vkS"kf/k] i'kq&fpfdRlk archived. The national and international regulatory nokvksa] dhVuk'kdksa] dkWLesfVd mRiknksa] [kkn~; mRiknksa vkSj QwM authorities/agencies require the safety data of all new ,fMfVOl lfgr lHkh u, mRiknksa dks ckt+kj esa ykus ls igys lqj{kk products prior to their launch into the market. GLP is a system, which has been evolved by the Organisation for ijh{k.k dh vko';drk gksrh gSA mi;qZDr lqj{kk y{;ksa dh izkfIr gsrq Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and th,yih iz.kkyh] vkxZukbt+s'ku Qkj bdksuksfed dks&vkWijs'ku ,aM is used for achieving such safety goals. MsoyiesaV ¼vksbZlhMh½ }kjk fodflr dh xbZ gSA lh,lvkbZvkj&Hkkjrh; fo"kfoKku vuqla/kku laLFkku CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR- IITR), a constituent laboratory of the Council of (lh,lvkbZvkj&vkbZvkbZVhvkj)] oSKkfud rFkk vkS|ksfxd vuqla/kku ifj"kn~ dh ,d ?kVd iz;ksx”kkyk gSA bls twu] 2014 esa fo"kkDrrk vkSj Scientific & Industrial Research, received certificate of GLP compliance in June 2014 for toxicity and mRifjorZtfu;rk v/;;u ds fy, th,yih vuqikyu gsrq izek.k&i= mutagenicity studies. It is the first laboratory of the CSIR izkIr gqvk gSA lh,lvkbZvkj ifjokj esa vkbZvkbZVhvkj ,slh izFke family to receive this international accreditation. The iz;ksx”kkyk gS ftls ;g varjjk"Vªh; ekU;rk izkIr djus dk xkSjo GLP certificate is a testament of high quality research by feykA th,yih izek.k&i=] l{ke ,oa izf'kf{kr dfeZ;ksa ds ,lvksih way of thorough SOP-driven practices by competent lapkfyr vH;klksa ,oa O;ofLFkr izys[kuksa }kjk mPp xq.koRrk&ijd well-trained personnel and systematic documentation. vuqla/kkuksa dh ,d vf/kd`r iz.kkyh gSA lh,lvkbZvkj&vkbZvkbZVhvkj The GLP laboratories at CSIR-IITR are designed as per esa th,yih iz;ksx'kkyk,a vksbZlhMh ds fn'kk&funsZ'kksa ds vuqlkj cukbZ OECD guidelines, which make the integrity and quality xbZ gSa tks fd iz;ksx'kkyk ds vkadM+ksa dks fo”o Lrj ij fu;ked of the laboratory data adequate for regulatory izLrqrhdj.k ds fy, i;kZIr fo'oluh; ,oa xq.koRrk&ijd cukrh gSaA submissions across the globe. Our enthusiastic team at gekjh th,yih VsLV lqfo/kk dk mRlkgh lewg] fo"kkDrrk ,oa the GLP Test Facility is committed to realize its mission tSo&lqj{kk ds {ks= esa oSf'od t:jrksa dks igpkuus ,oa le>us ds fy, towards serving the global needs in the area of toxicology ifzrc) gAS ifjfLFkfrdh&fo"kkDrrk v/;;uk as d sfy, th,yih ekU;rk and biosafety. This facility has the distinction of being the ikzIr dju sokyh ,d ek= ljdkjh i;zkxs'kkyk gkus sdk xkjSo Hkh bl only government laboratory with GLP accreditation for ecotoxico-logical studies. th,yih ijh{k.k lqfo/kk dks izkIr gSA

th,yih izekf.kr v?;;u miyC?k% GLP certified studies available: n ,D;wV vksjy fo"kkärk v/;;u n Acute oral toxicity n ,D;wV MeZy fo"kkärk v/;;u n Acute dermal toxicity n lc&,D;wV vksjy fo"kkärk v/;;u ¼14 ;k 28 fnu½ n Sub-acute oral toxicity (14 or 28 days) n lc&,D;wV MeZy fo"kkärk v/;;u ¼14 ;k 28 fnu½ n Sub-acute dermal toxicity (14 or 28 days) n lc&Øksfud vksjy fo"kkärk v/;;u ¼90 fnu½ n Sub-chronic oral toxicity (90 days)

