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INDEX Abbott, Elenore Plaisted, 3497* Advertising, broadsides, 454 Aberdeen, Earl of. See Gordon, George Aeschylus, 419 Hamilton Aesop, 19 Abolitionists, 325, 336, 338. See also Slavery Africa, 440 Academy of Philadelphia. See University of Africa, ship, 437 Pennsylvania The Age of Reform Jrom Bryan to F. D. R., by Accomack County, Va., court records of, Hofstadter, rev., 267-268 rev., 249-251 Agriculture, 26-27; farms of French habit- Acherley, Roger, 32 ants, 298; Jefferson's reliance on, attacked, Achsah, ship, 434, 436 315, 316; in Pa. (1840-1940), rev., 39*"393 Act of Union (1800), 420W, 430W Agiiero, Joaquin de, 438?* Acton, John Emerich Edward Dalberg, 1st Air pump, 24 Baron Acton, 465, 470, 472, 476, 477 Alberoni, Cardinal, 98 Adams, Abigail (Mrs. John Adams), loon Albrodman, Count of, 112 Adams, Brooks, 500-501, 506, 507; Henry Alden, Henry Mills, 339 Adams promotes, for State Dept. job, 500, Alderfer, Evan B., rev. of Palmer's Philadel- 501-505 phia Workers in a Changing Economy, Adams, Charles Francis (1835-1915), 498, Alexander, Charles Wesley, 460 Adams, Evelyn Davis (Mrs. Brooks Adams), Alexander, Robert Crozer, Ho! For Cape 503, 506 Island, rev., 262-263 Adams, Henry Brooks: appraisal of Wayne Alexander, W. A., 482^ MacVeagh, 493,495W, 498W, 509-510, S™'> Alien and Sedition Laws, study of, rev., on George Bancroft, 511; biog. of, by 534S36 Stevenson, rev., 543-544; on James G. Allegheny County, wills of (1789-1820), rev., Blaine, 498, 499; comments of, on Pa., 509, 131-132 511, 511 n; Education, 493, 500, 501, 506, Allen, Rev. George, 89 510; letters to Wayne MacVeagh (1881- I 12 Allen, John (1660-1741), 27 9°5), 493-5 5 Mont-Saint-Michel and Allen, Nathaniel, 169, 170, 171, 189, 200 Chartres, 501, 506; on national politics, Allen, Gov. William, 490 495-511 passim; promotes Brooks Adams Allen, Ens., 290 for political job, 500, 501-505; solicits Alsop, John, 171, 200, 214 criticism of History, 493, 498, 499-500; Altiere, Ferdinando, 3^ travels in Asia and South Seas, 500; travels Ambler, John, 171, 200 in Europe, 500, 506-507, 508/*, 510-511; America Takes the Stage. Romanticism in on trial of Guiteau, 496 American Drama and Theatre, 1750-1900, Adams, John, 32, $3", 76, IO9J 3*5> 3X9J and by Moody, rev., 119-121 Trumbull's historical paintings, 75, 81 American Historical Association, 466, 477 Adams, John Quincy, 448; criticized for The American Lyceum: Town Meeting of the White House expenditures, 444; and the Mind, by Bode, rev., 537-539 Union, rev., 385-386 American Philosophical Society: buys Frank- Adams, John W., 3$3n lin's books, 408; commissions C. W. Peale Adams, Marian Hooper (Mrs. Henry portrait of Rittenhouse, 8-9; Franklin in- Adams), 499 fluenced by Royal Society in founding of, Adams, Mary Hone Ogden (Mrs. Charles 24; Franklin lends money to (1787), 73; Francis Adams), 499 and C. W. Peale portraits of Franklin, 5-9 Adams, Robert, 171, 207 American Political Thought, by Grimes, rev., Adams, Samuel, 78, 94, 101 115-116 Adams, Mrs. Samuel, loon American Revolution: Franklin's privateers Adams, Mrs., 100 in, rev., 381-382; as reported in a British Addison, Joseph, 21 newspaper, 92-112; secret aid in, rev., 380- Admiralty courts, in Phila., interfere with 381; Trumbull portrays events of, 74-75, foreign ships, 432~437> 44i~442 81, 83. See also British troops in Am.; 548 1956 INDEX 549 Colonies, Am. (British); Congress, Con- Arnold, Benedict, 75, 101 tinental; Continental Army; French aid in Art: department of, at Drexel Institute, 343- Am. Rev.; Independence; Loan Office 344; Howard Pyle's philosophy of, 342, Certificates; Prisoners of war; Privateering; 369-370. See also Architecture; Illustra- Recruiting; Spies tion; Painters and Painting Ames, Susie M., County Court Records of Art schools: character of (late 19th century), Accomack-Northampton, Virginia, 1632- 341-342, 346; for women, 419W 1640, rev., 249-251 Art Student's League, N. Y., 340 Anchor Club: called Gong Club, 313, 318; Art supplies, 355~35& described, 312-319 Arthur, Chester A., 495, 495?