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Separate Interests to National Agendas Hispanic-American Members of Congress in the Civil Rights Era, 1945–1977
Separate Interests to National Agendas hispanic-american members of congress in the civil rights era, 1945–1977 In June 1952 two long-running but often dissimilar paths of Hispanic-American congressional history converged, if only for a moment. At issue was the transformation of Puerto Rico from a colonial territory to a U.S. commonwealth. Under Puerto Rico’s proposed constitution, the island’s new government, the Estado Libre Asociado (Free Associated State or ELA), would be linked to the U.S. mainland by matters involving foreign affairs, but its authority to govern locally would be enhanced. Congress initially approved the concept, but quickly split over a constitutional human rights provision that had wide support among the Puerto Rican people. In the U.S. Senate, one faction sought to establish Congress’s ability to approve or reject amendments to the island’s constitution, essentially stripping Puerto Ricans of sovereignty.1 One such advocate bluntly argued that Congress essentially had the option to “give them a constitution or not give it to them.” Dennis Chavez of New Mexico, on the other hand—often that chamber’s lone proponent for boosting Hispanic civil rights—pushed back: “The Puerto Ricans did not ask us to take [their political rights]; we took them,” he said. In areas of the world where the U.S. was then working to contain the spread of communism, including in the Caribbean Basin, Chavez noted that America’s efforts would be aided by treating Puerto Ricans with more equanimity.2 Chavez’s intervention in the debate foreshadowed an important trend in this era—the increasing cooperation among advocates for Hispanic issues on a national scale. -
Can Home Rule in the District of Columbia Survive the Chadha Decision?
Catholic University Law Review Volume 33 Issue 4 Summer 1984 Article 2 1984 Can Home Rule in the District of Columbia Survive the Chadha Decision? Bruce Comly French Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview Recommended Citation Bruce C. French, Can Home Rule in the District of Columbia Survive the Chadha Decision?, 33 Cath. U. L. Rev. 811 (1984). Available at: https://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview/vol33/iss4/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CUA Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Catholic University Law Review by an authorized editor of CUA Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CAN HOME RULE IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA SURVIVE THE CHADHA DECISION? Bruce Comly French* More than a decade has passed since the enactment of the District of Columbia Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act (Home Rule Act).' In this Act, the Congress delegated much of its con- stitutional authority affecting the District of Columbia2 to an elected * Associate Professor of Law, Claude W. Pettit College of Law, Ohio Northern Uni- versity. Lecturer, Columbus School of Law, Catholic University of America. B.A., The American University, 1969; M.A., The American University, 1970; J.D., Antioch College School of Law, 1975. The author was Legislative Counsel to the Council of the District of Columbia (1979-1983) and Staff Director and Counsel to the Committee on Government Operations, Council of the District of Columbia (1975-1978). The author recognizes and appreciates the assistance of M. -
Process Used for the Development of the National Energy Policies in Pacific Island Countries
Process used for the Development of the National Energy Policies in Pacific Island Countries By Anare Matakiviti, PIEPSAP Energy Adviser Secretariat of Pacific Islands Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) Mead Road, Nabua GPO Private Mail Bag, Suva FIJI ISLANDS Acknowledgement This document has been made possible through the efforts of the following people: (1) Gerhard Zieroth, PIEPSAP Project Manager, for his guidance and valuable advice in the implementation of the PIEPSAP project. (2) Yogita Chandra Bhikabhai, PIEPSAP Project Officer, for consistently putting up with my inequity with respect to issues pertaining energy and gender. (3) Thomas Jensen, Sustainable Renewable Energy Adviser, UNDP, Samoa, for providing very useful comments on the draft versions. (4) Paul Fairbairn, Manager Community Lifelines Programme, for his comments and editing work - providing clarity where ambiguities exist. I also want to thank Lala Bukarau for the editorial work, without which it might be difficult to capture the intent and meaning of the some of the statements used. I wish to acknowledge all the PICs that PIEPSAP has had the opportunity to work with and assisted in developing their national energy policies and commend all energy officials and stakeholders who participated in their development. Freely sharing their experiences has been a source of inspiration and I should state here that I have learnt more from them then they from me. Last but not the least, the government of Denmark for sponsoring the PIEPSAP project, without which this document would not exist. ii Disclaimer I take full responsibility for any error, ambiguity or discrepancy found in this document. The views expressed here should not be interpreted as the official view of SOPAC or any institution or agency nor any person mentioned above. -
