6 8 10 20 22 26 CONTENTS BAR R&D Digest | Vol. 17 | Issue No. 4 | October - December 2015 3 R&D Notes: Food security in biodiversity 4 Carving out a niche for native crops and livestock 5 Edible Canna: Potential source of flour 6 Saving the vanishing silver perch 8 Balbas bariko: from heaven 10 Big things are on its way for Bignay 12 Lato: Nutritious grapes from the sea 14 A bright future for the nightshades 16 Lubeg: indigenous fruit, now Apayao’s pride 18 Marbling, unique taste of native pig 20 Healthy and flavorful native chickens 22 Cracking product lines from Pili 24 Blooming potentials from the unexpected Roselle 26 Sustaining the rare Tikod Amo 28 Tinawon heirloom rice is saving Ifugao Rice Terraces 30 Getting to know Huani mango

2 October – December 2015 BAR R&D DIGEST R&D Notes

Food security in biodiversity

BY DR. NICOMEDES P. ELEAZAR, CESO IV

iodiversity plays an production, raising incomes, coping environment. We believe that a important role in ensuring with environmental constraints loss in biodiversity has serious Bfood security and and managing ecosystems. implications on global food substantial income for our small Recognizing, safeguarding and security. farmers. It is through the different using the potential and diversity of To increase the and animal available to nature is critical for food security productivity of our crops and us that the country’s food demand and sustainable agriculture. their reliability and nutritional is being continuously sustained and Food security, being an quality—which is the life-line of our provided for. important aspect in strengthening food producers—we must make But with the increasing the country’s biodiversity, must full use of the genetic diversity population and the inability of also be focused on the importance of our country. Sustainable our farmers to meet the demand of conservation. We need to agriculture can provide solutions for more food, the country’s per strike a good balance between to issues arising from conventional capita food production continues to food security and environmental agriculture as it works on the decrease. protection. This is in relation to premise of enhancing our Biodiversity is threatened the rapid exploitation of our rich biodiversity. by the degradation of our natural resources and natural habitats that In this issue of the BAR resources that could globally provide the proper ecosystems for R&D Digest we give recognition impact the availability of food. the existence of our diverse plant to our indigenous and endemic Expanding agricultural productivity and animal species. crops and livestock species. These to meet food needs in the face of The country’s food security encapsulate our efforts in the an increasing competition for our is affected by the performance of agriculture and fisheries R&D in natural resources and the declining agriculture. The underdevelopment recognizing the country as having fertility is the real challenge of of agriculture could significantly a mega diverse resource that our time. affect food production and prices can both address food security Reduction of biodiversity of agricultural commodities. and still guarantee that the next entails an increase in the number However, its development generations will still have enough of options for ensuring more should not be done at the food to eat and enough natural diverse nutrition, enhancing food expense of biodiversity and our resources to enjoy. ###

BAR R&D DIGEST October – December 2015 3 Carving out a niche for native crops and livestock BY VICTORIANO B. GUIAM

ndigenous and endemic crops percent are endemic. More than 3,000 1) the introduction and spread of and livestock are now beginning various plant species in the country high yielding and new varieties of Ito be seen in better light and have been significant to the lives of crops, livestock, and fish species that gaining broad acceptance. There is the Filipino nation as food, medicine, have displaced indigenous ones; really a lot more to our native species fibers, essential oils, and timber and as 2) intensification of the agricultural than today’s globally-oriented people ornamentals. system and establishment of think. With the diversity in genetic commercial plantations that have By indigenous we mean resources useful to food and made growing habitats less favorable species or subspecies of wild flora agriculture, we have a rich source of for indigenous and animals; and fauna naturally occurring or have genetic materials for the improvement 3) overexploitation and excessive a naturally established population of crops and livestock. (Cultivated gathering of wild plants and animals; in the country. On the other hand, crops, and their closely related 4) inadvertent introduction of pests endemic plant and animal species wild species, collectively form part and diseases; and 3) destruction of are those that are found only in the of what is known as plant genetic the natural environment/ecosystem, country and nowhere else. resources or PGR. PGR together including environmental pollution, With the ’ with domesticated and wild animals, with urbanization and population geological history and it being to include microorganisms, that pressure. But the biggest threat is in separate from the rest of Asia and the provide genetic material and other people’s neglect and apathy towards world, its unique physical conditions support to agricultural ecosystems the preservation of agrobiodiversity. have given rise to high species and productivity, are referred to as Most countries today diversity. On a per hectare basis, “agrobiodiversity” which is a subset of have found sense in developing the country has one of the highest biodiversity.) With this resource, yields appropriate conservation strategies diversity of life on earth. According can be increased along with resistance to protect plant and animal genetic to the International Union for the to pests and diseases and the vagaries materials, ecosystems, and the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), of weather and climate. With greater traditional knowledge associated with the Philippines ranks fourth in the productivity come greater availability them from genetic erosion and loss of world in terms of species diversity of food, higher incomes, and poverty agrobiodiversity. and endemism. A total of 39,100 alleviation. In June 1992, a historic species of flora and fauna have been Our resource of indigenous event was held, the United Nations identified in the country, of which a and endemic plants and animals Conference for Environment and high 67 percent are endemic. Some important to agriculture Development (UNCED) or Earth 15,000 species of flora have been (agrobiodiversity) is under great Summit. This produced the blueprint identified. Of the 8,120 species of threat and losses have been high. for a global environmental agenda, flowering plants found here, 40 These have been mainly due to: continue on page 31

4 October – December 2015 BAR R&D DIGEST CannaEdible POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FLOUR

BY ANNE CAMILE B. BRION

ntroduced widely, cultivated in of Agriculture, University of the tropical countries, and has been Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) explored Inaturalized in regions including on its uses as part of the project, Southeast Asia and the Pacific, Canna “Utilization and Commercialization (Canna indica L.) is a flowering herb of Selected Indigenous and Endemic that grows up to 2.5 meters in height. Plants Found in Region IV with Abundantly growing throughout the Potential Economic Uses”. Funded by Philippines, Canna is popularly known the Bureau of Agricultural Research as Bandera Española (Spanish flag) due (BAR), the initiative sought to increase to the vibrant red and yellow colors public awareness on some of the of its . Most often, it is used endemic and indigenous plants as an ornamental plant – either as that can be found in the region and potted indoor plant or landscape plant. promote them as potential sources of Its local name includes balunsaying, food and non-food products. kukuwintasan, and tikas-tikas. As a component of the Many of its parts are found project, collected wild species of useful in a variety of ways. For Canna in some areas in Laguna, instance, young shoots can be eaten Batangas, and Rizal were propagated. as vegetables while its and These were further cultivated for field rhizomes are utilized as animal feed, reproduction and were harvested fodder, and forage for cattle and five months after planting. The to serve as planting materials for swine. Canna leaves and stems, when rhizomes were processed into flour future related researches and product burned, are used in pest management. and subjected for food composition development undertakings. Research are formed into beads and analysis. and development must be continually made into accessories, or as part of Proximate analysis of tapped to realize the full potentials of percussion instruments such as rattles. Canna flour as compared to other indigenous plants that are just waiting In traditional medicine, rhizome extracts flours including cassava, wheat, and to be explored. ### are believed to be an effective remedy bread was conducted. Initial results for headaches, diarrhea, nose bleeding, showed that the Canna flour contains References: and as a diuretic. relatively higher crude fiber content, Balladares, M.C. and Tayobong, R. While Canna is mostly but lower crude and crude . (2014). Progress report. Utilization and recognized for its aesthetic value, it also In addition, it has relatively higher Commercialization of Selected Indigenous and Endemic Plants Found in Region IV with produces rhizomes underground, which amount of than Potential Economic when processed, are turned into edible cassava flour. When compared with starch and flour. In Vietnam, it is used other commercial flours, Canna flour Cabi.org,. (n.d.). Canna indica (canna lilly). in making noodles. On the other hand, was found to have lower total starch. Retrieved 25 January 2016, from http://www. it is traded as Queensland arrowroot in However, when compared to the cabi.org/isc/datasheet/14575 ------Australia and valued for its high-value Australian Canna flour, it was revealed For more information, contact: starch. that the Philippine Canna flour has Ryan Rodrigo Tayobong/ higher starch content. With this, the Maria Charito Balladares R&D efforts on Canna processed Philippine Canna flour is Instructor 7/University Researcher Seeing the potential of the being evaluated as a raw material in Crop Science Cluster, College of Agriculture Canna plants thriving in the country making pastries such as cookies. UP Los Baños, College, Laguna Tel. No.: (049) 536-0716 as a possible source of flour, the Currently, the plant is Email: [email protected]/ Crop Science Cluster of the College continuously being propagated [email protected]

BAR R&D DIGEST October – December 2015 5 Saving the vanishing silver perch BY DARYL LOU A. BATTAD

onsidered as the for Ayungin remains high. This most delicious led to some interest groups to Cfreshwater fish in the conduct studies on Ayungin Philippines, the silver perch related to distribution, feeding (Leiopotherapon plumbeus), habit, biology, population or Ayungin, as Filipinos genetics, harvest, and general call it, is reported to be in fishery resource. However, the continuous decline as studies on raising and producing threats of over exploitation, Ayungin from an aquaculture degradation of habitat, and system in the Philippines are the rapidly growing number very rare. of invasive species thrive in A team of researchers Laguna de Bay, known to be from the Limnological Research the sanctuary of the silver Station (LRS) of the University perch. of the Philippines Los Baños An omnivorous (UPLB) led by Dr. Pablo P. silver-colored fish,Ayungin Ocampo responded to this is an endemic species in the gap through a project on Philippines. It is known to developing a technology to occur only in the freshwaters save the declining population of of Luzon, particularly in Ayungin. Funded by the Bureau Laguna Lake. The silver perch of Agricultural Research (BAR), species was introduced from the project, “Development of Laguna de Bay to Sampaloc Production and Grow-out Lake and Taal Lake in the early Culture Techniques for Ayungin 1950s and 1970s. (Leiopotherapon plumbeus) and The silver perch Biyang Puti (Glossogobius giuris)” eats a wide variety of aimed to develop spawning organisms including and larval rearing protocols shrimps, zooplankton, snails, for reasonably effective mass aquatic , and other propagation of both Ayungin vascular plants. Growing and Biyang Puti seeds, establish to a maximum size of 16 grow-out culture techniques, centimeters long, they are and generate knowledge on said to be “little fighters”, growth potentialities of both being quite aggressive. But species under floating cages despite their small size, they conditions in shore of Laguna are very tasty, making them de Bay waters, as well as under a favorite food fish of many closed pond conditions. Pinoys, including the country’s Prior to this, a captive very own national hero, Dr. breeding project of the UPLB- Jose Rizal. LRS, under the Department of Science and Technology- R&D efforts Philippine Council for Aquatic In spite of its thinning and Marine Research and population, the demand Development (DOST-PCAMRD)

6 October – December 2015 BAR R&D DIGEST funding, titled “Fish Ark Philippines: During fry stage, which is investing into this enterprise. Direction for the Conservation of more than 35 days old, the produced For Dr. Ocampo and the Native and Endemic Philippine individuals are ready for re-stocking, rest of the research team, the Freshwater Fishes” was able to and are then released to a pre- breakthrough in this study will not develop techniques in spawning determined fish sanctuary area of only help in reviving one of the a number of freshwater fishes Laguna de Bay, with continuous country’s endemic species, but including Ayungin and Biyang Puti monitoring and data gathering. also in restoring and boosting the in captivity. Both species were The second component economic status of many fishing spawned in the laboratory facilities of the project, grow-out culture communities within the region. And of UPLB-LRS for conservation and techniques of Ayungin in floating for this generation and the coming production studies. Simply put, cages at Laguna de Bay waters generations, the chance of having to this project targeted to ensure that include three major studies, focusing taste traditional, native fish food. ### there will be enough number of on evaluating both species as species for repopulation through acceptable aquaculture species. ------various techniques backed up by Growth rate, survival rate, length For more information, contact: hormone intrusions, artificial feeds, of culture period, and profitability Dr. Pablo P. Ocampo flow-through system tanks, and levels of the grow-out culture under professor and station manager Limnological Research Station continuous behavioral observation. floating cage conditions, feeding University of the Philippines Los Baños Although trials conducted regimes associated with stocking Phone: (049) 536-0188 were successful, yields remained density and culture shock were Email: [email protected] unpredictable, compelling the team weighed up. The same experiments of Dr. Ocampo to further evaluate were carried out under closed pond References: and refine drawn techniques for conditions. mass propagation of seeds. Initial Today, aquaculture is Quilang, J., Fontanilla, I., and Basiao, Z. data indicated the potential of deemed as one of the fastest (2009). Genetic Structure of Populations Ayungin to spawn both under semi- growing food production industries. of the Philippine Endemic Silver Perch Leiopotherapon plumbeus (Kner, 1894) natural conditions and hormone Over the years, more advanced based on Mitochondrial DNA Variation. intervention, thus this project. techniques on fish production Retrieved from http://nsri.upd.edu.ph in controlled environments have Breeding for repopulating been studied and developed which Ocampo, P. (2015). Development of The first component of greatly affected the fisheries sector. Seed Production and Grow-out Culture the project, seed production and Furthermore, its significant global Techniques for Ayungin (Leiopotherapon larval rearing for use in aquaculture, economic effects increased both plumbeus) and Biyang Puti (Glossogobius was carried out through collecting public and private sectors’ interest in giuris). broodstock directly from the wild, acclimatizing them for a month then conditioned for spawning. Recent laboratory results showed that Ayungin successfully spawned with high hatching rate at 1700- 3400 IU/kg of HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin), hence the same hormone injection is carried out. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the spawning agent is to be evaluated together with a dopamine antagonist, which is often used to limit the effects of dopamine (neurotransmitter released by the brain). When LHRHa (or luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog) and a dopamine antagonist are used in conjunction, reproductive success dramatically increases.

