October 31, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36133 Major D. Bursey, Jr. James C. Heinen Michael J. Gill Karl A. Klankowski John W. Mickelson Jeffrey A. Schmitz Elizabet h M. Claw Robert L. Howard Gary L. Girardet Robert L. Knight Gary G. Miller Dennis J. Seipel Mark E. Dowd Roger A. Hungerford James T. Glass Robert E. Kunkle James E. Miller Mark L. Shaw The following-named Navy enlisted scien­ Edward L. Graham Paul E. Lambourne Micheal G . Miller Robert R. Silvira tific education program candidates to be per­ Charles W. Green Michael H. Laptaz William E. Mize Harvey E. Sitzlar manent ensigns in the line or staff corps of Johnny L. Green Robert C. Larrabee Michael A. Moan Paul Slominski the Navy, subject t o the qualifications there­ Arthur W. Gresham Daniel L. Lehr Roger J. Morais Ronald E. Small for as provided by law : Ronald N. Gunn Peter J. Lestrange Kenneth M. Muske Alfred Smith James R. Hague James M. Loerch John A. Nixon Forrest J. Smith Thomas D. Dennis C. Claes John F. Hall Stephen R . Lowe Lawrence P. Norstedt William S. Stuhr Abrahamson Earl R. Coffin Norman E. Hardee John F . Luksik Charles E. Ogier Gary E. Tobias Scott J . Amos Donald E. Cole Ricky A. Heiderken John W. Lut z Leo D. Owens Raymond F. Toll Jacob A. Anthony Clenton Collier Robert W. Henderson Pat G . McCartney Scott E. Palmer Taylor T. Tripp Edwin D. Bankston Billy A. Colvin William J. William J. Bennie E. Patton Dave J . Urich Harrison A. Beasley, Kenneth W . Coomes Hendrickson McCullum Stephen S . Payne Donald B. Jr. Samuel D. Craig Rex A. Hensley James W. McDougald Allen V. Peloquin Vanoteghem Charles R . Beavers Michael V. Daniel Andrew A. Hergert Michael J . Alva W. Phelps Joel N Walker Patricia L. Beckman James M. Darabond Keith E. IIinote McGehearty Craig J. Pickart William J. Walsh Jerald K. Bevens William A. Dicken Jimmy S. Hirakana Glenn MacDonald Gary L. Piepkorn Michael P. Webb Alfred J . Billings Don W. Driskill Michael J. Stephen J . Charles P . Pietsch John J . Wesser Douglas A. Black Donald L . Eberly Hoeinghaus MacDonald Wiley E. Pipkin William H. Wheeler Lindell G . Blair Timothy L. Edgell Glenn R. Hatten Arthur M. Macy Alfred E. Plourde Howard Whitcomb David J. Brewer Robert H. Ellis Pat rick W. Hughes Griffin N. Macy Michael C. Plumb Claude M. Whittle Steven L. Brooks Jesus A. Esquivel Michael L. Iverson John H. Marable Joseph C. Podha~ky Thomas M. Wilbur Vernon D. Buchanan Christopher L. Evans Michael A. Jacovelli Richard J. Martin Michael J . Reed David T . Williams William D. Campbell Patrick R. Ferry Lawrence M. Jendro Roger D. Martin Don A. ReidenbacJl John R. Williams Robert R . Canavello Gregory L. Fletcher Gerald L. Johnson Robert Mason Roy C. Rogers Stacey A. Wilson Glen H . Carpenter Dennis M. Foster Jerry M. Jones Robert M. Melendez Theron S. Rose Steven K. Wooley Craig H . Chapman Mark G . Fredericks Udo H. Rowley Rolf A. Yngve James C. Kaiser Terry L. Mellon James M. Salm Carl B. Zich, Jr. Ryan L . Christensen Paul C. Gage Steven J. Kantnet< Shannon G . Metcalf Keith R. Schlenker

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

STEELHEAD TROUT PROTECTION These fish are then either sold fresh lo­ ( 1) steelhead trout fishing in the streams ACT-H.R. 9736 cally or frozen and shipped airfreight to of many of the States annually attracts different parts of the country. thousands of sport fishermen who contribute As I mentioned before, the steelhead greatly to the Nation's recreational econ­ Hon. John E. "Jack" Cunningham trout is classified as a game fish in these omy; OF WASHINGTON (2) the steelhead trout has been desig­ States and fishing with gill nets or fish­ nated as a game fish by some States and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing for commercial purposes is illegal by may be taken in such States only through Monday, October 31, 1977 State law. But Federal judges around the the use of sports fishing gear and may not Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, this country have allowed the commercial be sold in such States commercially; taking of steelhead trout by Indians cit­ ( 3) the artificial propagation of steelhead week I introduced H.R. 9736, the Steel­ ing old treaties. trout has been financed primarily by funds head Trout Protection Act. This bill, to from sports fishermen; preserve and protect the steelhead trout, I am opposed to these court decisions. (4) United States Federal Court decisions is an amendment to the Black Bass Act The 70,000 steelhead trout caught an­ interpreting treaties with Indians have al­ of 1926. The Black Bass Act makes un­ nually in Washington State represent lowed commercial Indian fishermen to take lawful the interstate commerce of black only 2 percent of the total annual har­ large numbers of the steelhead sports fish, vest of all salmon and steelhead. So, tak­ placing them in commercial channels to the bass if the commercial taking of the fish detriment of sports fishing and the im­ is contrary to the law of the State in ing the steelhead out of commercial channels would not disrupt any group portance to the economy of the states as a which it is taken. This amendment will sports attraction; and economically. In fact, the sports harvest modify the Black Bass Act to include (5) the use of steelhead trout as a com­ steelhead trout and to rectify several of steelhead provides a greater economic, mercial fish is detrimental to sports fishing, Federal court decisions affecting steel­ social, and recreational value to Amer­ and is of relatively lower value to the econ­ head trout. icans. omy than its use as a game fish; and (6) it is the intent of the Congress in Many States have recognized the The Steelhead Trout Protection Act will stop the gillnetting and commercial enacting this Act to facilitate management steelhead trout as a game fish because taking of steelhead trout in those States by the States of wildlife resources. they are a particularly good sport fish­ SEc. 3 . Notwithstanding any Indian treaty. best when fished in streams-and of a who have classified it as a game fish. The laws and regulations of a State prohibiting greater general value when fished with bill amends the Black Bass Act to spe­ or restricting the taking or sale of steelhead sport fishing gear. In these States, sports cifically include the steelhead trout and trout (salmo gairderll) for commercial pur­ to apply State laws regarding this fish poses shall apply to Indians and Indian gear must be used and fishermen are to Indian tribes. tribes fishing at places within such State limited as to how many steelhead they My bill will facilitate the State man­ in the same manner and to the same extent may take. The fish and wildlife depart­ agement of this important resource. It as such laws and regulations apply to other ments of these States manage and pro­ will further give those who have paid persons. mote the growth of these spectacular SEc. 4. The Act entitled "An Act to regulate for the propagation of these sport fish the interstate transportation of black bass, game fish so that sport fishermen will the chance to fish for them with sport have the chance to fish for them for and for other purposes", approved May 20, years to come. fishing gear in the magnificent streams 1926 ( 16 U.S.C. 851-856), is amended- and rivers of America. (!) by inserting ", steelhead trout," after Sport fishermen in the United States Mr. Speaker, I offer the following bill "bass" each place it appears; and pay millions of dollars per year in fish­ for my colleagues' review: (2) by striking out section 10. ing license fees. Much of this money is H .R . 9736 spent on the artificial propagation of A bill to amend. the Act commonly known as steelhead trout. In fact, the majority of the Black Bass Act to provide further pro­ HATCH ACT OPPOSED the funding for fish creation programs tection for steelhead trout, and for other comes from the license fees paid by sport purposes. HON. JOE D. WAGGONNER, JR. fishermen. Be it enacted by the Senate and House OF LOUISIANA Recent Federal court decisions, unfor­ of Representatives of the United States of tunately, have allowed commercial In­ America in Congress assembled, That this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Act may be cited as the "Steelhead .Trout Monday, October 31, 1977 dian fishermen to gillnet huge quantities Protection Act". of steelhead trout, many of which are SEc. 2. The Congress hereby finds and de­ Mr. W AGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, I propagated from these sport license fees. clares that-- would like to bring to the attention of 36134 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3'1, 1977 Roberts Harris, Secretary of Housing and my colleagues the ~ollo~ing editorial REcORD, where others may reflect on its from the Santa Maria 'Times op.posing message: Urban Development, who was the prin­ SALT LAKE ClrrY, UTAH, cipal speaker of the evening. repeal of the Hatch Act. October 26, 1977. Secretary Harris addressed herself to HATCH AcT OPPOSED To the Congress and President of the the problems that universally confront In the ranks of civil servants th~ str~ngest United States, we express our gratitude and our major urban centers, the features of defense against political solicitatwns 1s the commendation for proclaiming National statement, "I can't-I'm Hatched." Family Week during November 20-26, 1977. the administration's national urban de­ The Hatch Act of 1939 forbids federal and Never in the history of this great country velopment plan, and other means by postal employees from taking active roles in have its citizens needed to be reminded more which HUD seeks to help our cities meet partisan politics, but it is now under at;ack of the importance of parenthood and the their pressing needs. Because of the sig­ for allegedly abridging federal employees po­ home than in these challenging days now. nificance of these issues, and the effec­ America can never be any stronger than its litical "rights." tiveness of her presentation, I would like homes. to share Secretary Harris' remarks with Three bills are up for consideration by Con­ Our children are our most preci~us and gress, with the likelyhood that one will pass powerful resource. my colleagues, as follows: before the next general election. Every child deserves a good, wholesome TESTIMONIAL ADDRESS The Hatch Act now covers 2.8 million fed­ home in which to grow. It is a pleasure to be here tonight to join eral workers-70 percent of the federal work The words from Proverbs are so true you in paying tribute to Henry S. Reuss, and force. The Hatch Act prohibits these ~m­ today: to talk about a very impo~tant subject, the ployees from serving as officers of a politiCal "Train up the child in the way he should City. party, from soliciting contributions for a go: and when he is old, he will not depart I am aware of the new Milwaukee-its partisan political purpose, serving as dele­ from it."-Proverbs 22:6. many strengths as well as its needs. In de­ gates to political conventions, c i rcu~ating No institution can equal a good home for scribing the City, Henry, you neglected to partisan nominating petitions, or runmng as teaching prayer, honesty, moral purity, grati­ poin.t out tha.t MiLwaukee's tallest sky­ partisan candidates for public office. tude and unselfishness. scraper is not blessed with a revolving res­ The Hatch Act does not prohibit political No man or woman can better spend his or taurant. And from the top floor, one has a party membership nor does it bar non-par­ her time than in teaching righteousness to fine view of "The Bridge That Goes Nowhere." tisan political activity. children. There is no better teaching than That does not, I presume, illustrate the road Those arguing for amendment of the Hatch that of the example of an honorable life. you propose to take for the future of urban Act-and these are primarily public employee What an impact for good, or bad, a par­ America. unions such as the American Federation of ent can have on his or her children in the I know that Henry Reuss is taking us Government Employees and the American way the parent lives in and around the home! somewhere. His 22 years in Washington and Postal Workers Union-argue that the act we invite all Americans to join members his earlier experience on the Milwaukee of our Churoh in setting aside one evening School Board, as Special Prosecutor in the disenfranchises federal workers and unfairly a week for family activities together-dis­ restricts their First Amendment rights of free City, and as Deputy General Counsel of the cussing the scriptures, family matters, good Marshall Plan-have provided him with a speech and association. They contend the act citizenship, and having wholesome fun to­ is unnecessarily broad. unique perspective on the multifaceted prob­ gether. lexns of the city. The Hatch Act has been upheld by the we urge members of the Church and all Supreme Court on three occasions. I~ most As Chairman of the House Committee on citizens of this country to observe National Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs, he has recent decision declared that restrictwns on Family Week \Vith fitting activities and re­ political activity were justifiable; public laws legislative jurisdiction over the Department flection. of Housing and Urban Development. and programs, it contended, should be ad­ we commend to all the words of the Lord: ministered impartially and without the ap­ Our relationship could be tense. pearance of bias; the government workforce "And they shall also teaoh their children But Henry Reuss is a thoughtful person should not be employed to build a powerful to pray, and to walk uprightly before the and the Committee which he leads has some political machine; and employees should be Lord."-Doctrine and Covenants 68:28. of the best minds and most effective leaders free from pressures to perform political SPENCER W . KIMBALL, on the Hill. chores. N. ELDON TANNER, Chairman Reuss' new Subcomrr_ittee on MARION G. ROMNEY, the City is adding depth and reflection to In the words of the Court, "It is in the best The First Presidency. interest of the country, indeed essential, that the daily press of Congressional action. federal service should depend on meritorious Through it, Henry Reun' commitment to the performance rather than political service." cities, to working people and to the poor is made manifest. I share these commitments. The Times opposes amendments to Hatch SECRETARY HARRIS ADDRESSES If it is to be less unheavenly, the city must Act for at least three reasons; that ch~n&es be viewed as a system, where economic would increase the potential for buildmgi a TESTIMONIAL FOR HON. HENRY S. REUSS development and social programming are powerful political machine through use i of inextricably woven. In the words of Chair­ government workers; give the bureaucrac:y a man Reuss, urban policy must form a seam­ political outlook that could undermine ~d­ HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI less web-jobs, housing, education, civil ministrative discretion; increase the ability rights, and private enterprise must function of the executive to manipulate the civil serv­ OF WISCONSIN together in a rational manner. ice. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In the past, the Federal Government has Monday, October 31, 1977 not adopted a national policy which simul­ taneously addresses the weakening of older NATIONAL FAMILY WEEK Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, on Oc­ central city economies, the causes and nega­ tober 13, 1977, our distinguished col­ tive effects of suburbanization, and the league, Representative HENRY S. REuss, plight of central city minority groups. In HON. DAN MARRIOTT was honored at a testimonial dinner in many cases, it has inadvertently contributed OF UTAH to the problems and imposed complex, costly Milwaukee in recognition of his 23 years and irrelevant requirements on State and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of dedicated service to the city and to local governments. Monday, October 31, 1977 the Nation. After years of being told that the urban Well-deserved accolades from Presi­ crisis can be over if we only neglect it-­ Mr. MARRIOTT. Mr. Speaker, one of dent Carter, Governor Schreiber, and benignly or, more malignantly, by telling the most important bills that we have local officials, paid tribute to the contri­ cities like New York to "drop dead"-our passed in this session is House Joint Res­ butions that Representative REuss has cities deserve more. olution 439, now Public Law 95-100, made to solving the critical issues of our The President has directed me to chair a passed July 18, 1977, proclaiming No­ cabinet level Urban and Regional Policy times, including fighting inflation, fos­ Group to develop a more coordinated na­ vember 20 through 26 as National Fam­ tering job growth, rebuilding our cities, tional urban and regional policy and to ily Week. and achieving meaningful tax reform. I prepare program recommendations in time The first presidency of the Church of have been privileged to serve with Rep­ for the January State of the Union Message. Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is resentative REuss throughout this pe­ We are now examining: urging all of its members to observe this riod, and to personally witness his out­ The ways in which coordinated economic week with fitting activities and reflec­ development can revitalize cities; standing dedication, judgment, and The overriding importance to a national tion. So impressed was I with the letter ability. urban policy of insuring jobs; they sent to their members that I felt Also honoring Representative REuss on The links between physical development it would be proper to insert it in the this occasion was the Honorable Patricia and national employment policies; October 3"1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36135 The establishment of greater cooperation Homesteading program-are especially im­ pate in new variations on urban homestead­ between the suburbs and their central portant to cities like Milwaukee, with its ing; help weatherize and retrofit homes; play cities; basically sound housing stock. a key role in new public and industrial con­ The role of a neighborhoods policy; For the first time, HUD is coordinating struction; produce crops in hydroponic com­ Programs that eliminate redlining in all urban development and housing strategies munity greenhouses; sta1f security forces for its forms; to achieve maximum leverage of Federal peace of neighborhood mind and encourage­ Approaches to the establishment of effi­ funds in targeting change to our urban ment of commercial success; work as para­ cient intra- and inter-city transportation; centers. professionals in education, health and re­ The need for new mechanisms fo·r munic­ We have clarified the intent of the com­ lated services; and provide day care for ipal finance; arul. munity development program by specifying others. The urban impact of alternative tax reform that HUD will monitor the operation of Some of this work-like home weatheri­ proposals. block grant programs and enforce the re­ zation-has the capacity simultaneously to All of this is being coordinated with the quirement that they must principally bene­ create more jobs, dampen price increases, President's energy program. Twenty-five of fit low- and moderate-income people-by and provide Americans a more stable priced the 113 proposals in the energy package are funding projects that aid low- and moderate­ set of goods and services that meet their actions which cities and States can take to income neighborhoods, eliminate slums and basic human needs. avoid the great excess of energy demand over blight, or meet other urgent needs. The 1esso1.1 underlying many of these po­ supply which otherwise will occur in the A.ad we have already proven that we are tential initiatives is that modern American 1980s. New buildings and upgraded hospital serious. technology can serve in more labor- and and school structures can become models of Other components of a more targeted na­ skill-intensive work to satisfy many local energy efficiency, cogeneration projects can tional urban development plan by the needs. allow utiliti'!s to sell waste heat to business, Administration include: We must also ascertain how programs can and units with solar heating and other Initiation of HUD's $400 million urban be facilitated by a neighborhood crime pre­ energy-saving innovations can be given development action grant program to lever­ vention policy that helps people build a stake special tax benefits. dge public money with private financing for in their community. We are now exploring In his press conference this morning, the unique, non-recurring city projects; such a policy. Many other issues related to President made clear the international Examination of an urban bank, which crime, like handgun registration and con­ leadership role which the United States must could provide equity capital for the longer trol, have an impact on community develop­ take to help our allies w:th their own energy run, making available grants and low inter­ ment that has not been sufficiently dealt programs. The cities of this country provide est loans to businesses willing to invest in with. a testing ground for much that needs to be the city; Part of our neighborhoods policy provides done. Redirection of the Economic Development for special efforts to encourage some of the We cannot, in our national urban policy, Administration's programs from a more rural middle class to stay in or return to targeted simply hand down programs from Washing­ to a more urban focus; and areas of center city revitalization. Commut­ ton. Chairman Reuss has recognized this. Preliminary consideration of an expanded ing energy can be saved, the urban tax base He has asked that Mayors, Governors and new-towns-in-town program when the cur­ expanded, and neighborhoods stabilized. We other local officials be brought into the proc­ rent moratorium on new communities is share Henry Reuss' concern that we press ess. He has said that business, labor, neigh­ lifted-so that we might proceed with review this as a part of urban revitalization. borhood groups and thoughtful citizens of prospects like the Park West area of We are reviewing a "Targeted Tandem" must be heard. Milwaukee. program to buoy urban rehabilitation of We are proceeding accordingly-through In all of this, a new public-private part­ single and multifamily dwellings. A second­ meetings in the White House with all of nership needs to be established. The task is ary marke~ is being considered to buy, at these groups, through the national citizen not easy. We must forge an alliance which preferred rates, mortgages in distressed cities urban growth forums that have been held the 60s and early 70s could not create-one and neighoorhoods. If lenders are able to sell in many cities, through the White House which accepts the use of the profit motive existing mortgages at favorable prices and Conference on Urban Growth, which will be in the pursuit of social objectives. use the proceeds to make new loans, we be­ held next year, and through extensive com­ But it can be done-as the South Shore lieve that it will become easier to borrow munications across the country by the team Bank has demonstrated in Chicago and the money in areas where private financing has of professionals working on our emerging Philadelphia Mortgage Plan against redlln­ been hard to get in the past. urban policy. ing has shown in the East. The other, equally imuortant side of neigh­ The cornerstone of progress must oe Henry Reuss beileves that more neighbor­ borhood revitalization is to prevent or greatly recognition that a civilized society can no hood groups should be given the means to minimize the di<>placement of low-income longer expect poor people to accept unem­ revitalize their ccmmunities through devel­ groups in places of middle class in-move­ ployment and a dangerous physical environ­ opment corporations. This, too, is a vehicle ment. With ;;he past of urban renewal, we ment. for targeting that we are examining. Com­ do not want a future in which inner city We have learned that "trickle down" munity Development corporations are crucial ghettos are traded for the suburban slums economics through manipulative fiscal and for institution building at the people's level. characteristic of Latin America and many monetary policy cannot alone eliminate It is common-sense ecJnomics through self­ other parts of the world. structural unemployment and underemploy­ help-with benefits bubbling up rather than An Interagency Project on Human Dis­ ment in the Nation's inner cities. trickling down. The successes of the East placement is now looking at existing benefits We must accept, then, the goal of insur­ Side Housing Action Council and the citizen under the Uniform Relocation and Real ing that every m.an and woman willing and and community groups working in and Property Acquisition Act of 1970, and the able to work has the opportunity to do so. around Brady Street in Milwaukee hint at possibility of extending benefits to public Chairman Reuss also has advocated a com­ what can be accomplished with more Fed­ and private development not now covered puterized national job bank and relocation eral commitment. by the law. We at HUD have established aid for jobless Americans who want to move If this is a nation of cities, then Milwau­ special set-asides of Section 8 subsidies for from depressed cities to areas where work is kee is a city of neighbJrhoods, based on the families facing displacement because of in­ available. The Administration is now exam­ strengt~ of its people. It is a city which nat­ creased rent, rising property values, and re­ ing such a plan, based on the experience in urally embraces the hopes and plans of the habilitation in urban neighborhoods. Sweden. new office of Neighborhoods, Voluntary As­ Yet preo-sing on our solutions is the reality Jobs must be made to work for community sociations and Consumer Protection which I that a higher percentage of the poor live in development-and economic revitalization have organized at HUD and which is headed central city neighborhoods than '.:'Ver before. will use housing programs not only to shelter by Father Geno Baroni. Of the poor who reside there, the percent­ the poor, but as vehicles for channeling new We want to remove the impediments age who are black has risen from 37 percent construction to areas of greatest need. against the natural forces of neighborhood to nearly 50 percent In the past 15 years. One An increasingly used word in Washington self-help, protect functioning neighborhoods ln every six black Americans-more than is "Targeting." We are talking both of cities from decline, and meet the needs of severely four million people-is trapped in poverty and their component neighborhoods. deteriorated neighborhoods. in urban ghettos. And a majority of housing No single program is the answer, but the We are seeking coordination with other markets over recent years have .. xperienced coordination of a number of efforts will agencies-such as ACTION, the Department an increase in segregation-a phenomenon serve the overall objective of revitalizing of Labor and the Department of Justice­ that is further increasing the average black's urban areas. and are initiating a technical assistance pro­ i ~ olation from the Nation's whites. At HUD, we are targeting the $3.5 billion gram for neighborhood groups. Ten years after the Kerner Commission it Community Development Block Grant pro­ As we court a marriage between new jobs is debatable whether we are any less separate and physical development of the community, gram, new Assisted Housing programs, and or more equal. Housing Rehabilitation programs toward there is much potential in asking not. what can be done for people, but how government It is well to remember the Polish author, deteriorating inner city areas to help them Stanislaw Lee, who asks us not to "under­ become dynamic, viable places to live, wo-rk can facilitate efforts of the people to do it and raise families. themselves. rate prejudice as a means of fighting it." The rehabilitation initlatives-lllustrated, We can, with appropriate training, use the Racial problems are not just c;ymptoms of for example, by the newly expanded Urban unemployed to rehabilitate housing; partici- larger and more national trends. They are, CXXIll--2274--Part 28 36136 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3·1, 1977 in and of themselves, a major cause of the I want a city full of variety and move­ THE FUTURE: AN AUTO EXECUTIVE urban condition. ment, peace and serenity a city of proud and LOOKS AT THE AUTOMOBILE AND Langston Hughes can justiftably wonder gentle women and men, of six year olds who what happens to a dream deferred: are joyful, 83 year olds who are wise, and ENERGY SUPPLIES "Does it dry like a raisin in the sun? handicapped citizens who live with dignity. Or fester like a sore-and then run? I want a great deal, but, to paraphrase HON. LUCIEN N. NEDZI Does it stink like rotten meat? Henry Demarest Lloyd if we wait to be forced Or crust and sugar over-like a syrupy by events, we shall be astounded to find how OF MICHIGAN sweet? much more extreme they are than our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. utopias. Monday, October 31, 1977 Or does it explode?" The system changes slowly. Many are im­ If it is not to explode, we must build on patient. The battles are hard. But the effort Mr. NEDZI. Mr. Speaker, when I was the racial, ethnic, cultural and political di­ is worth a lifetime-yours, and Henry Reuss' growing up in the Detroit area, the auto versity of our people. and mine. industry was a target of turmoil and We need: suspicion. Rightfully so. It was natural More organizations like Harambee, to pull for most of us to ally ourselves with the together the personal identities of our mi­ SPECIALTY STEEL IMPORTS nority populations and give them support cause of the auto workers who were through block leaders; struggling for decent wages, improved More parent and family programs, like HON. JOHN P. MURTHA working conditions, and bargaining those created by the North West Action OF PENNSYLVANIA rights. Council; and Now the most difficult struggles have More interracial cooperation at the neigh­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been won, and, in the process, manage­ borhood level, such as that pursued by the Monday, October 31, 1977 Sherman Park Community Association ment has become far more responsible through its Manpower and Economic De­ Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, as a strong and community-minded than it used to velopment programs. supporter of the need for specialty steel be. There are endless numbers of bridge issues imports, I would like to insert into the Of course, I still believe that the pro­ that offer political and personal strength to RECORD for the information of the mem­ nouncements of management should be the black, the brown and the white working bers, a letter I received recently from subjected to a healthy dose of skepticism. citizens in older central cities. There are Mr. R. P. Simmons, chairman of the ad­ But I have found plenty of good sense many opportunities to bring people to­ visory committee of the Specialty Steel and decency in the ranks of today's au­ gether: tomobile industry. The common concern for adequate hous­ Industry. I certainly concur with the ing and adequate medical care. need for President Carter to approve the In this regard, I regret that there are The common desire for quality education continued import regulations recom­ some people in the Nation's Capital who for their children. mended by the International Trade seem to be automatically against what­ The common hope for clean air, clean Commission. ever the auto industry is for. The indus­ water and healthy environment. The letter follows: try deserves a fair hearing in all quarters. The common fe•ar of crime and unsafe OCTOBER 24, 1977. A General Motors executive, Mr. How­ streets. Hon. JOHN P . MURTHA, ard H. Kehrl, recently spoke on the fu­ The common struggle for jobs and decent wages. U.S. House of Representatives, ture of the automobile and on energy de­ Cannon House Office Building, The common commitment to a better way velopment and conservations. His re­ of life for themselves and their children. Washington, D.C. marks are worthy of our attention, and, The Federal Government must dedi­ DEAR MR. MURTHA: The International under leave to extend, are set forth be­ cate itself to more effective enforcement of Trade Commission has determined that ter­ low: fair employment and open-housing laws, as mination of specialty steel quotas at this REMARKS BY HOWARD H. KEHRL time would adversely and seriously affect the Chairman Reuss advocates. Thanks, Howard, and good morning, ladles Along with the revitalization of center Steel Industry of the United States. This and gentlemen. cities, HUD has set as its other principal determination was made after extensive re­ view of the present state of the Specialty I compliment you for coming to Detroit goal the provision of freedom of opportu­ this year. I can't think of a better place for nity and expanded housing options to all Steel Industry and the probable impact of termination or sig"'ificant modification of your group to meet, and it's especially fitting citizens, regardless of race, ethnic origin, or for you to be so close to the Detroit-Windsor economic condition. the quotas put into place for a three-year period on June 14. 1976 under provisions of Tunnel and the Ambassador Bridge. They To ensure that there will be equal oppor­ exemplify the international flavor of your tunity for low-income families in the sub­ the Trade Act of 1974. association. urbs as well as the city, HUD has informed The specialty steel quotas which are in Toll roads, tunnels, bridges and ferries are, participating communities that we will effect, we believe, should be retained. We of course, vital transportation links, and it's strictly enforce the requirements of the hope that you will support our plea to the a pleasure to have· you who manage them Housing Assistance Plan, and require hous­ President to confirm the determination of with us here. ing for low- and moderate-income people the International Trade Commission and per­ With your involvement in transportation, when shown to be necessary. mit the specialty steel ouot'3s to run the full I thought you would be interested in an Now there are cities and counties that three-year period terminating is June, 1997. overview of some of the trends taking shape know we mean what we say. Statements made by carhon steel industry in our industry. So let's look first at the sales What do I want for the city? leaders at the recent White House meeting prospects, then review some product ap­ I want a place with flowers in the spring with regard to their general opposition to proaches, and end up with the energy and tomatoes in the summer on the roof­ voluntary quotas or orderly marketing agree­ challenge. tops and in the yards of city homes. ments were made in the context of such It's easy to make sales predictions, but, un­ I want a city where the schools open the agreements outside of existing U.S. trade fortunately, they are often wrong. That's minds of all children to the extraordinary laws. The specialty steel quotas now in effect especially true in the auto industry. We've power of a sentence and the precise glories resulted from a petition filed under provi­ erred from time to time over the years-even of ma.thematics. sions of the Trade Act of 1974. This peti­ though our batting average in the past two I want a city that dwells not just on the tiort was entirely con"istent with the intent years is exceptionally good-and usually our dollar and the need for economic growth, of Congress in passing this legislation in errors have been on the low side-just too but that also celebrates the quality and 1974 and in no way co.,tradict~ these state­ conservative. texture of life. ments. Jndeed, the carbon steel leaders called The love affair of the public with automo­ I want a city where equality of opportu­ for vigorous enforcement of all of our trade biles is far from over . . . in fact, some re­ nity is the fundamental fact from which all laws. spects, I think it's picking up momentum others are derived and the central point at We urge you to supnort our position. the due to the revolution in new car resizing and which all observations are terminated. poc:ition of the Tnternatio..,al Trade Com­ redesign. People seem more interested thn.n I want a city where every young girl and mission twice, and one President in finding ever in cars and trucks. boy can dream of becoming President, or, as that American companies ~hnuld be pro­ That's a good reason for GM's sales predic­ Mr. Carter has said, the even more difficult vided relief throuP.'h the Imposition of sne­ tions to be so bullish for 1978. Based on a job of Mayor. cialty steel quotas for a three-year period healthy economy and favorable consumer at· I want a city where salsa blends with and sunport retention of such quotas. titudes, our 1978' model year forecast for in· Gemutlichkleit, where Italian children learn Very truly yours, dustry new car and truck deliveries is 15% . about Jewish poverty and where Polish R . P . STMMON'S, million units. That would eclipse 1973 as the . children read Alex Haley. Chairman, Advisory Committee. all-time record sales year and give the indus· October 31, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36137 try its third consecutive year of increased Farther in the future, we see electric cars. to our energy program. We have the knowl­ sales. We hope GM's first electric-powered car is edge at hand to use this source. Electricity is Breaking down the '78 model year forecast, le.ss than 10 years off, but the timetable de­ bemg commercially produced now at the we look for deliveries to be in the area of 11 ~It pends upon Improvements in the perform­ Geysers fields near San Francisco. million cars and 3% million trucks. And we ance and cost of batteries. Once these prob­ Biomass, such as plant life, will be a ~ource expect the increases to come from cars and lems are resolved, we believe the electric of alcohol fuels and chemical raw materials trucks manufactured in the United States. car is one of the best possibilities on the in the future. The processes for putting bio­ Forecasts for the remainder of this decade horizon to use energy from coal and nuclear mass to this use are well known or already should erase any doubts that the auto indus­ energy for personal transportation. in the development stage. An example is re­ try is a growth industry. Energy is so closely linked to future prod­ search being conducted on a cactus plant We expect the upward trend to continue, uct planning that we keep it in mind in that produces a milky fiuid. Nobel chemist and we don't think '78 model year sales will everything we do. At General Motors, for Dr. Melvin Calvin believes the fluid could be borrow from 1979. The trend has been for car example, we have a team of experts assem­ a source of automotive fuel, and wants to sales to increase by about 250,000 units a bled to study all aspects of the subject. Our plant the cactus in arid regions of Southern year. With a level trend we would have 12 ~'2 Research Staff scientists, our economists, our California. million car sales by 1980 ... so I don't see Energy Management specialists, and our Other plants that may be sources of fuels 11 .7 million sales next year being very much Energy Policy Group are constantly review­ and chemicals can be grown on land un­ above the trend. mg conservation methods and monitoring suitable for food crops. Our GM scientists These market projections should dispel supplies. estimate it is possible to provide enough any fears you might have about a decline in We have developed an energy scenario methanol to fuel 106 million cars (the cur­ automobile transportation. Private cars will that I thought you would be interested rent national fieet size) , driven 10,000 miles remain the backbone of our transportation in. It illustrates some of our longer-term per year, and getting fuel economy equivalent system, and they will continue to use your projections. to 50 miles to the gallon, from biomass facilities in ever-increasing numbers. Let's take a look at the energy possibilities grown annually on 60 million acres of wood­ This doesn't mean that our transportation for 1985 and beyond. land. There are over 400 million acres of such system will remain as it is today over the Electric cars or vans, as was mentioned land in the United States that could be used next few years. There will be changes-tre­ earlier, will grow in numbers for specialized for that purpose. mendous changes. . . . Changes in modes, applications and the trend will be acceler­ To sum up the energy picture, the future products and technology. ated as central powerplants are converted to is extremely challenging but not without There obviously will be some growth in coal or nuclear. Zoning codes encouraging hope. For the next 50 years, we will have pe­ public transportation in the 1980's and '90's. high-density housing near stores and busi­ troleum assuming reasonable conservation. We can see additional use of rail transit, ness places could also hasten the growth of If we direct our petroleum sources to perhaps limited use of such things as people short-trip electric vehicles. vehicle use alone, however, there will prob­ movers, but, in our opinion, the bus will Most vehicles will still use liquid fu~ in ably be oil available through the next cen­ remain the workhorse of public transporta­ the SO 's and 90's, but 5 % of it may well be tury. Synthetic liquid fuels derived from coal tion. Its go-anywhere versatility is un­ derived from coal and oil shale. Even today's and oil shale will become commonplace matched, and it has the capability of speed­ processing technology for coal and oil shale along with electric power from coal and ing up service through exclusive bus lanes. could be cost-competitive by 1990 as petro­ nuclear sources. More distantly, biomass and However, the car, as I mentioned before, leum supplies become ~career. solar energy should put in an appearance. will remain dominant. It will still be the The energy equivalent of an estimated 15 Beyond that, other sources of energy such as way most Americans choose to get to work, trillion barrels of crude oil could be supplied fusion could carry us forward. go to the store, or take a trip. from proved and potential coal and oil shale So much for the long-range energy pos­ We're already starting to see what cars-of­ resources in the United States as compared sibilities. Looking at the near-term chal­ the-future will look like. GM's full-size cars with our U.S. petroleum resources of only lenge, GM is very much concerned with our introduced last year and our new mid-sizes .14 trillion. nation's approach to energy. There is a great are good examples of what's ahead. Cars will New automotive materials will continue to need for increased energy supplies, basically be lighter but roomy enough to provide com­ evolve along with vehicle designs that take fort for the driver and passengers with ade­ founded on the free-market principle. There advantage of their properties. Structural is also an urgent need for energy conserva­ quate luggage room. members of fiber-reinforced plastic compos­ tion. Why the emphasis for weight-saving? ite~-' are anticipated, perhaps giving us ve­ Weight, not size by itself, is what affects Awhile back we in GM asked ourselves the hicles with plastic-encased steel skeletons. question, "Where does all the energy go?" fuel consumption. If we in General Motors Later on, glass fiber in plastic composites are going to have our cars average 27.5 mpg And we looked for an answer in terms of an may be replaced with graphite. annual energy budget for an average house­ by 1985-as mandated by government--and In addition to saving energy, our country still offer five-and-six passenger family-sized hold in BTU's consumed. Here's what we will be increasingly concerned with reusing found: cars, we'll have to redesign and lighten our materials and plastics. By 1990, vehicle de­ full-size models one more time. We already 34 percent of the energy consumed in an signs may specify recyclable materials. By average household is used for heating the reduced their weight some 700 pounds in the year 2000, aluminum and iron in the 1977 models. Before 1985. we will do it again. home, 32 percent for driving the car say 15,- car could be 100 percent recyclable and plas­ 000 miles a year; 8 percent for heating This second-~eneration redesign will be t ic 80 percent recyclable. An indication of tougher than the first one. We've already water, 7 percent each for lighting and air what's to come was given by the U.S. Patent conditioning, 5 percent for cooling or freez­ eliminated the obvious extra pounds. This Office recently when it awarded its 4 mil­ means we will have to depend more on sub­ ing food, 2 percent for cooking, and 1 per­ lionth patent . . . a process to recycle used cent each for drying clothes, watching color stitution of the lightweight materials and asphalt and aggregate compositions. designs to take out weight. TV and operating small aupliances. Wash­ A variety of energy forms are expected to ing machines and dishwashers contributed We're examining and re-examining every emerge from 1995 and beyond that wlll pro­ material, and lightweight susbtitutes are another 1 percent each. vide welcome relief for our energy-short I think this puts the energy picture into being considered wherever possible. Plastics world. are being used more freely. And we're con­ better perspective and shows that the auto­ Nuclear powerplants can supply a quarter mobile isn't the only factor that must be siderin~ greater use of such materials as of our electrical power needs by then. Point­ high-strength, low-alloy steel and aluminum. considered in our nation's conservation ef­ ing clearly to a nuclear future are the 64 forts. As a matter of fact, the energy re- . It's safe to say the cars of the future will commercial reactors now licensed to operate use more of all three materials. quired to heat your home for 2 %! hours in in t he U.S. Long-term abundance of nuclear zero weather would be greater than that Alternate powerplants also figure promi­ power depends on development of breeder required to drive to and from work between nently in product trends for the future. As reactors and fusion technology. Since a manv of vou know, our Oldsmobile Division say the Detroit suburb of Birmingham and breeder plant produces both power for dis­ downtown Detroit on a wintry day. is pioneering V8 dieEel passenger cars. Our t ribut ion and fuel for a number of conven­ Opel division in Germanv has offered diesels This doesn't mean that cars aren't a major tional plants, successful breeder technology energy user. But there are ways to mini­ for many years overseas. but this is the first will ext end energy sources far into the fu­ time we'~e ever installed a non-gasoline mize their fuel consumption . . . and this ture. Breeder technology will be developed can be done almost immediately and result engine in GM production passenger cars in in t he rest of the world regardleEs of the re­ the United States. in huge nationwide fuel savings. cent actionc; taken in the U.S. Merely observing the 55 mile-per-hour This diesel is expected to get about 25 per­ Bevond 1995, solar energy will be used to speed limit would result :n tremendous cent more miles per gallon than a comuar­ some ext ent to cool and heat buildings and energy savings. Our engineers have found. for able gasoline engine, and we exoect the to generate electricity. instance, a 3 to 4 percent decrease in nation­ engine to plav an increasingly important role Geothermal and hydrot hermal energy. ob­ wide gasoline consumption would result if in our near-term efforts to improve fuel tained by taoping the natural heat of the the 55 mph speed limit were strictly observed. economy. earth, will also be making a contribution Even with current driving practices, the U.S. 36138 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3'1, 1977 Department of Transportation estimates a 1 THE UNITED STATES SHOULD IN­ which respect the basic human and civil to 2 percent nationwlde savings. VOKE BOTH ECONOMIC AND rights of all their citizens. As for the im­ Another 1.4 percent of fuel could be saved MILITARY SANCTIONS AGAINST pact such sanctions will have on our ef­ nationwide if car tires were inflated to recom­ SOUTH AFRICA forts to obtain South African Govern­ mended pressures. That seems like a small ment support for majority rule in percentage, but when magnified nationwide Rhodesia, I do not believe that South over the entire car population, it would mean HON. EDWARD I. KOCH Africa's sunport is worth sacrificing the a saving of 1.1 billion gallons of gasoline OF NEW YORK annually. liberties of an additional 21 million Some researchers regard our findings as too IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES South Africans. conservative. The Tire Industry Safety Coun­ Monday, October 31, 1977 I am pleased with the broad support cil, for example, estimates that properly in­ for the resolution proposed by our col­ flated tires could reduce total fuel consump­ Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased league, the Honorable CARDISS COLLINS. I tion by as much as 5 percent. that the House today approved House believe the Congress should go further Increased us:1.ge of radial tires would also Concurrent Resolution 388, in which the and pass legislation invoking economic have an immediate impact on fuel usage. If Congress has strongly denounced the sanctions against South Africa, and I all automobiles on the road today were policies of apartheid and the methods commend to my colleagues the proposals equipped with radials-instead of a third used to maintain them by the Republic which would do that. of them as is now the case--an estimated 3 of South Africa. This concurrent resolu­ percent reduction in total gasoline consump­ tion also urges the President to take "ef­ tion could be achieved. Incidentally, based fective measures against the Republic of LABOR-HEW PAYCHECKS SHOULD on sales forecasts, 90% of our 1978 models South Africa" in order to "register the BE SEPARATED FROM THE LA­ will be equipped with radials. deep concern of the American people As many of you probably know, there is a BOR-HEW APPROPRIATIONS IM­ deal of research work going on in the tire about the continued violation of human PASSE industry, and we can expect ad·Jitional fuel rights" in South Africa. savings as new tire developments reach the I believe the President should take market. even stronger actions than are now part HON. NEWTON I. STEERS, JR. Other nationwide fuel savings can be of the stated policies of the administra­ OF MARYLAND brought about by the new, improved engine tion. The administration so far has only IN THE HOUSE OF REPR.ESENTATIVES oils and driveline lubricants that are being supported prohibiting sales of military Monday, October 31, 1977 developed now. Car and van pooling, and weapons to South Africa by all members keeping cars tuned up and properly main­ of the United Nations. However, since Mr. STEERS. Mr. Speaker, I am today tained also would make an important con­ joining Senator CHARLES McC. MATHIAS tribution. the United States has not sold arms to South Africa for the past 14 years, this in introducing a continuing resolution Good driving practices can also have a policy adds little which would deprive which will pay the salaries and benefits major effect, and the thought occurs that of those people working directly for perhaps our nation's driver training programs South Africa of meaningful U.S. support should put extra emphasis on fuel-efficient and encourage South Africa to change its Labor and HEW while the House and driving practices along with observing safety policies of apartheid; I call upon my col­ Senate attempt to come to an agreement rules and traffic conditions. leagues to adopt legislation and for the over the issue of medicaid funds for Finally, we believe a vast amount of fuel President to adopt regulations which re­ abortion-a dispute which has held up could be saved through more efficient traffic strict economic as well as military trade passage of the Labor-HEW appropria­ flow patterns. Our engineers have found th~t with South Africa. tions bill past the 1977 fiscal year's end the largest single factor affecting the fuel As my colleagues know, South Africa on September 30, 1977. required to complete an urban trip is the has maintained a policy of rigid segrega­ Today, October 31, the continuing re­ time spent on that trip. As levels of conges­ solution which was passed earlier this tion increase, trip times increase and more tion of the races and has maintained fuel is consumed. this segregation through a rigid, total­ month to give the conferees time to work Let me give you an example. In one specific itarian enforcement system. In recent out a suitable compromise on the Labor­ route, we found that a trip in very smooth, weeks the whole world has been shocked HEW bill will run out. While the Novem­ sparse traffic used 25 percent less fuel-a by South Africa's brutal repression of ber 1 paycheck for the 150,000 employees fourth less fuel-than the corresponding trip black newspapers, religious organiza­ in these two Departments is covered by in congested rush-hour traffic. tions, and social organizations in an at­ the first contin•1ing resolution, the It's not always possible to avoid this prob­ tempt to prevent any further protest over November 18 paycheck which must be lem, but we believe urban traffic flow can be the death of the young black South processed on November 9 is not. improved by such things as synchronized African leader Steve Biko or the apart­ There is evidence at this time that the traffic signals, express lanes, one-way systems, heid system. Mr. Biko died under very right-turn-on-red laws, computer-controlled conferees are not likely to reach a com­ freeway access systems, elimination of doubtful circumstances, while in the cus­ promise on this impasse before the selected on-street parking and development tody of the South African police. November 9 deadline. Last Thu.rsday, for of more and better urban expressways. Such The reaction of black South Africans instance, the Senate by a vote of 59 to improvements would translate directly into to Mr. Biko's death no doubt further 33 rejected the House proposal for a com­ greater fuel conservation and much less pol­ terrified the white minority which is at­ promise on this issue. Likewise, the House lution. tempting to continue its racist policies reJected the Senate compromise several I know you are developing vehicle identifi­ through the intimidation of the black weeks earlier by a vote of 234 to 163. cation processes such as AVI to expedite traf­ population. These policies attempt to It is clear that the receipt of Govern­ fic flow by eliminating unnecessary stopping subjugate that population and banish and starting at toll gates. Such efforts will ment employees paychecks should never make a valuable contribution toward the at­ or exterminate any budding leaders or have been tied to a substantive moral tainment of our national energy and air dissenters. I do not believe that such a issue of the magnitude of the medicaid quality goals. government can or should long endure, for abortion issue. It is highly unfair to Energy conservation is a broad subject, and regardless of its police and military force. use civil servants as a pressure point to I've mentioned only a few possibilities. There I believe morality dictates that the force Congress' hand on such a grave are many, many others. But I think this gives United States take action beyond mili­ issue. you an idea of what can be done-almost im­ tary sales prohibitions and invoke eco­ Earlier this month, when the authority mediateiy-to save fuel and help our nation nomic sanctions against South Africa, for paychecks ran out, I received hun­ preserve dwindling energy supplies. regardless of the short-term adverse con­ dreds of calls from employees who live In a relatively short time, we've taken a sequences these actions may have for from paycheck to paycheck. Perhaps, it is hurried trip through the auto industry to­ the U.S. economy. day. We've looked at market prospects, prod­ difficult for Members of Congress, whose uct trends, and energy challenges. I hope the In order to obtain broad international paychecks do not hang in the balance on trip has been interesting and informative ... support, the United States should sup­ this issue, and who for the n:ost part can and gives you a better understanding of what port economic sanctions to be imposed afford to have savings as a backup if their we in the auto industry see ahead and how by members of the United Nations. All pay is held up, to understand the careful we are planning to meet some of our future of these sanctions should be aimed at "check balancing act" which many challenges. forcing South Africa to adopt policies families rely on each month in order to October 31, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36139 keep up with ever increasing costs of House of Representatives and the Committee to the millions who have followed the on Human Resources and the Committee on race via radio and television, Tony was living. Finance of the Senate a report which com­ I realize that to fund paychecks alone prehensively addresses the anticipated finan­ perhaps best known for his world famous will not solve all the problems associated cial condition of the program relating to words, "Gentlemen, Start Your Engines." with the failure of Congress to enact the mandatory coverage of multiemployer plans, To those who knew him better, Tony was Labor-HEW appropriations for 1978. including possible events which might cause more than a starter, he was a doer who There are still significant programmatic the corporation to experience serious finan­ made every effort to do whatever job he increases in such vitally important areas cial difficulty after July 1, 1979. Such report undertook just a little bit better and in shall include an explanation of any alter­ as education for the handicapped and native courses of action which might be a more cheerful manner than it had been special programs for the disadvantaged taken by the corporation to insure proper done before him. which cannot be spent. There are crucial coverage of multiemployer plans and the He earned the respect and affection of supplies at the National Institutes of proper financing of the program relating to all with whom he came into contact. Health, for instance, which can not be such plans. If the report contains recom­ Tony Hulman will be missed and remem­ bought and which literally force a stand­ mendations for amendments to this title, bered by us all. such recommendations shall be fully ex­ still on research projects there. Other plained, and shall be accompanied by ex­ Government business is also forced at a planations of other options for legislative ARE CRUISE MISSILES standstill when employee travel plans change considered and rejected by the cor­ must be canceled because 1978 funds poration. The report shall be presented by INEFFECTIVE? have not been appropriated. July 1, 1978." This is merely a stopgap measure to HON. TIM LEE CARTER be sure that there is food on the table TRIDUTE TO TONY HULMAN OF KENTUCKY and money to pay rent checks, utility IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bills, and the like-on time. MISTER "500" Monday, October 31, 1977 AMENDMENT IN THE FORM OF A HON. JOHN T. MYERS Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, the defense SUBSTITUTE TO H.R. 9378 OF INDIANA of the United States of America is of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ultimate importance. I read just a few days ago of a base in Cuba on which HON. JOHN H. DENT Monday, October 31, 1977 there were 24 long-range Russian bomb­ OF PENNSYLVANIA Mr. JOHN T. MYERS. Mr. Speaker, ers. Each plane, according to the article, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES funeral services were held this morning has a range of 5,000 miles. It is estimated in Terre Haute, Ind., for one of Indiana's that 70 million Americans could be killed Monday, October 31, 1977 most famous sons, Anton Hulman, Jr., if the Russians chose to attack from the Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, on Tuesday, president and chairman of the board of Cuban base with nuclear warheads. I November 1, 1977, H.R. 9378 will come to the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, site consider this situation intolerable. the floor. This bill, Which Mr. ERLENBORN of the annual 500-mile race, recognized Furthermore, Mr. Speaker, the Evans­ and I cosponsored. would automatically as one of the major sporting events in Novak column gave very disturbing in­ postpone mandatory termination insur­ the world. formation to the effect that the cruise ance coverage for multiemployer pension But it was not just the race fans who missile is incapable of penetrating Rus­ plans for a period of 2 years. The Sen­ gathered to pay their last respects to sian defenses. ate is considering a similar measure. Tony, as he was known to all. In his 76 In view of this fact, Mr. Speaker, I However, its version would give the Pen­ years, he demonstrated time and again would hope that this Congress would re­ sion Benefit Guaranty Corporation dis­ that the American system can succeed in vive the B-1 bomber. I enclose the Evans­ cretion to postpone coverage for up to more spectacular ways to the ultimate Novak column for the perusal of the 18 months. In order to more expeditiously benefit of more people than any other Members: consider the subject matter of H.R. 9378, system devised by man. ARE CRUISE MISSILES INEFFECTIVE? an agreement has been reached with the Tony devoted most of his adult years (By Rowland Evans and Robert Novak) Senate sponsors to automatically post­ to putting his business successes in gro­ WASHINGTON.--Becret computer studies pone mandatory coverage for a period of cery wholesaling, banking, newspapers, show that the existing U.S. cruise missile 18 months, and to make the language of radio and television, railroads, utilities, would not have a chance to penetrate the the bills identical. On Tuesday, Novem­ soft drink distributing, and the Indian­ Soviet Union's sophisticated defense system, ber 1, I will move that the House con­ apolis Speedway itself, to work for others. a. revelation acutely embaiTasslng to Presi­ sider an amendment in the form of a Tony's philanthropic projects reflected dent Carter and threatening to the prospec­ substitute to H.R. 9378 to reflect this his true interest in people: tive SALT II agreement. agreement. The studies, conducted jointly over the­ Hospitals for the ill; churches for summer by a private contractor and the Pen­ The amendment follows immediately: spiritual needs; an airport for travelers; tagon, found that a scheduled "live" test AMENDMENT IN THE FORM OF A SUBSTITUTE art gallery for the artistic; universities, would result in the Tomahawk cruise missile TO H.R. 9378 AS REPORTED BY THE COM­ colleges for the young people; chairman being shot down by U.S. defenses. MITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR ON OCTO­ Consequently the Defense Department BER 13, 1977 of war bond sales for national defense; chairman of Flood Control Commission some two weeks ago cancelled the "live" test Strike out all after the enacting clause substituted a "dead" or simulated test. and insert in lieu thereof: "That (a) section to preserve our lands and furnish recrea­ tion for the people; supporter of Olym­ Thart; was intended to sidestep severe em­ 4082(c) of the Employee Retirement Income barrassment for the weapon that became Security Act of 1974 (relating to effective pic games to spur interest in sports strategically crucial when carter shelved_ dates; special rules) is amended- and physical well-being; historical muse­ the B-1 bomber. (!) by striking "January 1, 1978" in para­ ums to remind us of our glorious herit­ graph (1) and substituting "July 1, 1979"; But word has filtered out of the Pentagon, (2) by striking "January 1, 1978" in para­ age; and active support of medical care giving new ammunition to Capitol Hill graph (2) and substituting "July 1, 1979"; for the poor, the Tuberculosis Society, critics of the Carter defense policy. The new (3) by striking "December 31, 1977" in United Fund, Cancer Society, and Red strategic arms limitation agreement (SAL'I paragraph (2) (B) and substituting "June Cross. II) being negotiated in Geneva becomes more 30, 1979"; When you understand the generosity vulnerable than ever to criticisins that it (4) by striking "January 1, 1978" in para­ of this man in giving of himself to make gives the Soviet Union a dangerous advan­ graph (4) and substituting "July 1, 1979"; this community, State, and Nation a tage. (5) by striking "December 31, 1977" in better place in which to live, then you A Defem:e Department spokesman told us paragraph (4) (D) and substituting "June there was no computer study made and that can understand the outpouri.rig of re­ there will be "live" tests of the Toxnahawk. 30, 1979". sponse t0 his sudden death late Thurs­ (b) Section 4082 of such Act is amended But our sources at the Pentagon reaffirmed by adding at the end thereof the following day evening. in detail the story of the cruise missile crisis. new subsection: To the hundreds of thousands who an­ The President's unexpected decision "(d) The corporation shall present to the nually packed the Indianapolis Motor against B-1 bomber production transformed Committee on Education and Labor of the Speedway to see the 500-mile race and the crul.se missile from a theater to a. global 36140 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 31, 1977 weapon. As such, it is now a critically im­ I insert the text of the bill (H.R. 9852) shall be ( 1) the Secretary of Energy, who portant U.S. strategic weapon. at this point in the REcORD. shall be the Chairman, ( 2) the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commision, (3) the Although the cruise missile team has H.R.- boasted that their weapon presents radar a Chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory cross-section the size of a seagull, that may A bill to provide for a study of the eco­ Commission, (4) the Chairman of the Coun­ be too big. nomics of nuclear power, the siting, reli­ cil on Environmental Quality, (5) the Ad­ Further reducing the cross-section or in­ ability, and other aspects of nuclear reg­ ministrator of the Environmental Protection creasing the missile's speed would require ulation, the disposal of wastes from nu­ Agency, (6) the Chief of the Corps of Engi­ major changes. clear facilities licensed pursuant to the neers, and (7) the Director of the Office of "I'm very much afraid," one technical ex­ Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, Management and Budget. In addition, the pert told us, "that the cruise missile is about and the delays associated with licensing President shall appoint to the Commission one weapon generation away from being able and construction of such facilities, and one representative of the National Governors to penetrate Soviet defenses." for other purposes Conference, one representative of State agen­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House cies that regulate rates charged consumers of Representatives of the United States of for the use of electric energy, two representa­ NUCLEAR POWER STUDY America in Congress assembled, That this tives from the nuclear power industry, and COMMISSION Act may be cited as the "Comprehensive two representatives from the general public Nuclear Regulatory Act of 1977". who have no direct financial interest in the nuclear industry and who represent citizen FINDINGS AND PURPOSES or environmental organizations. HON. JOHN D. DINGELL SEc. 2. (a) The Congress finds- (c) The Commission shall begin its study OF MICHIGAN ( 1) that there is a need for developing, within 60 days after enactment of this Act IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES improving, and utilizing alternative sources and shall publish an initial report, including of energy for present and future generations; proposed recommendations for public review Monday, October 31, 1977 (2) that one alternative source is nuclear and comment, within 180 days after the Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I have energy which should be utilized whenever study begins. The Commission shall also ob­ been informed that the administration technologically and financially appropriate tain the views and comments of all members in order to lessen our dependence on im­ of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the shortly intends to present to the Con­ ported petroleum and conserve natural re­ Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, and gress a proposal, in the form of a bill, sources for high priority uses; the Council on Environmental Quality. All to expedite the siting and licensing of (3) that interstate commerce is sub­ such comments shall be made in writing or in nuclear power reactors which generate stantially affected by the siting, construc­ an oral proceeding, if any, with a transcript electricity. This proposal has been for­ tion, operation, and decommissioning of nu­ made, and shall be available to the public. mulated without the benefit of a compre­ clear power reactors and by the disposal of The public shall have a minimum of 45 days hensive study to identify the causes of solid wastes from nuclear facilities; to comment. The Commission, after giving the present delays in the siting and li­ (4) that an essential element of any na­ full consideration to such comments, shall tional energy policy must be effective poli­ submit a final report to the President and censing process. For the administration cies and procedures for licensing and con­ the Congress within 120 days after publica­ to have proceeded in such a manner is structing nuclear power reactors, which tion of the initial report, together with such in direct contravention of the April 30 (A) are consistent with applicable en­ recommendations as the Commission deems national energy plan, wherein the ad­ vironmental laws, standards, and regula­ appropriate. The report shall include the ministration announced that "the Presi­ tions, separate views, if any, of any member of the dent has directed that a study be made (B) provide for effective protection of the Commission. The Commission shall terminate of the entire nuclear licensing process." public health and safety and the common upon submission of the report to the Con­ defense and security, and gress. That promised study has never been (C) provide for an anti-trust review, as (d) Each Federal agency represented on the completed. It apparently has not yet provided under existing law; Commission shall provide, without reim­ even been initiated. As a consequence, (5) that the licensing and regulation of bursement, such funds, personnel, and facili­ the early drafts of the administration's nuclear power reactors should be the re­ ties as the Chairman deems appropriate to proposed bill, which began circulating in sponsibility of an independent regulatory carry out the Commission's responsibilities. August, have met with nearly universal agency; Any person made available to the Commis­ opposition from both the nuclear indus­ (6) that the States and the public have a sion pursuant to this section by any non­ try and intervenors. direct and significant interest in partici­ Federal member of any organization which pating at the earliest practicable time and such member represents shall not be con­ Because I believe it would be useful to the fullest extent possible in the plan­ sidered a Federal employee for any purpose. for the administration to undertake this ning, siting licensing, construction, opera­ SEc. 4. (a) The study conducted by the study in order to clarify some of its tion, and decommissioning decisions asso­ Commission shall, at a minimum, cover the positions in regard to the problems asso­ ciated with the development and licensing following matters: ciated with the siting and licensing of of nuclear power reactors in determining ( 1) the extent to which and when deter­ nuclear power reactors, I am today intro­ whether the new generating capacity which minations respecting the need for new elec­ such reactors would provide is needed, and tric generating facilities are made by respon­ ducing legislation to establish a tempo­ whether alternative sources of power are sible Federal and State agencies and electric rary Nuclear Power Study Commission. available including, but not limited to solar utilities, the adequacy of those determina­ The purpose of this Commission is to energy, coal-fired generating plants, conser­ tions, and the extent to which there is or identify and analyze the problems in the vation, and other technologies; should be public participation in such deter­ present siting and licensing process and (7) that consumers of electric energy gen­ minations; to formulate solutions which will elimi­ erated by nuclear power facilities are ad­ (2) the proper role of Federal and State nate avoidable delays without weaken­ versely impacted by the costs incurred as a governments or regional authorities and the ing existing regulations which are de­ result of delays in the licensing and con­ public in determining whether new gener­ signed to protect the public health and struction of nuclear power reactors or aban­ ating capacity is needed and in conducting donment of such reactors; environmental, health and safety reviews and safety and the environment. (8) that the economic justification for nu­ the extent to which such governments or au­ The Commission is to be composed of clear power with respect to the alternative thorities and the public should participate in 13 members: Representatives of the af­ methods of electric power generation, con­ the choice of fuels for new generating fa­ fected Government agencies, the States, servation or displacement of electrical loads cilities; the State licensing agencies, the nuclear to other sources of energy is in question. (3) the adequacy of current planning in industry, and consumers. The Commis­ (b) It is therefore the purpose of this Act the public and private sector for the siting to provide for a comprehensive study to de­ of new electric power generating facil1ties sion is directed to submit a preliminary termine whether and to what extent the and whether early notice and approval of report to the Congress within 180 days policies, practi-ces and procedures of Federal such sites is needed and practicable, taking after the initiation of its study, and to and State agencies responsible for approving into consideration changing power needs, file a final report within 120 days after the siting, licensing, construction and oper­ costs, land use planning, zoning and other the publication of its initial report. The ation of nuclear power reactors, of nuclear local requirements; findings of this study will then provide power license applicants and of the persons (4) the adequacy and reasonableness of an informational base upon which the who design, construct and equip nuclear the methods used to estimate costs of nuclear administration can more effectively for­ power reactors should be changed or modi­ power reactors, including decommissioning, fied. fuel management, waste disposal, safety, mulate a comprehensive policy that ade­ SEc. 3. (a) There is hereby created a tem­ health and safeguard costs and the extent to quately protects the interests of all those porary commission to be known as the "Nu­ which the public is made aware of these who are concerned with the siting, li­ clear Power Study Commission" (hereinafter, costs; censing and economics of nuclear power in this Act referred to as the "Commission"). (5) the adequacy and effectiveness of reactors. The Federal members of the Commission plans, if any, of the public and private sec- October 31, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36141 tors for decommissioning nuclear power fa­ ens the terms of judges for 12 years, and He added, however, there was no evidence cilities; places the U.S. trustees under the su­ of fraudulent voting and that he is await­ (6) the existence of (A) delays associated pervision of the Judicial Conference ing a report from the Cuyahoga County Elec­ with the siting, licensing and construction rather than the Justice Department. tion Board on the scope of the improper of nuclear power reactors, and (B) the rea­ identifications. sons for such delays and the effect of licens­ "Aye" on rollcall No. 173, a motion that Brown said his office was powerless to do ing and construction delays on the cost of the Committee of the Whole rise. anything about the alleged irregularities de­ nuclear power, and the reasonableness and spite a roving force of 16 staff members who effect of setting deadlines or timetables for visited between 125 and 150 of Cleveland's licensing actions, and the need for an interim OHIO AND ELECTION DAY 645 preci:o.cts during voting hours. operating license; REGISTRATION "We didn't want them (Cuyahoga County (7) the adequacy and safety of present and Election Board employees and officials) to planned procedures for the transportation, think we were trying to run their election," disposal, safeguarding and containment of HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN explained Brown, whose office is responsible nuclear wastes, including the adequacy of OF CALIFORNIA for administering Ohio's election law. sites for such disposal; The Cleveland election, a non-partisan (8) the extent to which environmental, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES primary, involved the mayor and City Coun­ health and safety reviews of nuclear power Monday, October 31, 1977 cil. It was the first test of instant voter reactors for which a license is sought should registration in Cleveland under the state be conducted by state or Federal agencies, Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, I have law enacted last May. or both; strongly opposed the measure to provide Brown said the effect of the votes of im­ (9) the adequacy of public participation for election day registration because it properly registered persons on the mayoral at the Federal and State levels in all deci­ would open up new opportunities for and councilmanic contests "will never be slonmaking concerning the siting or licens­ known. However," he added, "I don't think ing of nuclear power reactors; fraud and would create administrative there was any attempt at fraudulent voting. (10) the need for intervenor funding for chaos. "We saw some of the finest and most com­ Federal and State proceedings; Various pressure groups in Ohio petent poll workers imaginable in Cleveland," ( 11) the capacity of states to internally pushed through the State legislature a said Brown in his news release. "But in spite perform environmental assessments which measure to provide for election day reg­ of a vigorous training program and detailed comply with Federal standards; istration in the State. This measure was instructions issued by the Cuyahoga County (12) the advisability of locating nuclear Election Board, large numbers of persons power reactors away from heavily popu­ even passed over the veto of the Gover­ voted without presenting proper identifica­ lated areas, and from areas that are not nor of Ohio. The voters of Ohio will have tion. adjacent to national parks, monuments, rec­ the opportunity to give their judgment "Our staff observed repeated instances of reational areas and national wildlife refuges; on November 8 when they will have the citizens being registered with welfare cards, ( 13) such other matters as the Commis­ chance to vote on repealing or keeping college I.D.'s, Canadian drivers' licenses, Cali­ sion deems appropriate. this new law. fornia and Ohio birth certificates, a hus­ (b) The report of the Commission shall band's driver's license, expired drivers• li­ include findings and conclusions concerning The actual problems many of us feared censes, armed service discharge papers, city each of the matters referred to in subsection on the national level from election day worker identification cards, Golden Buckeye (a), together with such recommendations as registration have already appeared in cards, bus passes, Social Security cards, credit the Commission deems appropriate. Ohio with the recent mayoral primary in cards and even marriage licenses," said SEc. 5. There is authorized to be appropri­ Cleveland, Ohio. We discover alleged Brown. ated $3,000,000 to carry out the study au­ irregularities because of improper identi­ "Votes cast by persons with improper cre­ thorized by this Act. dentials count just as much as any others," fication. The secretary of state of Ohio, he said. "Their effect on the outcome of the SEc. 6. Every Federal agency, whether rep­ Ted W. Brown, noted that his staff ob­ resented on the Commission or not, shall Cleveland mayoral primary and the many cooperate fully with the Commission and served voters being registered with such councilmanic races will never be known." provide such information as the Commis­ items as welfare cards, college identifica­ Brown, who has opposed instant registra­ sion may request subject to applicable laws. tion cards, expired driver's licenses, tion, said that he personally visited about All meetings of the Commission shall be Canadian driver's licenses, bus passes, 40 precincts throughout the city and actually open to the public and the public may par­ and marriage licenses. He added that the saw only a dozen persons registering to vote. ticipate, at the discretion of the Chairman, effect on the outcome of those persons He said the rest of his staff witnessed few in such meetings. Any delegate of any Fed­ actual registration but got their information who registered with improper creden­ from pollworkers and their records. eral representative of the Commission who tials will never be known. It also took an participates in any meeting of the Com­ By then, he said, it was too late to enforce mission shall be a presidential appointee. average of 7 minutes to register each one the law. "Our people told the poll workers Each member of the Commission shall have of the individuals who decided to register new registrants were supposed to hav'=l a full access to and copies of all documents on election day. valid Ohio driver's license, an Ohio identi­ and materials of the Commission. fication card issued by the state Bureau of We can imagine the chaos and poten­ Motor Vehicles or the youcher of a person tial for fraud if an election day registra­ living in the same precinct," Brown said. tion system was adopted as a national Brown said an average of 15 persons per system. It is my hopE' that the people of UNAVOIDABLY ABSENT precinct registered on-the-spot throughout Ohio will reject election day registration the day, and that it took them an average on November 8. of seven minutes each to register. HON. MARTHA KEYS I would like to enter into the RECORD The secretary of state said he has no pl~ns OF KANSAS an article entitled "State Claims Snarl to reprimand election officials for allowing improper registrations. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in Instant Vote Here'' by Lee Leonard in the Cleveland Fress on October 6, Asked why the poll workers accepted im­ Monday, October 31, 1977 proper identification after training sessions 1977. It does an excellent job illustrat­ on the new law, Brown replied : "They prob­ Mrs. KEYS. Mr. Speaker, on Friday, ing the problem: ably didn't know, although they had their October 28, 1977, I was unavoidably ab­ (From the Cleveland Press, Oct. 6, 1977] instructions. Maybe the people who wanted sent from the House. Had I been present, STATE CLAIMS SNARL IN INSTANT VOTE HERE to register were big, husky guys and the I would have voted on matters coming (By Lee Leonard) ladles didn't want to challenge them." before the House as follows: COLUMBUS.-Secretary of State Ted W. "Yea" on rollcall No. 711, by which Brown said today large numbers of persons the House agreed to resolve itself into registered and voted without proper identi­ the Committee of the Whole for consid­ fication in Cleveland's mayoral primary PERSONAL STATEMENT eration of H.R. 8200, legislation to estab­ Tuesday, but his office plans no action except lish a uniform law on the subject of to direct poll workers to be more careful at HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI bankruptcies. the November election. Brown said he calculated that more than OF KENTUCKY "Aye" on rollcall No. 712, an amend­ 10,000 Clevelanders took advantage of a new IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment that retains the present court instant election day registration law to vote structure for dealing with bankruptcies, Tuesday, "many of them without proper Monday, October 31, 1977 but expands the jurisdiction of bank­ identification and some without any identi­ Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, because ruptcy judges by appeals courts, length- fication." of previous commitments in my district, 36142 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3'1, 1977 I was absent for part of October 27, 1977, officers Gus Lett, Tom West, and Eugene his daughter, Anita Naz Mardikian; and and October 28. 1977. and missed eight Labiak devoted much of their off-duty other relatives and loved ones on their, rollcall votes. Had I been present: time to meeting with and consulting the and our, great loss. I would have voted ''ave" on rollcall select committee. No. 707 on ~.poroving the conference re­ The select committee realizes the great port on the Federal Mine Security and deal of personal sacrifice that the Chi­ AMERICA'S FARMERS: NEGLECTED Health Amendments Act of 1977. cago Police Department set forth to in­ ORPHANS I would have voted "aye" on rollcall sure a productive hearing in Chicago. No. 708 on :final passage of the confer­ I will always remember the total dedica­ HON. TIM LEE CARTER ence reoort on the National School tion and support displayed by the Chi­ OF KENTUCKY Lunch Act and Child Nutrition Amend­ cago Police Department in their assist­ ments of 1977. ance of the select committee. I greatly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I would have voted "aye" on rollcall admire law enforcement officers who Monday, October 31, 1977 No. 709 on adopting House Re">olution care as much about their jobs as do the Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, many of 866 to amend the Rules of the House of members of the Chicago Police Depart­ America's farmers are in serious diffi­ Representatives to provide for television ment. I am proud to be from a city that culty. Corn prices per bushel have gone and radio coverage of the proceedings of has a professional and hard-working below the cost of production; the price the Houc:e. police department. of wheat is down; the price of soybeans I would have voted "ave" on rollcall has faHen 50 percent within this year. It No. 710 on the rule consideration of H.R. 8200, the bankruntcv reform bill. GEORGE MARDIKIAN-AN OUT­ is incumbent upon us as legislators to see I would have vot.ed ''ave" on anprov­ STANDING AMERICAN PASSES that farmers receive such assistance as ing the Journal of Thursday, October 27, necessary to keep them farming. Fur­ 1977. thermore, it must be made easier for I would have voted "a.ve" on rollcall HON. GEORGE E. DANIELSON young farmers to acquire farmland and No. 711 to resolve the House into the OF CALIFORNIA machinery if we wish this wonderful seg­ Committee of the Whole to consider fur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment of our society to survive and, I ther the bill H.R. 8200, the Bankruptcy trust, flourish. Monday, October 31, 1977 I include an article from the Lexing­ Reform Act. Mr. DANIELSON. Mr. Speaker, it was ton Herald-Leader by Mr. Henry Horns­ I would h~tve voted "no" on rollcall No. with great sorrow that I learned of the by: 712, the DaniP.lson-Ratlsback amend­ passing of a great American, George ment to the bill H.R. 8200. AMERICA'S FARMERS: NEGLECTED ORPHANS Mardikian of San Francisco, on Octo­ (By Henry Hornsby) I would have voted "aye" on rollcall ber 23. No. 713 on a motion that the Committee The farmer is perhaps the greatest bene­ George Mardikian-all that he stood factor of humankind, yet he is cast in the of the Whole rise. for and believed in-how can one put outer darkness of appreciation, his contribu­ into words the breadth and depth of this tions to society taken for granted. If he remarkable human being and his speaks a need, others deride him as a chronic achievements as well as his love of complainer impoEsible of being satisfied. CHICAGO POLICE DEPARTMENT America, which was boundless. Critics speak without understanding, not GREATLY AIDED SELECT COM­ His was a classic example of the considerin~ that farmers more than any other MITTEE ON NARCOTICS ABUSE American dream. An immigrant, he came group exist under the sword of chance, con­ AND CONTROL tinually at the mercy of the elements and the to these shores in July 1922 and worked vagaries of forces born of man's doing. his way up to success and prestige. He The farmer is inspired to hope at planting HON. MORGAN F. MURPHY never stopped singing the praises of our time, yet his dreams can be washed away by OF ILLINOIS great and good country, never forgot the unseasonal rains or burned up by prolonged drought. If the crop fails, he loses his shirt IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES blessings of America, and his everlasting gratitude to his adopted land found its and a year's work. If the harvest is lush, Monday, October 31, 1977 way into his words, his books and his prices drop and he must lower his sights to the level of breaking even and getting back Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, speeches. his investment. on behalf of the Select Committee on Mr. Speaker, on a more personal note, President Jimmy Carter made a recent Narcotics Abuse and Control, I would I first met George Mardikian in 1953, junket through the West, seeking to arouse like to thank the Chicago Police Depart­ over 24 years ago, at his world famous public support for his national energy plan. ment for the cooperation and sunport Omar Khayyam's Restaurant in San Whether he succeeded is not at issue here, that the department gave the select Francisco, which he had opened in 1938. sympathy being more with the farm groups Since then we have frequently been in which used his stops as forums for pleading committee during the past few months. their own causes and seeking redress of a The Chicago Police Department was in­ touch, and I have been much impressed recalcitrant economy. strumental in making the committee's by this great, yet humble, man. Reports are lacking in specifics as to any recent hearing in Chicago a success. The His career in the restaurant business promi.ses, though it Eeems a logical assump­ select committee believes that the de­ began as a dishwasher. He progressed to tion that the president at the least would partment's contribution was highly busboy, counterman, and restaurant h!l.ve assured them of mention in his prayers. significRnt because it provided a frame­ manager. Then he opened his first res­ It's a very old story. For more than a cen­ work for the hearings. taurant, Omar Khayyam's, in Frensno, tury, presidents and would-be presidents have contributed noble lip-service to farmers, The Chicago Police Department's Gang Calif. in 1932, just 10 years after he set yet in the hour of their need, help is directed Crimes South unit provided the select foot on Ellis Island. Throughout his elsewhere, limiting farmers to commisera­ committee with valuable documentation struggles to establish himself as a suc­ tion only from their own land. on how drug traffickers were using cur­ cessful businessman, George was inspired "When tillage begins," said Daniel Webster rency exchanges to launder large sums of by his beloved wife, Naz, who passed in 1840, "other arts follow. The farmers, money out of the country. Gang Crimes away just 2 months ago. therefore, are the founders of human civiliza­ South also arranged for the select com­ Long before my first meeting with tion." In 1896, that perennial candidate William mittee's staff to meet with a key member George Mardikian, and since, his out­ Jennings Bryan was saying, "Burn down your of the Herrera family, the leading heroin standing citizenship brought him many cities and leave our farms, and the cities will traffickers in the Midwest. Because of this well-deserved honors and tributes. His spring up again as if by magic. But destroy information, the select committee was generosity toward the less fortunate, his our farms, and the grass will grow in streets able to conduct a meaningful hearing in numerous civic contributions and his ex­ of every city in the country." Chicago. emplary patriotic spirit will be long In the 1950s, on the eve of his second elec­ remembered. tion as president, Dwight Eisenhower, said The Gang Crimes South unit made in a bid for the farm vote: "Farming looks themselves available to assist the select Mr. Speaker and my colleagues, I know mighty easy when your plow 1s a pencil and committee in preparations for the hear­ you join me in expressing our condo­ you're a thousand miles from the cornfield."' in~s. The men of this unit, Comdr. lences and sympathy to his son, Haig When it came his turn, John F. Kennedy Thomas Hughes, Sgt. Robert Klunk, and Mardikian and his wife, Connie; and to said: "The farmer is the only man in our October 31, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36143 economy who buys everything at retail, sells to endure this outrageous modern day brand Wheels wheelchair football team. Setting everything he sells at wholesale, and pays of terrorism. The hijacking that took place their personal hardships aside, they give the freight both ways." in the last few days was enough to sicken This is the bull's-eye of truth. Like the freedom loving people from all countries, and their all to help others. They are a truly consumer, the farmer is caught in the trap the barrage of telegrams pouring in to the remarkable example to all Americans. As o! inflation. He pays whatever it takes sim­ German government suggests how strongly an old, old football player myself, I can ply because he must have supplies or go out people !eel about the subject. It is almost truly say that they symbolize to me and of business and sells at whatever he can get unbelievable that innocent airline passengers all who see them, the true competitive because his stuff won't keep and the banker and crew members could be subjected to this spirit of our Nation. They are winners won't wait. The squeeze is forcing millions of kind of abuse because a few angry terrorists in every sense of the word. small farmers to give up. want to make a point. It files in the face of At the turn of the century, when Bryan decency common to people of all nations. was paying homage to the farmers, hal! the The International Federation of Airline country's work force labored on the land. In Pilots Association has decided on its own way Eisenhower's era, the figure was down to a of fighting back. The organization president CONGRESSIONAL SALUTE third, and today~uring the Carter regime-­ called a two-day strike for next week if the it's at about five per cent. UN doesn't agree to some proposals to crack As the number of land tlllers has gone down on international hijackings. We're cer­ HON. ROBERT A. ROE down, the size of farms has tended to in­ tainly not usually in favor of strikes that dis­ OF NEW JERSEY crease. Just 10 years ago the average was rupt governments of regular business activi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES about 200 acres; today it's 300. Ownership is ties, but we do understand why the pilots being concentrated in bigger holdings largely would be driven to this threat. Monday, October 31, 1977 through absorbing the vacated land. The UN should act as quickly as possible to Mr. ROE. Mr. Speaker, I rise with But there's another reason: As in manu­ work out some international rules against deep pleasure and pride to give testi­ facturing and real estate, foreign investors hijacking. We have been able virtually to are now buying up all the large tracts of land mony to a good friend, community eliminate them here in the United States leader, outstanding journalist and great they can find, changing the entire concept o! with tight airJ)ort security, which admittedly American agriculture. The days of owner­ is sometimes inconvenient to passengers, but American, the Honorable John c. operator seems doomed to oblivion. essential nonetheless. Other nations could Sciranka of Passaic, N.J., whose stand­ The alien owners are converting their adopt similar security rules at their airports ards of excellence throughout his life­ farmland into huge compounds supervised and they should. time in exemplary service to his fellow­ by land companies or banks. Management of­ These acts of terrorism are intolerable. The man is applauded by all of us. His ten brings in an outside operator who in turn UN should act now to make them all but achievements have been varied and imports his labor. thus disrupting the local impossible. many-of national and international re­ economy and ignoring a community's That's our opinion. We'd welcome a reply. welfare. nown-and today I especially would like Foreign buyers deal generally through a to call to the attention of you and our Swiss bank, keeping the transaction secret colleagues here in the Congress his and protecting themselves from penalties o! WINNERS ON WHEELS: A TRIDUTE sterling record of performance and per­ their own governments. Though our govern­ sonal commitment on behalf of Slovak ment has legislation for disclosure of alien TO THE "SILVER WHEELS" WHEELCHAIR FOOTBALL TEAM Catholics in America, in particular, and investments, it does not seem effective and a all of society, in general, that has en­ veil of secrecy confuses the record o! ownership. abled him to achieve the "Pro Ecclesia Money seems of little concern to these HON. JACK F. KEMP et Pontifice"-for the church and the wealthy foreign purchasers. Their wheeling OF NEW YORK ponti1l'-Award of His Holiness Pope and dealing has hiked land prices beyond th~ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Paul VI-adding additional stature to reach of most resident farmers who seek to his lifetime accomplishments and pro­ expand their own operations. Monday, October 31, 1977 jecting him as the first Slovak-American Protection against this new threat is a Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, today I take journalist to be so honored. type of help the American farmer needs but is not getting, and government's ind11ference great privilege in recognizing a most ex­ Mr. Speaker, the "Pro Ecclesia et Pon­ is tragic. Small farms and traditional farm­ traordinary group of individuals, the tifice" medal is a distinction presented ing are a hallowed institution and we are all Silver Wheels of Buffalo, N.Y. The Silver by the Holy Father to distinguished the poorer for its going. Wheels hold benefit football games on catholic laymen. The medal dates back Sophocles said ignorant men don't know the basketball courts of western New to 1888 when Pope Leo XIn presented what good they hold in their hands until York to raise money for charities. How­ the medal which bears the images of they've flung it away. ever, there is a uniqueness about them; Saints Peter and Paul, to laymen who There seems a parallel in a nation's atti­ the team is composed entirely of physi­ labored on behalf of the church. Since tude toward its own homegrown farmers. cally handicapped students who play then the medal and certificate is pre­ nonhandicapped opponents. I should say sented by ponti1fs to highly esteemed they only think of themselves as "incon­ catholic individuals. venienced," and I am proud of them. ffiJACKING During the 49th National Convention The Silver Wheels wheelchair football of the Slovak Catholic Federation of team was founded in 1970 due to the un­ America, the representative organiza­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI ceasing efforts of Patrick Rowe, who tion of more than 3 million American OF U.LINOIS handles all managerial duties and acts Catholics of Slovak ancestry, the na­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as president of the team. His dream was tional president, Rev. Joseph V. Adamec, to offer a means of recreation for handi­ Monday, October 31, 1977 S.TL., chancellor of the Roman cath­ capped students, not only for the purpose olic Diocese of Saginaw, Mich., an­ Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, we all of bringing the true capabilities of handi­ nounced through the apostolic delegate recognize the tragedies and near trag­ capped persons to the attention of the to the United States, Archbishop Jean edies that have occurred as a result of public, but also to instill confidence and Jadot that His Holiness Pope Paul VI terrorist skyjacking. There must be a develop the many potentialities of the had awarded the "Pro Ecclesia et Pon­ concerted effort, with immediate support handicapped members of the team. tifice" medal to Mr. John C. Sciranka. in the United Nations, to stamp out this Today, the roster of the Silver Wheels In making the presentation before an wave of lawlessness. wheelchair football team is comprised of audience of over 800 Slovak Catholic An editorial, broadcast over Chicago 16 high-spirited players; the age group leaders from every part of the United radio station WBBM on October 19, spans from 11 to 27, and their disabilities States and Canada at the Gus Genetti clearly deals with the need for interna­ include cerebral palsy and muscular dis­ Hotel in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Father tional cooperation to eliminate these acts trophy. Since the founding day, they Adamec noted that our Holy Father of terrorism. The editorial follows: have raised over $8,000 to support such wished to pay well-deserved tribute to HIJACKING charities as the Muscular Distrophy As- Mr. Sciranka, who has dedicated his life If the member countries of the United sociation, the Multiple Sclerosis Associa­ to the cause of American Slovak frater­ Nations don't adopt some rules to curb and tion, and the United Way. nalism. Making the presentation along deal with international hijackers, innocent Today, I would like you to join me in with Father Adamec was Archbishop people the world over will have to continue heralding the noble efforts of the Silver Nicholas T. Elko, D.D., former Byzan- 36144 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3'1, 1977 tine Catholic Bishop of Pittsburgh and Society, and serves as a member of the School "Wildcats" field band was ac­ presently serving as Auxiliary Arch­ press section of the National Fraternal claimed as the very finest in the United bishop to the Roman Catholic Archdio­ Congress of America. States in the toughest of national com­ cese of Cincinnati. Archbishop Elko Through his initiative a communica­ petition at St. Petersburg, Fla. praised the work of Mr. Sciranka. The tions room was dedicated at Scranton The rules of that competition do not Archbishop celebrated a Slovak Pontifi­ University in honor of the Reverend allow 1 year's winner to participate the cal concelebrated mass with 50 other Joseph Murgas, the noted pioneer in following year, but the 180-member Slovak American priests at Sacred Heart wireless telegraphy who was known as grouP-known proudly as the Wild­ Slovak Church in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., to the "radio priest." He also serves as a cats-are still bringing home awards open the convocation of Slovak Catholic director of the Sister Miriam Teresa that testify to their excellence. leadership. Demjanovich League of Prayer, a move­ The weekend of October 22-23, the Mr. Speaker, John Sciranka, noted au­ ment for the beautification of this West Genessee Wildcats took top honors thor and editor in American Slovak life, Slovak American nun of Sisters of Char­ at the Eastern States Invitation competi­ serves as editor of the Katolicky Sokol­ ity, whose parents were born in Slovakia. tion at Falls Church, Va., besting 10 Catholic Falcon-and Priatel Dietok­ In June of 1970 he was a founding other championship-caliber high school Children's Friend-official publications delegate of the Slovak World Congress marching bands from North Carolina, of the Slovak Catholic SOkol, a national in New York City. Since then he has been Virginia, West Virginia, and New York. fraternal benefit society of American a delegate to all succeeding congresses More than 450 friends of the band­ Catholics of Slovak ancestry with a mem­ held in Toronto, Canada; Chicago, Ill.; parents, teachers, administrators, and bership of 50,000. In addition, John Rome, Italy and he is preparing for the classmates-journeyed with the band serves as president of the Slovak News­ fifth convocation of the Slovak World from their homes in Camillus, N.Y., to papermen's Association of the United Congress slated for May of 1978 in cheer the Wildcats to victory. States and president of the eastern re­ Washington, D.C. He is chairman of the I am proud to salute their achieve­ gion of the Slovak Catholic Federation press section of this Slovak world body. ment, and to share with you the honor of America, and editor of its official pub­ An active fraternalist, he has attended and pride the Wildcats have brought to lication Dobry Pastier-Good Shepherd. 118 natinonal conventions of various their school and to their community. He was born on September 5, 1902, on American Slovak fraternal organiza­ the north side of Pittsburgh, formerly tions. He organized the first Slovak Day known as Allegheny City, the birthplace at Fordham University, New York City of the National Slovak Society. He at­ on July 5, 1926 which was attended by CARTER IMMIGRATION POLICY: tended St. Gabriel's Slovak School on the 30,000 Slovaks. AMNESTY FOR THE BAD, DEPORT north side and studied journalism. As a A prolific writer, he has had over 300 THE GOOD youth he was employed by the American of his articles published in the CoNGRES­ Slovak Gazette-Amerikansko Slovenske SIONAL RECORD by various U.S. Senators HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK Noviny-the first Slovak newspaper in and Congressmen. He is publicity direc­ tor of the Slovak Heritage Festival of the OF OHIO America founded in Pittsburgh on Octo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ber 21, 1886, and in 1922 he became the State of New Jersey. The 1976 and 1977 assistant editor of Jednota, official publi­ festivals were held at the Garden State Monday, October 31, 1977 cation of the First Catholic Slovak Union Arts Center. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the of United States of America and Canada. In June of this year he attended the Justice Department is moving to deport From 1924 he served for 10 years as edi­ Cannonization ceremonies of St. John 142 Mennonite families from Texas. tor of Slovak V Amerike, g daily news­ Nepomucene Nuemann, fourth bishop of Mennonites have proven themselves paper published in New York City. He Philadelphia, and personally thanked the self-sufficient, good neighbors, and good later became editor of the official pub­ Holy Father for his papal honor. citizens in every part of the world. Mean­ lications of the Slovak Catholic Sokol, a He is married to the former Anna M. while, some 10,000 times that many aliens position which he continues to hold. Zuscin of New York City and resides in who sneaked across the border into the In 1926 he became secretary of the Passaic, N.J. He serves as a trustee of St. United States remain in this country, Slovak Newspapermen's Association, Mary's Slovak R.C. Church in Passaic. and President Carter has proposed im­ which represented all Slovak newspa­ Mr. Speaker, I appreciate this oppor­ mediate amnesty for a million of them. pers in the United States. His half cen­ tunity to call your attention to the life­ He has not been so generous with the tury of affiliation with this association time of good works of an outstanding in­ Mennonites. Following his lead, in a was crowned in 1973 when he became dividual and know you will want to join conihfnation of blatant laziness and president of this most distinguished or­ with me in extending our warmest greet­ simple immorality, the Justice Depart­ ganization of journalists. As an out­ ings and felicitations to John and his ment prefers picking on a few Men­ standing Slovak fraternalist since his good wife Anna on this most important nonites to the more difficult task of early childhood, he holds membership milestone of achievements in life's ful­ pursuing the millions who entered this in the Slovak Catholic Sokol, First Cath­ fillment and purpose. country surreptitiously. . olic Slovak Union, Pennsylvania Slovak It is truly a privilege and honor to seek Not one of the purposes for which our Catholic Union, First Slovak Wreath of this national recognition of John Sci­ immigration law was passed is served the Free Eagle, and the National Slovak ranka for his noteworthy contributions by this Justice Department action. Men­ Society. He has served as chairman of to the quality of life which have truly nonites will take no American jobs. On several of these organizations' national enriched the educational and cultural the contrary, with their work in produc­ conventions and has served as toast­ endowments of our community, State, ing exportable crops and their repeatedly master at many of their historic gather­ and Nation. We do indeed salute a good demonstrated self-sufficiency, they will ings. friend and great American, the Honor­ create new jobs for Americans. Unlike able John C. Sciranka. illegal aliens, who begin their residence Through his efforts in 1937 a monu­ in this country by breaking the law, Men­ ment was erected in Passaic, N.J., to Gen. nonites have shown themselves law abid­ Milan R. Stefanik, noted Slovak as­ ing citizens throughout the world. tronomer and cofounder of the first Re­ The Texas Mennonites have come in public of Czechoslovakia. In 1965 he SALUTE TO THE WEST GENESEE WILDCATS the best tradition of immigrants to this was instrumental in the naming of country : They want to till the soil and Sokol Square in Passaic to commem­ to enjoy religious and cultural liberty. It orate the 60th anniversary of the es.­ HON. WILLIAM F. WALSH is important to me that they feel that tablishment of the Slovak Catholic Sokol OF NEW YORK ours is still the best country in the world He is a member of the Catholic Press As~ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVEEJ to pursue those aims. It would be tragic sociation, the Passaic Historical Com­ Monday, October 31, 1977 indeed if our immigration policy had be­ ~ission, the Mark Twain Literary So­ come so warped that we would permit ciety, the American Catholic Historical Mr. WALSH. Mr. Speaker, just over opportunists to remain in this country Association, the U.S. Catholic Historical a year ago, the West Genesee High by the millions and take jobs from our October 31, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36145 citizens, but deport those who come "Madame Butterfly" at the Kennedy Center. What is the result of all this arts funding openly and for the highest purposes. Rudolf Serkin, the classical pianist, played at and arts growth? Wouldn't you know, the I have introduced a bill identical with Carter's first state dinner. True, Rosalynn arts need more money. "The arts need help," Carter is a Loretta Lynn lover, but one can Harold C. Schonberg advises in the New York that of Mr. EASTLAND'S Senate bill, which overlook that. The important thing is that Times. "Inflation is killing off arts organiza­ would permit the Texas Mennonites to when the U.S. Marine Orchestra played Eine tions left and right . ... It's a bad situation remain in this country. I ask my col­ kleine Nachtmusik the President's eyes and the government is eventually going to leagues to support this bill, not only for watered. hrwe to do something about it." Beverly Sills the sake of the Texas Mennonites, but Whereupon the cultural bureaucracy's says that there is a "money crisis" in the for the good of the American people as mouth watered. No doubt about it, more arts. In response, Rep. Frederick Richmond a whole. money would be fl.0wing to Washington out of New York, an arts activisit, is coming to of the pockets of that vast leisure-suited, the rescue with a bill, H.R. 1042. This is a beer-sipping, Dolly Parton-loving brigade proposal to establish an "income-tax check­ dimly perceived to be dwelling in remote off" on tax returns. A box on tax forms THE CULTURAL TITHE points south and west of the Potomac. Did would enable taxpayers to add to the taxes someone mention federal funding of the arts? they owe, or subtract from the amount the Washington is for it. government owes them, by a stated amount. HON. TOM HAGEDORN Don't forget Joan Mondale. She's pulling Thus the proposal is not quite the same as OF MINNESOTA for the arts. In no time at all, out went the the checkoff for Presidential campaigns, since IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Rockefellers' Max Ernst bed and in came it would add to government revenues-or Monday, October 31, 1977 Claes Oldenburg, Willem de Kooning, and perhaps it would only seem to. The plan Robert Motherwell. Joan Mondale predicts also allows for making all such contributions Mr. HAGEDORN. Mr. Speaker, one of that the Vice-President "will learn to relax deductible the following year. Richmond has the fastest growing of all Federal pro­ and enjoy just the colors and the shapes and already rallied about fifty Congressmen to grams is funding for the National En­ the forxns and not worry about the storytell­ his side as cosponsors. They are talking about ing content"-a "gigantic leap," she con­ a potential $1.7 billion annually for the arts dowment for the Arts. During fiscal year cedes. Joan has taken up for museums. "They if the bill is enacted. That would multiply 1971, after having been in existence for enrich the mind and challenge the imagina­ present appropriations for the arts by ten. more than 5 years, total outlays for the tion," she says. "They conserve knowledge The arts bureaucrats are enthusiastic. Endowment were slightly in excess of $15 and give pleasure." It may seem odd that Congressmen should million. In fiscal year 1978, it is estimated Nancy Hanks was thrilled. She is chairman be so eager to vote money for the arts-to en­ that this figure will approach $150 mil­ of the National Endowment for the Arts. sure, in effect, that a ticket to "Madame lion, while President Carter has pledged Her term of office expires this fall, and the Butterfly" will cost $10 instead of $15-given support for sharply increased funding in city is almost giddy with rumors of her suc­ the relatively tiny number of constituents future years. cessor. (Liv Biddle? Wes Uhlman? Michael that seek such entertainment. The explana­ Straight? Or a dark horse, such as Peggy tion is almost magically simple. Culture­ While it may be difficult for the "arts Cooper?) Some say Nancy Hanks wouldn't seekers may be few, but they are usually activists" in Washington to understand, mind staying on. She said of Joan Mondale rich and influential. They tend to be king­ one need not be an enemy of the theater the other day: "The lady is a wonderful one makers at election time. Even in rural areas, or the ballet to suggest that the Endow­ who means exactly what she says, and whose where there exists only a handful of those ment represents one of the most ques­ interest in encouraging and assisting the arts for whom evening entertainment consists of tionable and indefensible uses of tax­ is far deeper than that of a visitor." dressing up in the latest fashions in order Culture just keeps on exploding in Wash­ t~ see and be seen (with something ap­ payer moneys that has yet been found. propriately cultural onstage), the same rule As Tom Bethell, an editor of Washington ington. There is an "arts cluster" at work in the White House. There is a cultural enclave applies. It does the representatives in Wash­ Monthly, recently observed in Harper's- ington no harm at all to keep in the good at the State Department. Over at Commerce, graces of these people. Federal funding of the arts thus also in­ even, a special assistant to the Secretary for volves a subtle denigration of American cul­ Cultural Affairs has recently been appointed. In addition, as even the most superficial ture. What it really boils down to is an ap­ The Kennedy Center is well on the way to acquaintance with the Washington social peal to tax the mobs listening to country­ replacing Washington Cathedral as a center scene makes plain, it's nice for the Congress­ and-western, or rock, or soul, because we, the of devotion. The National Endowment for the men when they come here, too. If you go to wonderful ones, have something rather more Arts and Humanities has grown from a $5 the Kennedy Center at all frequently you will elevated on our minds that deserves your million enterprise to a $170 million bureauc­ soon lose track of the number of times you subsidy ... Such government programs racy in the past decade. And a new class of see Rep. John Brademas or Sen. Claiborne have very little to do with art, but a great lobbyist-the "arts activist"-is beginning to Pell in attendance. These are not merely deal to do with government trying to enlarge raise its voice. men-about-town but chairmen of the sub­ its scope and justify its existence. committees in the House and Senate that Statistics of "art growth" are lovingly cited handles arts authorization. The history of Federal involvement in by these activists: dance audiences up from 1 million to 15 mlllion; major symphony or­ One can't avoid noticing that the jour­ so many other spheres of private endeav­ nalists are ready to applaud every step of the our would also seem to place the arts chestras up from 50 to 110, with the audience for symphony performances now reaching 26 way when the topic is culture. Normally in community on-guard for the sort of million; museum attendance up to 50 million this city something that so much as sniffs subtle corruption of the spirit, the medi­ annually (at one point I saw the figure of ever so faintly of conflict of interest is enough ocrity, and the censorship that Federal 600 million museum visits cited, but the to cause inquiring journalistic nostrils to dollars will inevitably bring. One noted statistic quickly dropped from sight, no quiver with anticipation, but in the matter contemporary artist has observed: doubt in response to a cautionary memoran­ of the arts, journalists (many of whom are likely to be in attendance at the same per­ The State r.as a way of expanding its pa­ dum from on high: with that size audience, perhaps funding would seem superfluous?). formances) will only bark approval. David ternalism until it reaches the point of menac­ Broder, for example, noted in a 1973 column ing great artists for minor sins. Preachments on behalf of the arts have been similarly unrestrained. "I would suggest that the proposal to increase arts funding I would like to insert at this point the a $1 billion appropriation for the arts," Bev­ from $80 million to $145 million was a "fat entire article by Mr. Bethell. It is not erly sms has said. Had a member of the busi­ target for the know-nothings" in congress, simply the taxpayer who stands to suf­ ness community m·ade such an appeal for his one of whom inquired if there was "any fer from the National Endowment, but industry, the press would have howled in allowance for Buck Owens, Merle Haggard or protest over the conflict of interest. The re­ Grand Ole Opry." (You see the kind of coun­ ultimately the intended beneficiaries try we live in?) But that Congressman was themselves. sponse to Miss Sills was another round of the exception. Most behaved themselves and applause. did right by culture. Broder praised the The article follows: In addition, the rhetoric emanating from THE CULTURAL TITHE "towering Midwestern Congressman" Albert the arts bureaucracies is calculated to plant Quie, who said on the floor: "Our creative (By Tom Bedell) the idea that exposure to "culture" is noth­ artists have a vital role to play in helping to A new day is dawning in the arts. The New ing less than a right, the exercise of which show mankind the way to oneness, brother­ York Times Arts and Leisure section seems to has been largely thwarted in the past by a hood, and peace." Clap clap clap clap clap ... be in no doubt about the matter. There is a government callously indifferent to the wel­ Well, you may ask, what's wrong with "cultural renaissance" in the White House. f$\re of the people. This is the rhetoric of government funding of the arts? Hasn't it al­ Gone are the Patton movies and the days outreach, vital, valid, resource, priority, and ways been with us? Look at Cosima de' when Bob Haldeman did the booking (Merle update so familiar to perusers of cultural Medici, the Margrave of Brandenburg, the Haggard, Zsa Zsa Gabor). "It really wasn't brochures-those dreary phrases of exhorta­ Archduke Rudolf. The problem here is that really flashy," recalled one frustrated cul­ tion that are surely intended to inculcate the relationship of these arts patrons to the tureperson. Now comes President Carter, who guilt; we must implement input and impact artists they employed was entirely different unexpectedly one day took his family to hear youth and enrich quality of life. from the relationship between the govern- 36146 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3'1, 1977 ment and the artist today, so different as to it was not for them. They got the message KING COAL make nonsense of the comparison. The Euro­ (keep out). pean noblemen hired artists and composers At that point a wonderful and unexpected much as they would hire servants-a point thing happened. The Muses, so slighted in HON. TIM LEE CARTER that today's arist (who in many cases is apt Europe, jumped across the Atlantic and took OF KENTUCKY to regard himself as suspended somewhere up residence in the lowliest American quar­ between God and man) is not likely to relish. ters: the redlight district of New Orleans, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The eighteenth-century artist attached to the swinging-door saloons of Sedalia, Mis­ Monday, October 31, 1977 souri, and tenant shacks in the Mississippi a court was a relatively respected member of Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, I am the household, even if he was expected to use Delta. American culture was born at that the tradesmen's entrance. He was expected moment-and its birth occurred with ex­ deeply concerned about the Nation's to produce specific works for specific occa­ traordinary speed. And from that moment energy problems. Like most Members sions-and he was expected to please (as on European culture was essentially dead, of the House I have been involved with Medici artists often wisely thought to in­ in the sense that the only thing left to do the formulation of the energy legisla­ clude a Medici or two devoutly praying in the with it was preserve it in the formaldehyde tion, the National Energy Act, that is corner of a painting). By contrast, today's of museums and concert halls. now in conference between the House grantee artist, the beneficiary of government American culture never did seem particu­ and Senate. We have all worked our will largesse, is not beholden to anyone, function­ larly "serious" or weighty precisely because ing almost entirely without oversight. He is it was so popular, but its great strength and on this very important legislation with a "free spirit," he will let you know, given radiance soon became apparent nonetheless, the greatest concern and attention to to mocking contemporary mores-to biting by the swiftness with which it reverberated the energy needs of the people that we the hand that feeds him. around the world. "Culture" now really did represent. Although I did not disagree What we have today is not hiring but become something that it had never been in with the many tax provisions of the funding. Any suggestion that this implies Europe-something that everybody could legislation and provisions that called for control (as it certainly did in earlier times) enjoy (as long as you