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Legislative Branch LEGISLATIVE BRANCH CONGRESS One Hundred and Ninth Congress, Second Session The Senate The Capitol, Washington, DC 20510 Phone, 202–224–3121. Internet, www.senate.gov. President of the Senate (Vice President of the DICK CHENEY United States) President pro tempore TED STEVENS Majority Leader BILL FRIST Minority Leader HARRY REID Secretary of the Senate EMILY REYNOLDS Sergeant at Arms BILL PICKLE Secretary for the Majority DAVID J. SCHIAPPA Secretary for the Minority MARTIN PAONE Chaplain BARRY BLACK The House of Representatives The Capitol, Washington, DC 20515 Phone, 202–225–3121. Internet, www.house.gov. The Speaker J. DENNIS HASTERT Clerk KAREN L. HAAS Sergeant at Arms WILSON L. LIVINGOOD Chief Administrative Officer JAMES M. EAGEN III Chaplain REV. DANIEL P. COUGHLIN The Congress of the United States was created by Article I, section 1, of the Constitution, adopted by the Constitutional Convention on September 17, 1787, providing that ‘‘All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.’’ The first Congress under the Constitution met on March 4, 1789, in the Federal Hall in New York City. The membership then consisted of 20 1 Senators and 59 Representatives. 1New York ratified the Constitution on July 26, 1788, but did not elect its Senators until July 15 and 16, 1789. North Carolina did not ratify the Constitution until November 21, 1789; Rhode Island ratified it on May 29, 1790. 25 VerDate Aug 04 2004 12:29 Jul 19, 2006 Jkt 206692 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 6997 Sfmt 6997 C:\GOVMAN\206-692\206692.002 APPS10 PsN: 206692 VerDate Aug 042004 12:29 Jul19, 2006 Jkt206692 PO00000 Frm00036 Fmt6997 Sfmt6997 C:\GOVMAN\206-692\206692.002 APPS10 PsN: 20669 26 UNITED STATES SENATE THE VICE PRESIDENT U . S . PRESIDENT PRO GOVERNMENT MANUAL MAJORITY LEADER TEMPORE MINORITY LEADER MAJORITY SERGEANT AT ARMS MINORITY SECRETARY OF CHAPLAIN SECRETARY THE SENATE AND DOORKEEPER SECRETARY ASSISTANT SECRETARY LEGISLATIVE DEPUTY SERGEANT OF THE SENATE COUNSEL AT ARMS CAPITOL POLICE CAPITOL GUIDE BOARD MAJORITY LEGISLATIVE ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD DISBURSING OFFICE LEGAL CLOAKROOM SCHEDULING • INTERPARLIAMENTARY COUNSEL EXECUTIVE OFFICE SERVICES MEDIA GALLERIES • HUMAN RESOURCES LIBRARY • INFORMATION SYSTEMS MINORITY • GENERAL COUNSEL CLOAKROOM FACILITIES DIVISION COMPUTER CENTER • ENVIRONMENTAL PRINTING AND SERVICES FINANCIAL DOCUMENT SERVICES LEGISLATIVE • CABINET SHOP MANAGEMENT • PARLIAMENTARIAN • CHAMBER ATTENDANTS • JOURNAL CLERK • CHIEF FINANCIAL • HAIRCARE OFFICER • LEGISLATIVE CLERK • ELEVATOR OPERATORS PUBLIC RECORDS • EXECUTIVE CLERK • ACCOUNTING • BILL CLERK • ENROLLING CLERK HUMAN RESOURCES SERVICE • OFFICIAL REPORTERS • PLACEMENT OFFICE DEPARTMENT SENATE SECURITY OF DEBATES • EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE • PRINTING • DAILY DIGEST PROGRAM • EQUIPMENT • HEALTH PROMOTION • PRODUCTION CAPTIONING • WORKERS COMP. SERVICES SERVICES SENATE CHIEF • SEMINARS AND EDUCATION • GRAPHICS COUNSEL FOR EMPLOYMENT PHOTOGRAPHIC OFFICE OF GENERAL HISTORICAL OFFICE RECORDING STUDIO COUNSEL AND SENATE PROCUREMENT GIFT SHOP SENATE CONSERVATION AND PRESERVATION POST OFFICE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SENATE CURATOR PAGE SCHOOL I.D./PARKING DOORKEEPERS AND GARAGE Legend STATIONERY ROOM LEADERSHIP STATE OFFICE SENATE PAGE DORM Direct responsibility COORDINATION Oversight responsibility ELECTED CAPITOL GUIDE AND OFFICES SPECIAL SERVICES CAPITOL POLICE 2 E206692.002 VerDate Aug 042004 12:29 Jul19, 2006 Jkt206692 PO00000 Frm00037 Fmt6997 Sfmt6997 C:\GOVMAN\206-692\206692.002 APPS10 PsN: 20669 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HOUSE OF MAJORITY LEADER MINORITY LEADER REPRESENTATIVES MAJORITY WHIP MINORITY WHIP THE SPEAKER COMMITTEE ON INSPECTOR HOUSE GENERAL ADMINISTRATION LEGISLATIVE BRANCH CHIEF CLERK OF THE SERGEANT AT ADMINISTRATIVE CHAPLAIN HOUSE ARMS OFFICER OFFICE OF OFFICE OF EMERGENCY PLANNING, LAW REVISION INTERPARLIAMENTARY PARLIAMENTARIAN GENERAL COUNSEL LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL PREPAREDNESS AND COUNSEL AFFAIRS OPERATIONS 27 2 E206692.003 28 U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL The Senate is composed of 100 Members, 2 from each State, who are elected to serve for a term of 6 years. Senators were originally chosen by the State legislatures. This procedure was changed by the 17th amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1913, which made the election of Senators a function of the people. There are three classes of Senators, and a new class is elected every 2 years. The House of Representatives comprises 435 Representatives. The number representing each State is determined by population, but every State is entitled to at least one Representative. Members are elected by the people for 2-year terms, all terms running for the same period. Both the Senators and the Representatives must be residents of the State from which they are chosen. In addition, a Senator must be at least 30 years of age and must have been a citizen of the United States for at least 9 years; a Representative must be at least 25 years of age and must have been a citizen for at