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Zoroastrian Ethics by MA Buch
The Gnekwad Stu<Uc'^ in Rdi/tuii and Plcilu-^oph i/ : /I ZOKOASTRIAN ETHICS IVintod at the Mirfsion Press, Siirat l.y n. K. 8colt, and imblislieil l»y A. G. Wi(l;.'ery the Collej,'e, Baroda. I. V. 1919. ZOROASTHIAN ETHICS By MAGAXLAL A. BUCH, M. A. Fellow of the Seminar for the Comparative Stn<ly of IJelifjioiiP, Barotla, With an Infrnrhicfion hv ALBAN n. WrDGERY, ^f. A. Professor of Philosophy and of the Comparative Study of PiPlii^doiis, Baroda. B A K D A 515604 P n E F A C E The present small volume was undertaken as one subject of study as Fellow in the Seminar for the Comparative Study of Religions established in the College, Baroda, by His Highness the Maharaja Sayaji Eao Gaekwad, K C. S. I. etc. The subject was suggested by Professor Widgery who also guided the author in the plan and in the general working out of the theme. It is his hope that companion volumes on the ethical ideas associated with other religions will shortly be undertaken. Such ethical studies form an important part of the aim which His Highness had in view in establishing the Seminar. The chapter which treats of the religious conceptions is less elaborate than it might well have been, because Dr. Dhalla's masterly volume on Zomasfrirm Theolof/y^ New York, 1914, cannot be dispens- ed with by any genuine student of Zoroastrian- ism, and all important details may be learned from it. It only remains to thank I'rotessor Widgcrv lor writinf,' a L;enoral introduotion and for his continued help thronghont tho process of the work. -
ZOROASTRIANISM Chapter Outline and Unit Summaries I. Introduction
CHAPTER TEN: ZOROASTRIANISM Chapter Outline and Unit Summaries I. Introduction A. Zoroastrianism: One of the World’s Oldest Living Religions B. Possesses Only 250,000 Adherents, Most Living in India C. Zoroastrianism Important because of Influence of Zoroastrianism on Christianity, Islam, Middle Eastern History, and Western Philosophy II. Pre-Zoroastrian Persian Religion A. The Gathas: Hymns of Early Zoroastrianism Provide Clues to Pre- Zoroastrian Persian Religion 1. The Gathas Considered the words of Zoroaster, and are Foundation for all Later Zoroastrian Scriptures 2. The Gathas Disparage Earlier Persian Religions B. The Aryans (Noble Ones): Nomadic Inhabitants of Ancient Persia 1. The Gathas Indicate Aryans Nature Worshippers Venerating Series of Deities (also mentioned in Hindu Vedic literature) a. The Daevas: Gods of Sun, Moon, Earth, Fire, Water b. Higher Gods, Intar the God of War, Asha the God of Truth and Justice, Uruwana a Sky God c. Most Popular God: Mithra, Giver and Benefactor of Cattle, God of Light, Loyalty, Obedience d. Mithra Survives in Zoroastrianism as Judge on Judgment Day 2. Aryans Worship a Supreme High God: Ahura Mazda (The Wise Lord) 3. Aryan Prophets / Reformers: Saoshyants 97 III. The Life of Zoroaster A. Scant Sources of Information about Zoroaster 1. The Gathas Provide Some Clues 2. Greek and Roman Writers (Plato, Pliny, Plutarch) Comment B. Zoroaster (born between 1400 and 1000 B.C.E.) 1. Original Name (Zarathustra Spitama) Indicates Birth into Warrior Clan Connected to Royal Family of Ancient Persia 2. Zoroaster Becomes Priest in His Religion; the Only Founder of a World Religion to be Trained as a Priest 3. -
Compendium of Shenshai Zoroastrian Monthly Calendars 1379 A.Y