/, 496W, 497 "The Anchor Club, Defender of Federalism," Arthurs, Stanley M., 349W, 352, 353, 358^ by Leo A. Bressler, 312-319 365, 3b$n Anderson, Larz, 507 Arts: books on, in Library Co. of Phila., 15, Anderson, William M., "Henry C. Lea, 33-34; in N. Y. (1777-1799), rev., 118-119 Scientific Historian," 465-477 The Arts and Crafts in New York, 1777-1799. Andrew, John, 503;? Advertisements and News Items from New Andrew, John Forrester, 503 York City Newspapers, comp. by Gottes- Andrew Jackson, Symbol for an Age, by Ward, man, rev., 118-119 rev., 121-123 Arwaumus, 233 Andrews, Dorothy Warren, 352, 354 Ashburton, Lord. See Baring, Alexander Andrews, J. Cutler, The North Reports the Ashley, Clifford, 352, 365 Civil War, rev., 395-398 Assembly, Pa. (colonial, 1682-1776), 168; Andros, Edmund, 246W First Purchasers in, 159-160; spirit of fac- Anglican Church. See Church of England; tion in, 240^ Episcopal Church Astronomy, 23 Anglo-American relations: admiralty court Atkinson, James, 171, 215, 222 actions, in Phila., 430-437, 441-442; an- Aubrey, Letitia Penn (Mrs. William Aubrey), nexation of British N. Am. colonies, 436; 158, 174; property of, in Phila., 197, 209 Irish-Am, antipathy toward England, 420- Auctions, of Jas. Ralph's library (1762), 421, 430-432, 439-441; Maine-Canada Franklin's purchases at, 37-45, 408 boundary dispute, 424; right of search Augur, Helen, The Secret War of Independ- (1842), 421-422, 422W; Russia and (1843), ence, rev., 380-381 425; study of (1795-1805), rev., 256-257. "Augustus C. Buell, Fraudulent Historian," See also American Revolution; Colonies, by Milton W. Hamilton, 478-492 Am. (British); England; Great Britain Aurora, newspaper, 312, 313, 314, 318, 319 Annapolis, Md., public library in (c. 1700), 12 Austin, John, 171, 199 Annexation, of British N. Am. colonies, 436 Austin, Thomas, 171, 221 Anthony, Capt. Richard, 171, 182 Autobiography of Peter Cartwright, ed. by Antill, Edward, 234 Wallis, rev., 531-531 Antimasonry, 444, 446, 448 Aylward, Ida M. Daugherty, 353n, 362 Appleman, Peter, 331 Appleman, William, 337 Aylward, William J., 341, 342, 352, 353, 365 Apples, 46, 58, 64 Appleton, Jos., 171, 198 Appleton's, publishers, 486 Bache, Benjamin Franklin, 4977, 409 Arbitration, international treaties of, 468 Bache, Franklin, 409n Arbuthnot, John, 21, 28 Bache, Nannie T., 408 Archer, G. W., on Penn-Baltimore contro- Bache, Richard: Franklin's accounts in day- versy, 227-228 book of, 46-73; has store in Franklin's Architecture, 33-34; Trumbull and, 77 house, 47; inheritance from Franklin, 48, Arets, Lenart, 155 72-73; manages Franklin's financial affairs Arky, Louis A., rev. of Sullivan's The Indus- (1775-1790), 46 trial Worker in Pennsylvania, 1800—184.0, Bache, Sarah Franklin (Mrs. Richard Bache), 387-389 46 Armstrong, Henrietta Krone, rev. of Wust's Bache, William, 409 Zion in Baltimore, 1755-1955 . , 261- Bache family, 47 262 Bacon, Francis, 25 Army of the Potomac: arrests citizens from Badcock, Henry, 171, 183 Columbia Co., 321, 323, 331-331, 33^3371 Bagpipes, 286, 292?