UK Overseas Territories
INFORMATION PAPER United Kingdom Overseas Territories - Toponymic Information United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs), also known as British Overseas Territories (BOTs), have constitutional and historical links with the United Kingdom, but do not form part of the United Kingdom itself. The Queen is the Head of State of all the UKOTs, and she is represented by a Governor or Commissioner (apart from the UK Sovereign Base Areas that are administered by MOD). Each Territory has its own Constitution, its own Government and its own local laws. The 14 territories are: Anguilla; Bermuda; British Antarctic Territory (BAT); British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT); British Virgin Islands; Cayman Islands; Falkland Islands; Gibraltar; Montserrat; Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands; Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Turks and Caicos Islands; UK Sovereign Base Areas. PCGN recommend the term ‘British Overseas Territory Capital’ for the administrative centres of UKOTs. Production of mapping over the UKOTs does not take place systematically in the UK. Maps produced by the relevant territory, preferably by official bodies such as the local government or tourism authority, should be used for current geographical names. National government websites could also be used as an additional reference. Additionally, FCDO and MOD briefing maps may be used as a source for names in UKOTs. See the FCDO White Paper for more information about the UKOTs. ANGUILLA The territory, situated in the Caribbean, consists of the main island of Anguilla plus some smaller, mostly uninhabited islands. It is separated from the island of Saint Martin (split between Saint-Martin (France) and Sint Maarten (Netherlands)), 17km to the south, by the Anguilla Channel. -
The State of Nauru's Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture
COUNTRY REPORTS THE STATE OF NAURU’S BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE This country report has been prepared by the national authorities as a contribution to the FAO publication, The State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture. The report is being made available by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as requested by the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. The information in this report has not been verified by FAO, and the content of this document is entirely the responsibility of the authors, and does not necessarily represent the views of FAO, or its Members. The designations employed and the presentation of material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. SOW BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE COUNTRY REPORTS 1.0 Assessment and monitoring of biodiversity for food and agriculture 1.1. General context: The South Pacific small island state of Nauru is one of the smallest countries in the world – with a land area of about 22 km2 and a coast line circumference of 30 km long. It is located in the dry belt of the equatorial oceanic zone and is situated 200 km East to North East of Papua New Guinea and 4450 km South to South East of the Philippines. -
Legislative Branch
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH CONGRESS One Hundred and Ninth Congress, Second Session The Senate The Capitol, Washington, DC 20510 Phone, 202–224–3121. Internet, www.senate.gov. President of the Senate (Vice President of the DICK CHENEY United States) President pro tempore TED STEVENS Majority Leader BILL FRIST Minority Leader HARRY REID Secretary of the Senate EMILY REYNOLDS Sergeant at Arms BILL PICKLE Secretary for the Majority DAVID J. SCHIAPPA Secretary for the Minority MARTIN PAONE Chaplain BARRY BLACK The House of Representatives The Capitol, Washington, DC 20515 Phone, 202–225–3121. Internet, www.house.gov. The Speaker J. DENNIS HASTERT Clerk KAREN L. HAAS Sergeant at Arms WILSON L. LIVINGOOD Chief Administrative Officer JAMES M. EAGEN III Chaplain REV. DANIEL P. COUGHLIN The Congress of the United States was created by Article I, section 1, of the Constitution, adopted by the Constitutional Convention on September 17, 1787, providing that ‘‘All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.’’ The first Congress under the Constitution met on March 4, 1789, in the Federal Hall in New York City. The membership then consisted of 20 1 Senators and 59 Representatives. 1New York ratified the Constitution on July 26, 1788, but did not elect its Senators until July 15 and 16, 1789. North Carolina did not ratify the Constitution until November 21, 1789; Rhode Island ratified it on May 29, 1790. 25 VerDate Aug 04 2004 12:29 Jul 19, 2006 Jkt 206692 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 6997 Sfmt 6997 C:\GOVMAN\206-692\206692.002 APPS10 PsN: 206692 VerDate Aug 042004 12:29 Jul19, 2006 Jkt206692 PO00000 Frm00036 Fmt6997 Sfmt6997 C:\GOVMAN\206-692\206692.002 APPS10 PsN: 20669 26 UNITED STATES SENATE THE VICE PRESIDENT U . -
In the Pitcairn Islands Supreme Court T 1/2011 In