Compendium of Shenshai Zoroastrian Calendars 1379 AY through 1400 AY Compendium of Shenshai Zoroastrian Monthly Calendars 1379 A.Y. (2009-2010 C.E.) through 1400 A.Y. (2030-2031 C.E.) Digital Edition Compiled For Common Use Of The Entire Zoroastrian Community By: Rohinton Erach Kadva Bangalore, India 07-September-2009 Digital Edition Compiled by: Rohinton Erach Kadva, Bangalore, India. 1 Compendium of Shenshai Zoroastrian Calendars 1379 AY through 1400 AY CONTENTS Chapter Title Page No. No. 1 Note on Zoroastrian Calendars. 2 Note on evolution of names of Roz and Months 3 Schedule of festivals. 4 Shenshai Zoroastrian Monthly Calendars : a 1379 A.Y. (2009-2010 C.E.) b 1380 A.Y. (2010-2011 C.E.) c 1381 A.Y. (2011-2012 C.E.) d 1382 A.Y. (2012-2013 C.E.) e 1383 A.Y. (2013-2014 C.E.) f 1384 A.Y. (2014-2015 C.E.) g 1385 A.Y. (2015-2016 C.E.) h 1386 A.Y. (2016-2017 C.E.) i 1387 A.Y. (2017-2018 C.E.) j 1388 A.Y. (2018-2019 C.E.) k 1389 A.Y. (2018-2020 C.E.) l 1390 A.Y. (2020-2021 C.E.) m 1391 A.Y. (2021-2022 C.E.) n 1392 A.Y. (2022-2023 C.E.) o 1393 A.Y. (2023-2024 C.E.) p 1394 A.Y. (2024-2025 C.E.) q 1395 A.Y. (2025-2026 C.E.) r 1396 A.Y. (2026-2027 C.E.) s 1397 A.Y. (2027-2028 C.E.) t 1398 A.Y. (2028-2029 C.E.) u 1399 A.Y. -
The Zoroastrian Sanitary Code
100 = 00o -in = o ICO M ZORO. i^^^^^^m SANrnAR I w^^^^^"mm^ Presented to the LffiRARY of the UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO by WiUard G. Oxtoby ft ? V^/'f? \ ^l^!i^l^ >1<YSH^^H ^^l^ h[\l'HR M'^(/fl ^?^b t\i >H^^l^.3i) \mH[ CH>MI<1 >l[:>^l ^cil: ^i Mi^^^^ ^Jtci'H?:? jjiHi^ n^sjHi ^Ho tibIriiHHi^^i$lu ZOROASTRIAM SANITARY CODE. (M^( 41MHI 2H^ 5)^ Raw .^5v"-H^i ^ii Wnm^i ^^l6ll W'3l5^ <MIHI^[ CH">{1 ^miMl ^l^ ^, "^ ^Wcft Clio 3\ >{1 il^^n^ \^^V9 ^Hl'O ^"^AHI ^^ ^(11 i^-lR dH^ ^.iSC-ft 5HiM^mi 5ni=i^. @MC-ft ^IQil'O il^lni< ^'^Wll^ 2HI ^[^<m i\(^^ ^^cl^l =HiMHm( ^%iiii 'ilife ^m[^ n m'l<{\ ?isci>ii =ir*^r ^H[\i b<\ wtlc-^ll ^cil. 2Hm y>cl( Vict ^Jj(V ^^l^l (H^lW 5Hlo?\l (^ni, ^ ^i. ^*>i ^^- '^ 5h., ^^ ilo ^Ul^lfc) 'I^^I'VS^ ^t^^; %H. (*> 6E"?'-'^ US '^j-uc^ .jV-n3>i-*'^^ -ei^-wa) .)yo)j*e^-"W ^"^^1? ciH ^ici~ 'd^ ^"^i^i!^ Sh"^! cf^<;-^^ (^'ii, 5^15;^ M^'s s^^ ^(v^n^i J/I^l ^cll: " ^il^ HlJs^^ll The Zoroastrian Sanitary Code 'll^^l ^^l^l 5HMl^ clMRHl ^. cil <H>MlH^l l^cil ^Ici ( Systematically ) c-t>Hmi s^vl^ rim. lii<^s "il'-Mcil \kn ^qisvlMl ^H^IH 5H^ cl'si^dl (Sanitary) ml-ll ^I3l>^[-^41 "^ ^ R'HH-ll ^sil^l ^i^ 5Hl^ rt<|l. "Ilfcl '-HI XwiCHldl >il^l 5HIHR la SM^ <^mill ^^ ^. -m^ ^ ct?.<V C-I3ldl e^iR^i %IR ^$fl C-l>HH^l ^^* ^Icl cil ^ \^m[^ '^AimiM ^[^{m <vqi 1 o^^[ %^[ (\) Mit^n, (;t) (^Hi, jvt^i^ (3) i*i\ ^^ 3R>{1'{1 5H^^, (Y) ^i.^5ii;\ ^iciiX,^Pt -i <*^qi CHIHS ov^Ml, (m) ^R15j, (0 ^ictl ^iSli 5H4 d^i (3Ml?ll Vk^l{\ ^\[l<{ mM. -
The Gathas the Hymns of Zarathushtra
The Gathas The Hymns of Zarathushtra By D. J. Irani www.Zarathushtra.com Table of Contents The Gathas – The Hymns of Zarathushtra Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... i Forward To The Divine Songs of Zarathushtra - Rabindranath Tagore..................................1 Introduction The Gathas of Zarathushtra - K.D. Irani .............................................................5 WHAT ARE THE GATHAS?...................................................................................................................5 THE CONTENT OF THE GATHAS. ...................................................................................................5 THE THEOLOGY OF THE GATHAS.................................................................................................6 THE NON-THEOLOGICAL CONTENT OF THE GATHAS.......................................................7 NOTES ON GATHIC TERMS AND THEOLOGICAL CONCEPTS...........................................7 Synopsis of the Gathas.................................................................................................................................9 Ahunuvaiti Gatha..................................................................................................................... 14 Yasna 29........................................................................................................................................................14 Yasna 28........................................................................................................................................................16 -
