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Studien Über Die Gefäss Pflanzen in Den ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA EDIDIT SVENSKA VÄXTGEOGRAFISKA SÄLLSKAPET xvrr STUDIEN ÜBER DIE GEFÄSS­ PFLANZEN IN DEN HOCHGEBIRGEN DER PITE LAPPMARK VON Tu. ARwinssoN UPPSALA 1943 A L M Q V I 8 T & W I K B E L L 8 B 0 K T R Y C K. E R I A.·B. SVENSKA V ÄXTGEOGRAFISKA SÄLLSKAPET - Stiftat den 20 april 1923 - ADRESS: UPPSALA UNIVERSITETS VÄXTBIOLOGISKA INSTITUTION, UPPSALA 6 Styrelse: Ordf. Prof. G. Einar Du Rietz, v. ordf. Prof. Hugo Osvald, sekr. Fil. lic. Edvard von Krusenstjerna, skattm. Fil. lic. Sten Ahlner, red. Docent Gunnar­ Degelius. Övr.: Prof. John Axel Nannfeldt, Prof. Gunnar Samuelsson, Fil. kand. Gustaf Sandberg, Prof. Carl Skottsberg, Docent Sven Thunmark. Sällskapet, som utgör en fortsättning av Svenska Växtsociologiska Sällskapet, ,är en föreningslänk mellan Sveriges växtgeografer och övriga för växtgeogra:fisk forskning intresserade personer; dess ändamä.l är att väcka, underhalla och främja intresset för växtgeogra:fien i vidsträcktaste mening, särskilt utforskandet av svensk vegetation och :flora, samt att hävda växtgeogra:fiens ställning inom svensk natur­ forskning». - » För detta ändamä.l skall Sällskapet verka bl. a. genom att anordna sammankomster och exkursioner, att utgiva en publikationsserie, Acta Phytogeo­ graphica Suecica, vilken utkommer med ett eller :flera band arligen, att främja det växtgeogra:fiska naturskyddet samt att arbeta för den växtgeografiska forskningens utnyttjande i vart lands näringsliv.» Medlemskap. Inträde vinnes genom inval efter - anmälan hos sekreteraren under ovannämnda adress. Arsavgift 5 kronor; ständig medlemsavgift 75 kronor. - Säliskapeta Acta, som beräknas utkomma med minst ett band arligen, utsändas till medlemmarna mot giropostförskott pa ·arsavgift + vorto. Abonnement. Föreningar, bibliotek, läroanstalter och andra institutioner kunna efter styrelsens prövning erhalla Acta Phytogeographica Suecica mot en ärlig abonnementsavgift, som för svenska abonnenter utgar med 5 kronor + porto, för utländska abonnenter med 7 kronor (incl. porto) . Byte. Publikationerna kunna även erhallas genom byte efter överenskom­ melse med Uppsala Universitets Växtbiologiska Institution. Abonnement. Vereine, Bibliotheke, Lehranstalte und andere Institute er­ halten Acta Phytogeographica Suecica gegen einen jährlichen Beitrag von 7 Schwed. Kr. Austausch. Acta Phytogeographica Suecica ist nach Verabredung mit » Uppsala Universitets. Växtbiologiska Institution), Uppsahi, 5, durch .Austausch zu erhalten. Subscription. Societies, libraries and institutes may receive the , Acta Phytogeographica Suecica» on paying an annual subscription, which for foreign countries amounts to 7 Sw. crowns. Exchange. The »Acta Phytogeographica Suecica» may be obtained by exchange on application to the » Uppsala U niversitets Växtbiologiska Institution,, Uppsala 5. Am Oberlauf des Piteälv. Im Hintergrund der Vuorbmanaive. 17. 7. 1938. Photo Gustav Edin ACTA PHYTOGEOGRAPHICA SUECICA. XVII. STUDIEN ÜBER DIE GEFÄSS­ PFLANZEN IN DEN HOCHGEBIRGEN DER PITE LAPPMARK VON TH. ARWIDSSON UPP SALA 1943 ALMQVIST & WIKSELLS BOKTRYCKERI A.-B. JWeiner �rau A"strid _A"rwidsson gewidmet Einige Abkürzungen und Erklärungen. Ausser den üblichen sprachlichen Abkürzungen sowie der Abkürzung der Autoren- namen wurden bei der Zusammenstellung des Materials die folgenden Zeichen benutzt: G = Göteborgs Botaniska Trädgards Herbarium, Göteborg. L = Lunds Universitets Botaniska Museum, Lund. S = N aturhistoriska Riksmuseets Botaniska Avdelning, Stockholm. U = Uppsala Universitets Botaniska Museum, Uppsala. V = Uppsala Universitets Växtbiologiska Institutions Herbarium, Uppsala. Zur Erleichterung des Verständnisses der lappländischen und schwedischen Namen seien im folgenden einige der gewöhnlichsten Ausdrücke erklärt. Die Übersetzung vom Lappländischen ins Schwedische steht in Übereinstimmung mit der Arbeit von Wn{LUND (1910). Jaure (Haure) Sjö See. Jokk A, bäck Bach. Kate Kata Wohnstätte der Lappen. Njarka Udde Landspitze, Vorgebirge. Pakte Klippbrant, förtopp Eigentlich Felsenhang, oft auch Gipfel unter dem höchsten Gipfel. Suolo ö Insel. Tjakko Topp, fjälltopp Berggipfel. Tjarro Fjällrygg Bergrücken. Vagge Vid fjälldal Breites GebirgstaL Vare Fjäll Berg, Gebirge. Ätno Älv Fluss. Bezüglich der Lage einiger Fundorte sei ausser den im ATtenverzeichnis gegebenen Er­ klärungen hier folgendes angeführt: Das Stuorlapme Lappenlager liegt am Nordufer des Mavasjaure, unmittelbar nördlich des Auslaufs des Sees in den Kaskajaure. Der Unna Kabrek ist der Berggipfel, der sich ungefähr 4 km westlich des auf dem Kartenblatt 25 (Nasafjäll) mit dem Namen Kabrek bezeichneten Gipfels befindet. Aikejaure ist der Name des Quellsees des Aikejjakkatj . Der See liegt unmittelbar süd­ lich vom Unna Kabrek. Der Altajaure ist der grösste und westlichste See zwischen Altatjakko und Tjeulatjakko. Jullegajaure ist ein Sammelname für die östlich vom Jullegatjakko (nordwestlich vom Sarvastjakko) gelegenen Seen. Peskeluspestugan , Lairostugan und Laisdalens vaktstuga gehören der Lappenver­ waltung. Es sind kleine Berghütten, die den Beamten der Lappenverwaltung bei ihren Gebirgsfahrten Unterkunft gewähren sollen. Sie sind wie alle Hütten der Lappenverwaltung und des Schwedischen Touristenvereins unbewohnt. Die Berghütten Ballasvikens fjäll­ stuga, Vuoggatjalme fjällstuga und Merkenis fjällstuga hingegen gehören dem Staat und sind bewohnt. Die Pächter sind verpflichtet, den Reisenden in gewissem Ausmass Kost und Logis zu geben. Schliesslich sei erwähnt, dass Riksröse eine aus Steinen errichtete Markierung der Landes­ grenze bezeichnet, während die auf dem höchsten Gipfel eines jeden Berges befindliche Gipfelmarkierung aus aufgehäuften Steinen Toppröse genannt wird. Inhalt. Seite Vorwort ............................................................. 9 Charakteristik des Untersuchungsgebietes . 13 Lage und Topographie . ................... ........................ 13 Die geologischen Verhältnisse. 17 Die klimatologischen Verhältnisse . 22 Die botanische Erforschung der Pite Lappmark............. 25 Der Einfluss des Renntiers auf die Flora . 38 Beobachtungen über die Höhengrenzen der waldbildenden Bäume......... 42 Beobachtungen über die Höhengrenzen der hochalpinen Gefässpflanzen .... 51 Einige pflanzengeographische Karten . 63 A. Die Gesamtverbreitung einiger Arten im skandinavischen Floragebiet 68 a) Arnica alpina (L.) Olin . 