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Variable Expression of Myoglobin Among the Hemoglobinless Antarctic Icefishes (Channichthyidae͞oxygen Transport͞phylogenetics)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 94, pp. 3420–3424, April 1997 Physiology Variable expression of myoglobin among the hemoglobinless Antarctic icefishes (Channichthyidaeyoxygen transportyphylogenetics) BRUCE D. SIDELL*†‡,MICHAEL E. VAYDA*†,DEENA J. SMALL†,THOMAS J. MOYLAN*, RICHARD L. LONDRAVILLE*§, MENG-LAN YUAN†¶,KENNETH J. RODNICK*i,ZOE A. EPPLEY*, AND LORI COSTELLO† *School of Marine Sciences and Department of Zoology, †Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 Communicated by George N. Somero, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, January 13, 1997 (received for review October 24, 1996) ABSTRACT The important intracellular oxygen-binding Icefishes exhibit several unique physiological features. Car- protein, myoglobin (Mb), is thought to be absent from oxi- diovascular adaptations to compensate for lack of hemoglobin dative muscle tissues of the family of hemoglobinless Antarctic in the circulation include lower blood viscosity, increased heart icefishes, Channichthyidae. Within this family of fishes, which size, greater cardiac output, and increased blood volume is endemic to the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica, compared with their red-blooded notothenioid relatives (2, there exist 15 known species and 11 genera. To date, we have 14–16). Combined with the high aqueous solubility of oxygen examined eight species of icefish (representing seven genera) at severely cold body temperature, these cardiovascular fea- using immunoblot analyses. Results indicate that Mb is tures are considered necessary to ensure that tissues obtain present in heart ventricles from five of these species of icefish. adequate amounts of oxygen carried in physical solution by the Mb is absent from heart auricle and oxidative skeletal muscle plasma. -
Jan Jansen, Dipl.-Biol
The spatial, temporal and structural distribution of Antarctic seafloor biodiversity by Jan Jansen, Dipl.-Biol. Under the supervision of Craig R. Johnson Nicole A. Hill Piers K. Dunstan and John McKinlay Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Quantitative Antarctic Science Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania May 2019 In loving memory of my dad, whose passion for adventure, sport and all of nature’s life and diversity inspired so many kids, including me, whose positive and generous attitude touched so many people’s lives, and whose love for the ocean has carried over to me. The spatial, temporal and structural distribution of Antarctic seafloor biodiversity by Jan Jansen Abstract Biodiversity is nature’s most valuable resource. The Southern Ocean contains significant levels of marine biodiversity as a result of its isolated history and a combination of exceptional environmental conditions. However, little is known about the spatial and temporal distribution of biodiversity on the Antarctic continental shelf, hindering informed marine spatial planning, policy development underpinning regulation of human activity, and predicting the response of Antarctic marine ecosystems to environmental change. In this thesis, I provide detailed insight into the spatial and temporal distribution of Antarctic benthic macrofaunal and demersal fish biodiversity. Using data from the George V shelf region in East Antarctica, I address some of the main issues currently hindering understanding of the functioning of the Antarctic ecosystem and the distribution of biodiversity at the seafloor. The focus is on spatial biodiversity prediction with particular consideration given to previously unavailable environmental factors that are integral in determining where species are able to live, and the poor relationships often found between species distributions and other environmental factors. -
Wainwright-Et-Al.-2012.Pdf
Copyedited by: ES MANUSCRIPT CATEGORY: Article Syst. Biol. 61(6):1001–1027, 2012 © The Author(s) 2012. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: [email protected] DOI:10.1093/sysbio/sys060 Advance Access publication on June 27, 2012 The Evolution of Pharyngognathy: A Phylogenetic and Functional Appraisal of the Pharyngeal Jaw Key Innovation in Labroid Fishes and Beyond ,∗ PETER C. WAINWRIGHT1 ,W.LEO SMITH2,SAMANTHA A. PRICE1,KEVIN L. TANG3,JOHN S. SPARKS4,LARA A. FERRY5, , KRISTEN L. KUHN6 7,RON I. EYTAN6, AND THOMAS J. NEAR6 1Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616; 2Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605; 3Department of Biology, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI 48502; 4Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024; 5Division of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85069; 6Department of Ecology and Evolution, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; and 7USDA-ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, 501 South Chapel Street, Newark, DE 19713, USA; ∗ Correspondence to be sent to: Department of Evolution & Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-mail: [email protected]. Received 22 September 2011; reviews returned 30 November 2011; accepted 22 June 2012 Associate Editor: Luke Harmon Abstract.—The perciform group Labroidei includes approximately 2600 species and comprises some of the most diverse and successful lineages of teleost fishes. -