Guide to Prayers for Departed Loved Ones by Kersey H
Guide to prayers for departed loved ones by Kersey H. Antia First published in FEZANA Journal, Winter 2005 Border embroidered with Chinese motifs of flowers, a peacock, butterflies (symbol of happiness and long life) and a man carrying a fly-whisk (to awaken the spirits of the dead). hese prayers are recited by family members of the deceased for the solace, protection and progress of the soul in its onward journey Ttowards haurvatat (perfection) and ameratat (immortality), after it departs the body. They also serve to bring solace to the bereaved relatives and friends. Prayers for the first four days after a death The prayers described here may be recited constantly, day and night after the sachkar ritual and until the Chahrum at dawn on the fourth day. These prayers supplement the ceremonial prayers performed by the priests. If it is not feasible to recite these suggested prayers, then a string of Yatha Ahu Vairyos recited continually will suffice. 1 The prayer vigil may be held near the body (about three paces away) or at home by his bedside, or by a prayer corner set aside at home, specially for remembering departed loved ones [see photo left], on which are usually placed a picture of Zarathushtra, a divo/candle, prayer books, and pho- tographs of the departed. The divo should be lit, and if possible fire enkindled in a small afargan, with fragrant sandalwood and frankincense. During the day, pray facing the sun, and at night facing a lighted object. Do not pray facing North. The suggested prayers for the first three days, until the chahrum, beginning with the obligatory farazyat prayers [see FEZANA Journal Winter 2005 page 77] are: • Padyab Kushti, to attain a clean, physical and mental state. -
Sraosha - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
سروش http://www.arabdict.com/english-arabic/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4 Sraosha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sraosha Sraosha From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Sraosha is the Avestan language name of the Zoroastrian yazata of "Obedience" or "Observance", which is also the literal meaning of his name. In the Middle Persian commentaries of the 9th-12th centuries, the divinity appears as S(a)rosh . This form Sor ūsh . Unlike many of the , وش appears in many variants in New Persian as well, for example Perso-Arabic other Yazatas (concepts that are "worthy of adoration"), Sraosha has the Vedic equivalent to Saraswati. Sraosha is also frequently referred to as the "Voice of Conscience", which overlaps with both "Obedience" and as his role as the "Teacher of Daena", Daena being the hypostasis of both "Conscience" and "Religion". Contents 1 In scripture 1.1 In Zoroaster's revelation 1.2 In the younger Avesta 2 In Zoroastrian tradition 3 References In scripture In Zoroaster's revelation Sraosha is already attested in the Gathas, the oldest texts of Zoroastrianism and believed to have been composed by Zoroaster himself. In these earliest texts, Sraosha is routinely associated with the Amesha Spentas, the six "Bounteous Immortals" through which Ahura Mazda realized ("created by His thought") creation. In the Gathas, Sraosha's primary function is to propagate the religion of Ahura Mazda to humanity, as Sraosha himself learned it from Ahura Mazda. This is only obliquely alluded to in these old verses but is only properly developed in later texts (Yasna 57.24, Yasht 11.14 etc.). -