68 b) Campanula uniflora L. 71 c) 0 arex bicolor All. 7 4 d) Garex rufina Drej. 74 e) Draba crassifolia Grah. 82 B. Die Verbreitung von Sedum villosum L. in Schweden . ............. 84 0. Arten mit südlichstem schwedischem Vorkommen in der Pite Lappmark 86 Einige Gesichtspunkte zur Frage der Eiszeitüberwinterung der nordischen Gebirgsflora. 98 Das Empetrum hermaphroditum-Problern... ............................. 125 Die Vegetation des Peskehauredeltas ................................... 132 Beobachtungen über die· Unkrautflora .................. .............. 139 Die Gefässpflanzen des Gebietes .................. ..................... 143 Zitierte Literatur . ................................................... 257 Vorwort. Wenn ich im folgenden meine botanischen Untersuchungen in der Pite Lapp­ mark (Nordschweden) veröffentliche, so sei zunächst festgestellt, dass grosse Teile dieses Gebietes noch unerforscht sind und dass meine eigenen Beobachtungen in vieler Hinsicht nur Fragmente darstellen. So habe ich zum Beispiel meine im Jahre 1925 begonnene pflanzensoziologische Untersuchung der Vegetation des Gebietes infolge Zeitmangel nicht zu Ende führen können; in der hier vorge­ legten Arbeit können deshalb pflanzensoziologische Fragen nur in einigen Fällen behandelt werden. Dass ich meine Beobachtungen jetzt veröffentliche, obgleich ich selbst sie nicht als abgeschlossen betrachte, ist auf verschiedene Gründe zurückzuführen. Während der letzten sechs Jahre habe ich mich fast ausschliesslich anderen Aufgaben inner­ halb der botanischen Wissenschaft widmen müssen, da ich seit Herbst 1936 als ausserordentlicher Assistent in der Botanischen Abteilung des Naturhistorischen Reichsmuseums zu Stockholm tätig bin und mich dort in der Hauptsache mit Pilzen und Algen zu beschäftigen habe. Infolgedessen erschien es mir unmög· lieh, in absehbarer Zeit meine vor allem der Gefässpflanzenflora gewidmeten Stu­ dien in der Pite Lappmark fortsetzen zu können, und es bestand somit die Gefahr, dass meine unter grossen Aufwendungen an Zeit und Geld durchgeführten Ar­ beiten unveröffentlicht bleiben und damit das Schicksal vieler anderer pflanzen­ geographischer Untersuchungen der letzten Jahrzehnte teilen sollten. - Ferner nehme ich an, dass es für die Pflanzengeographie von Wert sein dürfte, wenn ich hiermit mein Material der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich mache. Herbar-Exemplare habe ich infolge leicht verständlicher Schwierigkeiten nur in begrenztem Umfang sammeln können und diese öffentlichen Herbarien zugeführt. Es handelt sich dabei jedoch, wenn man von Exkursionen in leichter zugänglichen Gegenden absieht, hauptsächlich nur um solche Pflanzen, die allergrösste Seltenheiten dar­ stellen. - Auch möchte ich darauf hinweisen, dass das Sulitälma-Gebiet, welches zur Zeit WAHLENBERGS eine so wichtige Rolle für die schwedische Pflanzengeo­ graphie spielte, heute wieder von grosser Bedeutung für die nordische Pflanzen­ geographie ist. So zeigte z. B. mein Fund von Draba crassifolia schon im Jahre 1925 (ARwrnssoN 1926 a), dass das Sulitälma-Gebiet in botanischer Hinsicht noch reicher ist, als man bisher annahm; auch die wichtigen Untersuchungen von STEN SELANDER in den Jahren
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