didn't mind being in­ drastic price increases, I did whole­ is vigorously refuted both by funders and cluded in such a large audience-a big "if," heartedly agree with the energy projec­ artists. In any event, the mechanism of the admittedly). Another wonderful feature of intervening bureaucracy today is enough to the American development was that "cul­ tions that call for a greater reliance on ensure that there is no such control or pa­ ture" and "art" ostensibly never had any­ the use of other more abundant energy tronage in the historic sense. And as arts thing to do with it. If you had talked to the resources such as "King Coal." appropriations increase, this is becoming early exponents of jazz, ragtime, the blues­ Coal is the most abundant energy more and more true. The principal philo­ movies, even-about the "art form" or resource that the world has, besides of sophical debate raging in arts funding circles theories of art, they would not have had the course, the Sun. Many geologists predict today concerns what one might call the Elite slightest idea what you were talking about. that there may be over 400 years of versus the Grass Roots. As Congressional ap­ They would have been genuinely puzzled. propriations increase, so does the inclination They thought of themselves as entertainers coal to burn obtainable in the Earth. of the Congressman to see that a just portion making a living, as artisans rather than However, Mr. Speaker, we must find bet­ of the money is spent in his state. This in artists. ter ways of using this vast energy turn has led to the establishment of state Unfortunately, however, this notion of cul­ resource. arts councils, which soon find themselves ture as something that everyone could en­ Over the past few weeks I have been under political pressure to distribute the joy-and therefore as something that needed inserting in the RECORD information con­ money to individuals at the grass roots level. no government funding because it was so cerning new processes that are being The result is that an increasing percent­ popular-never did appeal particularly to used to utilize coal. Today, I am insert­ age of government arts money is being drib­ those who (as in Europe) saw in art an op­ ing in the RECORD information about a bled away on mime troupes, street theater, portunity to stake out a claim to superior supergraphics on the sides of buildings, and sensibility. And that, I fear, is the unstated new process of using coal known as the hand presses that print up slim volumes of intention behind federal funding of the arts. Cotten Fuel Process or "burning water­ homemade poetry (on the best possible pa­ It is a fairly blatant attempt to restore (or in-oil emulsion containing pulverized per). The National Endowment for the Arts at least preserve) European conceptions of coal process." The Cotten Fuel Process has only the vaguest idea where the money culture that are either obsolete (in the sense is the production of a fuel emulsion re­ (currently about 25 percent of the total fed­ that you can listen to Beethoven quite com­ sulting from the ultrasonic agitation of eral arts budget) ends up once it has given fortably at home nowadays-some would say a mixture of approximately 50 percent the statutory lump sum to each state arts more comfortably-without having to join coal, 30 percent oil, and 20 percent water. council. the Kennedy Center crowd) or else frankly elitist. It utilizes coal in a highly efficient man­ This satisfies the politicians, but not those ner; it can be used in a conventional in the Elite arts camp (Michael Straight, Federal funding of the arts thus also in­ deputy chairman of the NEA, is an example) . volves a subtle denigration of American cul­ oil burning furnace without modifica­ The Elite argues that if you are going to give ture. What it really boils down to is an ap­ tioo, and the process of production of money to the arts, you might as well give it peal to tax the mobs listening to country­ the fuel consumes very low amounts of out in lump sums to established institutions and-western, or rock, or soul, because we, the energy. like the Metropolitan Opera or the big mu­ wonderful ones, have something rather more I am pleased to insert into the RECORD seums. Given the alternative-which appears elevated on our minds that deserves your for your attention, a report by Mr. W. to be in large measure the government spon­ subsidy. David Shearer, Jr., president of Cotten sorship of whimsy, fashionable protest, and The Congressman who asked about fund­ Liquid Energy, Inc. The report follows: pure self-indulgence-the Elite has a point. ing Buck Owens too wasn't a know-nothing. He was right. I know there is an attempt un­ CONCEPT DEsCRIPTION But once that point is conceded, one faces a der way in the arts bureaucracies these days The concept of Cattell Liquid Energy, Inc., far more serious problem-one that, oddly to portray American culture as something is aimed at the commercial production of a enough, never seems to be brought up at all that might have been truly brilliant had fuel emulsion resulting from the ultrasonic in discussions of government and the arts. there not been so much wastage of talent­ or sonic agitation of a mixture of approxi­ Funding elite cultural institutions runs had the National Endowment only come into mately 50% coal, 30% oil, and 20% water directly counter to the great American con­ being sixty or seventy years earlier than it (percentages determined by weight and not tribution to culture, the expansion of its did. But don't talk to me about Outreach or by volume). The product has been success­ audiences. In nineteenth-century Europe, as Expansion Arts or Ethno- this or that, or fully produced on a modest scale at a Pilot the bOurgeoisie was enlarged through educa­ about "enrichment" or "resources" or educa­ Plant, located in Shelbyville, Kentucky, and tion, industrialization, and the growth of cit­ tion programs in the schools, or about jazz burned in standard oil burning equipment at ies, and more and more of the former peas­ pianist Billy Taylor teaching grantsmanship the Ohio Valley Aluminum Corporation with acceptable results util1zing a standard Mon­ ants began wending their way into the con­ on behalf of the National Endowment in· arch No. 6 fuel oil burner tip available on cert halls and museums, there seems to have stead of piano. Scott Joplin, King Oliver, site with no further retrofit of the Ohio Val­ been a deliberate (or was it subconscious?) Louis Armstrong, all the great figures o1 ley furnaces. attempt by artists to resist this democratiza­ American art were not reached by, nor had Three basic properties make immediate tion. And the artists, in turn, were greatly they heard of, nor did they need, any such commercial development a necessity. It util­ encouraged by those critics and arbiters of programs. Such government programs have izes coal in a highly efficient burn. It can be taste who were eager to stay knowledgeably very little to do with art, but a great deal to used in conventional oil burning furnaces ahead of the pack. Art became ugly, esoteric, do with government trying to enlarge its without modification, and the process of pro­ and frankly experimental. The masses saw scope and justify its existence. duction for the fuel consumes very low October 31, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36147 amounts of energy. These features make it is accomplished because of the fact that what ing the officers of Cotten Liquid Energy, not only an answer to the United States is termed supernatant liquid such an un­ Inc. energy self-sufficiency plan but is substan­ emulsified oil and water during the process MARKETING PLAN tial boost to the economy of coal produc­ will rise to the top of a storage tank and/or tion areas. a holding tank in the final stages of produc­ As per present corporate policy, Cotten While several processes currently in the tion, due to the relative densities t>f the com­ Liquid Energy, Inc., is considering three al­ Pilot Plant stage or the liquefaction and ponents. This supernatant oil and water will ternatives in the marketing of Cotten Fuel. gasification of coal to produce clean burn­ then be taken from the top of the storage They are as follows: ing, useful fuels, the processes generally re­ and/ or holding facility leaving only emulsi­ The construction of a 500 ton per day quire excessive amounts of energy to change fied product fOr storage and/or shipment. production fa.cllity manufacturing Cotten the form of the coal. They rapidly deplete The relative density of the components in­ Fuel for distribution by truck, rail, or barge the resources we must conserve, and often deed makes it a simple task to separate most to identified users. Prospective users with discharge by-products which are harmful to oil and water from the emulsified mixture whom fuel utilization has been discussed the environment. The patented Cotten Fuel by simple gravity overflow or other knt>wn include, but are not limited to, the folfowlng: Process does not involve any of the adverse techniques. The supernatant fiuids wlll then (a.) Detroit Steel, New Boston, Ohio. features now seen in existing liquefaction be recycled through the process and will not (b) Detroit Steel, Mansfield, Ohio. and gasification programs. The process util­ be discarded. izes the theory of exploding water droplets Factors to be considered in determining (c) Allled Chemical, South Point, Ohio. within coal and oil to facilitate a complete a location fur commercial facilities would in­ (d) Detroit Edison, Detroit, Michigan. burn of an emulsion which can be created clude, but not necessarily be limited to, 2. Another possibility for marketing Cot­ by the said sonic agitation. Since no change available transportation (truck, rail, and tell Fuel most recently considered, calls for is made in the basic structure of the ingredi­ barge), qualified personnel, feed stock avail­ the design and development of skid-mounted ents, except for coal pulverization, the ability, and fuel consumers. Several sites production units including grinding, mixing, amounts of energy required in the process is possessing such quallties have been identified sonic reactor system, and pumping equip­ relatively insignificant. The nature of the by Cotten Liquid Energy, Inc., and are un­ ment, custom scaled for dedicated plant fuel burn is self-sustained and requires no spe­ der consideratit>n as plant sites. production, i.e., for corporations such as cial energy consuming equipment. The burn PILOT PLANT OPERATION Detroit Steel, Detroit Edison, and others who not only creates highly efficient radiant heat Since October of 1976, Cotten Liquid En­ might ha.ve on site, a production unit capa­ but also exhibits a well defined and desirable ergy, Inc., has operated a Pilot Plant facility ble of processing all emulsified coal, oil, a.nd fiame characteristic. for use in developing the Cotten Process, at water necessary for the operation of the Four aspects of Plant facilities need some the Ohio Valley Aluminum Company in manufacturing facllity. This would tnvolve explanation and discussion. The most expen­ Shelbyv111e, Kentucky. Frt>m rather crude be­ the placement, on site, of all necessary hard­ sive part of the plant in both dollar cost and ginnings, the Plant has evolved in terms of ware in exchange for sale-lease back ar­ space requirements will be the equipment rangement and a. per gallon or per tonnage both hardware and the systems approach royalty on fuel processed. used to reduce the coal to a size required to applied to the process for the past year. enter the mixing stages. "Coal fines" or Modifications and improvements to the sys­ 3. Finally, there exists the prospect for 0 " x %" coal will be processed through a tem have been brought a.bt>ut by utilizing the the sublicensing of interested parties, au­ ratio type grinder, such as a hammer mill or a technical services available from the. em­ thorizing them to practice the process pat­ roller mill to reduce the coal size to approxi­ ployees of CLE and from outside engineer­ ent in territories throughout the United mately 90% passing 200 mesh and 100% pass­ ing help from such groups as Mason Hanger States; e.g., Corporation "X" might be ing 50 mesh. The possible use of a combina­ Silas Mason Company, Incorpt>rated, of Lex­ granted the sublicense for a territory such tion hammer or roller or rod mill and a re­ ington, Kentucky, and The Modulus of Jef­ as, Indiana or a portion of the state, and classifier as a system for processing 0" x 2" ferson ville, Indiana. such territory would be under their ex­ coal is a reasonable alternative. Much infor­ The Plant is now capable of producing clusive control as far as the rights to produce mation is available for the handling of the fuel on a regular basis and such fuel proves Cotten Liquid Fuel in said territory were pulverized coal particles, even though this very satisfacrory for use in commercial burn­ concerned. phase may create some safety problems due ing application. The fuel has regularly been At the present time, near-term plans in­ to the explosive nature of finely powdered burned in furnaces 1-A and 5 of the Ohio dicate that the corporation will be construct­ co:11. However, the pulverized coal is handled Valley Aluminum Company. These are stand­ ing, In the very near future, a 500 ton per typically in a wet state which would indeed ard commercial furnaces used to melt down day plant producing fuel for distribution as eliminate most of the hazard. aluminum scrap. Burning is accomplished outlined in Point 1 above. To that end, cor­ Introduction of the oil and water into by means of a. Monarch No. 6 fuel oil tip, porate officials have been in contact with the system requires only the storage and with combustion air of approximately 40 prospective users and ha.ve found that in­ measurement handling system. The water PSI, the fuel under air pressure at approxi­ deed, there is a. need particularly in the up­ storage would be typically in the coal; i.e., mately 120 PSI, and air for fuel atomiza­ coming winter months for the availability coal typically contains from 5 to 15 % mois­ tion of approximately 90 PSI. Fuel is taken of an economical substitute for a. No. 6 fuel ture. Should the plant be located where pub­ to furnaces in barrels and is extracted from oil. Prospective customers have outlined that lic utility water was available, there would said barrels by means of a simple centrifugal during this pa.st winter their fuel alloca­ be no storage problem and an electronic pump. There is nothing elaborate nor ct>m­ tions particularly for gas and No. 6 e>ll will weighgate could be used to control the fit>w plicated in utilizing the Cotten Fuel in a curtail to the point that in many cases of daily consumption. The super heating of commercial furnace and, in fact, any fur­ plant shutdowns were required. the water during the combustion stage of nace equipped for No. 6 fuel oil combustion The next level of marketing expa.nston of the fuel handling is a function t>f its purity will require little, if any, retrofitting modifi­ and will indeed affect the energy required Cotten Fuel will follow Points 2 and 3 above. catit>n. During recent months, Plan~ em­ This will include in the very near future to vaporize the water. Therefore, some care ployees have begun a systematic process of should be taken to see that the water utilized discussions with appropriate suppliers and increasing production rates and quality of manufacturers relative to the prospect of in the process does not contain great fuel produced, as well as steps to improve the amounts t>f impurities. Oil storage must be burning characteristics and the efficiency of manufacturing skid-mounted units for pro­ ascertained with an eye to availability of a the fuel in the Ohio Valley furnaces. During ducing Cotten Fuel. Such hardware would constant imput of either No. 2, No. 4, or No. this time frame, sophisticated pressure reg­ then be distributed ot the prospective pro­ 6 fuel oils. Basic estimates for handling of ulators were added to enhance production ducer/users a.nd further Is a considered pos­ these ct>::nponents would include pumps, and screening devices were installed to elim­ sibility In terms of relating to sublicensees. pipes, and weighgates. inate passage of coal particles of a size ca­ This is not to say, however, that sublicensees The resultant product is what may be pable of blocking any burner apparatus. It will be required to obtain hardware through termed as stable emulsion, in that it is not is assumed that such a practice will be re­ Cotten Liquid Energy, Inc. However, If such an emulsion in the purest sense of the word quired in the commercial production of the hardware were readily available and reason­ it is a complete suspension of coal particles fuel on a large scale basis. ably priced and further such hardware was in an emulsion of t>il and water which will The production and the burning of the made available to the licensed corporation remain in its emulsified state over extended fuel has been observed by several distin­ or a subsidiary thereof, the sublicensee might periods of time and even when exposed to guished visitors, including Al Warden, as­ indeed find it advantageous. It is further temperature ranges normally considered tronaut Apollo 15, NASA, representatives of not the intention fo Cotten Liquid Energy, standard for industrial application. During Otiavoni Technical Services, representatives Inc., to evolve into the business of selling the productit>n stages of the fuel, it will be of Detroit Edison, representatives of Detroit hardware. We ha.ve an exclusive national standard practice to regularly add oil and Steel, representatives of Huntington Alloid, license to practice the patent; and It Is water in somewhat excessive proportions. representatives of Wilson Engineering Com­ our opinion that it is through producing This will allow for a thorough mix and in- pany, and various other individual observers. and possibly sublicensing others to produce sure that the desired ratio is achieved. This Site visitation may be arranged by contact- that the real profits will lie. 36148 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 31, 1977 INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS As the author of this legislation, I But those days are gone forever now, be­ NEEDED TO COVER ACTIVITIES OF would like to point out that I consider cause in 1968 Charlie Halleck, Mr. Republi­ this a discussion draft which we may be can, retired and returned to the modest MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES home in Rensselaer with the American flag able to improve on. I welcome and wou~d and the small stone GOP elephant on the appreciate any constructive suggestions front porch. HON. SAM GIBBONS which might make the bill more work­ For several years, the phones never stopped OF FLORIDA able. ringing and the mail was delivered in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Finally, I want to emphasize what I bundles to his home and law office across the street from Jasper County Courthouse. Monday, October 31, 1977 believe to be the importance and urgency of this undertaking. But slowly, bit by bit, little by little, the Mr. GIBBONS. Mr. Speaker, today I mail dropped off and the phone rang less Our economy and other economies of and less. Now, there is almost no mail and am introducing legislation which I hope the world are in something of a fragile will give us some badly needed impetus the phone almost never rings. state at this point, and we are long over­ Charlie Halleck, at 77, says he is a real toward early approval of comprehensive due in making progress toward the lonesome man , international tax, trade, and other agree­ framework of law and responsibility for "It all changed when Mommy died," the ments relating to the operations of multinationals and governments which proud old statesman says. "Mommy" was his multinational enterprises. I believe we must have. wife, Blanche, who suffered a fatal heart I am doing this because I believe that attack in 1973 and toppled into the Madison we are long overdue in dealing with Without such a framework, I fear the River in Montana while trout fishing with the implications of the internationaliza­ respect may be one of only inadequate Charlie. tion of business and commerce. and injurious dealings of one state with "I can't help looking back on losing Mom­ another-and even the possible elimi­ my out there. That awful time in Montana." This country has tried to accomplish Talkmg about his wife still makes him cry. some of the goals outlined in my legisla­ nation of private enterprises in multina­ tional undertakings. Charlie Halleck had always had three great tion through such things as negotiations lovf-ls in his life: Mommy and the family, on tax treaties or even unilaterall·egisla­ politics and government, and hunting and tive action. However, not much has been HALLECK RECALLS PRERETIRE­ fishing. accomplished. Further, unilateral action MENT DAYS Politicians being the kind of people they is not sufficient in the case of companies are, they don't call on Mr. Republican much anymore. He holds no power and exerts no which operate across national boun­ influence; he's been away from it ·a long time. daries. HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. His two children, Charlie and Patricia, live My legislation proposes that the Con­ OF INDIANA in other parts of the country. gress take a critical look at the need for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES That leaves hunting and fishing, but Char­ a framework of law to govern the inter­ Monday, October 31, 1977 lie's got arthritis in the knees and that lim­ national activities of multinational en­ its his walking and that limits his outdoor terprises, as well as the actions of gov­ Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ activities. ernments toward those enterprises. It ing article describes the Honorable "It gets tough sometimes. I had a world Charles Halleck as a kind man. I can of friends, but they've all been dying off on authorizes and directs the President to me. I know I'm a has-been. My race has begin negotiations with other countries testify to that fact. Many the time dur­ been run, I know that, but I try to keep on international agreements which ing my first term in the Congress when active. would establish that framework of law. Mr. Halleck took me aside and gave me "I still get up early, read the papers and Because I believe that we have delayed excellent and nonpartisan advice. He since Mommy died I've become an expert far too long in moving in this area, I am cared about his party when he served with the washer and dryer," Charlie says. proposing a timetable of target dates by in the Congress, but he cared about He still does a little hunting and fishing which I would hope that the President people very much more. And I am sure and a couple of weeks ago returned from a will be able to conclude satisfactory in­ that an awful lot of people in and out trip to Wyoming, where he bagged an ante­ ternational agreements on multinational of the Congress · now care very much lope. corporations with the European Com­ about Charlie Halleck. "Most of my old hunting and fishing pals [From the Indianapolis Star, Oct. 30, 1977] and great friends have died though," he ex­ munity and with the other nations of plains without a trace of self-pity. He just the world. HALLECK RECALLS PRE-RETIREMENT DAYS recognizes the way things are and sees no I have proposed that we begin serious (By Bill Shaw) reason to try to hide it. work on this effort first with the Euro­ R'ENSSELAER, INo.-There was a time when Charlie Halleck is a walking, talking his­ pean Community for several reasons. Charlie Halleck had it all. tory book. But he's also a gentleman from First, the principles of my legisla­ He represented Indiana's Second Congres­ the old school of poll tics in which people tion have evolved largely from discus­ sional District in the House of Representa­ don't tell on their friends. sions on multinationals with members of tives for 34 unbroken years. During that time "I could write a book that would be on the the European Parliament which I and he became one of the most powerful and in­ top of' the bestseller list, but if I told the other Congressmen have been involved fluential men in government. truth I'd have to hurt the hell out of some in since 1973. He served as House minority leader for people and I won't do that and probably never will," he says. Second, I believe that the prospects for three terms and, when the Republicans took over the House, rose to the top post of ma­ He refuses to speak ill of anyone, even early agreements with the European jority leader for two terms. Richard Nixon, whom he went to bat for Community on issues relating to multi­ During the Eisenhower years his power and many times on behalf of Eisenhower. national enterprises are relatively good. prestige were virtually unchallenged, and he "It was terrible," is all he will say about As an indication of the European Com­ was one of those men whose decisions helped the mess Mr. Nixon got himself into. He pre­ munity's interest in this, the European shape the course of history. He was Ike's fers to say good things about people. Parliament in April approved a resolu­ trusted friend and closest Congressional con­ Lyndon Johnson was one of the best friends tion calling for their Council and Com­ fidant. Charlie Halleck ever had, Eisenhower was mission to begin negotiations toward Democrat Lyndon Johnson, another close the finest President, John Kennedy possessed legally binding international agree­ friend, even credited Charlie Halleck with great integrity, Nixon did well in some areas lining up the necessary Republican votes in and Gerald Ford, well, he tried real hard, ments to cover the activities of multina­ Congress to pass the historic 1964 Civil Halleck says with a slight grin. tionals. The Parliament directed that the Rights Act, which forever changed the social And Halleck says he is pulling real hard basis for these negotiations was to be the climate in this country. for Jimmy Carter. "Draft Code of Principles on Multina- · He could make or break politicians. One "He's learning, he's like a lot of these tiona! Enterprises and Governments" of those he helped make was Richard M. young guys who get elected and come in which Mr. Erwin Lange of the European Nixon. Halleck was instrumental in Nixon's to change the government, the country and Parliament and I have co-authored. This first political victory in California. And it the world in a couple of days, but it can't draft code also serves as the basis for the was Charlie Halleck who raised the money be done overnight," the veteran politician legislation I am introducing today. Richard Nixon used to buy television time says. for the famous "Checkers Speech" which He still enjoys watching politics, but must Third, a big share of the activities of salvaged his political career. be prodded into talking at any length about multinational enterprises takes place There was much more, of course, for the it. Because he is a humble man and because within the borders of the European Com­ man who made it to the cover of Time maga­ he has told the stories so many times, he munity. zine in 1959. would rather talk of other things. October 31, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36149 He delights in taking visitors on tour of increase in Social Security taxes and is ener­ BELLA ABZUG: DEMAGOG AT Jasper County, the place where he was born, getically campaigning for a system where and where his parents were born and buried workers and employers contribute one-third PUBLIC EXPENSE and where his wife is now buried. each with the federal government picking up He drives his big, gleaming black Cadillac the balance from a general revenue fund. with great care, moving slowly over the Burke, chairman of the House subcommit­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK country roads, bumping along and pointing tee on Social Security, said yesterday he feels 9F OHIO out landmarks along the way. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "We used to have great barbeque picnics the new tax faces a short life and will hope­ right over there in that grove of oak trees," fully be restructured. Monday, October 31, 1977 he said pointing to a thicket. Mommy and He said he voted for the new taxes reluc­ I used to invite everyone out here and we'd tantly because of the importance of guaran­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, as sing songs and eat and have a great time. teeing checks of beneficiaries and workers. absurd as it may seem, Bella Abzug has "And over there is the country club, my But he has already started a campaign aimed been appointed the voice of American Daddy founded it in 1924 and I helped clear at restructuring the SS financing system next womanhood. By whom? By the U.S. Gov­ the land." He eats most of his meals at the year. His plan would lower the rate to 3.9 ernment. Or should I more precisely say Curtis Creek Country Club these days. percent tax on full earnings. by President Carter. As presiding officer And then he drives by his beloved St. of the first federally funded convention Joseph College and the Charles A. Halleck "I want the traditional 50-50 sharing of Student Union Building. the tax by workers and employers changed to to promote women's equality, costing tax­ When they laid the cornerstone of the a formula used in other free nations of the payers $5 million, she dismissed all op­ building in 1962, 50,000 people came to honor world," Burke said. position to ERA, abortion, and lesbian lib Charlie, including the President of the Under the bill passed by the House, the as "attempts by the ultra right, like the United States, Dwight Eisenhower. present 5.85 percent tax on employees and Ku Klux Klan, who still want to keep "It was just about my finest day," he says employers is due to be hiked to 6.05 percent their women home washing the sheets." of that tribute. "Mommy cried. She's buried on the first $19,900 of earnings in 1978 and Using her federally provided podium right over there," he says, passing the cem­ etery. go up in succeeding years until it reaches Abzug said: Back in his law office, which he hardly 6.55 percent on the first $30,000 in 1982. This · The KKK, the John Birch Society, the ever visits, are a few pictures of the great year's maximum taxable earnings base is Mormon Church and the Right to Life anti­ men he has known, but not as many as $16,500. abortion group were among the groups "at­ you would expect. Rep. Burke said once the Carter adminis­ tempting to subvert the conference." (Wash­ There is his favorite picture, a tattered tration and members of Congress realize what ington Post, Oct. 27). black and white of his wife, which sits right the problems are, they will see that when I am sure that members of the Church on his desk, not like an ornament but more more than half the workers in the U.S. pay like a shrine. of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are And on the wall is a picture of Halleck m ore into Social Security than income tax, happy to see our Government paying to striding down Pennsylvania Avenue with the "It will have to be restructured and high have them lumped in with the Ku Klux great men of the House and Senate on that wage earners will have to pay their share." Klan. This flim-flam fools no one. The dark November day in 1963 when John He said his amendment to change the Klan has no credibility let alone any in­ Kennedy was buried.-"A very sad day," he formula was voted down by the Rules Comm., fluence in any political circle. says. 19 to 13, but he is picking up additional spon­ Abzug also gives the Klan image to These days, Charlie Halleck is getting ready sors to augment the 150 votes he had for to make his annual trip to Lake Wales, Fla., th·e proposed legislation last year. those who oppose abortion on demand. where he has rented a small home in the Here we see the spectacle of the entire citrus groves for years and where he goes to He said he will refile his bill, which calls hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church escape the Northern Indiana winters. for cutting taxes on everyone earning under and a majority of Protestants being He would like to leave now but hates to $35,000-workers and employers alike-and lumped in with the Klan from a federally miss the annual Indiana Scciety Dinner in re:iuce the tax to 3.9 percent, "sorely needed Chicago in early December. especially here in the Northeast where many financed platform, without a word of pro­ "They still remember me and invite me manufacturing jobs have been lost." test from the Carter administration. every year, it's kind of an ego-trip. They let "I think it is grossly unfair that a person But it is not the Klan that really up­ me sit at the head table," says the man who sets the radical feminists. What Mrs. once told presidents to come and see him. making $100,000 a year pays only a one per­ cent tax on Social Security while the $10,000 Abzug is upset about is that voters of category earner pays a six percent tax," Rep. both sexes have rejected the perversion Burke said. of the women's movement which she rep­ THREE-WAY SOCIAL SECURITY TAX resents. Not a single State has ratified PROPOSAL BY CONGRESSMAN "We have to shift the burden from the the proposed Equal Rights Amendment JAMES A. BURKE lower and middle income worker," he said, recalling that a few years ago he first pro­ since the issue was forecefully brought posed that the t3.x rate be reduced to 3.9 per­ to public attention. The professional HON. JAMES A. BURKE cent and that general revenue provide one­ radicals had ERA sailing along freely un­ third of the financing. At that time, he said, til a grassroots movement stopped the OF MASSACHUSETTS leftist steamroller in its tracks. Mrs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES he advocated a maximum taxable earnings base of $25,000. Abzug blames this fact on an "ultra Monday, October 31, 1977 He said the late Senator Robert F. Ken­ right" conspiracy. The fact is that the Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. nedy first proposed the formula change under 5 million Federal dollars spent on Abzug's Speaker, I would like to bring to the at­ which 3.9 percent on full earnings of em­ 4-day convention represent far more tention of this body an article which ap­ ployees is matched by their employers. than the entire anti-ERA movement has peared in the Boston Herald American, Under Burke's proposed tax rate reduc­ expended since its inception. Nothing has Saturday, October 29, authored by Mr. tion, a person earning $15,000 a year would exposed more nakedly the utter fraud of Wendell Coltin. This gentleman is a rec­ pay $615 and so would his employer. "We can the "women's movement" claim to rep­ ognized authority on social security. His build up a $180 billion fund in 10 years and it resent women's opinions in this country Social Security Mailbox column appears would earn approximately $14 billion a year than the sudden stopping of the ERA daily in the Boston Herald American and in interest," he said. · steamroller. Sunday in the Boston Herald Advertiser. Mr. Speaker, the article which I have Another Abzug steamroller which has Over the years, Mr. Coltin has done an been stopped by public opinion is gay lib. inserted is, as I have stated, written by ·when what Abzug calls ''lesbian rights" expert job of reporting on affairs con­ Mr. Coltin who is considered an expert cerning the elderly. Thousands of older are actually brought to a vote, her pre­ citizens gain real benefit from the serv­ concerning our older citizens. There is in tensions to representing the popular will ices provided by his column. this article a statement saying that my once again get smacked down solidly. [From the Boston Herald American, amendment relating to the three-way This is what Abzug is upset about. Like Oct. 29, 1977] social security tax voted down in the all demagogs, Bella Abzug is an au­ BURKE PROPOSAL: THREE-WAY SOCIAL Rules Committee by a 19-to-13 vote, thoritarian using the rhetoric of democ­ SECURITY TAX where in fact it was voted down in the racy. (By Wendell Coltin) Ways and Means Committee by that This totalitarian mentality is typical of Congressman James A. Burke (D) of Mil­ figure. I wish the RECORD to show this those who have taken over the so-called ton is not happy with the House-approved misstatement in his article. women's movement. A special report of 36150 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 31, 1977 the National Women's Political Caucus Congress is considering two pieces of be an item of high priority, deserving directs its operatives to "Never give your users tax legislation. The Domenici pro­ of special congressional attention. The enemy an even break." Certainly Mrs. proposal would implement the equivalent retired people of this country have de­ Abzug's labeling of her opponents as Ku of the 42-cent per gallon fuel tax pro­ voted most of their adult lives to working Kluxers follows this party line perfectly. posed by the U.S. Department of Trans- at their vocations, building a strong American women might well -wonder portation. This tax could cost the Pitts­ economy for America, and supporting why the likes of Bella Abzug are installed burgh area indusry and consumers a through their taxes and social security in these high positions to speak for them. minimum of $29 million per year accord­ payments, the vast programs of the Fed­ Ask Jimmy Carter. Most women do not ing to the study. The second bill, H.R. eral Government. After they retire from consider abortion, lesbianism, pot, Fed- 8309, recently passed by the House, calls the work force they become the recipi­ eral child rearing, and her other "lead- for a 4-cent per gallon tax in 1979 with ents of assistance from some of these ing" issues as their issues. The not-so- an increase to 6 cents per gallon in 1981. programs, the most common one being feminist loud mouths speak for them- I would like to bring to the attention medicare. Mr. Speaker, I believe our selves, not for American women. Leaders of my colleagues some remarks of Justin senior citizens are entitled to a retire­ like Phyllis Schlafty come much closer Horan, president of the Greater Pitts­ ment life of peace and dignity, free of than any of the politically annointed burgh Chamber of Commerce, concern­ fear and unnecessary institutionaliza­ feminists who get the top posts. ing the waterway users tax and the tion or hospital confinement. I have been Besides Federal money and prestige, study results. aware for some years now that certain Abzug's army has other advantages to WATERWAY usERs TAX medicare restrictions on the coverage of compensate for their lack of popular sup- Justin Horan, president of the cham- occupational therapy services are pre­ port. Her huge group of lesbian-admirers ber, stated that study results clearly venting many of our elderly or disabled do not have to concentrate on raising show that Pittsburgh waterways are used citizens from receiving the treatment families, and can direct their frustrated more intensively than any other area of they need to maintain their independ­ energy into political activism. As a result, the Nation. ence and avoid being institutionalized. a movement which claims to represent Horan said: Occupational therapists are health women is being converted into a front for we carry 12.3 percent of the total tonnage professionals who specialize in increasing lesbian militancy. In her harangues, carried on u.s. waterways, and we perform or maintaining the independence and Abzug constantly insists that lesbian lib that service on only 1.3 percent of the na.vi­ productivity of the aged and the physi­ is indispensible to all women's rights. gable river miles. Without doubt, we a.re the cally or mentally disabled. They provide According to Abzug, lesbians are an im- busiest inland port in America. services to these individuals when their portant and legitimate part···- of the · Horan says that, due to heavy concen­ ability to cope with the tasks of daily "women's movement." But normal women tration of tonnage carried on a relatively living are threatened or impaired by who do not want their children taught by short waterway system, any inequitable heart attacks, strokes, diabetes, serious lesbians in schools are not part of the tax will impose an acute economic hard­ bums, spinal cord injury, or emotional movement. Devout Catholic women are ship on the Pittsburgh district. illness. not. Conservative women are not. Mor- He stated that the proportion of ton­ Under the present medicare law, these mon women are certainly not. With Bella nage carried and the miles of river util­ services are covered when provided to Abzug as its spokeswoman, the "women's ized places Pittsburgh at a distinct dis­ inpatients in hospitals and skilled nurs­ movement" has been perverted into a advantage. Under the proposed Senate ing facilities, outpatients in clinics at­ coalition of radical minorities. It is an version of the tax, revenues generated by tached to approved hospitals, and recip­ outrage to see that perversion presented the Pittsburgh district would be more ients of home health care if they also re­ with Federal sponsorship as the point of than 50 percent greater than the amount quire either intermittent skilled nursing view of American womanhood. spent to maintain and operate the dis- or physical or speech therapy. I am Oh yes, while she is throwing around trict's system: pleased to introduce today, with many of labels she should be careful. Her associa- At a. time when the steel industry is facing my colleagues as cosponsors, a bill which tion with the radical left and Communist serious economic troubles, it is incompre­ would provide medicare coverage for oc­ front groups in our country would fill two hensible that congress would consider a tax cupationa! therapy services in any ap­ pages of the RECORD. To her, the radical that would so adversely impact Pittsburgh, proved outpatient setting and which right is anyone to the right of Ho Chi a. nationally recognized center for the steel Minh or Rap Brown. industry. would eliminate the need for any pre­ requisite service under the home health It is the age-old liberal demagoger. Said Horan, Take the extreme left-that is where benefit. Bella stands-and put it in the middle of Pittsburgh industry would be forced to pay The equitable treatment of our elderly for the maintenance and operation of much and disabled people, for whom the medi­ the road. Then measure anyone to the of the rest of America's waterway system, right by meters and bounds from that and that cost would be reflected in higher care benefits are intended, requires the position so everyone you do not like is on prices for Pittsburgh products. This, in turn, enactment of this proposed legislation. the ultra right. Bella, you get the head- will mean a loss of competitive advantage A stroke victim's occupational therapy lines, but you fool no one. and a potential downturn in the overall bus- treatment should be a covered service iness climate of the region. whether provided in a hospital clinic or any other approved outpatient setting. Horan concluded that- Likewise, an elderly arthritic home­ The Senate version of the tax, which pro­ maker should not have to be hospitalized WATERWAY USERS TAX poses a. 42-cent per gallon fuel tax rate, is clearly discriminatory and would cripple the to receive protective splints and instruc­ Pittsburgh economy. The House version tions from an occupational therapist, HON. DOUGLAS WALGREN would obviously be less harmful, but we merely because she does not happen to OF PENNSYLVANIA would rather see a tax formula which estab­ need another skilled service which is re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lished a. more equitable accommodation for quired for her to receive this treatment Monday, October 31, 1977 area. which use the waterway system a.s in­ at home. tensively as does Pittsburgh. Medicare recipients should not be sub­ Mr. WALGREN. Mr. Speaker, recently jected to the inconvenience and frustra­ the Economics Department of the Uni­ tion caused by provisions which arbi­ versity of Pittsburgh and the Greater OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY MEDICARE AMENDMENT trarily limit the setting in which the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce re­ treatment can be received. Likewise, the leased a study showing waterway users patient who otherwise can be treated tax to be potentially devastating to con­ HON. LINDY BOGGS at home should not be deprived of ac­ sumers and industry. OF LOUISIANA cess to needed occupational therapy The results of the study have made IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES services because no other treatment is some Pittsburgh area residents livid. required. They claim their economy is already Monday, October 31, 1977 Occupational therapy has been recog­ suffering heavily, because of below Mrs. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, the health nized by the private insurance industry market price foreign steel inflation. care needs of our elderly citizens should as a valuable service contributing to the October 31, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36151 containment of today's health costs. Re­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House WASHINGTON, D.C., of Representatives of the United States of cently, the Health Insurance Association September 6, 1977. of America recommended to its 350 mem­ America in Congress assembled, That (a) Hon. FLOYD J. FITHIAN, ber-companies inclusion of occupational section 1814(a) (2) (D) of the Social Security House of Representatives, Act is amended by inserting", occupational," Washington, D.C. therapy services in health benefits plans. immediately after "physical". HIAA and its Comprehensive Coverage (b) Section 1835(a) (2) (A) (i) of such Act DEAR CONGRESSMAN FITHIAN; This is in Subcommittee, in a Medical Economics is amended by inserting ", occupational," response to the request of your sta1f for Bulletin, state: immediately after "physical". the views of the Department of Justice on (c) Section 1835{a) (2) of such Act 1s fur­ the so-called "industry compromise" pre­ Occupational therapy is a professional sented by the National Agricultural Chemi­ health care service which when properly used ther amended- ( I) by striking out "and" at the end of cal1> Association ("NACA") regarding the can be instrumental in decreasing hospital trade secret and data compensation provi­ confinement, disability, and the ultimate cost subparagraphs (B) and (C); (2) by striking out the period at the end sions in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, of health care ... (occupational therapy) and Rodenticide Act. is a type of service which properly lies with­ of subparagraph {D) and inserting in lieu thereof"; and"; and As we have previously indicated in response in the intended scope of broad Major Medical to other inquiries, we find the NACA pro­ policies. (3) by adding after subparagraph {D) the following new subparagraph: posal to be unacceptable. The NACA pro­ The HIAA statement is a followup ac­ "(E) in the case of outpatient occupational posal basically relies upon an "exclusive use tion to its support of a resolution adopt­ therapy services, (i) such services are or were of data" concept. While it may be true that use of data and patent rights are technically ed by the National Association of In­ required because the individual needed oc­ cupational therapy services, (ii) a plan for distinguishable, as NACA argues, we think it surance Commissioners in December furnishing such services has been established equally true that both entail potential mo­ 1976. The NAIC resolution recognizes the and is periodically reviewed by a physician, noply and monopoly profits, and we adhere role of the occupational therapist as a and (iii) such services are or were furnished to our expressed views that exclusive use of provider of health care services and rec­ while the individual is or was under the care data. may be, for all practical purposes, an ommends that any plan or program of a physician.". extension of a patent monopoly. Thus, we which reimburses or provides benefits for (d) The last sentence of section 1864(p) continue to oppose exclusive use of data, of such Act is amended by inserting "and in th'e belief that its impact on the industry health care services consider for inclu­ occupational therapy services" after "speech (and on consumers) would likely be com­ sion occupational therapy services. pathology services". parable to the impact of the Act as dis­ It appears to me that, in view of the SEc. 2. The amendments made by the first cussed in the recent EPA report. alarming increase in health care costs section of this Act shall be applicable in the We would not attempt to predict the likely in recent years, we should consider care­ case of services furnished on and after the impact of NACA's limited data sharing pro­ fully these recommendations of the pri­ first day of the first month which begins posal, to take e1fect in the event of additional vate insurance industry and support cov­ not less than thirty days after the date of datr. requirements, and in particular of the erage for services, such as occupational the enactment of this Act. fall-back "equal" cost sharing conc·ept. In any event, this concept appears to exclude therapy, which have proven to be cost­ new registrants. effective as well as medically beneficial. FIFRA, "EXCLUSIVE USE," AND JUS­ In summary, we adhere to the views we By conservative estimates, some 2.3 TICE DEPARTMENT OPINION have previously expressed. We also believe million noninstitutionalized elderly peo­ that Congress should keep in mind that a ple are in need of home health assist­ "compromise" among some segm·ent of af­ ance. Many of these services provided by HON. FLOYD J. FITHIAN fected industries is not necessarily in the interest of the public. occupational therapists are precisely OF INDIANA Sincerely, those which homebound elderly people IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES need and are currently not receiving. PATRICIA M. WALD, Frequently, the need for these services Monday, October 31, 1977 Assistant Attorney General. extends the length of hospital stay pri­ Mr. FITHIAN. Mr. Speaker, today, we WASHINGTON, D.C., marily because of the administrative are considering amendments to the Fed­ April 27, 1977. difficulties attached to their provision in eral Insecticide, Fungi:ide, and Rodenti­ Hon. FLOYD J. FITHIAN, the home. Moreover, when occupational cide Act Romania, 300; and Bulgaria., specifically for ground-attack missions, can port Aviation, VTA (Voyenno-transportnaya 250. reach all NATO targets within the European aviatsiya). The other major components of The Pact air forces of Eastern Europe are theater. Range-payload tradeoffs are, of Soviet a.irpower •. the ai~ defense fo~ces- very heavily focused on the air defense mis- course, complex, but by way of elementary PVO Strany (Votska prottvovo~~~_!tO~~bMFo- - sion_They .are_~Q.YlP- ed predo_!_I?.inantly with example the Fencer-A can carry a payload rony strany), and Naval Aviation, .nv elderly MiG- 17s and Su-7s and -wftli·--tlie- of·-6;000 pounds over an operating radius (Aviatsiya voyennomorskogo ftota)-are, re- more modern MiG-21. The only Pact-allied of 600 miles. In Western terms, the Su-19 spectively, a separate service and an in·tegral air force to have been provided "third-gen- Fencer-A may be thought of as a slightly part of the Soviet Navy. In principle, the eration" attack aircraft is Poland, which is scaled-down version of the F-111. With its division of responsibilities between these five reported to have ten squadrons of the vari- terrain-avoidance radar and its laser ra.nge­ airpower components is fairly clear, but in able-geometry (VG) Su-29 (or Su-17 when finder, the Fencer-A, flying in a lo-lo-lo practice major problems might arise. PVO deployed with soviet FA). Therefore, with mode, poses a novel threat to NATO. Between Strany is charged with the defense of the only minimal exceptions, Pact-allied air 200 and 250 Fencer-As are now in service Soviet homeland and the superior direction forces should properly be viewed more as with FA in Europe. of the air defense resources of Warsaw Pact westward air defense extensions of PVO Some 1,200 to 1,300 MiG-23S (Flogger-B) allies. However, Frontal Aviation also has a Strany, than as substantial additions to the and B (Flogger-D) now are deployed with major air defense mission, and it is not in- strike capabilities of FA. FA. These systems, with Fencer-A, will form conceivable that, in the context of a war Before discussing the new aircraft types the backbone of FA over the next decade. that had not touched Soviet territory or air- being deployed by FA, three distinctive em- Flogger-B. the air-superiority version, is space directly, Frontal Aviation might be erging threats, complementary to the air- armed with a 23-mm twin-barrel GSh-23 provided some assistance from PVO Strany craft capabilities of FA, must be cited. First, cannon and four infrared and radar-homing and the medium-bomber resources of DA. the Soviet Ground Forces enjoy the services AA-7 Apex and AA-8 Aphid air-to-air mis­ The point of these remarks, aside from illus- of a dense inventory of all-altitude, surface- siles. Flogger-D, the ground-attack version, trating some plausible consequences of to-air missile (SAM) defenses. These de- has a six-barrel 23-mm rotary cannon, a Soviet military organization, is to remind fenses, organic to the Ground Forces, release laser designator, and terrain-avoidance radar. readers that Soviet (and some Pact-allied) air resources for strike and reconnaissance Flying in the exacting lo-lo-lo mode, Flog­ Frontal Aviation does not comprise the to- missions, aHhough, as specified below, they ger-D would have a plausible operating tality of the air threat in and about Europe. do pose major air battle management prob- radius of 250 miles. The Su-17/ 20 Fitter-C. The deployment of Frontal Aviation (FA) lems. Second, for deep strike missions, or for a VG development of the Fitter-A, attest matches closely that of the Ground Forces missions in a very h.ostile environment, FA both to the Soviet interest in the ground­ that it is designed to serve-indeed, FA, op- is backed up not merely by the DA, but also attack role and to dissatisfaction with the erationally, is subordinated to the front by a force of 600 Mj iRBMs (500 s~ performance of the now-obsolescent Fitter­ commander. Like the Ground Forces, FA is MRBMs and 100 ss-5 IRBMs) -a force that A. Fitter-C is a far more versatile aircraft deployed by military district within the So- appears to be on the brink of modernization than was its A model predecessor, above all viet Union, and by "groups of Soviet forces" with the deployment of the mobile and in its takeoff and landing requirements. The in four Warsaw Pact countries. In the event MIRVable SS-X- 20 IRBM. NATO does not Su-17/ 20, unlike the Su-7, can operate from of war, it is envisaged that each Soviet have a counterpart to this M/ IRBM force, emergency short fields for crisis and wartime "front" would have its assigned Air Army which is deployed on Soviet soil. Third, FA dispersal. (VA) . A "front" comprises a group of from has begun to deploy a new assault-trans- Although Western sources tend to dis· two to seven armies, each army with three to port/ gunship helicopter, the Mi-24 Hind agree on many details concerning Soviet FA four divisions. (see photo of the Mi-24 gunship on p . 98) . there is a marked and important consensu~ Before examining what is known concern- A large-scale delopment program for this on the following conclusions: a major mod­ ing the Warsaw Pact air order of battle in system is under way. It has been reported ernization program is under way with its 1977, it is useful to outline a "typical" VA. that seventy-plus Hinds are deployed with primary focus on the improvement of The typical VA, supporting a "front" or a the 16th VA in two regiments at Parchim and ground-attack capabilities; traditional air­ forward military district that might plausi- Stendal in East German. Should the Soviet superiority missions have not been aban­ bly come to function as an operational Union decide that the helicopter gunship has doned to the SAM system of the Ground "front," would dispose two fighter-bomber a promising future as a close-support (and Forces, impressive thoug:-J. those are. The divisions and three interceptor divisions, particularly anti-amour) weapon, FA aircraft Flogger-B is optimized for air defense tasks, with each division having three regiments resources could be released for other missions. while the Su-17/ 20 (Fitter-C) would appear of three squadrons each. (A squadron may CAPABILITY TRENDS to have air defense as an important second- have from twelve to sixteen aircraft, while It would be difficult to exaggerate the ary mission. the regiment would hold up to fifteen addi- change in the air threat (and the threat In addition, the days of clear NATO ECM tional aircraft as an operational reserve.) to NATO air) over the past decade. The (and ECCM) superiority are now definitely The precise numbers cited below are to be Soviet Union has not so much switched the past. Soviet FA is capable, in large numbers, treated with some reservation. They relate to focus of its FA to offensive missions as of flying really lo-lo-lo profiles so that ECM a peacetime (though reasonably war-ready) added new offensive capab111ties to an evolv- and ECCM is scarcely relevant; of enjoying deployment, they should decline marginally ing posture that retains a. very strong air ECM escort; and of deploying effective ECM as a consequence of modernization, they defense commitment, and shifted a good onboard strike aircraft. Furthermore, Soviet October 3'1, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36155 FA aircraft are housed on the ground in very Theoretical solutions to this problem are point that merits widespread attention and hard shelters, and FA has the use of close to not hard to devise, but they may fare ill in debate, Soviet "style" in theater war should ninety major airfields in East Germany, the confusion of a major war in Europe, with to an important degree, reflect Soviet per: Poland, and Czechoslovakia (and many more Soviet mobile ground-based air defenses de­ ceptions of the likelihood of an American emergency dispersal fields) . ployed irregularly and fairly deep in NATO strategic nuclear response to a NATO-Euro­ Soviet FA has a small deployment of MIG- territory. A drastic though effective Soviet pean disaster. In the context of conflict in 25 Foxbat-Bs (perhaps twenty aircraft) at solution would be to adopt a "switch on/ Europe, Soviet strategic forces should be Brieg in Silesia. This system, and the "A" in­ switch off" procedure for the SAMs and mo­ seen, in the first. instance, as a counter­ terceptor version, have been the subjects of bile cannons, with the ground-based air de­ deterrent. The kind of ordnance carried by much ill-informed comment. Lt. Viktor Be­ fense systems-at different times-being in­ FA, its depth of penetration, and the char­ lenko's defection in 1976 with a Foxbat-A of structed to assume that everything in the acter of its targets, will depend in significant PVO Strany settled most of the disputes over air is either friendly or hostile. Such a pro­ part on the credibility of American strategic the technical characteristics of this system, cedure might rest upon an exaggerated as­ nuclear intervention. Many factors should and also raised questions of much wider im­ sessment of the fault-proneness of IFF equip­ serve to restrain the theater-nuclear fire portance. Above all, perhaps, Belenko was ment and routines, and might overestimate plan of the Soviet Union, but current trends emphatic as to the total dependence of the Soviet unwillingness to accept aircraft losses in the strategic balance make it unlikely that pilot of a Foxbat-A upon positive ground to friendly action. But whatever the chosen the prospects of American strategic nuclear control. If, reflecting the limitations of on­ Soviet solution or solutions, it is probably action will be one of them. board radar and operating "style," it should correct to claim that in many instances FA Although it is not possible to be certain prove to be a fairly general characteristic of will be posed as many, if not more, problems just how the Soviet Union would prosecute Soviet air intercept operations that pilots are by the impressive organic air defenses of the a war in Europe, the following points are not perm! tted to proceed in the absence of Soviet Ground Forces as by NATO air de­ suggested by the diverse evidence available: real-time instruction, a major potential fenses. Soviet air doctrine attempts to mini­ a preplanned attack would be launched with­ Achilles' heel in the effectiveness of FA (and mize these problems by prescribing that in­ out prior reinforcement, so as to maximize PVO Strany) has been revealed and invites terceptors operate only about 10,000 feet. surprise; the attack would be designed to exploitation. Notwithstanding the apparent fact that unfold very rapidly; the Soviet objective Overall, Soviet FA is evolving in a direction the Soviet military has opted for an air de­ would be victory in the theater; the Soviet and at a pace that should give pause to those fense organic to the Ground Forces that decision on when, or whether, to introduce American commentators who have been in might be capable of self-sufficiency vis-a-vis nuclear weapons would depend on NATO the habit of using the theater air balance NATO's tactical air, FA does maintain (and actions, the program of the offensive, and as a major argument to excuse manifest de· modernize) a major force of manned inter­ the Soviet understanding of the war's politi­ ficiencies in NATO's ground forces. ceptors. Confident NATO analysts should bear cal c.hsarncter. With regard to nuclear weap­ in mind that late models of the MiG- 21 per­ ons, the Soviet Union: has developed a con­ GROUND-BASED AIR DEFENSES AND FRONTAL formed very creditably over North Vietnam cept of theater (nuclear) war; does not share AVIATION (at least by comparison with the kill-ratios Western ideas of escalation; sees nuclear In the past decade there has been a major achieved by American pilots in "MiG Alley" weapons as being complementary to the pri­ Soviet drive to provide all-altitude organic over North Korea), that the VG MiG-23S mary territory-acquiring/ holding function of air defenses for the Ground Forces, which (Flogger-B) would be a very formidable op­ Ground Forces; and believes, by way of con­ will provide continuous cover even for fast­ ponent, and that some of the resources of trast to NATO, that the character of a war moving armored forces. NATO's tactical air PVO Strany might be invoked on very short should determine the choice of weapons certainly has the capabUity to penetrate notice for combat duty in the European and the manner of their use, rather than vice those defenses, but such a claim could mis­ theater. American critics of SAC's manned versa (the Western academic strategic lead the unwary. Reasonably cohesive bomber force would do well to recognize that heresy). ground-based air defenses (in a fluid battle the greater the manned bomber/ standoff mis­ It is entirely possible, though far from situation any air defense system is going to sile threat to the Soviet homeland, the less certain, that the Soviet Armed Forces would suffer some loss of cohesion, no matter how likely would it be that PVO Strany would execute their theater-nuclear fire plan as mobile it is supposed to be) on a scale and release aircraft in aid of FA in Europe. an immediate precursor to the Ground with the quality of those int egral to the The accompanying diagram and table (see Forces' offensive. In this case it is more Group of Soviet Forces in Germ.3.ny ( GSFG) , p. 64) indicate the character and density of likely than not that most high-value NATO must impose heavy "virtual attrition" upon the organic air defenses of the Soviet Ground fixed targets would be struck by Scud-B and an enemy. Even if few kills are achieved by Forces. Scaleboard short-range ballistic missiles, and such a system, SAM-suppression sorties and THEATER WAR by M/ IRBMs. The principal initial roles for ECM equipment represent sorties not flown The marked improvement in the FA FA would be preattack reconnaissance, the against Soviet armor and loss of payload to ground attack capabutty matches the dis­ attack upon mobile targets (and particularly that end. The principal mission of the Soviet cernible trend in Soviet doctrine for theater nuclear-capable weapon systems), and for­ mobile SAM and automatic cannon systems war. It is probable that Soviet military plan­ is not to shoot down aircraft. Rather it is to ward interception of NATO manned aircraft ners are not wedded to a single idea with that escaped the first (missile) blow. prevent NATO's tactical air from inter­ respect to war in Europe-"one-variant war," vening decisively against the armored offen­ as Nikita Khrushchev's rigid nuclear orienta­ In the event of a Soviet decision to at­ sive in the critical opening days of a war. In tion was disparagingly termed by some Soviet tempt a non-nuclear invasion-probably in short, the mission is to keep the damage military professionals. Whatever the circum­ the hope that a non-nuclear phase would last imposed by NATO's tactical air down to a stances of the outbreak of war, and whatever long enough to enable the first and second level that does not arrest the momentum of the scope of Soviet ambitions, the refur­ echelons of attacking armortCJcomplete pre­ the attack. bished FA }:remises to be an asset of increas­ attack assembly and breakthrough opera­ The benefits to the Soviet forces of their ing value. The complementary and essential tions without nuclear attention by NATO­ dense SAM and tube antiaircraft artillery de­ triplet of missions-reconnaissance, intercep­ FA would have, plausibly, as its primary mis­ ployments are as obvious as are the costs. tions, and strike-will need to be accom­ sions paralyzing NATO's ca and reducing The benefits include the release of some plished in a European war at any level, and NATO's means of nuclear delivery. Given the Frontal Aviation for strike missions, and of any character. very capable organic air defenses of the some reduction in the anticipated scale of Soviet theater-war doctrine is evolving, Soviet Ground Forces, and the fact that the NATO tactical air threat. (FA need not under the pressure of new theater and those forces are still extremely artlllery­ be tied closely, as a general rule, to providing strategic capabUities, but this evolution heavy. the immediate necessity for FA to protective cover for the Ground Forces.) The should provide little comfort for Western beat back NATO tactical ~ir and provide costs include the diversion of Ground Forces governments. On the one hand, it is true close ground support should not be over­ resources to defensive as opposed to offensive both that the Soviet Union has purchased whelming. shock-power roles, and the creation of major the mmtary option of being able to wage a More likely, if a good measure of tactical problems in air battle management. Despite sustained nonnuclear campaign in Europe surprise were achieved by the Warsaw Pact and that there are some signs that could be careful planning friendly air traffic control, offensive, Soviet FA-aside from its task of and despite reliable IFF equipment, virtually indicative of a willingness to wage a very every NATO exercise-not to mention the restrained theater-nuclear war. Above all blunting the potential NATO theater-nu­ graphic evidence provided in the Middle East else, perhaps, the appearance of nuclear­ clear response-would be most usefully ap­ in October 1973-shows that each side is capable artillery could mark a fairly dramatic plied to isolating NATO's forward-deployed going to lose a number of aircraft to its own change in the Soviet view of the proper role formations. A high-intensity conventional ground-based air defenses. (Some recent of nuclear fire support. interdiction campaign against the tactical NATO exercises have shown a higher kill On the other hand, across-the-board and deep rears of NATO forces could both rate against friendly aircraft than even the modernization and augmentation of theater­ deny (or help deny) reinforcing NATO units' Syrians managed to achieve against the Is­ war capabilities could sensibly be viewed in access to the battlefield and, perhaps above raelis in 1973!) The more hostile the air de­ the West as evidence of Soviet determina­ fense environment, the greater the number tion to be able to do better what they had all, help deny forward NATO forces an or­ of friendly aircraft that will be destroyed. already planned to do. Also, and this is a derly fighting withdrawal. Fencer-As, Fit- 36156 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 31, 1977 ter-es, Flogger-Ds, and perhaps Backfire-Bs HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Unfortunately, the reply I have re­ could-flying lo-lo-lo profiles-isolate the Washington, D.C., September 15, 1977. ceived appears to close the door on the battle area and create chaos in the NATO Secretary BOB BERGLAND, possibility of making disaster and de­ command/ communication structure. In a U.S . Department of Agriculture, Washington, D .C. ~ciency payments on the 1977 crop and nonnuclear environment, it would only be 1978 the penetrating aircraft of FA that could DEAR BoB: We wish to convey to you our 1s less than optimistic as far as the accomplish this in a very short time-span. deep concern over the implications of the crop is concerned : 1978 farm program if oats target price and DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE It is probably true to claim that tactical disaster poayment,s are not included, pur­ airpower cannot compensate fully for gross OFFICE OF THE SECRE~ARY, suant to the discretionary authority which Washington, D.C., October 26, 1977. deficiencies in the holding capacity of will become law when the Food and Agricul­ Hon. JAMES ABDNOR, Ground Forces. However, Soviet military ture Act of 1977 is signed. We trust you are House of Representatives, planners have to assume, prudently, that inclined to exercise this authority but we Washington, D.C. NATO's tactical air might just be capable want to be certain you are aware of our inter­ DEAR JIM: This is in response to your letter of making the difference between victory and est in this matter. concerning 1977-crop oats being eligible for defeat in the first days of a war. In other Purely on the basis of equity, there is no target price and disaster payments. words, a commitment to a fairly expansive logical ground for excluding oats from farm notion of air superiority is probably dic­ The Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 as program coverage which is extended to other p~ssed by Congress provides the Secretary tated by analytical considerations as well as crops. Oats is an important crop in each of w1th authority to designate a payment rate by tradition. However, as noted earlier, the our Congressional districts, while in some it for oats for the 1977 crop as well as for the task for FA is to facilitate the operations of rivals wheat and corn in total value of pro­ l!J.8 through 1981 crops. The conferees indi­ the Ground Forces. It could well be sufficient duction. The loss of income due to a disaster cated in their report that they did not antic­ for FA to be active in the counterair role or disastrously low market prices is no less a ipate that the Secretary would make use o1 early in the war, in order to reduce the burden on a producer whether it results from this authority for the 1977 crop. NATO sortie rate and the effectiveness of the farming oats or one of the crops for which It would be difficult at this late date to sorties that were completed. In a nonnuclear target and disaster coverage is mandated. context, FA, in combination with ground­ authorize target levels for deficiency and Equity is the simplest but by no means the disaster payments for the 1977 crop of oats. based mobile (and fixed) air defenses, could only argument in support of oats target and not totally paralyze NATO's tactical aviation. Oats have not been considered a program disaster payments. It is our contention that crop under previous legislation and therefore But, the new ground-attack capability should the ramifications extend beyond the narrow have not required an allotment or establish­ help markedly to reduce the NATO sortie economic self-interests of a producer or a ment of program yields. In addition, most of rate-and hence the weight of firepower that Congressional district to include considera­ the crop has already been harvested result­ NATO could bring to bear promptly upon tions of national importance. If oats is ex­ ing in a lack of adequate informatio~ for de­ Soviet armor and transport/ communication cluded from full program participation, we termining disaster payments. These are the choke-points. foresee the distinct possibility the following reasons for excluding the 1977 crop of oats FA can properly .be appraised only against events will transpire: from program benefits. the background of Soviet combined-arms 1. Production of .oats will drop dramati­ We have not decided exactly how oats will doctrine for the conduct of theater war, and cally. The inc~ntive of targ-et price protection be treated for program benefits in 1978. in the context of Soviet perceptions of the for wheat, corn, barley and sorghum but not Sincerely, theater implications of trends in the strategic oats will force many farmers to abandon the JAMES C. WEBSTER, balance. Just as the improvements in So­ growing of oats. This will be a decision not Director, Congressional viet Frontal Aviation are an integral part of dictated by the marketplace but rather the and Public Affairs. the momentum of Soviet military modern­ administration of a Federal program. ization, so tb.e appropriate NATO response 2. The reduced availability of oats will re­ Mr. Speaker, I recognize there may be must encompass all aspects of military sult in higher prices that will be passed on procedural problems in implementing posture. to consumers of oat products. It has been the amendment, particularly for the estimated that the additional cost will be 1977 crop. There is simply no logical or $.20-$.25 per bushel or $100,000,000 to $125,- justifiable reason for allowing these 000,000 per year. With many of the oat con­ potential problems to result in discrimi­ TARGET AND DISASTER COVERAGE sumers in the low to lower middle income nation against oats farmers. though. FOR OATS range, the burden will fall most heavily on the group that can least afford it. I am disheartened by USDA's appar­ 3. The acreage forced out of oats will not ent unwillingness to give oats farmers disappear. Rather, it will be diverted to the equal consideration they deserve. HON. JAMES ABDNOR wheat, corn, barley and sorghum-grains that but I do not intend to abandon my ef­ OF SOUTH DAKOTA will have target price protection. In the forts to persuade them to do so. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES upper midwest, the major shift will be from following comments which were made oats to wheat. Treasury payments for wheat by me and my colleagues when my Monday, October 31, 1977 will surely be higher. In fact, with the cur­ amendment was accepted on the floor of rent world wide surplus of wheat, the odds the House remain as valid today as they Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, on July 22 favor a greater payment exposure per acre I offered an amendment to the 1977 farm of wheat than for oats. were then: bill, which was before the House for pas­ Granted, these are only rough guesses and AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. ABDNOR sage. My amendment was adopted with­ oversimplifications of what may actually Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Chairman, I offer an out dissent and for the first time author­ occur. One thing is certain, however-exelud­ amendment. ized full target price-deficiency-and ing oats from program coverages afforded The Clerk read as follows : disaster payment coverage for oats, plac­ other crops constitutes a dislocation of the Amendment offered by Mr. ABDNOR: Title market which can only be expected to have V, section 501, page 15, line 12, after the ing oats on par with other major crops adverse effects. Considering current and fore­ words "by the Secretary," insert the words under the farm program. seeable market conditions, along with the "data and" and on page 16, line 21 , after To insure adoption of the amendment, new "allotment" provisions of the 1977 Act the word "Secretary," insert the words oats however, it was necessary to make oats and especially set-aside requirements, the and''. target and disaster coverage discretion­ adverse effects on the oats market will surely Mr. ABo NoR asked and was given permis- ary on the part of the Secretary of Agri­ be greatly magnified. sion to revise and extend his remarks.) We urge, therefore, that you act as expe­ Mr. ABDNOR. In support of this amendment culture. In other words, express congres­ ditiously as possible to implement full pro­ I would make the following points: sional authorization was provided for gram coverage for oats upon enactment of First. Corn, grain sorghums, barley, and oats to be fully included in the farm the authority contained in the Food and Ag­ wheat are eligible for target price pay­ program-even to the point of disaster riculture Act. The authority to make oats tar­ ments-but not oats. and deficiency payments for the 1977 get and disaster payments for 1977 will be Second. In times of depressed market crop-but the secretary was given the provided, and we respectfully suggest condi­ prices target price protection on other com­ tions justify that it be exercised. In any modities but not oats constitutes a distor­ option whether to make the payments. event we're sure you'll agree it is in the na­ tion of the market which may induce farm­ Since adoption of the amendment, my tional interest that the program be fully ers to plant more acres of the other crops staff and I have endeavored to obtain implemented for 1978, and we look forward which are already in surplus and less of oats. to your favorable response. assurances from USDA that it would be With warmest personal regards, Third. Although I think the area of South implemented for the 1977 as well as the Sincerely, Dakota where my farm is located as a win­ Larry Pressler, Charles E. Grassley, Rich­ ter wheat area, according to USDA's Agricul­ 1978 crop. One of my specific efforts was tural Statistics, 1976, yearbook, in the re­ a letter to the Secretary, in which 13 of ard Nolan, Arlan Stangeland, Tom Hagedorn, Tom Harkin, Charles Thone, cent years of 1973-75 South Dakota farmers my colleagues joined me in pointing out James Abdnor, Albert H. Quie, Mark planted nearly three times as many acres some of the potential adverse impacts if Andrews, William Steiger, Berkley to oats as to winter wheat and harvested oats is not given equal consideration: Bedell, Avin Baldus, Keith G . Sebelius. four times as many bushels of oats. October 31, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36157 Fourth. In recent years, South Dakota has plant wheat, corn, barley, soybeans and grain I urge those who agree to contact Sec­ been the second largest producer of oats­ sorgum will be greatly magnified. retary Bergland. It is not too late, but Minnesota has been first in production of Eleventh. The market price for oats has oats. dropped precipitously in recent months. Ac­ it is apparent USDA is going to require a Fifth. Four States, South Dakota, Minne­ cording to USDA's Agricultural Marketing considerable degree of prodding to over­ sota, North Dakota, and Iowa, respectively, Service, the Minneapolis market price come their current bias against imple­ plant about 50 percent of the national peaked at $1.93 per bushel in June 1976, de­ mentation of the oats amendment. acreage of oats. South Dakota plants about clined to $1.62 in November of last year, and 15 percent of the total alone. It is easy to continued to decline to $1.38 in June of understand why my colleagues may have this year, the latest month for which their overlooked oats since it may not be impor­ statistics are available. FEDERAL STUDENT AID AND HOW tant to them, but it is a very important Locally, in my hometown of Kennebec, S. IT GREW crop to South Dakota farmers. Dak., the drop has been even more dramatic. Sixth. Nationally, in 1975, the acres har­ The manager of the local eleva tor quoted me vested and value of production of corn, a price of 74 cents per bushel yesterday, HON. WILLIAM D. FORD wheat, barley, soy beans, grain sorghum, down from $1.68 only 3 months ago! And and oats are: prospects are bleak for any improvement in OF MICHIGAN the market in the foreseeable future. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Chairman, I urge adoption of this vital Monday, October 31, 1977 Acres Value amendment to bring greater equity to the (millions) (millions) oats farmers of America and a greater degree Mr. FORD of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, of uniformity to the farm program. the Subcommittee on Postsecondary Corn ------77.9 $14,204. 7 Mr. FOLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentle­ Education, which I chair, has been con­ VVheat ------­ 69.66 7,497.43 man yield? ducting a series of hearings in an effort Soybeans ------53.6 7,000.34 Mr. ABDNOR. I am happy to yield to the Grain sorghum ______gentleman from VVashington. to determine the adequacy of coordina­ 15.48 1, 782.31 tion at the Federal level of student as­ Oats ------16.65 940. 24 Mr. FOLEY. I thank the gentleman for Barley ------8. 