least 7 years. A Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico (elected for a 4-year term) and Delegates from American Samoa, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the Virgin Islands complete the composition of the Congress of the United States. Delegates are elected for a term of 2 years. The Resident Commissioner and Delegates may take part in the floor discussions but have no vote in the full House or in the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. They do, however, vote in the committees to which they are assigned. Officers The Vice President of the The Secretary of the Senate, elected by United States is the Presiding Officer of vote of the Senate, performs the duties of the Senate; in his absence the duties are the Presiding Officer of the Senate in the taken over by a President pro tempore, absence of the Vice President and elected by that body, or someone pending the election of a President pro designated by him. The Presiding Officer tempore. The Secretary is the custodian of the House of Representatives, the of the seal of the Senate, draws Speaker, is elected by the House; he requisitions on the Secretary of the may designate any Member of the House Treasury for moneys appropriated for the to act in his absence. compensation of Senators, officers, and The positions of Senate majority and employees, and for the contingent minority leader have been in existence expenses of the Senate, and is only since the early years of the 20th empowered to administer oaths to any century. Leaders are elected at the officer of the Senate and to any witness beginning of each new Congress by a produced before it. The Secretary’s majority vote of the Senators in their executive duties include certification of political party. In cooperation with their extracts from the Journal of the Senate; party organizations, leaders are the attestation of bills and joint, responsible for the design and concurrent, and Senate resolutions; in achievement of a legislative program. impeachment trials, issuance, under the This involves managing the flow of authority of the Presiding Officer, of all legislation, expediting noncontroversial orders, mandates, writs, and precepts measures, and keeping Members authorized by the Senate; and informed regarding proposed action on certification to the President of the pending business. Each leader serves as United States of the advice and consent an ex officio member of his party’s of the Senate to ratification of treaties policymaking and organizational bodies and the names of persons confirmed or and is aided by an assistant floor leader rejected upon the nomination of the (whip) and a party secretary. President. The House leadership is structured The Sergeant at Arms of the Senate is essentially the same as the Senate, with elected by and serves as the Executive the Members in the political parties Officer of that body. He directs and responsible for the election of their supervises the various departments and respective leader and whips. facilities under his jurisdiction. He is VerDate Aug 04 2004 12:29 Jul 19, 2006 Jkt 206692 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 6997 Sfmt 6997 C:\GOVMAN\206-692\206692.002 APPS10 PsN: 206692 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 29 also the Law Enforcement and Protocol The Sergeant at Arms maintains the Officer. As Law Enforcement Officer, he order of the House under the direction has statutory power to make arrests; to of the Speaker and is the keeper of the locate absentee Senators for a quorum; Mace. As a member of the U.S. Capitol to enforce Senate rules and regulations Police Board, the Sergeant at Arms is the as they pertain to the Senate Chamber, chief law enforcement officer for the the Senate wing of the Capitol, and the House and serves as Board Chairman Senate Office Buildings. He serves as a each even year. The ceremonial and member of the Capitol Police Board and protocol duties parallel those of the as its chairman each odd year; and, Senate Sergeant at Arms and include subject to the Presiding Officer, arranging the inauguration of the maintains order in the Senate Chamber. President of the United States, Joint As Protocol Officer, he is responsible for Sessions of Congress, visits to the House many aspects of ceremonial functions, of heads of state, and funerals of including the inauguration of the Members of Congress. The Sergeant at President of the United States; arranging Arms enforces the rules relating to the funerals of Senators who die in office; privileges of the Hall of the House, escorting the President when he including admission to the galleries, addresses a Joint Session of Congress or oversees garage and parking security of attends any function in the Senate; and the House, and distributes all House staff escorting heads of state when they visit identification cards. the Senate. Committees The work of preparing and The elected officers of the House of considering legislation is done largely by Representatives include the Clerk, the committees of both Houses of Congress. Sergeant at Arms, the Chief There are 16 standing committees in the Administrative Officer, and the Chaplain.
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