BAR R&D DIGEST October – December 2015 7 Balbas bariko: Fruit from heaven BY DIANA ROSE A. DE LEON

ver heard of Balbas bariko? highly-prized in some other countries In Vietnam, Balbas bariko (known It sounds like a name of as it is claimed to have exceptional as Gac) is prepared as a dish called xoi Esome obscure villain from a nutritional value and healing properties Gac. It is prepared by mixing the seed comic strip or an odd character from that promotes longevity, vitality and and pulp with cooked rice to impart a a Pinoy flick when in fact,Balbas health. It is for this reason that Balbas red color and distinct flavor. The dish is bariko is actually an indigenous fruit bariko is dubbed as a “fruit from served during festive occasions such as in the Philippines. heaven”. wedding, Lunar New Year, etc. In English, it is known as Literatures proven that To capitalize on its nutritive spiny bitter gourd (Momordica Balbas bariko has high levels of properties, there are already health cochinchinensis Spreng.) — a bristly carotenoids particularly beta-carotene drinks and supplements made from version of the well-loved vegetable, and lycopene. Carotenoids are plant Balbas bariko extracts that are now ampalaya (Momordica charantia). pigment, a main source of commercially-available. These two plants belong to the A and antioxidants. is The roots, seeds, and leaves same family Cucurbitaceae and important to maintain good vision, also used for its medicinal properties. Momordica, and yet they are healthy immune system, skin health, The roots are used for treating head quite different from one another in and cell growth while antioxidants help lice. In India, they make plaster from terms of appearance, taste, uses, in removing free radicals from blood. its roots to promote hair growth. In and popularity. Balbas bariko is As the human body cannot produce China, the seeds are used for liver and quite unheard of by most Filipinos its own Vitamin A, one needs to spleen disorders, wounds, hemorrhoids, due to the limited distribution and ingest food that is high in carotenoids bruises and swelling. In Vietnam, the information about it. including dark leafy vegetables, and seed membranes are used to relief orange and red foods including carrots, dry eyes. In the Philippines, seeds are Fruit from heaven sweet potatoes, and tomatoes to meet used to treat cough. The oil is used as Coming from the family the nutritional requirements. Balbas skin rejuvenating, toning, and youth of gourds and climbing vines, bariko contains beta-carotene that is 10 enhancing. Balbas bariko is a tendril-climbing, times the amount in carrots and sweet dioecious perennial vine that only potatoes, and lycopene that is 70 times Propagating Balbas bariko bear once a year. Its leaves are more than tomatoes. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) broadly ovate with 3-5 deep lobes, The oil extracted from its aril remains one of the public health pointed tips, and heart-shaped (seed cover) has high levels of Vitamin problems in the country especially bases. The flowers are pale yellow E, which is a fat-soluble antioxidant among children and pregnant women. in color, oblong to oblong-ovate, that is vital for the protection of cells With this, Balbas bariko is being looked with a large dark-colored blotch from damage, and fatty acids, which at as a healthy supplement to address at the base. Its fruits are large and is essential for the absorption of fat- the problem since the fruit is rich in oblong to round in shape. Its outer soluble nutrients in a diet that is low in Vitamin A. However, the possibility of this covering is hard and covered with fat. happening is low as most Filipinos are conical spikes. It is initially green but not familiar or have not even realized the turns yellow to dark orange when Uses of Balbas bariko potential of this crop as evident to its low ripe. The interior consists of a yellow Aside from its health benefits, utilization, insufficient supply, and lack of to orange, spongy flesh; fleshy and the appeal of the fruit is not of its taste, processing technologies. bright red seed pods, and brown but of its coloring attribute which gives Fortunately, a research study seeds that are irregular in shape. an intense red color to food. Those funded by the Bureau of Agricultural Although not a popular have tasted the fruit described it as Research looked into the utilization and fruit in the country, Balbas bariko is plain and bland, like the cucumber. commercialization of selected indigenous