IN THE PITCAIRN ISLANDS SUPREME COURT T 1/2011 IN THE MATTER under the Constitution of Pitcairn and the Bill of Rights 1688 AND IN THE MATTER OF a challenge to the vires of parts of the Pitcairn Constitution being ultra vires the Bill of Rights 1688 AND IN THE MATTER OF a constitutional challenge and the refusal of the Magistrates Court to refer a constitutional challenge to the Supreme Court and the failure of the Supreme Court to consider an appeal from the Magistrates Court AND CP 1/2013 IN THE MATTER OF a judicial review of the Attorney General and Governor BETWEEN MICHAEL WARREN Applicant/Appellant AND THE QUEEN Respondent Hearing: 07 to 11 and 14 to 17 April 2014; 01 August 2014; 23 September 2014 Appearances: Kieran Raftery and Simon Mount for the Crown Tony Ellis and Simon Park (on 23 September 2014) for Applicant/Appellant Judgment: 28 November 2014 ______________________________________________________________________ JUDGMENT OF HAINES J ______________________________________________________________________ This judgment was delivered by me on 28 November 2014 at 10 am pursuant to the directions of Haines J Deputy Registrar Table of Contents Para Nr Introduction [1] Course of the hearing [11] The application for a stay on the grounds of abuse of process – the self- determination claim The submission [19] The right to self-determination – sources [22] Ius cogens [24] Internal self-determination – treaty obligations of the UK – the Charter of the United Nations [32] Internal self-determination – treaty obligations of the UK – -
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 110 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 110 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 154 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, JUNE 5, 2008 No. 92 Senate The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE Rev. Steven Ailes from Peru, IN. Rev- called to order by the Honorable MARK The Honorable MARK L. PRYOR led erend Ailes has served in seven church- L. PRYOR, a Senator from the State of the Pledge of Allegiance, as follows: es in Indiana. He is a civic leader in Arkansas. Peru as president of the Rotary Club I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America and to the Repub- and has been the chairman and a mem- ber of many foundations. He has PRAYER lic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. brought students to this Capitol from The PRESIDING OFFICER. Today’s f Peru, IN, with regularity. opening prayer will be offered by guest I have known Reverend Ailes well be- APPOINTMENT OF ACTING Chaplain Rev. Steven N. Ailes, Main cause of his son Justin who is a distin- PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE Street United Methodist Church, Peru, guished graduate of the University of IN. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Indianapolis and who came onto my clerk will please read a communication The guest Chaplain offered the fol- staff and served for many years as a to the Senate from the President pro lowing prayer: very able public servant. It has been a tempore (Mr. -
General Assembly Distr.: General 2 February 2021
United Nations A/AC.109/2021/12 General Assembly Distr.: General 2 February 2021 Original: English Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples Pitcairn Working paper prepared by the Secretariat Contents Page The Territory at a glance ......................................................... 3 I. Constitutional, legal and political issues ............................................ 4 A. Electoral qualifications ...................................................... 4 B. Judicial system and human rights ............................................. 5 II. Budget ....................................................................... 5 III. Economic and social conditions ................................................... 6 A. Transport ................................................................. 8 B. Communications and power supply ............................................ 8 C. Land tenure ............................................................... 9 D. Employment .............................................................. 9 E. Education ................................................................. 9 F. Health care ................................................................ 10 G. Criminal justice ............................................................ 10 IV. Environment .................................................................. 11 V. Relations with international organizations and partners............................... -
Colonial Administration Records (Migrated Archives): Basutoland (Lesotho) FCO 141/293 to 141/1021