An Introduction to the Simorghian Culture and Mithraism in the East
Version 1. 2008 Dec 30 Tue 2. 2009 Jan 09 Fri First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to my friend Dr Jamshid Jamshidi for his kind and rich suggestions. His long research and deep understanding of both Iranian and Japanese culture enables me to write this article. CONTENTS 1. Japan Gap between the reality and the western view of Japanese Religions Terminology Miroku-buddhism of Asuka era The reality of Japanese Buddhism Miroku Miroku Buddhism of Asuka Era 592-710 AD Influence of the Simorghian Culture on the Shintô Myth Vijnâna-vâdin Esoteric Buddhism Shugen-dô Miroku confraternity Recent discovery Concluding Remark 2. Korea Miroku and Hwarang The function of Hwarang assembly Legends of Miroku Astral magic and holy swords Archaeological Evidences History of Silla Concluding Remark 3. China Mithra Milo Milo-ism The Doctrine of the Three Cycles Avatars of Milo Concluding Remark 4. Miroku and Kannon in Japan and Korea Image of Miroku and Kannon Modern Icon Appendix: List of Names Bibliography 2 1. Japan Gap between the Reality and the Western View of Japanese Religions The reality of Japanese Buddhism is far different from the image which western people acquired from books. These are the reason why such a big gap exists: (1) The sources of the western knowledge about Buddhism are mainly gained from investigations and translations of Sanskrit and Pali scriptures (sutras). Most of them are Theravada scriptures. (2) Western researchers of Buddhism have little knowledge about the details of the history and doctrines of Japanese Mahayana sects and Shugen-dô. -
Significance of Number 5 in Zoroastrianism
SIGNIFICANCE OF NUMBER 5 IN THE ZARATHUSHTRIAN RELIGION by Ervad R. R. Motafram 5 is one of the significant numbers in the Zarathushtrian religious thought. There are 5 Gahs or periods of a complete day, 5 Gathas of the Zarathushtrian scripture, 5 invisible principles in the human constitution, 5 metallic wires in the performance of Baj ceremony. NUMBER 5 IN ASSOCIATION WITH ANGEL SRAOSHA But it is in relation to angel Sraosha that prime importance is accorded to number 5. In any prayer or ceremony in propitiation of Sraosha, always 5 Yatha Ahu Vairyo are recited, and it is significant to note that Sraosha stands for humanity; he is the leader of creations ("Salaar i daamaan"), and the protector of mankind in both the worlds (Larger Sraosha Yasht-25). Now, number 5 stands midway between 1 and 10 signifying thereby two-fold aspect, one, that man has acquired control over the lower kingdoms, and two, he has to unfold his hidden powers in the course of his spiritual development in order to effect atonement with God. It is in the second aspect that Sraosha plays a significant role in that the aspirant draws an inspiration from the angel Sraosha, who is depicted, as 'daeno diso' or 'the teacher of religion', and in strict obedience to divine commandments, typified by Sraosha, he is well-set towards his attainment of the final objective. Also, number 5 refers to the fifth principle in the human constitution viz. mind, and to the fifth great race viz. the Aryan race whose progenitor, according to the Avesta, was Gaya Maretan (Farvardin Yasht-87). -