8 October – December 2015 BAR R&D DIGEST plants including Balbas bariko. This study is led by the University of Philippines Los Baños-College of Agriculture-Crop Science Cluster (UPLB-CSC). The project started with the gathering and collecting of planting materials of Balbas bariko from various provinces in Region IVA. These were housed at UPLB to serve as mother plants for future propagation studies that would be conducted. Plants were propagated through seeds from mature red fruits and shoot tip cuttings. Promising result had been observed on its propagation. The shoot tip cuttings produced callus and root after two to three weeks submerged in water as compared to shoot tips directly planted in rooting medium. The project is further looking into the value-adding activities for Balbas bariko. The project already started identifying the possible processed products for the crop such as snacks, tea, and food colorant. In fact, the project team had already used it as food colorant in sinukmani – a Filipino native delicacy made from glutinous rice and milk. ###

References: Tayobong, R.P. and et al (2015). Balbas bariko (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.): The Underutilized “Super” Fruit in the Philippines . Poster presented during ISSAAS.

Balbas-bariko. Retrieved January 21, 2016 at http://www. stuartxchange.com/BalbasBakiro.html

Bradford, Alina. (2015). Vitamin E: Sources, benefits and risks. Retrieved January 25, 2016 at http://www. livescience.com/51543-vitamin-e.html

Burke and et al. (2005). Momordica cochinchinensis, Rosa roxburghii, Wolfberry, and Sea buckthorn – highly nutritional fruits supported by tradition and science. Retrieved January 21, 2016 at http://www. pharmanexusa.com/library/px/pdf/burke_ctnr_review. pdf

The amazing gac plant. Retrieved January 21, 2016 at http://www.seedman.com/gac.htm

What is the function of carotenoids? Retrieved January 25, 2016 at http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the- function-of-carotenoids.htm ------For more information, contact: Ryan Rodrigo Tayobong/Maria Charito Balladares Instructor 7/University Researcher Crop Science Cluster, College of Agriculture UP Los Baños, College, Laguna Phone: (049) 536-0716 Email: [email protected]/ [email protected]

BAR R&D DIGEST October – December 2015 9 Big things are on its way for BIGNAY BY EPHRAIM JOHN J. GESTUPA

f someone were to take the entirety of the diverse faces of the Philippine landscape and Icondense it into one specific area, it would very well be Region 2. This region pretty much has everything from mountains to valleys, shorelines to rivers, farmland to vineyards. Aside from being in the forefront for the country’s supply for rice, corn, and banana, Cagayan Valley’s diverse panorama is also home to countless native fruits such as guyabano, lubeg, duhat, and mango. Among these fruits, one stands out as an indigenous edible marvel. Bignay grows in highly tropical and mountainous areas around the Philippines. With the plant’s fruit resembling that of wild berries, Bignay grows in clusters and ripens unevenly. “The taste of Bignay fruit is both acidic and slightly sweet when fully ripe. Its distinct aroma and smooth flavor make it an excellent substrate for red wine.” (Palaje, 2015) Bignay is rich in antioxidants that help in detoxifying the body from free radicals that may cause premature wrinkles and cancer. A diet that includes Bignay helps in regulating blood pressure, treating various health concerns such as syphilis and urinary tract infections, and also in cleansing one’s colon. Its detoxifying properties is also seen in the way it keeps metabolism levels healthy and running so that one can be less prone to infections.

Fruits into wine The abundance of this crop in Cagayan Valley and Nueva Vizcaya region has made it highly feasible in making wine. Along with Bignay, fruit wines are also being made from guyabano, pineapple, duhat, blueberry, citrus, and mango in different places across Region 2. Many project developers, researchers, and farmers are learning how to make wine because it preserves a fruit’s use way beyond its deterioration and at the same time, enhances its nutritional value. For Filipinos who are trying to be health conscious but reluctant to give up alcohol for good, fruit wines are the God-sent products that will both satisfy one’s taste buds and build up a healthier body. One can acquire a healthy dose

10 October – December 2015 BAR R&D DIGEST of calories needed for a day by drinking an entire bottle of fruit wine and in doing so (although highly discouraged), one doesn’t even have to worry about gaining weight. Moderate intake of fruit wines has also been proven to reduce cancer risk. Previous projects may have already jumpstarted a budding wine-making industry in Cagayan Valley, but its path towards becoming sustainable is far from finished.

