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Trends in Phytochemical Research (TPR) Trends in Phytochemical Research (TPR) Trends Phytochem. Res. 2(2) 2018 65-74 ISSN: 2588-3631 (Online) ISSN: 2588-3623 (Print) Trends in Phytochemical Research (TPR) Trends in Phytochemical Research (TPR) Volume 2 Issue 2 June 2018 © 2018 Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch Journal Homepage: http://tpr.iau-shahrood.ac.ir Press, All rights reserved. Original Research Article Phytoconstituents profiling of Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl. by HPLC-MS/MS, and evaluation of its free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and cytotoxicity Ataa Said1, Elsayed Ali Aboutabl2, Farouk Rasmy Melek3, Gehad Abdel Raheem Abdel Jaleel4 and Mona Raslan1, 1Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt 2Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-el-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt 3Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt 4Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Characterization of phytoconstituents in the methanolic extract (70%) of Cissus rotundifolia Received: 01 January 2018 (Forssk.) Vahl. was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Revised: 19 March 2018 coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS). Furthermore, tandem mass Accepted: 25 May 2018 spectrometry (MS/MS) was performed to assist the structural elucidation of compounds. ePublished: 05 June 2018 Accordingly, twenty-seven compounds were identified involving four acids, sixteen phenolics, two steroidal saponins, two coumarins, two stilbenoids and one triterpene. KEYWORDS Astragalin 1, β-amyrin 2 and 1β-hydroxy-kryptogenin-1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)- α-L-arabinopyranoside 3 were isolated by column chromatography and their structures Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl. were identified by spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR. The plant extract and the HPLC-ESI-MS isolated compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their radical scavenging activity. Compounds Tandem mass 1 and 2 showed significant activity relative to that of ascorbic acid as a standard. The Free radical scavenging activity cytotoxicity of the plant extract, the isolated compounds and the standard doxorubicin Cytotoxicity were evaluated using the three human tumor cell lines HT116, MCF-7 and PC-3. In this regard, the plant extract exhibited significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 while no activity was observed against the other cell lines. The isolated compounds 1-3 showed no activity against the used cell lines, as well. © 2018 Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch Press, All rights reserved. 1. Introduction plants and their biological effects (Mohammadhosseini et al., 2016; Mohammadhosseini, 2017a, 2017b). Medicinal plants rich in secondary metabolites are Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl. (Family: Vitaceae) widely used in many aspects such as cosmetics along is a woody climbing vine indigenous to Africa and with drug, food and beverage industries (Aidi Wannes cultivated in Egypt for ornamental purposes. In recent et al., 2017; Camilo et al., 2017). In fact, a large number years, plants of the genus Cissus were reported to of medicinal plants continue to provide valuable contain sterols, triterpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, therapeutic agents for the treatment of a broad spectrum stilbene derivatives, coumarin glycosides and iridoids of diseases throughout the world (Mohammadhosseini (Beltrame et al., 2002a; Quílez et al., 2004; Singh et et al., 2017a, 2017b; Nunes and Miguel, 2017). In al., 2007; Kumar et al., 2010; Pan et al., 2013). Many many developing and underdeveloped countries, the Cissus species were reported to possess antimicrobial, traditional use of medicinal plants is the answer to antiosteoporotic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antitumor, many health ailments (Ganesan and Xu, 2017; Pavunraj analgesic, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, et al., 2017). Since synthetic compounds are known to hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and anti-allergic have undesirable side effects, there is a growing interest activities (Al-Mamary, 2002; Alzoreky and Nakahara, to investigate the chemical constituents of medicinal 2003; Al-Fatimi et al., 2007). Corresponding authors: Mona Raslan Tel: +201143036424; Fax: +20233387697 E-mail address: [email protected] 66 Raslan et al. / Trends in Phytochemical Research 2(2) 2018 65-74 C. rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl. is used traditionally LH-20 (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) were used for to treat fever and digestive disorders in Yemen (Al- column chromatography (CC). Pre-coated silica gel Fatimi et al., 2007). This herbal plant represents plates G 60 (F254-Merck) were used for thin layer remarkable antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic, anti- chromatography (TLC). TLC plates were observed under inflammatory and anti-ulcerative activities (Al-Mamary, UV (254 and 366 nm), then visualized by heating after 2002; Alzoreky and Nakahara, 2003; Said et al., 2015a). spraying with vanillin-H₂SO₄. Sheets of Whatmann No.1 In our previous study, phytochemical screening of C. filter paper (Whatmann Ltd., Maidstone, Kent, England) rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl. extract showed the presence were used for paper chromatography (PC), while the of triterpenes, carbohydrates and/or glycosides, Whatmann sheets (3MM) filter paper were employed tannins, flavonoids, coumarins and saponins (Said et for preparative paper chromatography (PPC). In our al., 2015a). However, up to present, no phytochemical investigation, paper chromatography (PC) was observed studies have been reported concerning the isolation under UV (366 nm), then visualized by heating after and identification of the phytoconstituents of C. spraying with AlCl₃. rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl.. As a part of our investigations on plants cultivated 2.2. Plant material in Egypt, we previously screened C. rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl. for promising bioactivities (Said et al., 2015a). The unflowering aerial parts of C. rotundifolia The findings of that study drew our interest to fully (Forssk.) Vahl. were collected from Orman botanical investigate the phytoconstituents profile of the plant. garden, Giza, Egypt in June 2009, kindly authenticated In the current study, C. rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl. by Dr. Mohammed El-Gebaly, Department of Botany, phytoconstituents were qualitatively analysed using National Research Centre. Voucher specimen (2014- HPLC-MS/MS and three of the phytoconstituents were 13) was deposited in the Herbarium of Pharmacognosy isolated by column chromatography and characterized Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University (Fig. using spectral analysis. Moreover, the isolates and 1). the plant extract were evaluated for their potential antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against three 2.3. Chemicals and reagents human cancer cell lines. Acetonitrile and formic acid (HPLC grade) were 2. Experimental obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Water was purified using Milli-Q water purification 2.1. General system (Millipore, USA). Methanol (analytical grade) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, UV measurements were carried out using UV-Visible USA). 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) and Jasco spectrophotometer. EI-MS and High-Resolution sulphorhodamine B (SRB) were provided by Sigma- ESI-Mass Data (HRESIMS) were measured using Jeol Aldrich. Doxorubicin was provided by Pharmacia JMS-Ax500 spectrometer and Bruker micrOTOF-QII (Belgium). MS (Amherst, MA), respectively. NMR spectra were measured using Bruker High-Performance Digital FT- 2.4. HPLC-MS/MS analysis NMR Spectrometer Avance III operating at 400 MHz for ¹H and 100 MHz for 13C nuclei. Diaion® HP-20 for 2.4.1. Sample preparation column chromatography (CC) (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Germany), Silica gel 60 (Merck) and Sephadex One mg of methanolic extract (70%) of the plant was dissolved in 1 mL of MeOH (100%). After sonication for 2 min., the sample was centrifuged at 13000 rpm for 3 min. to remove insoluble materials and the supernatant was then injected into the HPLC system. 2.4.2. Apparatus and conditions An Agilent MSD SL Trap mass spectrometer was connected to an Agilent Technologies Series 1100 HPLC system via an ESI interface, consisting of an automatic sample injector, a binary pump, a continuous vacuum degasser and a column heater-cooler (Agilent Technologies, USA). All the operations as well as the acquiring and analysis of data were controlled by MSD Fig. 1. Photos of Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl. unflowering Trap Control Version 4.2 software. The chromatographic aerial parts. separation was performed on a Kromasil RP-C18 (4.6 Raslan et al. / Trends in Phytochemical Research 2(2) 2018 65-74 67 mm×150 mm, 5 µm) column at a temperature of 30 with solvent systems n-BuOH-CH₃COOH-H₂O (BAW, ºC. The mobile phase consisted of water containing upper layer) (4:1:5) and CH₃COOH-H₂O (15:85), was 0.1% formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B). All the solvents rechromatographed using PPC and eluted with BAW to used were filtered through a 0.45 µm nylon filter prior afford compound 1 (17 mg). Compound 1 was finally to use. The mobile phase flow-rate was adjusted at 1 purified on Sephadex LH-20 CC (25 g) and eluted with mL/min. The outflows were divided into two shares, and MeOH-CH2Cl₂ (7:3) before spectroscopic analysis. only one share entered the MS detector at an average Fraction 6 (15 g) eluted from the main column with flow-rate of about 0.3 mL/min. A gradient program was H₂O-MeOH (4:6), was dried and partitioned between used according to the following profile: 0-3 min,
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