* and elections in Columbia Co., 322, 328, Bagster, Mary Ann. See Binns, Mary Ann 334-336> 338; occupation of Columbia Co. Bagster by (1864), 320-338 Bailey, Nathaniel, 34 55° INDEX October Bains, Ethel Franklin Betts, 34977, 352, 353, Beard, Charles, and the Constitution, rev., 354»> 365, 366 516^518 Baker, Lt. James, 292-293 Beatrice of Modena, 140 Baker, Samuel, 37 Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Caron de, Balloting, for president (1836-1892), rev., 111-112 123-124 Becher, Arthur E., 352, 3^3 Balls, of Irish Repeal Association, 427 Beekman, William, 233, 234 Baltimore, Lord. See Calvert, Charles Beethoven, Ludwig van, 359 Baltimore, Md., 422; history of Zion Church Beiler, Benedictus, 3$ in, rev., 261-262 Belfast, Ireland, 95 Bancroft, George, 467, 511 Bell, J. Milton, rev. of Wallis' Autobiography Bank of Pennsylvania, 42277 of Peter Cartwright, 531-532 Bank of Pennsylvania Township, 42277 Bell, John, 323, 324 Banks, failure of (1842), 422 Bell, Whitfield J., Jr.: Early American Baptists, Welsh, 14977 Science: Needs and Opportunities for Study, Barber, John, 16977, 171, 203, 207, 214 rev., 117-118; Mr Franklin. A Selection Barclay, David, 49 from His Personal Letters, ed. by Labaree Barclay, Erastus Elmer (1821-1888):^ busi- and Bell, rev., 255-256 ness addresses of, 457-459; competition of, Bemis, Samuel Flagg, John Quincy Adams 457, 460; contribution to Am. literary and The Union, rev., 385-386 taste, 452-453, 460, 463-464; literary de- Ben Franklin's Privateers. A Naval Epic of the vices of, 454, 457; lurid publications of, American Revolution, by Clark, rev., 381- 452-464; sales methods of, 454-456, 463; 382 title pages of pamphlets of, 455*, 458*", 46ir; Benjamin Henry Latrobe, by Hamlin, rev., types of publications by, 453,459,460,462, 257-260 463, 464 Bennet, Samuel, 171, 184 Barclay, George Lippard, 463 Bentivoglio, Guido, 18 Barclay, James Joseph, 9 Benton, Thomas Hart, 425 Barclay, John, 9 Benton, Pa., 331, 332 Barclay, Mary L. (Mrs. E. E. Barclay), 457, Benton Township, Columbia Co., presidential 464 voting in (i860, 1864), 323, 335 Barclay, Robert, 138, 150, 152 Berkeley, Francis L., Jr., rev. of Ames's Baring, Alexander, 1st Baron Ashburton, 424 County Court Records of Accomack-North- Barker, Charles Albro, Henry George, rev., ampton, Virginia, 1632-1640, 249-251 130-131 Berkeley, George, 29 Barker, Thomas, 147, 171; property of, in Berkeley, John, Lord, 143 Phila., 199 Berks County, 322 Barnes, James A., rev. of Korngold's Bermuda, 430 Thaddeus Stevens . , 266-267 Berry, Thomas, 171, 216 Barnes, John, 171, 190, 223 Berthoff, Warner B., "Henry Adams and Barrat, George W., 3S3n Wayne MacVeagh," by Warner B.
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  • The Virginius Affair and the Rise of Free Trade Foreign Policy in Nineteenth-Century America

    The Virginius Affair and the Rise of Free Trade Foreign Policy in Nineteenth-Century America

    ‘A Fruitful Source of Trouble’: The Virginius Affair and the Rise of Free Trade Foreign Policy in Nineteenth-Century America Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of History Dr. David Engerman, Advisor In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in History by E. Kyle Romero May, 2014 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Foremost, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. David Engerman of the Brandeis History Department, for his tireless efforts to help me conceive, shape, and finish this thesis. His guidance has been indispensable throughout the entire process of writing, and I would not be where I am as a scholar without his tutelage, although there is surely more work to be done yet. For his timely acceptance to be a reader of this thesis, as well as his continued guidance in the field of American history, I also thank Dr. Michael Willrich. I further want to extend my gratitude to all of the faculty and staff of the Brandeis History Department who graciously welcomed me and helped me to find my footing as a graduate student. Similarly, thanks to all of my fellow graduate students at Brandeis who have, over long conversations, extensively contributed to the making of this thesis. To all of my family: my parents, Erik, and Katie, for their limitless support and care during a time when I was often unable to repay it, I give my utmost thanks. I can only hope to have such prodigious support in these upcoming years.