Quality, competitiveness, sustainability After holding a number of meetings and group discussions with the Bureau of trainings necessary to formulate a delicious wine. Acknowledging and Agricultural Research (BAR), standardized processing techniques embracing the diversity that come with through its National Technology that will take the region’s wine each town in the Region through the Commercialization Program, the enterprise to new heights. fruits it could offer for the enterprise, Isabela State University (ISU) For this project, ISU is ISU finds greater potential with the proposed a project that envisioned working with partner government establishment of a much more unified a sustainable wine enterprise agencies enabling it to make huge wine-making industry. ### that is competitive and world- strides in empowering women across class in quality. ISU, led by Raul B. Cagayan’s local communities. ISU References: Palaje, technical consultant and is partnering with a few women’s Palaje, Raul B. (2015). Revised Project agribusiness specialist; and Gerry organizations in involving their Proposal: One Town-One Product Aggui, People’s Organization members in various stages of Enterprise (OTOPE): Sustainable manager and president, the project’s implementation Fruit Wine Production and implemented the project, “One from production to marketing. Commercialization in Cagayan Valley. Town-One Product Enterprise Among these organizations ISU. Unpublished research paper. (OTOPE): Sustainable Fruit Wine include Vulauan ta Barangay (VTB- Production and Commercialization Moldero), Integrated San Lorenzo Shrikant, Nithya. (2015). 10 Health in Cagayan Valley”. Entrepreneurs of Lallo, Cagayan, Benefits & Nutrition Values Of Bignay. According to the Federated Woman Organization of Retrieved on Jan. 19, 2016 from: http:// researchers, “the One Town- One Sta. Rosa, Iguig, and Eastern Rural www.stylecraze.com Product concept will encourage Improvement Club of Cabagan, participating agencies that already Isabela to name a few. Ramos, Rosemarie. (2013). Bignay, producing fruit wines to adopt a Earlier this year, a revised the small fruit, The Philippines. standard processing technology draft of the research proposal was Retrieved on Jan. 19, 2016 from: http:// and to improve packaging through submitted to BAR and is awaiting for thedailyroar.com retooling techniques and revisiting funding support. The authors of the the quality of fruit wine that they research envisioned to complete the ------are producing.” entire project in 2017. For more information, contact: With funding from BAR, This research initiative of Mr. Raul B. Palaje the project hoped to provide ISU could very well be likened to a Isabela State University attached agencies across Cagayan small bunch of unevenly-ripe Bignay Cabagan, Isabela Valley the technology and berries ready to be processed as e-mail: [email protected]

BAR R&D DIGEST October – December 2015 11 LATO Nutritious grapes from the sea BY RITA T. DELA CRUZ

ave you tasted the sea? reported in the Philippines. But the If you have tasted fresh most common is the Lato because it HCaulerpa lentillifera, is soft and juicy. The spherical beads referred to as Lato in the Bicol or bursts in the mouth, releasing it’s Ar-arosep in the Ilocos region of highly nutritious juice. the Philippines, then it’s (almost) Lato is called “Sea Grapes’” equivalent to tasting the sea. because it resembles bunches of tastes little grapes. The spherical beads like sea water, slightly salty and are tightly packed together on refreshing. The harvested Lato are vertical stems, which arise from long washed clean and is usually eaten horizontal stems that creep over the fresh as a salad. It can be eaten ocean floor like runners. It is also raw as an appetizer, or dipped in referred to as “Green Caviar” as they lemon juice or vinegar and mixed are synonymous to a bunch of green with onion and other spices. It can roe. The color ranges from bright also be served as a salad and be green to olive green. Physically, a eaten as snacks. Other uses include distinctive characteristic of Lato ingredient in sushi, salmon rolls, compared to other Caulerpa species and others. is that the stalk and spherical beads Like a true product from are both constricted where they meet. the sea, Lato is high in minerals, This type of seaweed, amino acid, and iodine, thus according to SIA can thrive in a useful for people suffering from variety of environments, usually on thyroid problems. The Seaweed substrate composed of coral rubble Industry Association (SIA) cited or rocks to over 50 meters deep, but that, Caulerpa lentillifera is high in it is also common in shallow, muddy minerals, A, C, and several lagoons. It is generally found on essential unsaturated fatty acids. sandy to mussy substrates on reef It is reported to have antibacterial flats that are not exposed during low and antifungal properties, and is tides and where the water is generally used to treat high blood pressure calm. It may form extensive beds and rheumatism. Other studies or meadows in exceptionally good reported Lato to be a good source habitats. of which helps reduce Indigenous in the Philippines, high blood pressure and prevents Lato is particularly abundant in heart attack. Panlatuan Cove in Pilar, , According to the study of Philippines. According to the Trono (1988), there are more than Municipal Agriculture Office of 30 species and varieties of Caulerpa Panlatuan, it grows naturally and