7 913.95 yielding. sistance prgrams. We are finding, as I This amendment has the support of the suspected, that there is virtually no co­ administration, and I personally accept the ordination here in Washington of funds Seventh. In South Dakota the acres har­ amendment and urge its adoption. distributed to students by the three large vested and value of production for corn, Mr. SEBELIUS. Mr. Chairman, will the gen­ bureaucracies which deliver the bulk of wheat, barley, soybeans, grain sorghum, and tleman yield? oats are: Mr. ABDNOR. I yield to the gentleman f-rom the assistance-the Office of Education, Kansas. the Veterans' Administration, and the Social Security Administration. Acres Value Mr. SEBELius. I thank the gentleman for (thousands) (millions) yielding. This is in large part due to the piece­ I commend the gentleman on his amend­ meal manner in which the major pro­ ment and accept it on this side. grams were developed and have grown. VVheat 3,003 $253,65 Mr. ABDNOR . I thank the gentleman. The Chronicle of Higher Education, Corn ------2,250 199.8 Mr. ANDREWS of North Dakota. Mr. Chair­ in the second of a series of articles on Oats ------2,230 137.37 man, will the gentleman yield? Barley ------­ 570 38.87 Mr. ABDNOR. I yield to the gentleman from student assistance by Anne c. Roark, Soybeans ------337 37.07 North Dakota. recently contained a history of these Grain sorghum ______237 18.99 Mr. ANDREWs of North Dakota. I thank the programs and outlined some of the prob­ gentleman for yielding. lems which my subcommittee has been So in South Dakota oats is far more im­ I want to commend the gentleman on this reviewing. I am anxious that my col­ portant than barley or grain sorghum and amendment. This amendment is long over­ leagues have the opportunity to read this nearly as important as corn. due, because oats is one of the principal article, particularly as we look forward Eighth. Nationally, in 1975, the total value crops in certain areas of the country that to the reauthorization of student aid pro­ of production of oats was $904,244,000 and cannot grow other food grains. It is an grams in 1979. sales totaled $863,944,000. The bulk of the amendment which repre£ents equity and oats is consumed on the farm-404,683,000 hirness to those of us in the Upper Great I am particularly interested in the bushels used for feed and seed versus 252,- Pla.ins. I want to cc·mmend the chairman of concluding remarks in the article by 179,000 bushels sold. the committee fer accepting the amendment. Ivan W. Parker who was the first finan­ I suppose this could be used as an argu­ Mr. ABoNoR. I thank the gentleman. cial aid officer at the University of Mich­ ment against providing target payments on The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the igan. Mr. Parker foresees "a kind of GI oats, but I do not believe it is a valid argu­ amendment offered by the gentleman from bill for every college student because ment because the economic value of the com­ South Dakota (Mr. ABDNOR) costs are going up too fast, and college modity on the market rema!ns the same The amendment was agreed to. is too much a part of the American whether it is sold or not. Also, target pay­ ments for wheat, corn, barley, and grain Yes, Mr. Speaker, on July 22 the dream. for it to be any other way." His sorgum are made on yield times allotment amendment was agreed to, but whether conclusion is an idea we have discussed acres-not bushels sold. our action will have any real benefit to in the subcommittee hearings, and I hope Finally, much of the corn and barley pro­ America's oats farmers remains to be my colleagues will read this interesting duced is consumed or planted on the farm seen. In terms of the national population and thought-provoking article. too. For example, in 1975 corn for feed and these farmers are relatively few in num­ I include the article "Federal Student seed totaled 2.096,355,000 bushels versus bers. In terms of the national agricul­ Aid and How It Grew" in the RECORD at 3,670,636,000 bushels sold; barley for feed this point: and seed totaled 102,934,000 bushels versus tural production there are other crops 280,046,000 bushels sold; and grain sorgum which are grown in greater quantities [From the Chronicle of Higher Education, for feed and seed totaled 176,612,000 bushels and are of greater total value. In the O::t. 11, 1977] versus 581,842,000 bushels sold. final analysis, though, I am afraid the FEDERAL STUDENT AID AND How IT GREW Ninth. As implied by the large percentage determining factor may simply be that (By Anne C. Roark) of oats consumed on the farm, target price oats is grown in relatively few States and ANN ARBOR, MICH.-Thlrty year.:; ago, when and disaster payment coverage will provide congressional districts. Ivan VV. Parker awarded scholarships to a a measure of additional assistance to Ameri­ handful of academically talented students at ca's stockmen, who have been among the But oat production is vital to certain the University of Michigan, he and his secre­ most embattled of all farmers in the eco­ areas, like South Dakota, and to certain tary worked alone in a condemned theater on nomic and environmental throes of drought farmers it is an indispensable means of the campus. and disastrous market prices. It will, in a livelihood. It is possible to question the Today the university's $50-million student­ small way, help to offset the negative gains overall wisdom of Government. involve­ aid operation is housed in a new office build­ they have been forced to endure in feeding ment in agriculture; but, given the farm ing. It resembles a small-town bank or tax­ animals for which they will be unable to program which is currently in force, ac:::ounting office, with rows of analysts work­ recover their cost of production. ing from complicated computer printouts. Tenth. In the 1977 farm bill we are mov­ there is just no excuse for continuing to They prepare checks to pay all or part of the ing to an allotment system based on current discriminate against oats and, more par­ cost of education for nearly 13,000 financially plantings, rather than historical and out­ ticularly, those who produce it-not to needy students, many of whom could not at­ dated allotments. In this context, and par­ mention their customers, who will also tend college without the assistance. ticularly with dismal market prospects, the suffer from a failure to give oats full Mr. Parker 1s still here, and what he has target and disaster coverage inducement to program coverage. seen and done since 1947 reflects the dra- 36158 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 31, 1977 matic changes that have taken place in un­ young people about scholarships-so in a need a lot of money, we're giving too litte­ dergraduate financial aid all over the coun­ sense I was a recruiter. I went around and and, as a result, they can't come." try. spoke at a lot of high-school assemblies to By the late 1950's, Michigan, like many "For one thing, maybe students are not as spread the word." other institutions, began to change its stu­ grateful as they used to be," Mr. Parker said The "word" at many institutions in those dent-aid policies. recently. "Many of them have stopped think­ days was that academically talented students "There was still a scholarship for each ing of financial aid as an honor. They've could compete for a limited number of merit high school in the state," said Mr. Parker. learned to expect that, if they need support scholarships. "But only some were set at $50. Others for a college education, they should get it. The idea of honoring (some observers said were set at the cost of tuition, some were "In the olden days, I actually saw the peo­ "paying") students for their academic ac­ at more than tuition, some at double ple who donated the money. And I could walk complishments went back to the founding tuition. across campus and call the students by name. of the nation's oldest colleges and universi­ "It meant," he said, "that the quality stu­ "We were pretty much on our own, able to ties. dent would at least get a $50 bill, even if his use our own good judgment. The bad thing According to early records, most of those dad was president of the bank. But if the son was that the process wasn't as open as it is scholarships were supported by private gifts. of the bank janitor was also good, he might now Awards were made to recruit the talented­ get enough money to enable him to do some VOLUMES OF COMPLEX REGULATIONS whatever their financial status. part-time work, and be able to attend Only in relatively recent times did the fed­ college." "I often felt that some schools would give eral government become involved in subsi­ their award to Mary Brown just because her Despite the individual efforts of institu­ dizing the cost of students' education. Even tions, it was not until after the Soviet Union dad was on the school board. We just didn't then, however, the support did not necessar­ launched the first man-made satellite, Sput­ ever hear about Thomas Jones, who was a ily go to the students who needed it. nik, in 1957 that the U.S. government em­ much better student, or the student who Those who were assisted were ones whose barked on a broad program of financial aid really needed the money. education could contribute to pressing "na­ for college students. The intent was to in­ "Now an anonymous federal bureaucracy tional goals," according to a 1976 study, Con­ tells you what you have to do--in volumes of crease the pool of talented youths for the gress and the Courts, by Lawrence E. nation's universities, which politicians were complex regulations. It is much more open. Gladieux, director of the Washington office afraid had fallen behind Russia's. But there is, I guess you'd say, a price to pay of the College Entrance Examination Board for that. At the time, federal student-assistance and Thomas R. Wolanin, staff member of the programs consisted of the Korean War ex­ "Students are not known by their n ames House Subcommittee on Select Education. any longer. They have computer-identifica­ tension of the GI Bill and graduate train­ WORK-STUDY STARTED IN 1930'S ing and fellowships for a limited number of tion numbers. I'm lucky if I see anyone I students in specialized disciplines. know." As the national goals changed, the study These days Mr. Parker handles the univer­ pointed out, so did the federal government's The new policy took shape in the form of sity's athletic and privately endowed scholar­ student-aid policies. low-interest student loans, enacted by the Between the Civil War and World War II, National Defense Education Act of 1958. The ships. Some three-dozen other people in his law and its name clearly stated the "national office concentrate their efforts on the federal for example, most federal support was con­ goals" of the federal support: government's student-assistance programs. centrated in such areas as international ex­ Undergraduate student assistance in the change and vocational rehabilitation. "The Congress hereby finds and declares In the 1930's, the government added a that the security of the nation requires the United States has grown from a tiny business fullest development of the mental resources in the 1940's to a multi-billion-dollar indus­ work-study program as a way for the country and technical skills of young men and try in the 1970's. Much of that increase has to maintain a college-educated population women." come from the federal government. despite the Great Depression. Only one major federal student-assistance During World War II, a federal student­ FEAR OF A FREE RIDE program existed in the 1940's-the GI Bill. loan program was established to encourage It was also what "sold" the loan program Now dozens of undergraduate student-aid young persons to enter professions that had to Congressmen and Senators who feared plans are in operation, providing about $11- manpower shortages. that the loans, particularly with their spe­ billion a year. The assistance takes the form It was not until 1944-only three years cial cancellation provisions for future teach­ of loans, grants, tax exemptions, and subsi­ before Ivan Parker arrived at Michigan-that ers, would be little more than a "free ride" dized work programs, administered by such financing a college education for large num­ for students. mammoth federal bureaucracies as the Vet­ bers of students became a major concern of (Only much later, after the idea of aiding erans Administration, the Office of Educa­ the federal government. students had become firmly entrenched in tion, and the Social Security Administration. When Congress passed the Servicemen's the American way of life, was the name of On college campuses, the change in status Readjustment Act of 1944, which created the the loan program changed to National Direct of student financial-aid programs has been GI Bill of Rights, many politicians argued Student Loans.) dramatic. The ten-fold growth in student that it was in the "national good" to provide To administer the new loan program, col­ assistance that the University of Michigan special educational benefits for war veterans. leges and universities all over the country experienced in 30 years is not unusual. Many, the argument ran, had had their col­ began setting up separate financial-aid of­ In fact, for many institutions, undergradu­ lege educations interrupted and needed "spe­ fices, bringing together under one roof­ ate financial aid has become one of their cial assistance" to become fully productive separate from other offices on their cam­ single largest sources of income. citizens. puses-the various state, institutional, and Even today, however, many faculty mem­ ERA OF $50 SCHOLARSHIPS federal programs. bers and administrators admit they give How far the federal government would With the advent of the GI Bill and a num­ take the notion of need-based student as­ little thought to how that income is handled, ber of other national student-assistance pro­ and by whom. sistance became a major political issue in grams in the 1940's, colleges and universities Washington and on the campuses through Certainly, in 1947, when Mr. Parker be­ began to pay more attention to their finan­ came the University of Michigan's first finan­ the late 1950's and early 1960's. cial-aid services. Separate scholarship divi­ Ironically, much of the pressure for in­ cial-aid officer, few people knew much about sions were established and financial-aid offi­ what he did. He had only a handful of col­ creased federal assistance came from outside cers, usually part-time, were designated. the campuses. leagues around the country and no real office Among the programs that Mr. Parker ad­ of his own. "Partly as a result of the success of the ministered at Michigan was an annual $50 GI Bill, the attitudes of the American soc­ "In the early years, financial aid-what regents-alumni scholarship, which he used to there was of it-was handled by a large iety toward postsecondary education began recruit high-school students around the to change," said the recent report of an number of offices at most institutions," said state. James White, director of financial aid for By 1955, his office was also overseeing a H.E.W. task force. "The desire for postsec• nearly 20 years at Oberlin College. national, privately financed program, the Na­ ondary education rose among middle and "If students wanted loans, they went to tional Merit Scholarship. Underwritten by lower-income families, where previously it the treasurer. who reached in his desk the Ford F'ounda tion and sponsored by cor­ would have been considered unrealistic." drawer. If they wanted to work, they went porations and universities, the Merit Scholars The enrollment boom that hit colleges and to the dean of men or women, who might program has continued to offer national com­ universities in the 1960's temporarily sus­ have gotten them jobs. pended the student-aid arguments in Wash­ petitive scholarships for undergraduate stu­ ington and the state capitals. Lawmakers "If they wanted scholarships, they went to dents for more than 20 years. the dean of admissions, or the registrar, or, In the mid-1950's, however, the limitations faced the more pressing problem of finan­ maybe, the dean of the college." of merit scholarships and the veterans' en­ cing campus building projects and devel­ Few extremely needy students ever got to oping new institutions, particularly com­ titlement program were becoming increas­ munity colleges. college in those days, according to most ingly evident to many aid officers. officials. Mr. Parker remembers describing to his ARGUMENT FOR STUDENT CHOICE "When they hired me in 1947," said Mr. colleagues and the board of regents the ef­ During the early years of the Kennedy Ad­ Parker, "the university was looking for a fect, around 1955, of the $50 merit awards: ministration, private colleges pressed the high-school principal, which I was, who liked "We're giving some scholarships to people argument that students should have not only to talk-which I did. They wanted me to tell who don't need them. To other people who "access" to a college education, but also October 31, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36159 "choice" among institutions-whatever their insure that eligible college students would what one observer called "inconsistent" and cost. Increased federal assistance for stu­ at least have a basic sum of money to at­ "overly intrusive regulations" to carry out dents, they felt, could bring that about. tend college. the programs. Associations, representing state colleges A Supplemental Opportunity Grants pro­ "With each program, more students could and universities lobbied against federal sup­ gram was created to succeed the Educational attend college," said P . Jerome Cunningham, port for students. Opportunity Grant program for needy stu­ direct or financial aid for 20 years at "Our early reservations came from fear of dents who required additional assistance­ Wesleyan University. "Yet with each new too much intervention, too much paperwork," for example, to attend particularly expen­ federal program came a new set of compli­ Mr. Parker recalled. " Personally, I thought sive institutions. cated regulations. the more dollars I could find, the better it A new State Student Incentive Grant pro­ "At first the federal government didn't tell would be for students." gram was also established in the 1972 us how to run the programs at all. Then The state institutions' arguments were sup­ Amendments to match funds appropriated they told us too specifically-in too much ported by conservative Congressmen, who by the states for their own scholarship pro­ complex detail-who could get the money continued to object to giving even the need­ grams. and how the institutions had to handle it." iest students a free ride. STATE AID FOR PRIVATE COLLEGES Although some federal agencies have begun Complicating the issue of federal support to simplify their requirements; they contend for education was a longrunning debate over While the states had traditionally sup­ that many of the requirements are necessary the constitutional ability-and desirability­ ported educational programs at state-run to hold down the growing problems of fraud of extending direct government support to institutions, the incentive-grant program and abuse in these multi-billion-dollar church-related schools and colleges. helped establish them as a major source of programs. The result was that legislative proposals student financial assistance to be used at Congress also has been concerned. One for need-based, non-repayable student grants private and public institutions. The state result has been major alterations in the were rejected in the early 1960's, but by 1964, grants provided nearly $650 million in grants Guarant eed Student Loan program, aimed the federal government had committed itself last year to students. at reducing the spiraling default rates and The state programs tried to fill a role that, eliminating fraud. to new national goals-the "Great Society" ma.ny aid officers believe, the federal govern­ and its "War on Poverty." The goals in­ ment has avoided: giving <;;tudents enough Dramatic changes were also made in the cluded a new policy of educating all persons, GI Bill, re-authorized by Congress last year, poor as well as rich, and the money to pay money to attend the colleges of their choice. Nonetheless, many financial-aid officers in an attempt to cut down the abuses. The for it. have charged that the state student-assist­ new measure required institutions to limit By 1965 the government was publicly com­ ance programs are less than equitable for the enrollment of veterans in courses of mitted to a policy of "equal opportunity for ma.ny students. For example, half of all stu­ study and to restrict their participation in all persons" with the passage of major civil­ dent-aid funds, according to the National new courses. rights legislation the year before. Education Association of State Scholarship Programs. "The result of all these burdens for many was seen by many politicians as the way to are provided by only five states: New York, financial-aid officers is that they have to provide that opportunity, and student-as­ Pennsylvania, Illinois, California, and New follow formulas. Everything has to be fed sistance programs as the means to pay for it. Jersey. int o the computer. But some of these cases DRAMATIC SHIFT IN 1965 The allocation of federal funds, while the computer just can't handle," said A College Work-Study program was en­ based on strict formulas, has also led to gross Paulet te Stallworth, one of Mr. Parker's col­ acted as part of President Lyndon B. John­ inequities among institutions, aid officers leagues at the University of Michigan. son's Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, say. FUTURE AID FORMULAS guaranteeing more jobs for needy college "Old, well-established programs with ag­ How those student-aid formulas will be students. gressive financial-aid officers consistently altered in the years ahead is the central The most dramatic shift in federal policy bring in the largest portion of the federal question for students, institutions, and the came with the Higher Education Act of dollar for their students," observed one fi­ government. 1965, which authorized the first federal pro­ nancial-aid officer, "Students in newer insti­ While financial-aid officers, parents, and gram of non-repayable grants of up to $1 ,- tutions or places with less aggressive aid of­ students say they would like to see funds 000 to students from low-income families. ficers are shortchanged." for the programs increased dramatically, Known as the Educational Opportunity Many students and their parents also President Carter wants to cut down spend­ Grant program, it was the predecessor of argue that they still are not awarded enough ing. the current Supplemental Opportunity Grant money to keep pace with tuition increases. Legislators, for their part, say they are program. They also complain that the process of ap­ reluctant to make major changes in either In response to the need for assistance for plying for aid is overly complex. Middle­ direction. middle-income families, the act also created class students feel they are overburdened Despite volumes of reports, they say, few the Guaranteed Student Loan program. Un­ with loans. Poor students find it difficult to data are available to show them what effect der its provisions, the federal government obtain adequate loans. cutting a program, or increasing it, would began t o insure loans made by banks and Most say that efforts to improve the situ­ have on specific students in specific parts of other lending agencies, thus encouraging ation have been of little help. the country. them to lend to needy students who could not get the credit or collateral normally POOR CREDIT RISKS Barring a fiscal crisis or a drastic increase needed to secure commercial loans. The Student Loan Marketing Association, in fraud in the programs, Congress will not for example, was created by the 1972 Amend­ have to face that question again until 1979, A variety of other programs to aid stu­ when some of the major programs w.ill expire. dents also began to appear. In 1965 work­ ments as a government-sponsored, privately men's-compensation programs, such as the run corporation to increase the number of But for Mr. Parker, who has been around Social Security Benefit plan, extended student loans. While it has increased the longer and seen more than most, the direc­ monthly benefits to the unmarried 18- to money available for those loans, many banks tion is clear: 21-year-old children of deceased, disabled, and other commercial lending agencies con­ "My feeling for years has been-and I still or retired workers. tinue to consider the neediest students poor believe it--that, as the time goes on, we're credit risks. going to have college without tuition-a $3 BILLION INCREASE Students also contend that little has been kind of GI Bill for every college student. As a result of all these new programs, by done to enforce the consumer-information Costs are going up too fast, and college is 1965 the federal government was spending provisions of the 1976 Amendments, which too much a part of the American dream, !or $3.5-billion for student assistance-nearly $3- tried to protect students by informing them it to be any other way. I have little worry billion more than 10 years before. of their rights and responsibilities. about this country being over educated. And, As great er strain was placed on the fed­ Financial-aid officers complain bitterly despite their talk, I think the American eral budget in the 1970's, pressure grew for people feel basically the same way." federal and state governments to increase that their staffs are overworked and under­ student assistance. staffed. Many educators said they were committed For each student who applies for assist­ ance, they say, numerous and complex appli­ to the "package" approach to financing stu­ DISADVANTAGED GROUPS, dents' education. The financial-aid pack­ cation forms must be processed. Each fed­ ages, which provided a combination of eral, state, and private program that insti­ INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS grants, loans, and work for needy students, tutions adminster requires applications and provided t he flexibility to reach a large lengthy reports. number of students with differing financial Beyond the large, undergraduate federal HON. ROBERT S. WALKER needs. programs, financial-aid offices must also OF PENNSYLVANIA juggle graduate-student fellowships, public­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Therefore, with the passage of the Edu­ health loans, athletic scholarships, alumni cation Amendments of 1972, which made Monday, October 31, 1977 major revisions in the Higher Education donations, and foundation grants. Act of 1965, new federal programs were add­ INCONSISTENT REGULATIONS Mr. WALKER. Mr. Speaker, one of the ed to the old ones. For example: Not only are financial-aid officers burdened most important rights that we, as Ameri­ A new grant program, called Basic Edu­ with the problems of getting the money for cans, possess, is the right to be judged as cational Opportunity Grants, was created to their students; they also are plagued with an individual, not as a member of some 36160 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 31, 1977 group. Nowhere is this right more im­ So we strike a balance between two basic force men and women who now struggle on portant than in the field of education, for values, and it is a crucial feature of this bal­ welfare, food stamps, Social Security, and ance that group identification should be unemployment compensation. It pushed up ii there is to be true equal opportunity in voluntary. It may be the result of pressures the wages of low-paid people .... It is an our society, admission to college and pro­ internal to the group, but it should not be especial boon to blacks, Hispanics, teen­ fessional schools must be on the basis of pressed on the individual from outside. In agers, and women. . . . A long spell of full a person's qualifications, not his race or the U.S., we don't carry identity cards. We employment would substantially narrow religion. are uneasy with every kind of racial, reli­ existing wide differentials between the earn­ In the past, this was not always the gious, and ethnic classification-even when ings of these groups and those of white case. Too often, quotas were used by our sense of solidarity is very strong. To be males." classified is to be judged as a member, not The radical strategy would involve a universities and colleges to set a limit on as a particular person. That is doubly threat­ major challenge to a kind of privilege that is the number of people from certain ethnic ening: first to individual rights and then to more im,portant than that of race and eth­ and religious backgrounds who would be the integrity of communal life. Classification nicity, the privilege of wealth. Holding 15 admitted-regardless of how many were for a purpose other than sheer description percent of available medical school places qualified. Finally, after a long struggle, implies a hierarchy of classes. So it drives open for "minorities" is, to say the least, these quotas were eliminated. American people to choose their groups, if they can, less challenging--and that is the secret be­ for reasons other than their private feelings hind the attractiveness of quotas to many students were at last judged only on the people who once would have thought 15 basis of their individual talents rather and commitments. And it penalizes them if they can't or won't make the rewarded percent much too high a figure. This is why than on racial, religious or ethnic choices. Mostly they can't and won't: racial, conservative university trustees and admin­ grounds. religious, and ethnic identities are not easily istrations find something like quotas a great Lately, however, there has been a dis­ shaken off. But the situation is no better convenience, and why liberal faculty mem­ turbing revival of these quotas in the when they can and will, for escaping, "pass­ bers generally do not. The figure, of course, name of affirmative action. Once again, ing" and even assimilation all have their own is low enough, if it is conceived as a way of humiliations. avoiding more serious measures on behalf of race is being substituted for academic (say) black teenagers, 50 percent of whom qualifications in determining who will be These are easy truths. Because American are unemployed and unlikely to be candi­ admitted to our institutions of higher pluralism is distorted by racial and economic dates for admission to medical school, or to learning. inequality, we know a great deal about the find any other road out of the deprived life. pain caused by hierarchial classification. But a full-employment strategy is not in As a sponsor of H.R. 9286, a bill to Above all, we remember the quotas and other eUminate the Federal sanction of such forms of officially sanctioned discrimination the cards, despite President Carter's cam­ of only a few decades ago, which assigned paign promises. Meanwhile quotas and other quotas, it is my belief that such racial officially sanctioned racial restrictions on bias serves only to increase racial and individuals to privileged and unprivileged groups and required that they be treated opportunity are already in force. reJJgious prejudices to the long-term differently without reference to their indi­ At the University of California Medical detriment of our free society. vidual differences. Liberals fought a good School at Davis, Allan Bakke found that he The editors of the New Republic, in a fight against these evils in the 1940s and was excluded, because of his race, from recent editorial, examined some of the 1950s, a fight they substantially won. The competing for 16 of the 100 available places. quota system dismantled in those years was These 16 places were reserved for members many problems that are caused when of minority groups, who were judged by a quotas are used to discriminate against an especially crude defense mechanism for established white and Protestant elites. separate admissions committee employing its any group. I commend this thoughtful Members of those elites did not claim that own set of standards. What are we to make analysis of the reverse discrimination Jews, Catholics, and blacks were un­ of this sort of thing? It is, first of all, the problem and suggest it is something my talented-if so, quotas would have been un­ work of well-meaning people, and it has a colleagues may wish to read: necessary-but rather that too many talented limited but laudable purpose: to increase (From the New Republic, Oct. 15, 1977] Jews, Catholics, and blacks were dangerous the number of black and Hispanic-Ameri­ cans practicing medicine, to build up the DISADVANTAGED GROUPS, INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS to the social order. They were wrong about that; the end of quotas achieved only a black and Hispanic middle class. But the The Bakke case raises hard issues and di­ modest social transformation. It opened method employed is one that was once used vides Americans in unaccustomed ways. The American society to individual advance and to uphold inequality and to ·set limits on legal issues are especially difficult and some­ ethnic assertion. It cleared the way for individual self-development, and those who times, from a layman's perspective, a little more important struggles over the distribu­ would reintroduce it carry a heavy burden of mysterious. But the issue of college and pro­ tion of wealth and power. Ironically, it is argument. There are a number of questions fessional school admissions, and of "benign" because those struggles have not in fact to which they have not yet given reassuring discrimination generally, cannot be resolved produced a new social order that quotas are answers. Not to be coy, we don't think there by jurisprudential technicalities. We have to once again an issue in American life. are any reassuring answers. Assuming that think about the character of American social The new argument for quotas has this this sort of arrangement is endorsed by the life and about the moral limits on politics as form: pluralism and individualism, it is said, Supreme Court and duplicated in other areas well as the constitutional ones. The justices are not enough. Some groups are so radically of American life: of the Supreme Court will have to do this disadvantaged, have been hurt so badly by What groups should be helped? Black too, for it is unlikely that the law will yield past oppression, that their members cannot Americans are the easiest to talk about, for any clear answer to the questions Allan develop their talents or compete successfully their ancestors endured years of slavery and Bakke has put, unless it is elucidated in its for places even in an open society. Openness radical oppression. But they are, even now, largest sense. is itself repressive; it serves to maintain the not the only newly favored group, and the Let us begin simply. The United States is status quo. A new classification is necessary, logic of the argument cannot stop with a pluralist society: multi-racial, religiously a kind of "reverse discrimination." The last them. Quotas must be numerical, and the and ethnically heterogeneous, a world of must be first, at least for a time, until they numbers are fixed with reference to demo­ group experiences. We have not melted-and have thrown off the burdens of their history. graphic proportionality. Any group that is won't. Our social life requires mutual respect There must be privileges for the oppressed: not represented among doctors, lawyers, col­ among divergent cultures. At the same time, as quotas were once used to inhibit, now they lege professors, corporation executives, air­ we are a nation of individuals. Whether we must be used to guarantee the mobility of line pilots (or, for that matter, among the disadvantaged groups. members of symphony orchestras or the accept or reject the communities from which writers for The New Republic) in strict pro­ we have sprung, we make our own way, we One reason to be wary about this argument is that it's not very likely that quotas can portion to its representation in the popula­ stand for ourselves. Our destinies are per­ tion at large can plausibly be called dis­ sonal rather than collective. Thll.t is why accomplish their putative end. The old quota system worked to keep new blood out of advantaged. And if one such group is helped, rights refer to individuals under the consti­ why not another? If there are two admis­ tution, and.not to groups. established elites; the new system might pump new blood in. But as an instrument to sions committees, why not three, or six? For A pluralist society, a nation of individuals: the moment, there are ad hoc understand­ the two are sometimes in tension, but they raise a whole community out of isolation and poverty, the quota system is unlikely to work. ings that enable us to draw the line. But also go together. It is individualism that these are virtually certain to break down makes pluralism possible. If we had no recog­ Quotas will guarantee mobility only to a small percentage of the members of disad­ once lawyers, administrators, and officials nized identities except as members of groups, from HEW get to work. every political disagreement and every per­ vantaged groups, many of whom could make it on their own. It is unlikely to improve the In any case, proportionality seems to use a sonal conflict would raise the specter of civil lot of black or Hispanic-Americans generally. sterile ideal. Isn't it strange to insist that a war. And it is pluralism that makes indi­ That would require a more far-reaching and just society requires the ex·act replication of vidualism bearable, for if men and women radical strategy, aimed above all at achieving the social hierarchy in each of its groups? stood only for themselves, without com­ and sustaining full employment in the Amer­ The values of pluralism stand in the way of munal support, they would be frighteningly ican economy. "Full employment," writes such a program. Of course pluralism does not lonely and vulnerable. Robert Lekachman, "sucks into the labor require that the Jews should all become doc- October 31, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36161 tors, Protestants become bankers, and the that the last should be pushed ahead of the by our distinguished colleague, Mr. blacks go into domestic service. But groups next-to-last. And that is a grossly unfair PICKLE. The need is dramatized in a story are different, and under egalitarian condi­ way, even if it is a typical way, of dealing tions they will generate different occupa­ with social problems. in the Daily Oklahoman of October 27. tional profiles so long as individual members Quotas simply shift injustice one notch It said: are free to make their own choices and so up the social hierarchy, leaving the basic in­ Authorities in Oklahoma were looking long as the rest of us treat them like evf!ry­ equalities of American society untouched. Wednesday for a missing truck loaded with one else. And they reintroduce racial and ethnic classi­ 15,000 pounds of military small arms ammu­ How shall group membership be defined fications that are certain to intensify and nition that was to have passed through the and enforced? If there are advantages to be exacerbate the experience of inequality. They state but is more than a day overdue at its had in this or that racial or ethnic classifica­ are more likely to foster than to overcome Texas d·estination. tion, then ambitious men and women will resentment-in part because they make re­ L::~.w enforcement officials said the cargo seek to be appropriately classified. Quotas sentment a plausible, even justifiable emo­ is on a semi trailer truck and is enough "to invite deception, and then they invite ad­ tion. start a small war." ministrative checks on deception. This sort of This is the point on which the Supreme thing is new in the U.S. In general, we allow Court should focus its attention. For Allan The story continues to explain that the individuals to label themselves. Census tak­ Bakke's claim is precisely that he has been truck was operated by the United Agri­ ers, for example, are instructed not to chal­ victimized because of his race. His claim isn't cultural Transportation Association of lenge anyone's ethnic self-identification. But that he has a right, or that anyone does, to America Marketing Co-op of Lynwood, already there are signs of change. In San be admitted to medical school (though ad­ Calif.. and Ennis, Tex. Francisco, according to an article in the Vil­ mission is the remedy he seeks). but rather This brings up two problems, besides lage Voice of August 8, " 53 officers calling that he has a right to be considered for ad­ renewing the urgency of enactment of themselves American Indians were sum­ mission as an individual, on the basis of his the Cargo Security Act. moned before the Equal Opportunity Com­ own qualifications. No doubt, universities mission and asked to prove their claim. All 53 and professional schools apply many criteria First, the use of nonregulated co-op were reclassified as white." This new style in in the admissions process. And in our plu­ truckers for hauling this Government "passing" is comic enough, though it is easy ralist society, these criteria will have a dif­ cargo is already illegal. Yet, we find the to imagine more disturbing cases. In Massa­ ferential impact on different groups. But it DOD is using this unregulated carrier to chusetts, the Division of Personnel ruled, ap­ is critical to the success of a liberal pluralism transport ammunition and explosives. parently on the basis of a "visual inspection," that group membership itself is not among The Daily Oklahoman story points up that a police officer who claimed to be black the permissible criteria of inclusion and the disastrous nature of using these car­ actually was white. How could its officials be exclusion. sure? If there are to be official advantages This argument against quotas applies, un­ riers. For years, the Interstate Commerce dispensed on the basis of race, the official fortunately, to much of the effort that goes Commission has fought these illegal car­ dispensers will have to find ways of making under the name of "affirmative action." Too riers while the Department of Defense sure who qualifies, because the right of self­ often the difficult task of penerating the en­ was using their services. Last year, DOD identification quickly would make a quota crustations of past disadvantage in order to assured me that it had quit using illegal system unworkable. How will they do it? treat a candidate on his or her true merits co-ops and was channeling the delicate How much help is called for? It isn't al­ is abandoned in favor of a simpleminded fa­ business of explosives' transportation to ways a kindness to admit students to schools voritism applied on the basis of race or sex. qualified, certified carriers. ICC officials, whose normal standards they cannot meet. Any system that confers advantage on the who feared and fought co-ops, claimed a This problem 1s not much talked about unadorned basis of group membership­ openly in our educational institutions, but it even if the particular individual has suffered victory. is already there, and festering. It is especially none of the disadvantages for which the Second, the DOD then strongly sup­ cruel to the large numbers of officially disad­ group is supposed to be compensated-is fa­ ported an application by four certified vantaged Americans who can meet the nor­ tally flawed whether or not it features fixed carriers who wanted to haul weapons mal standards to brand then as if they can't. numerical quotas. and ammunition on irregular routes, Their genuine achievements may not be rec­ But affirmative action need not be so sim­ which helps on both security and ognized by their peers and perhaps not even pleminded; and of course often it isn't. economy. by themselves. There will be problems of There are many ways of reaching out to the For months, the ICC-the same agency morale. There will be unnecessary dropouts. members of disadvantaged groups that are And at the end of the road, there will be too not only unobjectionable but positively called of Government which damned DOD for many low scores on medical boards, bar for in a society with a history of economic using co-ops-has refused to act on the exams, civil service exams, etc. And then, and racial oppression. The purpose of affirm­ authority requested so that regulated predictably, it will be said that the tests have ative action is not and cannot be to guar­ carriers can handle the shipments prop­ to be changed to make sure that the right antee advancement for the members of a erly. An ICC hearing judge even issued numbers of the right people pass them. In­ particular group. Its purpose is to break an opinion opposing the authority­ deed, standards for admission to this or that down the patterns of prejudice and discrim­ which the Justice Department, has profession are no more absolute than stand­ ination that once went along with and often blasted. ards for admission to this or that profes­ have outlasted the old official discrimina­ sional school. They can be fiddled with. They, tion; to make sure that talented individuals, Mr. Speaker, the incident of the miss­ too, have been fiddled with in the past. Why from every social group, have a chance to ing truckload of small arms and ammu­ not, as with admissions committees, have two shine. Admissions officers must look for per­ nition shows that this kind of bureau­ medical boards? Or two bar exams? There are sonal strength-pride, energy, enterprise, cratic ineptness by the ICC and the no easy answers to questions like these, once compassion-with the understanding that DOD's move back to illegal co-op car­ one has started down the road to racial these qualities are differently expressed in riers is serious business which threatens preference. different cultures, and tested far more harsh­ And finally the toughest question of all: ly in some parts of our society than in the lives and welfare of the people. At whose expense is help to be given? Quotas others. But personal strength, by definition, If the American people have doubts always impose costs: if places are held for is an individual trait, not a group trait. It about their Government, they have good one group of people, members of other groups cannot be recognized unless all members of cause. If the American people have rea­ are necessarily excluded from them, or rather all groups are treated as individuals. It is sons to fear the effectiveness of their individuals have been excluded because they difficult to do that, with any degree of fair­ Government, they have good reasons. happen not to be members of the group with ness, in an inegalitarian society. But that is newly ascribed privtleges. More generally, if what doing justice requires. Beyond that, it Occasionally, the story hits the press. ono group is given an official advantage, all still remains to create a society where plural­ But, in the agencies, departments, and others necessarily suffer a disadvantage. The ism is undistorted by hierarchy and where commissions of Washington, there are system can hardly be designed so that only justice is easier to do. answers which demand courage and "oppressors" are excluded, as if we know who action. This is a good example. the oppressors are. The fate of young men and women is at stake, and they are classified THE CARGO SECURITY ACT according to their racial or ethnic identity, FINANCIAL AID FOR COLLEGE not according to their moral conduct. In fact, STUDENTS under present circumstances, it is the mar­ Hon. Theodore M. (Ted) Risenhoover ginal candidat es among white applicaruts who OF OKLAHOMA will lose out. And if it is true (or partly true) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER that academic marginality connects with so­ OF NEW YORK Monday, October 31, 1977 cial disadvantage, then it is the "white IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ethnics" who will lose out. Among the de­ Mr. RISENHOOVER. Mr. Speaker, the prived of this country, white people still pre­ problem of cargo security is a deep con­ Monday, October 31, 1977 dominate. The real meaning of racial prefer­ cern of mine and prompted me to co­ Mr. OTI'INGER. Mr. Speaker, today, ence is not that the last should be first, but sponsor the Cargo Security Act proposed I am inserting in the RECORD the remain- 36162 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 3·1, 1977 ing article from Sylvia Porter's recent possibil.ities warrant your pursuing further. least half-time can qualify; repayment and series on financial aid for college 7. And finally, your geographic location interest (3 percent a year) don't begin until alone might get you a scholarship. If, for in­ nine months after you stop your studies. All students: stance, you're a graduate of a Colorado high or part of your loan may be canceled if you YOUR MONEY'S WORTH-UNUSUAL SoURCES school, the Gates Foundation may be able to enter certain fields or the military. OFFER COLLEGE AID help you. If you live near a Green Giant food 5. Guaranteed Student Loan Prograxns (By Sylvia Porter) processing plant, check on programs spon­ (GSLP) and Federally Insured Student Loans The number of young Americans whose sored by the Green Giant Foundation. If (FISL): The U.S. government guarantees families (and whose own earnings) can you're a woman attending school in South­ loans to students attending college at least finance a higher education without outside western Michigan, you may be able to win a half-time. Some states demand that students financial aid is shrinking steadily as costs scholarship from the Phillip Morris Scholar­ attend full-time to be eligible for state loan soar year after year. But there are sources ship Fund, 100 Park Ave., New York, N.Y. guarantees. of help, both from private and public sec­ 10017. Students at vocational, trade, etc., schools tors of our society-many of which you easily also are eligible. The money, up to $2,500 a may overlook. CHECK AT COLLEGE ABOUT FEDERAL AID year or $7,500 total for undergraduates, is loaned by private lending institutions. If you Several little-known or generally under­ (By Sylvia Porter) estimated sources of private aid follow in need to borrow more than $2,000 or if your addition to yesterday's list: A vast amount of financial aid for college family's adjusted income is more than 1. If you're a member of a labor union costs, no matter what its source, ls awarded $25,000, your need must be verified by the col­ and have a child needing financial aid, check through colleges. So the financial aid director lege financial aid director. Your repayment at your labor union's local office. at the school you want to attend is probably a maximum 7 percent loan interest begins 2. If you work for a corporation, find out the best single source of information about nine to 12 months after you leave school. from its personnel office whether your com­ available aid and application requirements. Repayment can be deferred if you join the pany offers scholarships to children of em­ Start by asking the college aid administra­ Peace Corps, the military, or continue your ployes. Ask corporations in your area and tion about the application process. You'll find studies. others identified in financial aid guides vital basic facts in "The College Handbook," In addition, you can qualify for Social Se­ whether they also award scholarships to a directory of over 2,000 two- and four-year curity benefits if your parents are deceased, students who have no connection with the colleges, available for $8.95 from the College disabled or retired, and if you are unmarried, company. The number of corporations doing Board Publication Orders, Box 2815, Prince­ a full-time student, and under 22. Last year, this may be a pleasant surprise to you. ton, N.J., 08540. 800,000 students did qualify. Get details from 3. Check civic and fraternal organizations Major federal government programs­ your nearest Social Security office. for those sponsoring scholarships. They largest and broadest aid programs of all, of­ And finally, the GI Bill, although termi­ range from American Legion posts or auxil­ fering more than $3 billion in aid in 1977 nated in 1976, is still providing veterans with alone-are outlined in a fact sheet, called iary units to the Elks, Lions, Masons, Parent­ limited benefits to go to school. Contact your Teacher Associations, and Daughters of the "Five Federal Financial Aid Programs." It's local Veterans Administration office. American Revolution. In most cases, scholar­ free from the U.S. Office of Education, Room 1069, 400 Maryland Ave., SW, Washington, ships are for children of members or those STATES AND COLLEGES OFFER STUDENT LOANS D.C. 20202. living in the community in which the orga­ AND GRANTS 1. Basic Educational Opportunity Grants nization is located. Investigate each source, (By Sylvia Porter) however. In some instances, the children of (BEOG) : A full $1.7 billion will be available If you're not eligible for aid through fed­ members are the ones not eligible for awards. to more than a million students under BEOG this year. A Basic Grant is awarded directly eral programs, you may be able to get help 4. If you're a member of a minority cate­ to your child for use at any college. Eligibility from your state or special college programs­ gory, you often can get help from national depends on your family's financial circum­ assuming you can prove your need. Have your organizations that offer scholarships and/or stances. but what you receive depends on child pick up a Financial Aid Form from the special counseling and referral srevices. the cost of the college chosen, with grants school counselor and obey all deadlines. State Among them are: Aspira Educational averaging $900 and running as high as $1,600 prograxns offer more than $600 million in Opportunity Center, 214 West 14th St., New a year, or half the total cost of attendance, grants and many loan opportunities for resi­ York, N.Y. 10011 (Puerto Rican); Bureau of whichever is less. dents. Indian Affairs, Higher Education Program, Freshmen to seniors who are half- or full­ 1. The State Student Incentive Grant pro­ Box 8327, Albuquerque, N.M.. 87108; League time college students are eligibile and stu­ gram ( SSIG) : Via which the U.S. government of United Latia Citizens, National Education dents at private, vocational and technical matches the state's grants to students. SSIG Service Centers, 400 1st NW, Washington, schools or who have high school equivalen­ has been a vital program since '72. This year D.C. 20001; National Association for the cies are eligible, too. for the first time, all 50 states will share $60 Advancement of Colored People, 1790 Broad­ You're almost sure to qualify if your fam­ million appropriated, up $16 million over '76. way, New York, N.Y. 10019; National Urban ily's before-tax income is less than $13,000 The average grant is $500, the maximum League, 55 E. 52nd St., New York, N.Y. 10022. a year, but apply even if it's somewhat high­ through SSIG is $1,500 a year. Check your 5. If you are a woman, you, too, have a er, especially if yours is a large family. E;cholarship agency in the state capital on few options in addition to the usual sources You can now use a single form to deter­ such questions as: Can part-time and half­ of student aid. Just since last year, athletic mine your eligibility for this and other forms time students get awards, too? Can awards scholarships for women have soared 67 per­ of aid. When you fill out the Financial Aid be used only at private colleges, public col­ cent, with colleges and universities now Form (FAF) as part of your application, leges, or both? Can grants be used at out-of­ offering more than $7 million for this pur­ check the appropriate "yes" box for a Basic state colleges? When is the deadline for ap­ pose alone! The Business & Professional Grant. Call toll free (800) 638-8700 for more plications? What are the requirements? Women's Foundation in Washington, D.C., facts about Basic Grants. 1. College prograxns: Many have their own has pro;rams for women only, such as the 2. Supplemental Educational Opportunity financial aid funds they give as part of their $50,000 Clairol Loving Care Scholarship Pro­ Grants (SEOG): This program has $250 mil­ financial aid packages of grants, loans, and gram. Clairol awards grants up to $1,000 for lion this year for needy students. Awards jobs. Expensive colleges usually have more full-time and half-time women students over range from $200 to $1,500 a year up to $4,000 money than lower cost ones, so in the end, 30 years old. The Helena Rubenstein Founda­ for a four-year and $5,000 for a five-year pro­ the high-cost school may not be so high. tion awards grants, but gives them to colleges gram. The grant may not exceed one-half the 3. Cooperation Education: This complete and universities. Then the schools themselves total cost of college, nor one-half the aid pro­ educational plan includes career-related select the women deemed worthy of receiving vided. Colleges match the SEOG amount with the awards. work as part of your curriculum. More than grants from their own funds, loans and/ or 1,000 colleges the nation over offer prograxns You can get more details on opportunities jobs. Get more details from the college finan­ under which you alternate each semester or for minorities and women from "Selected cial aid director. quarter between full-time study and full­ List of Post-secondary Education Opportuni­ 3. College-Work Study: This program pro­ time work. Or the entire student body may ties for Minorities and Women." The booklet vides summer and part-time jobs for stu­ take an annual leave to work for six to eight is free, is available from Carol Smith, Depart­ dents as part of the aid package. By working weeks. ment of Health, Education and Welfare, 15 hours a week while attending classes, or Office of Education, Regional Office Building At a few schools, nearly all students are in more during breaks and summer, your child cooperative education programs. For in­ 3, Room 4092, Washington, D.C. 20202. can earn about $600 a year. stance, Antioch College in Yellow Springs, 6. Perhaps your own family ancestry is 4. National Direct Student Loans: Al­ Ohio; Northeastern, Boston, Mass.; Univer­ your key to financial assistance for a higher though administered at colleges, 90 percent Rity of Cincinnati, Ohio; Drexel University, education. Check the ethnic organizations of NDSL money comes from the U.S. govern­ Philadelphia, Pa.; La Guardia Community that would be appropriate for you to contact. ment. Financial aid directors determine who College, Long Island City, N.Y.; General Japanese students may be eligible for an is eligible and amounts to be loaned, up to a Motors Institute, Flint, Mich. Working in a award from the Japanese American Citizens maximum of $2,500 for students in the first field directly related to your course of study League; Greeks, from the Daughters o! two years and a total of $5,000 for a B.A. is a superb way to get practical experience Penelope; Armenians, from the Armenian degree. Graduate or professional students can and ease your way into a better-than-ordi­ General Benevolent Un:ion of America.. The borrow up to $10,000. Students enrolled at nary job for a beginner in the future! October 31, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36163 For a free copy of "Undergraduate Pro­ He was promoted to the position of bill. I commend this excellent letter to grams of Cooperative Education in the U.S. director of development, management, and Canada," write to National Commission the attention of my colleagues: for Cooperative Education, 360 Huntington and maintenance operations in 1958. Hon. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL, Ave., Boston, Mass. 02155. During World War II, Mr. Amedia House of Representatives, Chairman, Com­ 4. Loans by colleges: Colleges also may be served his country with distinction. He merce, Consumer, and Monetary Affairs able to offer you long-term loans at low in­ joined the U.S. Air Force, and served in Subcommittee of the Committee on Gov­ terest rates and with tolerable repayment the Far East. His continually successful ernmen_t f!perations, Rayburn House Of­ schedules, though the amount of the loan fice Butldtng, Room B-377, Washington, combat missions won him several mili­ D.C. may be much less than from other sources. tary honors, including the Distinguished The loans can be short-term, too, or can DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: It is reassuring to take the form of postponed or deferred tui­ Flying Cross on two occasions. He re­ know that some of the opponents of the tion. Interest rates generally compare favor­ mained in the Air Force until 1974, when Agency for Consumer Protection consider ably with rates charged by others; repayment he retired with the rank of full colonel. President Carter's regulatory appointments so after graduation may be geared to your A strong sense of civic pride has led exemplary as to remove any need for an income. Check directly with the college aid Mr. Amedia to take an active interest in agency for consumer protection. director about these loans and other special community affairs. He is former presi­ We think their arguments miss the point. payment plans. dent of the Youngstown Rotary Club, As regula tors committed to the fair enforce­ 5. Other Loan Sources: If you qualify un­ ment of the laws which Congress and the der none of these, you might try such sources and was chairman of the Youngstown President entrusted to us, we need the benefit of loans as civic or religious organizations Bicentennial Parade and Bicentennial of enhanced consumer interest advocacy so credit unions, banks, insurance companies, Commission in 1976. In addition, Mr. that we can best inform our own decision­ and last, finance companies. Before you turn Amedia has served on the boards of the making. We are decisionmakers and inter­ to a commercial lender, where rates are Youngstown Area Community Action preters of the law and these functions are usually highest, check your local civic and Council, the Easter Seal Society, and performed best when the vigorous and skill­ religious organizations, consult the high the Society for the Blind. As past presi­ fully prepared advocacy of the business in­ school guidance counselm·, community cen­ dent of the Mahoning County Project on terests affected by our decisions is balanced ter, church, similar sources, and whatever Aging, he has encouraged the YMHA to by facts supplied and arguments raised loan your child assumes, get the answers to: through competent and informed advocacy What is the simple interest rate on your develop housing projects for the elderly. on behalf of consumer interests. loan--or how much will you be paying back, In recognition of Mr. Amedia's able Each day we are beseiged by the pleadings principal plus interests? leadership of YMHA and his other con­ of the special economic interests affected by What extra charges are involved? tributions to our community, he was our decisions. Through oral presentations, How long do you have to repay your loan given the Distinguished Alumnus Award submission of pleadings, formal and infor­ and what will your monthly payments be? by Youngstown State University, where mal communications, each regulator is pre­ When do your payments begin? sented with a vision of the world as seen Can you terminate the loan before your he received his bachelor of science de­ through the eyes of business interests. Since contract expires? How much notice must you grees in business administration and our decisions may well affect their liveli­ give? Are there any penalties for this? education. He has been named "Ambas­ hoods_. it is entirely appropriate that busi­ Does the loan contract contain a " balloon sador of the Year" by the Youngstown ness mterests be afforded their day before clause" under which a larger payment than Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Amedia's the regulators. the rest is tacked on at the end? ability to administer YMHA programs Yet we know from past sad experience that Does the contract includ ·~ a clause pro­ was further recognized when he received even the best intentioned regulator can be viding for "wage assignments" or "garnish­ the Columbus Day Award for outstand­ v.:orn down by the sheer weight and one­ ing," under which the lender can ask your ing achievements in the field of com­ Sldedness of such pleadings without the employer to take out a specified sum from munity housing development. presentation of countervailing facts and the your monthly earnings and send it to the vigorous advocacy of countervailing views. lender if you default on your loan? Turn Mr. Speaker, Chester A. Amedia has No one is suggesting that the opportunity down any contract that contains such a been an excellent administrator of the for b~siness to be heard can or ought to be clause. Youngstown Metropolitan Housing Au­ curtailed. But affording the same opportunity Are there any other restrictions on the thority, and a leader in making Youngs­ to_ an advocate for consumer interests is dis­ loan? town a better place to live. On behalf of missed as a radical innovation. my constituents, I want to extend IllY Ea.ch of us will have to live with the Agency appreciation to Mr. Amedia for his for Consumer Protection. We hope to be able TRIBUTE TO CHESTER A. AMEDIA many contributions to our community. to draw upon it for information relating to OF YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO ~he interests of consumers, and benefit from He will be missed, but I am sure that he 1ts argumentation in testing the truth and will always respond to calls by the com­ probity of representations made to us by HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY munity for his services, counsel, and ex­ b~siness representatives. Each of us recog­ OF OHIO pertise. We all wish him many years of mzes that there will be times when the ACP good health, happiness, and success. will be critical of our own performance, will ­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES c~allenge the allocation of our priorities and Monday, October 31, 1977 w1sdom of our decisions-even the quality of Mr. CARNEY. Mr. Speaker, Mr. ARGUMENT FOR CONSUMER our commitment to the public interest. PROTECTION AGENCY Our decisions may be challenged; but we Chester A. Amedia is retiring from his know that decisionmaking in the public in­ position as executive director of the terest requires the vigorous clash of com­ Youngstown Metropolitan Housing Au­ HON. BOB ECKHARDT peting perspectives. As non-elected officials, thority today. I would like to take a few OF TEXAS ~e must be held accountable to the public minutes to pay tribute to this outstand­ mterest-and vigorous, informed public de­ ing citizen of my congressional district. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bate is one of the healthiest methods ot as­ Since he became executive director in Monday, October 31, 1977 suring such accountability. 1961, Mr. Amedia has directed the And so, while we may not learn to love it, Mr. ECKHARDT. Mr. Speaker, during we support the ACP and would welcome its YMHA through a period of growth and the debate on the Consumer Protection participation in our regulatory decision­ increasing responsibility to our com­ Agency, we have often heard that it making. munity. The authority has grown from should be the job of the regulatory agen­ Sincerely yours, 2 housing developments to 11 housing cies to represent the consumers. How­ Michael Pertschuk, FTC, Chairman; Dan developments, comprising 2,153 housing ever, this viewpoint misunderstands the O'Neil, ICC, Chairman; Joseph R. units. This expansion has led to new function of these agencies. They are de­ Fogarty, FCC, Commissioner; Joan initiatives in housing for the elderly cisionmakers and interpreters of the law Claybrook, NHTSA, Administrator; and handicapped. Five new housing and they can perform these functions Daniel E. Leach, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Commis­ projects are presently in their planning well only when they are presented with sioner; Eula Bingham, OSHA, Assis­ stages. competent advocacy on all sides of an tant Secretary; Sidney Harmon, Com­ Mr. Amedia began his more than 27- issue. merce Department, Undersecretary; year association with the Youngstown The following letter from a number of Richard Frank, NOAA, Commissioner; Metropolitan Housing Authority while regulators recognizes this proposition Robert Hunter, HUD Federal Insur­ he was attending college. In 1950, he be­ and makes a strong argument for adop­ ance Administration. Administrator; came superintendent of maintenance. Donald Kennedy, FDA, Commissioner; tion of the Consumer Protection Agency and David Pittle, CPSC, Commissioner. 36164 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 31, 1977 THE 125TH ANNIVERSARY OF LAW ney in Santa Barbara," recalled Postel, a moval of Santa Ynez water to Santa Barbara healthy and robust 85 years old, as he relaxed and Montecito, where it would be stored in FIRM in his sunny office. Gibraltar Dam. Although now retired from the active prac­ After the completion of Juncal Dam in tice of law, Postel spends three days a week 1928, a similar suit was filed by more than HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO in the firm's quarters overlooking the city. 100 Santa Ynez Valley property owners OF CALIFORNIA "He advised me to seek admission to the headed by the legendary Gin Chow, famous IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bar immediately. In those days the exami­ Chinese weather prophet of Lompoc. From nation consisted of a series of oral questions then on, it was known as the Gin Chow case. Monday, October 31, 1977 on the law posed by a panel of three appel­ The city was represented by Price and Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I late court judges. Percy Heckendorf, his associate in the firm would like to bring to the attention of "Looking back on it now, I have no regrets of Heaney, Price and Postel, and by W. G. my colleagues the fact that the law firm about accepting Heaney's invitation. But I Irving of Riverside, noted specialist in water sometimes regret not finishing law school to litigation. of Price, Postel, & Parma, is celebrating the point of graduation," the senior mem­ Hundreds of witnesses were called during its 125th anniversary and is one of the oer of one of the top law firms on the West the six months of trial. Records, maps and oldest firms west of the Mississippi River. Coast commented wistfully. photographs, which made up the more than The following article appeared in the As a new and thoroughly inexperienced 250 exhibits, weighed more than one ton. Santa Barbara News Press, October 17, attorney, Postel was paid the "munificent" The trial transcript covered 10,000 pages. 1977: sum of $150 per month. Airplane photographic surveys were sub­ "Of course, $150 was worth more in those mitted as evidence for the first time in a 125-YEAR-OLD LAW PRACTICE HAS FIRM days than at any time since," he said. "Be­ PLACE IN COMMUNITY California court. sides, I don't think the partners could pay An overly simple statement of the legal (By Marilyn McMahon) much more than that, as World War I was issue facing the court was that the suit Although the present members of the firm taking its toll on the community." placed in question the right of the city of of Price, Postel and Parma can claim the (Both Heaney and Postel interrupted thelr Santa Barbara and of Montecito to attempt distinction of practicing in one of the oldest practices to join the renowned Sant~ Bar­ to capture and utilize surplus waters which law firms west of the Mississippi and certain­ bara military unit known as the Gnzzlies. would otherwise How into the Pacific Ocean. ly the first in the state, they are celebrating Postel recalled that the unit was "trained Judge Frank Collier of Los Angeles, whn their 125th anniversary in much the same with broomsticks in a field near San Fran­ heard the case, found that, indeed, they did, cisco" until it was shipped to France. Before way they have always conducted their busi­ a decision reaffirmed by the California Su­ returning to Santa Barbara in 1919, he preme Court in a 39 page decision issued ness-with quiet dignity. studied international law at the Sorbonne in April 3, 1933. The firm's long history of uninterrupted Paris.) The impact of the victory for Santa Bar­ practice began when Charles Fernald estab­ During his 60 years of practice, Postel, bara and Montecito was not lost on the local lished his law office in Santa Barbara nine the senior member of the local bar, can re­ or national press. Locally, the financial bene­ years before the start oi the Civil War. member countless nights when he and his fit to the city was enormous. Had the Santa Lured by the Gold Rush of 1849, Fernald, associates went without sleep preparing for Ynez interests prevailed, the only alterna­ a native of North Berwick, Maine, left his a court appearance or writing a brief. tive to the south coast communities would law studies and came to California. The "en­ To break the tedium or to celebrate legal have been to share in the massive Boulder chantment" of prospecting soon wore off, and conquests, there were occasional trips to the Dam project with Los Angeles and other he resumed his legal education in San office library, where the most popular book areas to the south. Francisco. was a tome titled, "California Reports, Vol­ An article in the New York Times pointed In 1852, on his way back to the East Coast, ume 35." Carefully placed behind it was a out that the decision opened the way for Fernald stopped in Santa Barbara and im­ bottle of expensive bourbon. the development of California's comprehen­ mediately was taken with the sleepy little Harold A. Parma, who was born in Santa sive water plan. community. Not much effort was necessary Barbara and is nearing his 50th year as a The current eruptions of violence involv­ to persuade him to remain and help with law member of the firm, recalls that handball ing the Hop Sing tong in San Francisco's enforcement. Eventually he was named a was more frequently used to relax at the Chinatown stirs a feeling of deja vu for Miss county judge by the governor of California. end of a long day. The firm built a gym­ Marian Jones, who came to Heaney, Price nasium in its Canon Perdido Street office, Judge Fernald and his family set the pat­ and Postel as a file clerk in 1924 and retired complete with shower facilities and, of in 1972 as office manager of Price, Postel and tern for community involvement among the course, a telephone. firm's partners which continues to the pre­ Parma. Heaney was also responsible for attracting "It was while the firm was occupying offices sent time. His wife, the former Hannah Hobbs to the firm, Francis Price Sr., a dynamo who of North Berwick, was the founder of Trinity at 26 E. Carrillo St. that a tong war broke played a dominant role in legal, civic and out in Santa Barbara in July, 1926," said Episcopal Chu:rch, and one of their five social circles. Price joined the firm in Jan­ Miss Jones, whose alert recollections and trirn children, Reginald, was publisher of the uary, 1918, and practiced until just before figure in a pantsuit belie her 80-plus years. Morning Press newspaper. his death in April1965. "I can remember hearing the shots which The Fernald name remains prominent in His father, a judge, died when Price was were a block away." Santa Barbara history. Their home, a show­ 10 years old, and the young Price worked his Gin Han, American born Chinese merchant place when it was located at 422 Santa Bar­ way through school, getting up at 3 a.m. to a.nd member of the Hop Sing tong, was rid­ bra St., has been moved to 412 W. Montecito do janitorial work so he could play on the dled with 10 bullets in front of 23 E. Canon St., where it and the Trussell-Winchester high school rugby team. Perdido St., in the heart of Santa Barbara'S Adobe are now historical landmarks. While at Stanford University, his sched­ Chinatown. In 1867 Fernald was joined in his burgeon­ ule was so grueling-he mowed lawns, clean­ The alleged murderer was Gin Bing Fu. ing practice by another Easterner, Jarrett T. ed porches, waited on tables and acted as a member of the Bing Kong tong. (Termed Richards who came to California because of houseman at a dormitory-that one of the "benevolent societies" by the Chinese and "failing health." psychology professors used him as a human chiefly known to others through their wars, guinea pig in a study to determine effects Ironically, he survived 53 more years, and tongs originally were formed to protect Chi­ be.:'ore he died from blood poisoning in an of fatigue. nese lotteries and Chinese in the lottery injured foot at the age of 77, he was active After graduating, and despite his demand­ business.) in the courts, politics, civic and club life. ing law practice, Price was also active in After the murder. the first of its kind in the Santa Barbara Foundation, Santa Bar­ Besides serving as ma.yor of Santa Bar­ Santa Barbara, Chinatown's streets remained bara Historical Society, Old Spanish Days, deserted, doors barred and windows covered. bara, he was founder oJ the exclusive Santa Cottage Hospital, the Old Mission, Commu­ Barbara Club, and was its president for 15 Only those Chinese who belonged to no tong nity Chest, Santa Barbara Board of Educa­ ventured outdoors. y•ears. He was also first grand knight of the tion, St. V.incent's Orphanage and Knapp Santa Barbara Knights of Columbus. College of Nursing. It was the first case in California jurispru­ A member of the local bar association for During its colorful legal history, the firm dence where occidentals were heloed in a 52 years, Richards was the one constant dur­ has represented numerous prominent murder prosecution of an oriental by coun­ ing the period from 1867-1920 as the firm clients-Milo M. Potter, Frederick Forrest trymen of the latter-tongmen preferred to name changed with the addition of partners Peabody and Maj. Max C. Fleischmann, to settle matters their own way. such as Edmond G. Hammersly, Charles F. Atwell Westwick of Heaney, Price and Carrier and John William Heaney. name a few. But the single most famous case was the ·Gin Chow dispute between the Postel represented the Hoo Sin ~ s. and W. P. It was Heaney who persuaded his longtime city of Santa Barbara and Santa Ynez Valley Butcher was attorney for the Bing Kongs. friend, A. C. Postel, to leave his law studies ranchers over surolus water from the Santa (Both later became Superior Court judges, at Hastings College of the Law in San Fran­ Ynez watershed. • as did Heckendorf.) cisco and join the firm in 1916. In 1924, F. W. Matthiessen, owner of the Grand jury hearings lasted two and a half "Jack told me that there was an excep­ great San Marcos Ranch, filed a suit seeking days, during which 14 Bing Kong tongmen tional opportunity for an ambitious attar- an injunction to prevent any further re- stood near the door under police guard, while October 31, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36165 silt Hop Sings with special guard congregated conducting yet another massive undercover agencies banding together under Law En­ on the lawn 100 yards away. Because of lack operation that attracted scores of criminal ,forcement Assistance Administration grants of evidence, no indictment was returned. suspects who were conned into selling stolen to lure unwitting criminals into locations A month later bullets flew again when property and drugs to undercover police where they committed crimes that were three members of the Los Angeles Bing Kong officers. secretly videotaped. tong were jailed for at tempted murder of In the fourth such operation in 18 months, The first Sting, which resulted in nearly Yu Moon. a Hop Sing, as he drove his car on undercover agents cruised the city in an 160 prosecutions, operated out of a North­ East De la Guerra Street near the police sta­ ice cream truck and deli very vans and on east Washington warehouse not far from tion, which was then in City Hall. mot orcycles, purchasing what law enforce­ the one of TRICONN's offices. Yu fired back, as did two motorcycle po­ ment officials said was more than $1 million Next came G.Y.A.-the initials stood for licemen on their way back to the station. A in stolen goods and $60,000 in illegal drugs. "Got Ya Again"-which was unveiled on total of 30 wild bullets were fired. Amazingly, As in previous operations, each transaction July 6, 1978, and resulted in 140 arrest war­ the only injury was to a woman who had was taped by the undercover officers. rants. It was run largely by black undercover her ankle grazed while sitting in front of Aimed at locating and arresting fences officers who used an auto parts store in the her husband's store at the corner of De la who traffic in stolen goods and pushers who Shaw area as a front for their fake fencing Guerra and Anacapa Streets. peddle narcotics, the latest operation, which operation. Also vivid in Miss Jones' memory is the was known as TRICONN, resulted in ap­ The third operation was unveiled on day the big earthquake hit on a foggy morn­ proximately 125 arrest warrants that were Feb. 26, 1977, and dubbed "Highroller" be­ ing in June, 1925. being served yesterday in the metropolitan cause the police operatives were headquar­ "Our offices on the seventh floor of the Washington area. Sixty-seven persons had tered in a plush suite in the Shoreham Granada Building were a shambles, and the been arrested by early this morning, police Americana Hotel. Although only about 15 building was badly damaged. I walked up the said. persons were charged in connection with the stairs because the elevator was out of order," Among those caught up in the undercover expensive Highroller operation, its customers she said. operation were two D.C. jail guards who were self-described, high-level professional Out of the debris she and other members were charged with robbing two of the under­ thieves who bragged of connections with of the staff salvaged a set of code books, a cover officers during a transaction; a sus­ organized crime. typewriter and a notary seal; added a card pect in a $30,000 jewelry robbery in Wilming­ Meanwhile, TRICONN had been secretly table, chairs and beach umbrella; and several ton, N.C.; the alleged Washington manufac­ ?perating since the summer of 1976. It got hours later, the firm was serving its clients turer of high-profit bootleg musical tapes; 1ts name because it was the third operation on the lawn of the Lobero Theater at the persons who sold new cars they had stolen directed by a special unit of the Metropol­ corner of Anacapa and East Canon Perdido from showrooms; a postal worker who sold itan Police Department, while Highroller Streets. checks he had stolen from the mail, and a had not been directed by that same unit. The bulging scrapbooks and other me­ barber who was charged with selling large TRICONN also had its fixed bases of op­ mentos of the past kept by this prestigious quantities of drugs in his Benning Road eration-a warehouse known as Delaney En­ firm over the past 125 years reflect more than NE. barbershop. terprises at 1810 Edwin St. NW, where prop­ the record of a law practice. They also mir­ Although law enforcement's top officials erty was stored, and an office at 6527 Chil­ ror much of the community's history. here publicly praised the operation as a re­ lu~ Pl. NW-in addition to the roving 35 sounding success at the now-shndard press vehicles that were used to pick up merchan­ conference called at the end of the opera­ dise from thieves who were too wary to tion, numerous sources involved in TRI­ come to a fixed location. COMMENDS WORK OF LAW CONN said the results were far less than ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS Cullinane said he believed the use of the expected for an operation that lasted 14 vehicles "eliminated the last sanctuary" of months and cost about $200,000 in federal thieves who thought they could avoid detec­ HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI grant money plus large amounts of police tion as long as they stayed out of warehouses overhead costs. that might be police operations. OF KENTUCKY The $1 million property values, for ex­ "They might as well smile when they're IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ample, is based on the estimated original violating the law," Cullinane said, adding retail value of the goods purchased instead Monday, October 31, 1977 that he believes criminals now have no way of their street value, these sources said. of avoiding police surveillance. Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I would In addition, every stolen credit card was One of the most successful vehicles used, like to take this opportunity to commend automatically valued at $500 in an attempt according to Cullinane and others, was the the recent work of law enforcement offi­ to inflate the total value of items recovered, fully stocked ice-cream truck that the chief they added. said sold ice cream to children at a profit cials in the District of Columbia and Also, despite claims by top law enforce­ in Louisville. while at the same time dealing with thieves. ment officials that many of those charged As in previous operations, undercover offi­ The District of Columbia Metropolitan with selling drugs were "mid-level drug push­ cers working on TRICONN became involved Police and FBI officials recently con­ ers," other law enforcement sources made it in numerous unusual transactions during cluded another massive undercover in­ clear that most of the 50 persons charged their 14 months of dealings with Washing­ vestigation which resulted in the recov­ with drug offenses were actually street-level ton's underworld. ery of more than $1 million in stolen addicts who sold drugs to support their own Among the incidents recounted yesterday goods and $60,000 in illegal drugs. habits. by police officials were: A similar undercover operation was These sources added that the emphasis The presentation of a letter to an under­ was shifted to drug cases and gun possession cover TRICONN officer from a group of recently concluded by law enforcement cases in the last few months of the operation friendly narcotics dealers, introducing the officers in my hometown of Louisville in an attempt to boost TRICONN's arrest agent to a drug dealer in Thailand from which resulted in the indictment of 256 statistics after the operation was unsuccess­ whom he could purchase quality drugs. Also people who peddled $3.2 million in stolen ful in penetrating high-level drug circles involved in the letter of introduction was a goods to police officers posing as fences. and major fencing operations. line of credit the undercover officer could The Louisville operation was carried out However, none of this criticism of the establish with the dealer. by the Jefferson County Police Depart­ operation was apparent yesterday when D.C. The issuance of arrest warrants for seven ment and the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Police Chief Maurice Cullinane, U.S. Attor­ employees of the Central Delivery Service in ney Earl J . Silbert and FBI special agent-in­ Maryland, who reportedly were making drug Tobacco, and Firearms with financial charge Nick F. Starnes announced to as­ deliveries to various locations in addition to assistance from the Law · Enforcement sembled reporters at the fifth district police their parcel deliveries. Assistance Administration. station yesterday that TRICONN had been Location of a. stolen copying machine These officials should be congratulated concluded. worth $22,000 that had been taken in a for their fine work. I hope that their They said TRICONN was special because Virginia burglary. sucessful operations will serve as a it showed a new undercover police mobility Identification of a gang of juvenile and model for police officials in other cities. and unusual police ingenuity in going out adult thieves who were directed by one man. to meet the criminals where they work-on Members of the gang were arrested when Below is a recent article from the Sep­ the street-instead of forcing the criminals they were sent by TRICONN agents to bur­ tember 9, 1977, edition of the Washing­ to come to a fixed warehouse or headquarters glarize the Edwin Place warehouse operated ton Post which describes the District of location, which had been the mark of three by TRICONN, only to be met there by a Columbia operation: previous operations. sign that said, "Welcome, Sting," and nu­ D.C. HOODS STUNG AGAIN BY POLICE The first operation, with its flashy under­ merous police officers. cover police officers posing as out-of-town The arrest of a female post office employee (By Timothy S. Robinson and mafiosi, became known as Sting when 1t Alfred E. Lewis) who brought in hundreds of thousands of broke on Feb. 28, 1976. It ushered Wash­ dollars in government checks she allegedly Washington area law enforcement officials ington into a new era of law enforcement, stole from the mail, including one stack of announced yesterday that they had been with the area's myriad law enforcement checks that totaled over $300,000. 36166 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 31, 1977 The arrests of D.C. jail guards Ulysses Mr. Speaker, I am proud of the initia­ limit the further ravages of starvation. Jones, 26, of 2853 Ontario Rd. NW, and Ron­ tive taken by Iowa and especially the The comments which follow address ald A. Dock, 27, of 1000 Rittenhouse St. NW. work being conducted at Iowa State in both the need for increased efforts with Both men were charged with robbery for their alleged part in attempting to hold up the area of coal research. I want to share regard to the world food situation as well two of the undercover agents during a drug with my colleagues the editorial in the as some of the options we face, and I transaction. Des Moines Register which further elab­ thank you, Mr. Speaker, for making The arrest of Reginald Robinson, 29, of orates on the work of the Iowa coal them part of the REcORD : 1920 Dutch Village Dr., Landover, on charges project. Mr. Chairman, I thank you and the Mem­ of selling drugs at his "Mr. Natural" barber­ The editori::l follows: bers of this committee for giving me this shop at 3911 Benning Rd. NE. Officers who (From the Des Moines Register, Sept. 15, 1977] opportunity to speak in support of H. Res. searched Robinson's house after his arrest 784. This resolution, which I cosponsored, said they found large quantities of drugs FORESIGHT ON COAL would create, as you well know, a Presidential there. Iowa's moribund coal-mining industry Commission on Domestic and International The undercover agents who worked in TRI­ made an impressive turnaround recently Hunger and Malnutrition at a time that I CONN used numerous disguises as they pur­ when a major electric utility signed t>.. long­ feel is most opportune. chased goods from unsuspecting thieves. term contract that will double the state's I say this because both this Congress and Sometimes the agents posed as out-of-town coal production. Iowa Electric Power & Light this administration are distinguishing them­ hoods, sometimes as members of motorcycle Co. of Cedar Rapids will pay $108 million over selves in their respective efforts to tackle gangs, sometimes as telephone company em­ the next 10 years for an annual 500,000 to three of the world's most critical long-term ployees, and sometimes as deliverymen. . 800,000 tons of Iowa coal. problems: nuclear proliferation, population Hundreds of police officers began makmg Last January several of the biggest of the growth, and world hunger. arrests in the TRICONN operation about 5 state's remaining handful of mines closed, While the President is going ahead with a.m. yesterday. One suspect was arrested and some industry officials predicted that ambitious diplomatic initiatives designed to after he successfully hid from police officers coal-mining in Iowa might come to an end stem the tide of global nuclear arms develop­ searching his home, but then made the mis­ within six months. Iowa coal has too high a ment, this House has just voted-by an over­ take of calling TRICONN to tell undercover sulfur content to meet federal and state air­ whelming majority-to create a Select Com­ officers there that the police were looking pollution standards. It has been burned by a mittee on Population. Further evidence of for him. few utilities and public institutions in mix­ our growing sensitivity to these questions A similar police undercover operation was ture with large amounts of low-sulfur west­ lies in the new directions being taken in our revealed yesterday in St. Louis, Mo., and ern coal. bilateral economic assistance programs: brings to approximately 30 the number of A month after the doleful predictions of these no longer consist of large, capital-in­ such operations that have been funded by January, plans were announced for a 300,000- tensive projects, but are focusing, largely as LEAA grants. ton annual capacity coal-washing plant to a result of congressional action, on meeting handle the production of several mines. basic human needs in the world's poorest (Coal-washing is a mechanical process in countries. Last year, for example, the Con­ which coal is passed through water and the gress mandated that 75 percent of the food FORESIGHT ON COAL sulfur separated out by the difference in spe­ provided on a sales basis under the food for cific gravity between coal and sulfur.) peace program go to countries with per An experimental washing facility operated capita incomes of less than $300. In addition, HON. TOM HARKIN for the Iowa Coal Research Project by Iowa we are currently in the process of establish­ State University showed that the sulfur con­ ing, in cooperation with the other major food OF IOWA tent of Iowa coal could be brought near the suppliers, an international grain reserve IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES four per cent allowed by air-quality regula­ which will serve as a cushion in times of Monday, October 31, 1977 tions (three per cent in 10 eastern counties). acute shortages, and ultimately it is hoped, Although Iowa coal and low-sulfur Wyo­ as a price stabilizer. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. Speaker, the im­ ming coal both cost about $20 a ton at the Despite all of these efforts, it must be said portance of increased coal production to mine, rail freight to Iowa Electric's generat­ that the world food situation remains grim, the emerging national energy strategy ing plants from Wyomin~ is $15 and from and that it is a matter of great urgency that has become apparent in recent months. Marion, Mahaska or Monroe counties only the United States, a key producer and ex­ about $6. The Iowa coal produces more heat porter of foodstuff, show decisive leadership For this reason, I am pleased to note in than Wyoming coal (but even though washed, in coordinating a global policy aimed at al­ a recent editorial in the Des Moines Reg­ it still must be mixed with western coal about leviating the famine which is affecting no ister that the State of Iowa has signed a six tons to one to meet air-quality stand­ less than one-third of the world's population. long-term contract that will double the ards). I am deeply disturbed by the very opti­ State's coal production. National energy policy requires utilities to mistic reports that have recently been cir­ This contract underscores the wisdom rely more on abundant coal and less on oil or culating on the subject of the world food gas. To the extent that Iowa coal can be used supply. Articles in the press have announced, of the State's decision in 1974 to invest in Iowa, the benefit to the state's economy is in a somewhat misleading fashion, that this in coal research. In that year $3 million obvious. Iowa Electric's long-term contract is year will yield, as a result of favorable was awarded to the Energy and Mineral a heartening expression of confidence and weather conditions and bumper crops, a Resources Research Institute at Iowa underscores the wisdom of the state's deci­ net surplus of world foodstuff. While the State University to undertake the Iowa sion to invest in coal research. production of food in the supplier nations may indeed be particularly impressive this coal project. It was the research at an year, this has very little to do with that experimental coal-washing facility oper­ product reaching those that need it most. We ated by the Iowa coal project which es­ must not allow ourselves to forget that we tablished that the sulfur content of Iowa IN SUPPORT OF H.R. 784 are still in the dark ages in many areas­ coal could be reduced to meet Federal and that the technology of food production and State air pollution standards. This and distribution is unfortunately one of HON. CHRISTOPHER J. DODD them. development removed the last remaining OF CONNECTICUT obstacle to burning Iowa coal in the In the 18th century, 10 million people died IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of starvation. By contrast, the bare facts State. have it that in this century of ours, in which I would also point out to my colleagues Monday, October 31, 1977 scientific revolutions have dramatically al­ that the Energy and Mineral Resources Mr. DODD. Mr. Speaker, I am submit­ tered millions of lives for the better twelve Research Institute has achieved lead ting for the RECORD the text of my testi­ million people have already sta;ved to death-and there are still more than twenty­ laboratory status in restoration research mony before the House Committee on years to go before we enter the 21st cen­ on prime agricultural land. Iowa State Agriculture in support of House Resolu­ tury. has become perhaps the only university tion 784, creating a Presidential Com­ Some fifty nations in Asia, Africa and Latin in the country to operate its own strip mission on Domestic and International America, comprising nearly one and a half mine, using faculty, students, and private Hunger. In the time that it would take billion people, cannot meet their basic food contractors. A coal beneficiation plant for me to read these remarks, 10,000 needs unaided. And of these fifty nations, more people will have died from mal­ thirty-three have been identified as famine­ which produces about 70 tons of coal per prone by the United Nations and are in des­ hour has been built on campus. I visited nutrition and its associated diseases. perate need of immediate and sustained as­ the plant earlier this year and I was Many of us here in this Congress, and sistance. most impressed with the research being millions of Americans across this country According to research conducted by the conducted there. support an intensified war on hunger to Overseas Development Council, nearly one October 31, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36167 billion people live in absolute poverty. Of this rejects the so-called Yushin system in­ the initiative in dividing the Korean Penin­ billion, 750 million live in the low-income stituted by Park Chung Hee and he sula into two hostile political systems. This countries, 170 million in the world's richest questions U.S. support for the authori­ division sentenced us to a destiny in which we have continuously suffered from oppres­ countries. Lest we forget it, malnutrition and tarian government that now rules his hunger exist here at home too, in what is sion of human rights and from dictatorships still the world's most affiuent nation. country. which have always spoken of the "threat In sum, there is no doubt whatsoever that Mr. Speaker, in the interest of giving of invasion by the enemy." The logic of the the overall problem of world hunger needs wider circulation to one Korean pa­ cold war and the misleading view of the attention and needs it now. The creation of triot's view of United States-South Ko­ United States that anything which opposes a Presidential Commission would be the first rean relations, a view that represents the "communist devil" is all right, as in many necessary step in the organization of a well­ a significant current in the thought of places in the third world, has become one of targeted, hard-hitting attack on the many South Korean democrats, I place in this the major reasons for corrupt, dictatorial obstacles we face before we can really begin regimes, such as that of Mr. Park Chung Hee to wage a successful battle against domestic RECORD a ·copy of President Yun's May in Korea. and international hunger. 19, 1977, letter to President Carter: The fact that pro-Japanese bureaucrats, We know that we must increase the MAY 19, 1977. m111tary officials, and businessmen were able amount of food aid that we provide; we also President JIMMY CARTER, to gain power under the American adininis- ' know that we need to direct this aid in a The White House, tration significantly shows that the United manner that does not disrupt ongoing devel­ Washington, D.C. States has, directly or indirectly, supported opment strategies in third world nations or Mr. PRESIDENT: May the blessings of God the m111tary, the bureaucrats and the big constitute a disincentive to food production. be with you and your people. businessmen who opposed social change and Increased agricultural production by the de­ Since World War II the United States pursued social privileges as a countermeasure veloping countries themselves must in fact and Korea have had a special relationship to the threat of communism. So much aid be one of the key aspects of any global food and a close alliance. This relationship has from the United States, including food aid policy, since not only will it supply jobs and been legitimized and justified in the name under PL 480, has supported the limping livelihood to many, but also because it will of "unity of the free world." The United Korean economic structure which is based reduce the poor countries' dependence on the States, in order to keep Korea as part of on the low price of rice and low wages--a food-exporting nations and reduce their ex­ the "free world," has deeply intervened in practice which has continued for more than penditures of scarce foreign exchange on the political, economic and mllitary activi­ thirty years. Nobody can deny that this con­ basic agricultural commodities. ties of Korea. However during this period, tributed to the consolidation of the privileged While we know too that it is essential that oppression rather tha.n democvacy has flour­ ruling class. The American investors, as well we provide some security in the availab111ty ished in Korea. In particular, since October the Japanese investors, have taken advantage of adequate food supplies as well as some sta­ of 1972, Korea has rapidly degenerated into of the low wages here in Korea and have b111ty in the price of grain on the world a thoroughly "oppressive world" which enjoyed the benefits of a "favorable invest­ market, we do not yet know how best to set can no longer be called a part of the "free ment climate" which the Park regime offers. out doing any of these things, the creation world." Now, the facism which is based tm The fact that Gulf Oil Corporation offered of a Presidential Commission can get us totalitarianism and tyranny, has become the millions of dollars as a political contribution started. ideological basis of national politics. to Mr. Park in 1971, when he was elected by The special status and the special purpose Mr. Park Chung Hee, who received only only a small margin, implies many things to of this Commission will not only put the 50 percent of the popular vote in the Presi­ us in understanding the relationship between problem in the public eye--where it belongs dential Election of April 1971, through the American investors and the repressive rule if any long-term impact is to be achieved­ use of guns, tanks and martial law, de­ of Korea. but also mob111ze the best minds we have to stroyed the Constitution, dissolved the Na­ Due to technical support and cooperation present to the President and to this Congress tional Assembly, closed the campuses and by the United States, the Korean Central a set of recommendations that we can be­ prohibited gatherings of any kind, as well Intelligence Agency (KCIA) was able to gain gin to implement. as any kind of criticism. All this in the year competence at political investigations. The I also feel that the Commission can play and a half following the election. By means equipment, techniques and skills at quelling an invaluable role by establishing, through of the Yushin Constitution, which he him­ riots vhich are offered by the United States, its very creation, that domestic and inter­ self made, under the above-mentioned con­ have been very effctlvely used for the re­ national aspects of hunger and malnutrition ditions, he was unanimously elected Presi­ pression of peaceful demonstrations by the cannot be separated, and that it is imperative dent, with only two abstentions. Of the Korean people. During their attendance at that they both be treated by a single, inte­ 2,359 possible votes, he received 2,357. The University, a grewt number of our young grated, long-term policy based on a thorough poll tical power which has ruled Korea since people have shed tears due to the use of U.S.­ understanding of the inter-relationship that 1973 did not receive its mandate from the made tear gas and pepper fog. Because of the exists between the developed and the devel­ people, but imposed it through violence. The Korean-Japan treaty, which the United oping worlds. Yushin Constitution gives the President the States strongly pushed, the Korean economy For these reasons, Mr. Chairman, I feel power to implement "emergency decrees"­ was rapidly driven into a state of dependency that the creation of this Commission is the unlimited power which stands above the on the Japanese. "Black adhesion" between very least that we can do to help fight the Constitution. Throughout the history of the ruling classes of both Korea and Japan ravages of world hunger. I thank you once mankind. dicta tors have not had a more played a decisive role in the strengthening more for giving me this opportunity to be powerful tool: the National Security Law, of the Park regime. The United States pulled heard, and I urge you and the members of which completely deprives the laborers of the youth of Korea into the Vietnam War and this committee to adopt H. Res. 784. Thank their right to collective bargaining and their Mr. Park was thus able to push through re­ you. right to collective action; the Social Security vision of the Constitution, in 1969, which La.w, which gives the administration the enabled him to run for a third term in office, power to put dissenters into prison fur life and the Yushin coup d'etat in 1972, without FORMER PRESIDENT OF SOUTH without a trial. As well as these laws which any hesitation. We must point out the fa.ct KOREA YUN'S LETTER TO PRESI­ oppress human rights, including the laws that the tanks which advanced and remained DENT CARTER and decrees mentioned above, complete con­ in front of the National Assembly in October trol of the press, the judiciary, the National 1972 were made in the United States. Assembly and the opposition party, is exer­ However, we do not intend to say that HON. DONALD M. FRASER cised by the administrtaion; and surveil­ such dark aspects as these tell the whole OF MINNESOTA lance and repression of the campus, the story of the relationship between Korea and Church and the labor movement is under­ the United States. We are well aware of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taken by intelligence agencies. This shows fact that it is at least the outward stand of Monday, October 31, 1977 that Korea is now made up of those elements the United States to support and to encour­ which all the "free world" has denied, that age the development of the democratic sys­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, it is not is, "no rights for the people" and "unlimited tem in Korea. The Constitution which was always easy for people in the United dictatorial power for one man." We do not established in 1948 with the support of the States to visualize how our foreign pol­ want to think that this is something the American Military Adininistration was the icy looks to those on its receiving end. United States, which has undertaken ab­ first in Korean history to be based on parlia­ Friendly governments receiving U.S. solute influence over Korea, expected from mentary democratic principles. Most Koreans the beginning. However, it is regretful that military and economic aid have easy ac­ believe that in 1963 President Kennedy en­ we must point out that this is the result couraged Mr. Park Crung Hee to return to cess to our people. Often, however, they of the relationship between Korea and the civilian rule by threatening to stop all aid to do not publicize the views of their coun­ United States-a relationship which has Korea. However, in spite of this, the belief trymen critical of the status quo. lasted more than 30 years. that the United States supports democracy in Yun Po-Sun is a former President of Since World War II the United States, in Korea is rapidly collapsing, especially in the Republic of South Korea. He strongly opposition to the will of our nation, took recent years. CXXIII--22'76-Part 28 36168 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 31, 1977 In 1973, just after the establishment of the human rights in those third world countries SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS Yushin System, President Nixon warmly receiving aid as allies of the United States greeted Mr. Kim Jong Pil, Premier at the was, relatively speaking, far weaker. Yet the Title IV of the Senate Resolution 4, time, at the White House. At that time, Mr. oppression of human rights, for which the agreed to by the Senate on February 4, Nixon made known his policy of "non-inter­ United States carries heavy responsibility, 1977, calls for establishment of a system vention," and he thus encouraged the Park could be substantially improved in accorfl for a computerized schedule of all meet­ regime and supported the Yushin Constitu­ with the wishes of the United States in coun­ ings and hearings of Senate committees, tion. Since then the platitude "non-interven­ tries such as Korea, the Philippines, Iran, tion" has become the stand of the United Chile and so forth. subcommittees, joint committees, and States administration, which shows silent Your State Department is emphasizing committees of conference. This title re­ support of the undemocratic, oppressive sys­ "special treatment" toward the human rights quires all such committees to notify the tem in Korea. How can the United States, problems of Korea and the Philippines, both Office of the Senate Daily Digest-desig­ which has so deeply intervened in the inter­ of which are related to American security nated by the Rules Committee of the nal politics of Korea, now use "non-interven­ interests, and the Administration is pursuing time, place, and purpose of all meetings tion" as an excuse to avoid criticizing the a more reinforced support of the Park regime. when scheduled, and any cancellations or dictatorship which the United States has supported? Since the establishment of the In spite of the commitment which you ex­ changes in meetings as they occur. Yushin System, many Americans, including pressed in your campaign speeches, the As an interim procedure until the com­ the President, high officials and elected rep­ Pentagon is still speaking about the pos­ puterization of this information becomes resentatives, have come to Korea and have sible use of atomic weapons in the Korean operational, the Office of the Senate praised the "economic development of Korea" Peninsula-which would likely completely Daily Digest will prepare this informa­ and the "great leadership" of President Park. destroy the Korean people-and your em­ tion for printing in the Extensions of Re­ And they have supported the Yushin System. bassy here in Korea is emphasizing "quiet marks section of the CONGESSIONAL REC­ What else is the principle of non-interven­ diplomacy." Regarding American Korea pol­ ORD on Monday and Wednesday of each tion beyond the illicit connection between icy, which, outwardly at least, shows little the rulers of the world towards the oppres­ week. sign of change from that of the Ford ad­ Any changes in committee scheduling sion of the people of the world, if praising ministration, the Park regime feels com­ and supporti.ng a foreign ruler whom most will be indicated by placement of an people oppose is not called intervention, pletely secure and continues its suppression asterisk to the left of the name of the while criticizing is called intervention? of human rights. unit conducting such meetings. In other words, it is the Korean people International relations and national in­ Meetings scheduled for Tuesday, No­ themselves who are really refusing to allow terests are limited, and the freedom of man­ kind and human rights are limitless. In the vember 1, 1977, may be found in Daily interference from outside and so that they Digest Of today's RECORD. might determine their own destiny. However, relationship between Korea and the United we doubt that if the policy of the United States, the Korean people have, for a long MEETINGS SCHEDULED States towards this government played a time, been treated simply as objects, means NOVEMBER 2 and instruments in carrying out of world basic role in the political, economic and mill­ 9:00a.m. tary support to the repressive system of policy for America's own "national interest." Through such signs as the exceptional treat­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation Korea, then this can be seen as practical and Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ concrete intervention which contradicts the ment in the human rights problems and the reinforced and unconditional support of mittee "principle of non-intervention" that the Park's regime as repayment for the with­ To hold hearings to receive testimony United States outwardly upholds. This in­ drawal of the United States' troops, the on the possible effect of recombinant tervention was aimed at the establishment Korean people have become concerned about DNA research on the field of scientific and support of an oppressive system and it whether they might again be sacrificed to inquiries. has realized its purpose. In fact, we are now the egotistical national interests of the 5110 Dirksen Building at the point of re-establishing a practical United States-interests which have been Energy and Natural Resources concept of intervention and a concrete con­ newly evaluated under your administration. To hold hearings on the nominations We hope that our concerns have no basis of Robert D. Thorne, of California, to cept of "non-intervention" from a new per­ be an Assistant Secretary for Energy spective. and we wish you to erase our concerns through positive action as soon as possible. Technology, and John M. Deutch, of We had hoped that your human policy Massachusetts, to be Director of the might contribute to the establishment of We hope that you will properly evaluate the desire of most of the Korean people who, Office of Energy Research, both of the truly friendly relations between the peoples besides rejecting a leftist dictatorship, also Department of Energy. of both Korea and the United States, cleans­ reject a rightist one-that is, the Yushin 3110 Dirksen Building ing the dark history of Korean-American Constitution-and who want to live in a Governmental Affairs relations. We want you to frankly admit the peaceful, unified and democratic fatherland. Permanent Investigation Subcommittee fact that many people in the third world We therefore believe that you should carry To continue _hearings concerning the which are under the influence of the United out a fundamentally new policy which does awarding of labor union insurance States, including Korea, have suffered from not ignore our desires. We hope that you will contracts. dictatorships and the oppression of human openly and clearly express your stand in 3302 Dirksen Building rights as payment for the interest and secu­ opposing the oppression of human rights and Judiciary rity of the United States. Therefore we want the Yushin Constitution here in Korea in a Constitution Subcommittee your human rights policy to become estab­ louder voice than when you criticized the To hold oversight hearings on activities lished on the basis of accepting moral re­ oppression of human rights in the Soviet of the Civil Rights Commission. sponsibility for positive contributions in Union and in Czechoslovakia. Through this 2228 Dirksen Building solving this tragedy. If this doesn't happen, your human rights policy will be seen as 9:30a.m. the world might doubt and misunderstand not merely a tactic in reestablishing a new Human Resources your intentions regarding your human rights order of a great power by stirring up East­ To hold hearings on the nomination of policy. We hope that your policy related to ern Europe, nor as a deceitful policy which Livingston L. Biddle, Jr., of the Dis­ Korea will be established by your doing your is motivated by egotistical national interest trict of Columbia, to be Chairman of best to push peace and unification, and to in the United States in order to avoid its the National Endowment for the Arts, promote democracy and human rights in the responsibility for the oppression of human and James A. Krumhansl, of New York, Kore:~.n Peninsula recognizing that the Ko­ rights in the third world by paying only lip to be an Assistant Director of the Na­ rean people should no longer be forced to ac­ service. We hope that your human rights tional Science Foundation. cept fascism, which always outwardly talks policy will demonstrate that it arises from 4232 Dirksen Building about the "communist threat." a pure and humble concern for the love of 10:00 a.m. We of course admit that it might be too mankind and that it is the voice of a new Governmental Affairs early to evaluate your human rights policy American spirit which supports the free­ Intergovernmental Relations Subcommit­ and your policy regarding Korea-related to dom-a freedom which is growing among the tee the human rights problem. However, the people of the world. To hold hearings to examine the impact process of the human rights policy up till I hope that you will give careful consider­ of the current shortage of home insu­ now has given us doubts. ation to the content of this letter, and that lation. On several occasions you have openly crit­ God might guide you as you make important 6202 Dirksen Building decisions about our country. Rules and Administration icized the oppression of human rights in both To hold hearings and to consider the the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. You I hope that I will hear from you in the nominations of John W. McGarry, of have even invited certain Soviet Union intel­ near future. Massachusetts, and Samuel D. Zagoria., lectuals to the White House or have sent Yours sincerely, of Maryland, each to be a member of them letters. On the other hand, though, (Mr.) Po-SuN YuN, the Federal Election Commission. your critical voice towards the oppression of Former President. 301 Russell Building November 1, 1977 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 36169 3:00p.m. to be followed by hearings on the NOVEMBER 14 Conferees nominations of Frank H. Neel, of 10:00 a .m. On S. 1585, to make unlawful the use Georgia, James R. Mills, of California, of minors engaged in sexually explicit Harry T. Edwards, of Michigan, Select Small Business conduct for the purpose of promoting Charles Luna, of Texas, Anthony Has­ Monopoly and Anticompetitive Activities any film or printed matter. well, of Illinois, and Ronald G. Nathan, Subcommittee Until E.:OO p.m. S-210, Capitol of the District of Columbia, each to To hold hearings on drug quality, com­ be a Member of the Board of Directors petition, and government p!"ocurement NOVEMBER 3 of drugs. 9:00a.m. Corporation. Energy and Natural Resourc·3S 5110 Dirksen Building • 1318 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on the nomination of 9:30a.m. NOVEMBER 15 Robert H. Mendelsohn, of California, Human Resources 10:00 a .m . to be an Assistant Secretary of the Labor Subcommittee To continue hearings on S. 1883 and Select Small Business Interior. Monopoly and Anticompetitive Activities 3110 Dirksen Building 1855, to strengthen the remedies and expedite the procedures under the Na­ Subcommittee 9 :30a.m . To continue hearings on drug quality, Human Resources tional Labor Relations Act. Until 5:00p.m. 4232 Dirksen Buildinc• competition, and government pro­ Labor Subcommittee curement of drugs. To resume hearings on S. 1883 and 1855, Judiciary to strengthen the remedtes and ex­ Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee 1318 Dirksen Building pedite the procedures under the Na­ To reconsider S. 1874, to allow con­ NOVEMBER 16 tional Labor Relations Act. sumers and other parties who have not 10 :00 a.m. dealt directly with an antitrust vin ~ Until 5:00p.m. 4232 Dirksen Building Select Small Business Judiciary lator to recover their damages under the antitrust laws. Monopoly and Anticompetitive Activities Separation of Powers Subcommittee Subcommittee To resume hearings to receive testimony S-207, Capitol Human Resources To continue hearings on drug quality, associated with executive branch ne­ competition, and government pro­ gotiations for the disposition of prop­ Education, Arts, and the Humanities Sub­ committee curement of drugs. erty of the United States in the Isth­ 1318 Dirksen Building mus of Panama. To hold hearings on S. 1753, to extend 1318 Dirksen Building and amend the Elementary and Sec­ DECEMBER 13 10 :00 a.m. ondary Education Act. 10:00 a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 6202 Dirksen Building Judiciary To hold hearings on the nominations of NOVEMBERS Constitution Subcommittee Stella B. Hackel, of Vermont, to be 9:00a.m. To hold hearings on S. J. Res. 67, propos­ Director of the Mint, and Joseph F. Commerce, Science, and Transportation ing an amendment to the Constitution Timilty, of Massachusetts, to be Chair­ Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ with respect to the proposal and the man of the National Commission on mittee enactment of laws by popular vote of Neighborhoods. To resume hearings to receive testimony the people of the United States. 5302 Dirksen Building on the possible effect of recombinant 2228 Dirksen Building Foreign Relations DNA research on the field of scientifiP Closed session to receive a briefing on DECEMBER 14 inquiries. 10:00 a.m. the SALT negotiations from Secretary 5110 Dirksen Buildinp of State Cyrus Vance. Judiciary S-116, Capitol NOVEMBER9 Constitution Subcommittee Governmental Affairs 10:00 a .m. To continue hearings on S.J. Res. 67, To consider Reorganization Plan No. 2, Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs proposing an amendment to the Con­ to consolidate the State Department's To resume oversight hearings on U .~ stitution with respect to the proposal Bureau of Cultural Affairs and the monetary policy. and the enactment of laws by popular USIA into an Agency for International 5302 Dirksen Buildinrr vote of the people of the United States. Communication; S. 1704, to provide NOVEMBER10 2228 Dirksen Building for two additional Assistant Secretaries DECEMBER 15 of Agriculture; S. 1730, to provide for 9:00a.m. an additional Assistant Secretary of Commerce, Science, and Transportation 9:00a.m. the Treasury; S. 1264, the Federal Ac­ Science, Technology, and Space Subcom· Commerce, Science, and Transportation quisition Act of 1977; H.R. 5054, to re­ mit tee Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ peal the statutory requirement that To resume hearings to receive testimon' mittee. appointments to competitive service on the possible effect of recombinant To hold hearings on the United Nations positions in executive branch agencies DNA research on the field of scientific conference on science and technology in the Washington, D.C., area be appor­ inquiries. for development in 1979. tioned among the States on the basis 5110 Dirksen Building Until 5:00 p.m. 5110 Dirksen Building of population; S. 666, to provide early 10:00 a.m. retirement benefits for non-Indian em­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs CANCELLATIONS ployees of the BIA and the Indian To continue oversight hearings on U.S. NOVEMBER9 Health Service; H.R. 7766, to authorize monetary policy. 10:00 a .m. the Mayor of the District of Columbia 5302 Dirksen Building Judiciary Judiciary to enter into an agreement with the Constitution Subcommittee U.S. Postal Service with respect to the Administrative Practice and Procedure Subcommittee To hold hearings on S. 1845, the Poly­ use of certain public air space in D.C.; graph Control and Civil Liberties Pro­ and H.R. 7792, the Franked Mail Act To hold oversight hearings on the im­ tection Act of 1977. of 1977. plementation of the Freedom of In­ 2228 Dirksen Building 3302 Dirksen Building formation Act. 2228 Dirksen Building NOVEMBER10 NOVEMBER 4 10:00 a .m. 9:00a.m. NOVEMBER 11 Commerce, Science, and Transportation 10:00 a .m . Judiciary Constitution Subcommittee To hold hearings on the nomination of Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Mortimer L. Downey III, of Virginia, To continue hearings on S. 1845, the To continue oversight hearings on U.S. Polygraph Control and Civil Liberties to be Assistant Secretary of Trans­ monetary policy. portation for Budget and Programs; Protection Act of 1977. 5302 Dirksen Building 2228 Dirksen Building

SENATE-Tuesday, November 1, 1977