Mitochondrial DNA, Morphology, and the Phylogenetic Relationships of Antarctic Icefishes
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28 (2003) 87–98 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and the phylogenetic relationships of Antarctic icefishes (Notothenioidei: Channichthyidae) Thomas J. Near,a,* James J. Pesavento,b and Chi-Hing C. Chengb a Center for Population Biology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA b Department of Animal Biology, 515 Morrill Hall, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Received 10 July 2002; revised 4 November 2002 Abstract The Channichthyidae is a lineage of 16 species in the Notothenioidei, a clade of fishes that dominate Antarctic near-shore marine ecosystems with respect to both diversity and biomass. Among four published studies investigating channichthyid phylogeny, no two have produced the same tree topology, and no published study has investigated the degree of phylogenetic incongruence be- tween existing molecular and morphological datasets. In this investigation we present an analysis of channichthyid phylogeny using complete gene sequences from two mitochondrial genes (ND2 and 16S) sampled from all recognized species in the clade. In addition, we have scored all 58 unique morphological characters used in three previous analyses of channichthyid phylogenetic relationships. Data partitions were analyzed separately to assess the amount of phylogenetic resolution provided by each dataset, and phylogenetic incongruence among data partitions was investigated using incongruence length difference (ILD) tests. We utilized a parsimony- based version of the Shimodaira–Hasegawa test to determine if alternative tree topologies are significantly different from trees resulting from maximum parsimony analysis of the combined partition dataset. Our results demonstrate that the greatest phylo- genetic resolution is achieved when all molecular and morphological data partitions are combined into a single maximum parsimony analysis. -
Of RV Upolarsternu in 1998 Edited by Wolf E. Arntz And
The Expedition ANTARKTIS W3(EASIZ 11) of RV uPolarsternuin 1998 Edited by Wolf E. Arntz and Julian Gutt with contributions of the participants Ber. Polarforsch. 301 (1999) ISSN 0176 - 5027 Contents 1 Page INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 1 Objectives of the Cruise ................................................................................................l Summary Review of Results .........................................................................................2 Itinerary .....................................................................................................................10 Meteorological Conditions .........................................................................................12 RESULTS ...................................................................................................................15 Benthic Resilience: Effect of Iceberg Scouring On Benthos and Fish .........................15 Study On Benthic Resilience of the Macro- and Megabenthos by Imaging Methods .............................................................................................17 Effects of Iceberg Scouring On the Fish Community and the Role of Trematomus spp as Predator on the Benthic Community in Early Successional Stages ...............22 Effect of Iceberg Scouring on the Infauna and other Macrobenthos ..........................26 Begin of a Long-Term Experiment of Benthic Colonisation and Succession On the High Antarctic -
Annex 6 Report of the Working Group on Ecosystem
Annex 6 Report of the Working Group on Ecosystem Monitoring and Management (Bologna, Italy, 4 to 15 July 2016) Contents Page Opening of the meeting ...................................................................... 201 Adoption of the agenda and organisation of the meeting ............................... 201 The krill-centric ecosystem and issues related to management of the krill fishery ................................................................................ 202 Fishing activities ............................................................................ 202 Krill fishery notifications ............................................................... 203 Escape mortality ......................................................................... 204 Reporting interval for the continuous fishing system ................................ 204 Use of net monitoring cables ........................................................... 205 CPUE and fishery performance ........................................................ 206 Fishing season ........................................................................... 207 SG-ASAM report ........................................................................... 207 Scientific observation ...................................................................... 208 Observer coverage ...................................................................... 208 Krill biology, ecology and ecosystem interactions ...................................... 210 Krill ..................................................................................... -
Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean
Census of Antarctic Marine Life SCAR-Marine Biodiversity Information Network BIOGEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN CHAPTER 7. BIOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF FISH. Duhamel G., Hulley P.-A, Causse R., Koubbi P., Vacchi M., Pruvost P., Vigetta S., Irisson J.-O., Mormède S., Belchier M., Dettai A., Detrich H.W., Gutt J., Jones C.D., Kock K.-H., Lopez Abellan L.J., Van de Putte A.P., 2014. In: De Broyer C., Koubbi P., Griffiths H.J., Raymond B., Udekem d’Acoz C. d’, et al. (eds.). Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Cambridge, pp. 328-362. EDITED BY: Claude DE BROYER & Philippe KOUBBI (chief editors) with Huw GRIFFITHS, Ben RAYMOND, Cédric d’UDEKEM d’ACOZ, Anton VAN DE PUTTE, Bruno DANIS, Bruno DAVID, Susie GRANT, Julian GUTT, Christoph HELD, Graham HOSIE, Falk HUETTMANN, Alexandra POST & Yan ROPERT-COUDERT SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON ANTARCTIC RESEARCH THE BIOGEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN The “Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean” is a legacy of the International Polar Year 2007-2009 (www.ipy.org) and of the Census of Marine Life 2000-2010 (www.coml.org), contributed by the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (www.caml.aq) and the SCAR Marine Biodiversity Information Network (www.scarmarbin.be; www.biodiversity.aq). The “Biogeographic Atlas” is a contribution to the SCAR programmes Ant-ECO (State of the Antarctic Ecosystem) and AnT-ERA (Antarctic Thresholds- Ecosys- tem Resilience and Adaptation) (www.scar.org/science-themes/ecosystems). Edited by: Claude De Broyer (Royal Belgian Institute -
Antarctic Krill Fishery
DERIS S.A – Pesca Chile- Antarctic Krill Fishery Picture from : fao.org PUBLIC COMMENT DRAFT REPORT JUNE 2018 Conformity Assessment Body: Bureau Veritas Certification Holding SAS Authors: Beatriz Roel Italo Campodonico José Ríos Contact: [email protected] Client: DERIS, S.A. DERIS S.A ANTARTIC KRILL FISHERY – Public Comment Draft Report page 1 Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Glossary ................................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 6 2. Authorship and Peer Reviewers ...................................................................................................... 8 3. Description of the Fishery ............................................................................................................. 10 3.1. Unit(s) of Assessment (UoA) and Scope of Certification Sought .......................................... 10 3.1.1 UoA and proposed Unit of Certification (UoC) ............................................................. 10 3.1.2 Total Allowable Catch (TAC) and UoC catch data: ........................................................ 14 3.2. Overview of the fishery ........................................................................................................ -
Abstract the Osteological Features of the Channichthyidae Are Described and Their Charac Teristics Are Discussed by Means of the Cladistic Analysis
1 Abstract The osteological features of the Channichthyidae are described and their charac teristics are discussed by means of the cladistic analysis. The osteological features of the suborder Notothenioidei which comprise the Bovichthyidae, Nototheniidae, Har pagiferidae, Bathydraconidae and Channichthyidae are also studied and compared with one another. A total· of 17 characters shows the systematic value in reconstructing the phylo genetic relationships in the Channichthyidae. Considering the· relationships among the genera of the Channichthyidae, they are classified into seven groups as follows: (I) Champsocephalus, (2) Pagetopsis-Neopagetopsis-Pseudochaenichthys, (3) Dacodraco, (4) Channichthys; (5) Cryodraco-Chionobathyscus-Chaenocephalus, (6) · Chionodraco and (7) Chaenodraco. Also judging from the fact that most channichthyid genera contain only one or two species, it may be certain that some of the groups mentioned above are treated as a proper genus, but each of seven groups is only represented as a "group" in the present study. The phylogenetic relationships among the families of the Notothenioidei are discussed and a new phylogenetic cladogram is proposed based on the analysis of 26 characters. The survey of the various features shows that the Bathydraconidae and Channichthyidae are most closely related, and the Bovichthyidae were the earliest derived fromthe common ancestor of notothenioid fishes. Evolutionary trends which occurred among notothe:nioid fishes include: the re.:. duction of ossification, consolidation of bony elements, expansion of the oral cavity, development of the defense posture and pectoral girdle, and acquirement of the pisci vorous, sit-and-wait feeding and benthic habits. The above mentioned evolutionary trends are correlated to each other, so they cannot be discussed independently. -