12 October – December 2015 BAR R&D DIGEST Lato is called “Sea Grapes” because it resembles bunches of little grapes. The spherical beads are tightly packed together on vertical stems, which arise from long horizontal stems that creep over the ocean floor like runners.

abundantly in high level of salinity The SIA recommended that with 28-31 parts per thousand (ppt) planting of Lato is done by hand and is usually in season from October and are pushed into the soft bottom to May. of muddy aquaculture ponds in Lato is stenohaline which mangrove areas at 0.5 - 1 meter means that is able to live only intervals. Sometimes broadcasting within a narrow range of saltwater is used but this is not as efficient as concentrations. It cannot thrive in the plants are loose on the bottom areas where salinity is less than 25 and can be moved by water motion percent. According to SIA, salinities induced by wind action on the lower than 30 percent would already surface. The depth of pond should result in crop loss. Growth of natural be about 0.5 meters, and areas of stocks in habitats where water about 0.5 hectares are usual. becomes brackish during the rainy The Lato is usually season, or those cultured in ponds, is harvested two months after the highly seasonal. first planting wherein it is pulled Lato has a high potential. It is out of the muddy bottom. Some a highly-demanded sea product both are left as seed for the next harvest. locally and abroad, hence it is now Harvesting can then be done every being farmed commercially in the two weeks depending on growth country. As a high-valued ingredients rates. ### in Sushi, Lato is exported to Japan. Caulerpa lentillifera is best ------adapted to pond culture. The species References: is sensitive to changes of salinity, Seaweed Industry Association. (2014). so pond areas must be placed away Caulerpa lentillifera. Retrieved from: https://seaweedindustry.com/seaweed/ from any freshwater sources as this type/caulerpa-lentillifera will result to great loss crop. Successful cultivation of Trono, G.C. (1988). Manual on Seaweed Lato greatly depends on its water Culture. Food and Agriculture management. Ponds must be Organization of the United Nations. designed so that tidal flows can be ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale used to change the water in the Coastal Fisheries Development Project. ponds every second day. Manila, Philippines.

BAR R&D DIGEST October – December 2015 13 A bright future for the nightshades

BY PATRICK RAYMUND A. LESACA

he Philippines has a wealth reach up to 100cm in height. The or stewed and used as a relish. The of indigenous vegetables stem is smooth and bears small nutritional value showed that Kawat, that can be tapped, utilized, hairs, and its flowers are usually especially the leaves, can provide T white. The leaves are alternate and rich amounts of protein and amino and promoted. The development and promotion on the use of indigenous ovate and can reach 10 cm in length acids, minerals including , vegetables must be packaged in and 5cm in width. The fruit is fleshy iron and phosphorus, Vitamins A and such a way that people will not only round and is up to 2 cm in diameter C, fat and fibre as well as , be aware of them, but will actually and yellowish when ripe. The seeds an amino acid that is scarce in consume them as food source, are brown and numerous. other vegetables. The berries yield and be aware of their medicinal It is also believed to be a high amounts of iron, calcium, and and nutraceutical properties. This, food crop with medicinal properties. vitamin B and appreciable amounts however, requires research to support Consumption of its leaves and fruits of and carotene. The seeds claims on their benefits. as food is widespread, particularly too contain vitamin C and carotene. One indigenous vegetable in Africa and Southeast Asia, Kawat is often mentioned that has great potential but is including the Philippines. Kawat is and illustrated in all of the early unknown to many is Kawat or black also known as annual nightshade, herbals. Since then the species has nightshades (Solanum nigrum) common nightshade, and garden continued to be widely acclaimed from the Solanaceae family. Known nightshade. In some parts of the for its medicinal benefits in every mainly among the settlers of South country, it’s called onti and lubi-lubi. country where the taxon is found. Cotabato, Sarangani and Sultan As food source, its leaves Freshly prepared extracts of the Kudarat in Mindanao, Kawat is an and tender shoots are widely used plant are found effective in the annual herbaceous plant that can as vegetables and can be boiled treatment of cirrhosis of the liver