Religious Exiles and Emigrants: the Changing Face of Zoroastrianism
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 7-10-2008 Religious Exiles And Emigrants: The hC anging Face Of Zoroastrianism Tara Angelique Migliore University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Migliore, Tara Angelique, "Religious Exiles And Emigrants: The hC anging Face Of Zoroastrianism" (2008). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/407 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Religious Exiles And Emigrants: The Changing Face Of Zoroastrianism by Tara Angelique Migliore A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Religious Studies College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Danny L. Jorgensen, Ph.D. Paul G. Schneider, Ph.D. Dell Dechant, M.A. Date of Approval: July 10, 2008 Keywords: zarathushtra, parsi, bahdinan, diaspora, zoroaster © Copyright 2008 , Tara Angelique Migliore for SamEmma Thank you, Duband TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 01 CHAPTER TWO HISTORY OF THE FAITH AND ITS REDUCTION IN 06 NUMBERS A Brief History of the Faith and How It Has Changed Over Time 06 Zarathushtra and His -
On the Role of the Laity in the History of Zoroastrianism
1 On the Role of the Laity in the History of Zoroastrianism Sarah Rosemary Anne Stewart School of Oriental and African Studies Thesis presented to the University of London for the degree of PhD October 1998 ProQuest Number: 10731727 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731727 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 2 ABSTRACT Although much has been written about both the ancient and the living traditions of Zoroastrianism, no detailed study exists on the role of the laity in the history of the faith. This is perhaps because the surviving religious literature, namely the extant portion of the Avesta , is mainly concerned with priestly matters. As a result, the role of the laity has tended to be overlooked, although, at the same time, certain assumptions have been made. This thesis will raise questions concerning these assumptions. It will begin by looking at accounts of the religion by scholars in the field of Iranian studies with reference to the earliest Zoroastrian texts, the Yasts, and the Gdthas of the prophet Zarathustra, and show how various views of the laity have been formed. -
Compendium of Shenshai Zoroastrian Monthly Calendars 1379 A
Compendium of Fasli Zoroastrian Calendars 1379 AY through 1400 AY Compendium of Fasli Zoroastrian Monthly Calendars 1379 A.Y. (2009-2010 C.E.) through 1400 A.Y. (2030-2031 C.E.) Digital Edition Compiled For Common Use Of The Entire Zoroastrian Community By: Rohinton Erach Kadva Bangalore, India 07-September-2009 Digital Edition Compiled by: Rohinton Erach Kadva, Bangalore, India. 1 Compendium of Fasli Zoroastrian Calendars 1379 AY through 1400 AY CONTENTS Chapter Title Page No. No. 1 Note on Zoroastrian Calendars. 2 Note on evolution of names of Roz and Months 3 Schedule of festivals. 4 Shenshai Zoroastrian Monthly Calendars : a 1379 A.Y. (2009-2010 C.E.) b 1380 A.Y. (2010-2011 C.E.) c 1381 A.Y. (2011-2012 C.E.) d 1382 A.Y. (2012-2013 C.E.) e 1383 A.Y. (2013-2014 C.E.) f 1384 A.Y. (2014-2015 C.E.) g 1385 A.Y. (2015-2016 C.E.) h 1386 A.Y. (2016-2017 C.E.) i 1387 A.Y. (2017-2018 C.E.) j 1388 A.Y. (2018-2019 C.E.) k 1389 A.Y. (2018-2020 C.E.) l 1390 A.Y. (2020-2021 C.E.) m 1391 A.Y. (2021-2022 C.E.) n 1392 A.Y. (2022-2023 C.E.) o 1393 A.Y. (2023-2024 C.E.) p 1394 A.Y. (2024-2025 C.E.) q 1395 A.Y. (2025-2026 C.E.) r 1396 A.Y. (2026-2027 C.E.) s 1397 A.Y. (2027-2028 C.E.) t 1398 A.Y. (2028-2029 C.E.) u 1399 A.Y.