Colonial administration records (migrated archives): Basutoland (Lesotho) FCO 141/293 to 141/1021 Most of these files date from the late 1940s participation of Basotho soldiers in the Second Constitutional development and politics to the early 1960s, as the British government World War. There is included a large group of considered the future constitution of Basutoland, files concerning the medicine murders/liretlo FCO 141/294-295: Constitutional reform in although there is also some earlier material. Many which occurred in Basutoland during the late Basutoland (1953-59) – of them concern constitutional developments 1940s and 1950s, and their relation to political concerns the development of during the 1950s, including the establishment and administrative change. For research already representative government of a legislative assembly in the late 1950s and undertaken on this area see: Colin Murray and through the establishment of a the legislative election in 1960. Many of the files Peter Sanders, Medicine Murder in Colonial Lesotho legislative assembly. concern constitutional development. There is (Edinburgh UP 2005). also substantial material on the Chief designate FCO 141/318: Basutoland Constitutional Constantine Bereng Seeiso and the role of the http://www.history.ukzn.ac.za/files/sempapers/ Commission; attitude of Basutoland British authorities in his education and their Murray2004.pdf Congress Party (1962); concerns promotion of him as Chief designate. relations with South Africa. The Resident Commisioners of Basutoland from At the same time, the British government 1945 to 1966 were: Charles Arden-Clarke (1942-46), FCO 141/320: Constitutional Review Commission considered the incorporation of Basutoland into Aubrey Thompson (1947-51), Edwin Arrowsmith (1961-1962); discussion of form South Africa, a position which became increasingly (1951-55), Alan Chaplin (1955-61) and Alexander of constitution leading up to less tenable as the Nationalist Party consolidated Giles (1961-66). -
National Fishery Sector Overview Nauru
FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE Food and Agriculture Organization COUNTRY PROFILE of the United Nations FID/CP/NAU PROFIL DE LA PÊCHE ET DE Organisation des Nations Unies L’AQUACULTURE PAR PAYS pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture RESUMEN INFORMATIVO SOBRE LA Organización de las Naciones PESCA Y LA ACUICULTURA POR Unidas para la Agricultura y la PAÍSES Alimentación May 2010 NATIONAL FISHERY SECTOR OVERVIEW NAURU 1. GENERAL GEOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC DATA Area: 21 km² Water area: 320 000 km² Shelf area: [no continental shelf] Length of continental coastline: 24 km Population (2007)*: 10 000 GDP at purchaser's value (2006-07 fiscal year) 21.1 million USD1 GDP per head (2006-07 fiscal year): 2 408 USD Agricultural GDP (2006-07 fiscal year): 2.9 million USD2 Fisheries GDP (2006): 2.2 million USD3 *UN Population Division 2. FISHERIES DATA Total Per Caput 2007 Production Imports Exports Supply Supply tonnes liveweight kg/year Fish for direct human 39 0 0 39 3.9 consumption4 Fish for animal feed and other 0 0 0 0 0 purposes 1Source: http://www.spc.int/prism/country/nr/stats/Statistics/Economics/GDP/gdp_current.htm; conversion rate : 1 AUD = 0.786 USD . 2 The agriculture contribution to GDP includes fishing. 3 An “official” contribution of fishing to GDP has not been calculated. This is the figure that is given in ADB (2007). A recalculation shows the total fishing contribution to be USD 1.0 million: Gillett (2009). The Contribution of Fisheries to the Economies of Pacific Island Countries and Territories. Pacific Studies Series, Asian Development Bank, Manila. -
Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT) (October 2011)
Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT) (October 2011) Caption: European Commission President José Manuel Barroso delivers his State of the Union speech pleading for the launch of a wide-ranging public debate for a major transformation of the European Union into a ‘federation of nation states’. Source: European Commission. Region level evaluation. Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT). Final Report. Volume II: Annexes, October 2011. 271 p. Copyright: European Union URL: http://www.cvce.eu/obj/overseas_countries_and_territories_oct_october_2011-en-6f7c0eed-6572-4c47-83da- 05d2ce024c45.html Publication date: 05/12/2013 1 / 272 05/12/2013 REGION LEVEL EVALUATION OVERSEAS COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES (OCT) Final Report Volume II: Annexes October 2011 Evaluation carried out on behalf of the Commission of the European Union 2 / 272 05/12/2013 3 / 272 05/12/2013 Consortium composed by ECO Consult, AGEG, APRI, Euronet, IRAM, NCG Leader of the Consortium: ECO Consult, Contact Person: Dietrich BUSACKER [email protected] Contract No EVA 2007/geo-acp This evaluation is mandated by The Joint Evaluation Unit for: EuropeAid Directorate General for Development and Directorate-General External Relations The opinions expressed in this document represent the views of the authors, which are not necessarily shared by the Commission of the European Union or by the authorities of the countries concerned The evaluation team was composed of: Mr. Gunnar Olesen (Team Leader), Mr. Max Hennion, Mr. Mark Q. Watson, Mr. Dolf Noppen, Mr. Seán J. Burke, Ms. Jutta Keilbach and Ms. Anne Beutling. 4 / 272 05/12/2013 5 / 272 05/12/2013 EVA 2007/geo-acp: Evaluation of the Commission of the EU’s cooperation with Overseas Countries and Territories ECO Consult – AGEG – APRI – Euronet – IRAM – NCG Table of Contents Page Annex I: Terms of Reference..................................................................................................