Metabarcoding Analysis of the Stomach Contents of the Antarctic Toothfish (Dissostichus Mawsoni) Collected in the Antarctic Ocean
Metabarcoding analysis of the stomach contents of the Antarctic Toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) collected in the Antarctic Ocean Tae-Ho Yoon1, Hye-Eun Kang2, Soo Rin Lee1, Jae-Bong Lee3, Gun Wook Baeck4, Hyun Park5 and Hyun-Woo Kim1,2 1 Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea 2 Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea 3 National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, Republic of Korea 4 Department of Seafood & Aquaculture Science/Institute of Marine Industry/Marine Bio-Education & Research Center, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Republic of Korea 5 Korea Polar Research Institute, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea ABSTRACT Stomach contents of the Antarctic toothfish, Dissostichus mawsoni, collected from subareas 58.4 and 88.3, were analyzed using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. After processing the raw reads generated by the MiSeq platform, a total of 131,233 contigs (130 operational taxonomic units [OTUs]) were obtained from 163 individuals in subarea 58.4, and 75,961 contigs (105 OTUs) from 164 fish in subarea 88.3. At 98% sequence identity, species names were assigned to most OTUs in this study, indicating the quality of the DNA barcode database for the Antarctic Ocean was sufficient for molecular analysis, especially for fish species. A total of 19 species was identified from the stomach of D. mawsoni in this study, which included 14 fish species and five mollusks. More than 90% of contigs belonged to fish species, supporting the postulate that the major prey of D. -
The Occurence of Juvenile Notothenioidei (Pisces) Within Krill Concentrations in the Region of the Bransfield Strait and the Southern Drake Passage*)
POLISH POLAR RESEARCH (POL POLAR RES) 1 3—4 299—312 1982 POLSKIE BADANIA POLARNE Wiesław SLÓSARCZYK1) and Jan M. REMBISZEWSKI2) ') Department of Ichthyology, Sea Fisheries Institute, Al. Zjednoczenia 1, 81-345 Gdynia 2) Museum of Evolution, Polish Academy of Sciences, Prawdziwka 2 00-979 Warszawa The occurence of juvenile Notothenioidei (Pisces) within krill concentrations in the region of the Bransfield Strait and the southern Drake Passage*) ABSTRACT: Observations on abundance and distribution of juvenile fish within the krill concentrations were made during February—March 1981. Juvenile and scarce postlarval stages belonging to 23 species of the suborder Notothenioidei were recorded in the investigated area. Chionodraco rastrospinosus and Chaenodraco wilsoni were the most frequent and numerous species. Juvenile fish, as well as extensive concentrations of krill. were recorded mainly in the southern part of the Bransfield Strait and in the shelf waters westwards of the Palmer Archipelago. The juveniles were however absent in the open waters of the Drake Passage. Key words: Antarctic, juvenile Notothenioidei, krill 1. Introduction Observations on the occurrence and abundance of juvenile Antarctic fish accompanying the krill concentrations were made during the international BIOMASS-FIBEX programme (February 14 to March 20, 1981) on board of the research vessel "Profesor Siedlecki". One of the objectives of this study was to draw attention to the necessity of protection of juvenile fish, coexisting with krill concentrations, in circumstances of rapidly developing krill fishery. Scarce reference to juvenile Antarctic fish is made in the available litera- ture. Preliminary observations on the occurrence and abundance of juvenile fish, inhabiting mainly coastal and subsurface waters covered by pack-ice, are given by Andrjasev (1967, 1968, 1970), DeWitt (1970) and Hureau (1970). -
Contribution of Waterborne Nitrogen Emissions to Hypoxia-Driven Marine Eutrophication: Modelling of Damage to Ecosystems in Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Mar 30, 2019 Contribution of waterborne nitrogen emissions to hypoxia-driven marine eutrophication: modelling of damage to ecosystems in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) Cosme, Nuno Miguel Dias Publication date: 2016 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Cosme, N. M. D. (2016). Contribution of waterborne nitrogen emissions to hypoxia-driven marine eutrophication: modelling of damage to ecosystems in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). Technical University of Denmark (DTU). General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Contribution of waterborne nitrogen emissions to hypoxia-driven marine eutrophication: modelling of damage to ecosystems in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) Nuno Miguel Dias Cosme PhD Thesis May 2016 Division for Quantitative Sustainability Assessment Department of Management Engineering Technical University of Denmark Cosme N. 2016. Contribution of waterborne nitrogen emissions to hypoxia-driven marine eutrophication: modelling of damage to ecosystems in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA).