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Vegetation of Russia. 30 Растительность России. СПб., 2017. Vegetation of Russia. St. Petersburg, 2017. № 30. С. 55–60. N 30. P. 55–60. новая ассоциация CLADOPHORO FRACTAE–STUCKENIETUM CHAKASSIENSIS Класса RUPPIETEA MARITIMAE из сибиРи new association Сladophoro fractae–Stuckenietum chakaSSienSiS of the class RUPPIETEA MARITIMAE froM siBeria © л. М. КипРиянова l. M. KiPriyanova Институт водных и экологических проблем СО РАН, Новосибирский филиал. 630090, Новосибирск, Морской пр., 2. E­mail: [email protected] Описана новая асс. Сladophoro fractae–Stuckenietum chakassiensis, отнесенная к новому союзу Сladophoro frac- tae–Stuckenion chakassiensis порядка Ruppietalia maritimae J. Tx. ex Den Hartog et Segal 1964 класса Ruppietea mariti- mae J. Tx. ex Den Hartog et Segal 1964. Характерными диагностическими видами союза являются виды, специфичные для солоноватых и соленых континентальных вод лесостепной и степной зон Азии (Stuckenia chakassiensis, S. ma­ crocarpa, Chara altaica). Сообщества ассоциации встречаются на юге Сибири (Курганская и Новосибирская области, Алтайский край, Республики Хакасия и Бурятия, Забайкальский край), северном Казахстане, северном Китае, Монголии, редко на юге Восточной Европы (Волгоградская обл.), на Кавказе, причем только в солоноватых (олиго­, мезо­, и полигалинных) водах различных классов и групп. В пресных водах отмечены не были. Ключевые слова: водная растительность, ассоциация, Сladophoro fractae–Stuckenietum chakassiensis, Сladophoro fractae–Stuckenion chakassiensis, Stuckenia. Key words: aquatic vegetation, association, Сladophoro fractae–Stuckenietum chakassiensis, Сladophoro fractae–Stuckenion chakassiensis, Stuckenia. Н о м е н к л а т у р а: Черепанов, 1995. введение в листьях, и указали, что это эндемик Внутрен- ней Монголии. Однако название P. intramongolicus Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner, S. macrocarpa оказалось недействительным, поскольку авторы (Dob rochot.) Tzvel., S. chakassiensis (Kaschina) Klin­ в одной публикации привели его и как P. intramon­ kova являются массовыми видами водоемов юга golicus (Ма et al., 1983: 2, 3, 8), и как P. acifolius Западной Сибири (Киприянова, 2007, 2010), а вид Ma (Ма et al., 1983: 10, 11, 16, 17). По материа- S. vaginata (Turcz.) Holub обычен на юге Восточной лам из Хакасии подобные растения были описаны Сибири (Chepinoga et al., 2013; Чепинога, 2015). Л. И. Кашиной (1986) в ранге подвида Potamogeton Сообщества с доминированием Stuckenia pectinata, pectinatus subsp. chakassiensis Kaschina. П. А. Во- S. vaginata и S. macrocarpa уже описаны как ассо- лобаев (1991) повысил ранг таксона до вида — циации — Potamogetonetum pectinati Carstensen P. chakassiensis (Kaschina) Volobaev, а позднее ex Hilbig 1971, Potametum vaginati Chepinoga была предложена комбинация в роде Stuckenia — et al. 2013 (Chepinoga et al., 2013), Stuckenietum S. chakassiensis (Kaschina) Klinkova (Флора…, macrocarpae Kipriyanova 2013 (Киприянова, 2013). 2006). Кроме вышеназванных местонахождений, Целью данной работы является описание ассоциа- вид был указан для западной Монголии (Флора…, ции с доминированием S. chakassiensis. 1989), Кавказа (Цвелев, 1990) и Нижней Волги Кратко об истории описания таксона Stuckenia (Флора…, 2006). Было также установлено, что chakassiensis. Китайские исследователи (Ма et al., представители рода Stuckenia с субэпидермальны- 1983) описали в озерах Внутренней Монголии ми пучками механической ткани в листьях доволь- новый вид Potamogeton intramongolicus Ma, в ос- но обычны в южной Сибири (Волобаев, 1991, 1993; новном опираясь на признак наличия­отсутствия Киприянова, 2007) и характерны для соленых озер. субэпидермальных тяжей механической ткани Мною таксон принимается в ранге вида, вслед за 55 Л. М. Киприянова Н. Н. Цвелевым (1990), П. А. Волобаевым (1991, Rielletalia helicophyllae Cirujano et al. 1993 [syntax. 1993) и Г. И. Клинковой (Флора…, 2006), которая syn.], Zannichellio-Ruppietalia Schaminée et Den Har- составила определительный ключ, а также включи- tog in Schaminée et al. 1995 [Art. 29]) представляет ла Stuckenia chakassiensis в «Красную книгу Волго- погруженную укорененную растительность умерен- градской области» (2006) как редкий в регионе вид. ных солоноватых вод Европы (Mucina et al., 2016). Основные аргументы такого решения были изло- жены ранее (Киприянова, Бобров, 2015). Вид, судя Союз Cladophoro fractae–Stuckenion chakassien- по молекулярно­генетическим данным, возник от- sis all. nov. hoc loco. носительно недавно (Киприянова, Бобров, 2015). Союз объединяет сообщества узколистных по- Наличие механических волокон в тканях листа, груженных растений континентальных солоноватых по­видимому, является адаптивным признаком, об- и соленых озер юга Сибири. Номенклатурный тип уславливает устойчивость к механическим воздей- союза (holotypus) — асс. Cladophoro fractae–Stu- ствиям волнобоя, характерного для мелководных ckenietum chakassiensis ass. nov. внутриконтинентальных соленых озер лесостеп- Диагностические виды (Д. в). Характер- ной и степной зон Сибири. ные: Stuckenia chakassiensis, S. macrocarpa, Chara Выяснилось, что S. chakassiensis широко рас- altaica A. Br. Константные: Ruppia maritima, Althe­ пространена и формирует ценозы на самых ми- nia orientalis (Tzvelev) Garcia-Mur. et Talavera, Chara нерализованных плесах (Тагано­Казанцевском и aspera Willd., C. canescens Desv. et Lois., Cladophora Ярковском) оз. Чаны (Королюк и др., 2015), тогда fracta (Müll. ex Vahl) Kütz. как ранее для него была отмечена S. рectinata (син. Предлагаемый новый союз является региональ- Potamogeton pectinatus) (Катанская, 1970, 1986; Ки- ным, поскольку включает виды, характерные имен- приянова, 2005). В монографии по оз. Чаны (Ко- но для континентальных вод лесостепной и степной ролюк и др., 2015) ассоциация с доминированием зон Азии — Stuckenia chakassiensis, S. macrocarpa, Stuckenia chakassiensis предварительно была опи- Chara altaica, чем отличается от союза Ruppion ma- сана как Stuckenietum chakassiensis. ritimae Br.­Bl. ex Westhoff in Bennema et al. 1943, объединяющего сообщества узколистных гидро- фитов с широким ареалом солоноватых и соленых МатеРиал и Методы (часто временных) вод Европы (Biondi et al., 2014; В основу статьи положен анализ 15 геобота- Mucina et al., 2016). По мелководьям морских побе- нических описаний. Описания были выполне- режий и в приморских водоемах Европы в сообще- ны в ходе полевых исследований в разные годы ства Stuckenia pectinata, обычно относимые к союзу (2001–2016). В таблице использовалась следующая Ruppion maritimae, входят виды с широким ареа- шкала обилия­покрытия: r — вид чрезвычайно ре- лом, характерные как для морских, так и для конти- док; + — вид встречается редко, степень покрытия нентальных вод (Ruppia maritima, R. cirrhosa, Chara мала; 1 — число особей велико, степень покрытия aspera, C. canescens), а также типично морские рас- мала, или особи разрежены, но покрытие большое; тения — Zostera marina, Z. noltii, макроводоросли 2 — проективное покрытие 5–25 %; 3 — 26–50 %; Ceramium strictum Crev. et Harv., Chaetomorpha li­ 4 — 51–75 %; 5 — более 75 % (Westoff, Maarel, num (Müll.) Kütz., Cladophora albida (Huds.) Kütz., 1978; цит. по: Миркин и др., 1989). Названия новых Polysiphonia opaca (Ag.) Zanard. и др. (Verhoeven, синтаксонов, их диагноз приведены в соответствии 1975, 1980; Passarge, 1996; Громов, 2012; Афанасьев, с Международным кодексом фитосоциологической Абдуллин, 2014; наши неопубликованные данные). номенклатуры (Weber et al., 2000). Асс. Cladophoro fractae–Stuckenietum cha- kassiensis ass. nov. hoc loco (см. таблицу; номен- хаРаКтеРистиКа синтаКсонов клатурный тип (holotypus) — оп. 3 (авторский Класс Ruppietea maritimae J. Tx. ex Den Hartog номер — 5.3); syn.: Stuckenietum chakassiensis Ko- et Segal 1964 (syn. Ruppietea J. Tx. 1960 [Art. 2b], rolyuk et al. 2015 nom. prov. [Art. 3b]). Eleocharitetea parvulae Segal 1965 [Art. 3b], Eleo- Диагностический вид — Stuckenia cha­ charitetea parvulae Segal 1968 [Art. 3b], Rielletea kassiensis (Kasсhina) Klinkova (доминант). helicophyllae Cirujano et al. 1993 [syntax. syn.]) пред- С о с т а в. Видовое богатство сообществ ставляет погруженную укорененную раститель- Stuckenia chakassiensis невелико — от 1 до 4 видов ность солоноватых вод мира (Mucina et al., 2016). на описание, что связано с повышенной минерали- Порядок Ruppietalia (syn. Zosteretalia Br.­Bl. зацией вод, в которых они были обнаружены. Всего et Tx. 1943 [Art. 2b], Zosteretalia Br.­Bl. et Tx. in в сообществах ассоциации отмечено 8 видов. Br.­Bl. et al. 1952 [nom. ambig.], Halobenthalia С т р у к т у р а. Сообщества Stuckenia chakas sien­ Chapman 1959 p. p. [Art. 3d], Ruppietalia mariti- sis занимали в обследованных нами озерах довольно mae J. Tx. 1960 [Art. 2b], Eleocharitetalia parvulae большие площади — от 20 до более чем 100 м2, Segal 1965 [syntax. syn.], Eleocharitetalia parvulae общее проективное покрытие — от 20 до 95 %. Segal 1968 [Art. 31], Zannichellio-Ruppietalia J. Tx. Основной ярус — погруженных растений — пред- 60 em. Den Hartog 1981 (orig. form) [phantom], Zan- ставлен побегами Stuckenia chakassiensis. С разным nichellio-Ruppietalia Den Hartog 1985 [phantom], обилием встречаются другие виды с широким диа- ПродрОМуС Класс Ruppietea maritimae J. Tx. ex Den Hartog et Segal 1964 Порядок Ruppietalia maritimae J. Tx. ex Den Hartog et Segal 1964 Союз Cladophoro fractae–Stuckenion chakassiensis all. nov. hoc loco Асс. Cladophoro fractae–Stuckenietum chakassiensis ass. nov. hoc loco 56 Новая ассоциация Cladophoro fractae–Stuckenietum chakassiensis класса Ruppietea maritimae из Сибири пазоном галотолерантности — Cladophora fracta,
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