n lc&Øksfud MeZy fo"kkärk v/;;u ¼90 fnu½ n Sub-chronic dermal toxicity (90 days)

n Øksfud vksjy fo"kkärk v/;;u ¼180 fnu½ n Chronic oral toxicity (180 days) n n ekbØksU;wfDy;l ,ls ¼bu foVªks vkSj bu ohoks½ Micronucleus assay (in vitro and in vivo) n n xq.klw= foiFku v/;;u ¼bu foVªks vkSj bu ohoks½ Chromosomal aberration test (in vitro and in vivo) n çkbejh fLdu bfjVs'ku VsLV Primary skin irritation test n fLdu lsUlhVkbZts'ku VsLV n Skin sensitization test n tyh; ,oa LFkyh; thoksa esa i;kZoj.kh; fo"kkärk v/;;u n Environmental toxicity studies on aquatic & ¼dsapqvk vkSj eN~yh½ terrestrial organisms (Earthworm and Fish) fo"kkDrrk v/;;u gsrq jlk;uksa ds izdkj Types of chemicals/materials for toxicity studies n vkS|ksfxd jlk;u n dhVuk”kd n Industrial chemicals n u;s jklk;fud rRo n Pesticides n vkS’kf/k n New chemical entities n lkSan;Z izlk/ku lkexzh n Pharmaceuticals n QhM ,oa QwM ,fMfVOl n Cosmetics n uSukseVhfj;Yl n Feed and Food additives n n tSo fpfdRlk izR;kjksi.k Nanomaterials n Biomedical Implants v/;;u gsrq ijh{k.k iz.kkyh n jSV (foLVkj) n ekml ¼fLol vyfcuks( lhMh&1( ,l ds ,p&1( lh 57 ch,y@6( Test systems for the studies ckYc@lh½ n Rat (Wistar) n n jSfcV (U;wt+hySaM Og~kbV) Mouse (Swiss albino; CD-1; SKH-1; C57BL/6; BALB/C) n Rabbit (New Zealand White) n fxuh fix (gVZys) n Guinea Pig (Hartley) n tyh; ,oa LFkyh; tho n Aquatic and terrestrial organisms

vksbZlhMh ds dk;Zdkjh lewg esa Hkkjr dks] th,yih gsrq iw.kZ vuqikyu India has a full adherence member status of OECD's Working lnL; dk ntkZ izkIr gSA vr% jlk;u@QkeZwys”ku] dhVuk”kdksa] Group on GLP. Hence, the toxicity/bio-safety data generated for chemicals/formulations, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, vkS"kf/k lkSan;Z izlk/ku mRiknksa] [kkn~; mRiknksa] vkSj Q+wM ,fMfVOl gsrq cosmetics, feed and food additives; from GLP Test Facility will be vkbZvkbZVhvkj esa th,yih ijh{k.k lqfo/kk ds ek/;e ls rS;kj accepted as such by the regulatory authorities in more than 90 fo"kkDrrk@tSolqj{kk fjiksZV] 90 ls vf/kd ns'kksa esa ekU; gS ftuesa 34 countries including 34 OECD member countries and all other vksbZlhMh lnL; ns'k 'kkfey gSaA associated non-member countries.

th,yih vuqikyu ds varxZr miyC/k v/;;u Studies undertaken following GLP compliant conditions n ,D;wV var% 'oluh; fo"kkDrrk ijh{k.k n Acute inhalation toxicity n 'ys"ek f>Yyh mRrstuk ijh{k.k n Mucous membrane irritation test n Ropk laosnhdj.k ijh{k.k n Skin sensitisation test n lkekU; iztuu {kerk dh tkap&ij[k ijh{k.k n General reproductive performance screening test n VsjkVkstsuhflVh ijh{k.k n Teratogenicity test n ,d ih<+h dh iztuu fo"kkDrrk n One generation reproductive toxicity n nks ih<+h dh iztuu fo"kkDrrk n Two generation reproductive toxicity n nks ih<+h dh dSaljtuu'khyrk dk v/;;u n Two year carcinogenicity study n MkQfu;k esa ifjfLFkfrd fo"kkDrrk ijh{k.k n Ecotoxicity studies in Daphmia GLP Compliance Certificate No. GLP/C-102/2017, Dated: 01/08/2017 issued by National Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Compliance Monitoring Authority (NGCMA) Department of Science and Technology, Government of India

fo"kkDrrk ijh{k.k% th ,y ih vuq#i lqfo/kk d`i;k lwpuk ds fy, laidZ djsa% funs’kd Director lh,lvkbZvkj&Hkkjrh; fo"kfoKku vuqla/kku laLFkku CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research fo”kfoKku Hkou] 31] egkRek xka/kh ekxZ Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg iksLV ckDl la0&80] y[kuÅ&226001] Hkkjr Post Box No. 80, Lucknow-226001, India bZesy% [email protected] Email: [email protected] Qksu: +91-522-2628228, 2621856 Phone: +91-522-2628228, 2621856 ijh{k.k lqfo/kk izca/ku Test Facility Management lh,lvkbZvkj&Hkkjrh; fo"kfoKku vuqla/kku laLFkku CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research xg: ifjlj] ljkstuh uxj vkS|ksfxd {ks= Gheru Campus, Sarojini Nagar Industrial Area Lucknow-226008, India y[kuÅ &226008] Hkkjr bZesy% [email protected] Email: [email protected] Qksu: ++91-522-2476091, 2476952 Phone: +91-522-2476091, 2476952

CITAR provide access to in house NABL accrediated and GLP certified facilities for product development.

Cell Biology Cell culture Live Cell Analysis Facility Flow Cytometry (BD influx, Canto Models) Robosep for stem cell biology Molecular Real Time PCR facility (Quant Studio 6 Flex) Biology High Throughput Real Time PCR Array (Quant Studio 12 Flex & 7900 HT) IR imaging facility for immunoblots and in Cell Western (LI-COR ODYSSEY CLX) Facility Protein purification Protein analysis Fermenters Sensor and devices Product and process development

INDIA

,u,ch,y }kjk jklk;fud ,oa fo”kkDrrk ijh{k.k% th,yih vuq#i lqfo/kk tSfod ijh{k.k gsrq izR;kf;r Toxicity Testing: GLP Test Facility Accredited by NABL for chemical and biological testing Platin um J u b i l e

e

1

9

4

2

-

2

0

1 6

CSIR-IITR, Lucknow is the only multidisciplinary research institute in the field of toxicology in South-East Asia with the motto:

R & D Areas Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Environmental Toxicology Regulatory Toxicology Nanotherapeutics & Nanomaterial Toxicology Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment R&D Partnership for Industries & Startup Centre for Innovation and Translational Research (CITAR) Services Offered GLP Certified Pre-clinical Toxicity Studies NABL (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) Accredited Safety/ Toxicity Evaluation of NCEs Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring Analytical Services Environmental Monitoring and Impact Assessment Information on Chemicals/Products Recognitions Scientific & Industrial Research Organizations (SIROs) UP Pollution Control Board (Water & Air) Indian Factories Act (Drinking water) Bureau of Indian Standards (Synthetic Detergents) Food Safety & Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)

Technologies Developed/ Available Oneer- A Novel Solution for Safe Drinking Water Portable Water Analysis Kit Mobile Laboratory for Environment and Human Health AO Kit for Rapid Screening of Argemone in Mustard Oil MO Check for Detection of Adulterant Butter Yellow in Edible Oils

INDIA VISHVIGYAN BHAWAN, 31, MAHATMA GANDHI MARG, LUCKNOW-226001, U.P., INDIA ,u,ch,y }kjk jklk;fud ,oa Phone:+91-522-2627586, 2614118, 2628228 Fax:+91-522-2628227, 2611547 tSfod ijh{k.k gsrq izR;kf;r fo”kkDrrk ijh{k.k% th,yih vuq#i lqfo/kk [email protected] www.iitrindia.org Accredited by NABL for chemical Toxicity Testing: GLP Test Facility and biological testing