14 October – December 2015 BAR R&D DIGEST and as antidote to opium poisoning. University, Palawan Agricultural nigrum) with 94 percent citation as An alcoholic extract of leaves is Center, and the DA-Regional Field compared to other plant families. active against Staphylococcus aurens Office 12. In terms of and Escherichia coli. Berries also Project leader, Dr. Rodel behaviour, researchers observed possess tonic, diuretic, and cathartic G. Maghirang of UPLB claimed that it is more effective to bag the properties and are also useful in heart that indigenous vegetables are plants and not the flowers. Results diseases and as a domestic treatment often compared to the more showed that flowers not bagged for fevers, diarrhea, ulcers, and eye conventional vegetables in terms and bagged resulted to 40 percent troubles. The seeds are reportedly of productivity and profitability fruit set, while flowers that were used to treat gonorrhoea and dysuria. which could be an unfair left open resulted to 86.66 percent The potential of Kawat as comparison since the former have fruit set. This showed that it has food source has been explored their place in the cropping system self-pollinated although cross and documented through a project not solely as source of nutrition/ pollination can also happen. titled, “Indigenous Vegetables in food, but also for biodiversity, Given the promising Regions 1, 4B, and 12” that is being habitation of natural enemies and potentials of Kawat, extensive implemented by the Crop Science other indirect benefits. research and development Cluster-University of the Philippines Based on the progress initiatives can be further Los Baños (CSC-UPLB). Funded by the report submitted to BAR, undertaken by promoting it as a Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR), researchers were able to conventional crop and for other the project aimed to help increase survey, collect, document, commercial uses since both the vegetable consumption of the country and characterize indigenous leaves and berries are used as a through the collection, development, vegetables and food plants in the source of dyes. Furthermore, the and promotion of the utilization of selected regions. The researchers species can be used as fodder for indigenous vegetables. Specifically, also obtained information from cattle and goats, just like in some the project sought to: 1) survey majority of the respondents, some parts of Africa. The plant can also and collect indigenous vegetables of them belonging to the B’laan provide economic opportunities as in the regions; 2) document the and T’boli tribes, who said that the an additional source of income and uses and production system; 3) Kawat’s young shoots and leaves livelihood among farmers. ### evaluate agronomic and horticultural are cooked with sardines and can ------characters of the collected plants; be eaten as vegetables. While the References: and 4) study the propagation and focus of the research project is pollination methods. in Mindanao, Kawat can also be Solanum nigrum —Garden Nightshade, The project dwells on the found elsewhere in the country. W. Curtis, Flora Londinsis, Ed. 1, Vol. 1:86 (1777), International Plant Genetic survey, collection, documentation A total of 52 accessions Resources Institute, 1997 and characterization of indigenous were collected and 43 species vegetables and food plants in Region were identified belonging to 20 Indigenous Vegetable Development 12, particularly in the provinces families. The highest frequency of in Regions 1, 4B, 12 (Phase I), R. of South Cotabato, Sarangani, citation was from the Solanaceae Maghirang, et al, Progress Report, and Sultan Kudarat. It is also a family, which is represented by September 2015 collaborative effort of researchers native tomato (Lycopersicon from UPLB, Mariano Marcos State esculentum) and Kawat (Solanum Lubi-lubi. Philippine Medicinal Plants. Retrieved from: http://www. stuartxchange.com/Lubi-lubi.html

For more information, contact: Dr. Rodel G. Maghirang Crop Science Cluster Institute of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna Telephone Number: (049) 576-0089 Phone: (049) 536-5287 Email: [email protected]

BAR R&D DIGEST October – December 2015 15 Lubeg underutilized fruit, now Apayao’s pride

BY DIANA ROSE A. DE LEON

tree teeming with fruits. and commercialization of this genus possess polyphenols, But that all it is. In normal particular fruit. micronutrients found in edible A days, it serves as shade plants. According to literatures, for those want to cool off from Knowing Lubeg polyphenols prevents acquiring the scorching heat of the sun, and Lubeg (Syzygium cancer and cardiovascular and its fruits, falling from the tree just lineatum), locally known as neurodegenerative diseases. littered around the ground, left to Malubeg and Alebadu, belongs Commonly, fruits and beverages rot and unconsumed. to the Myrtaceae family. It is a such as tea and red wine are rich This is the usual scenario fruit tree that reaches up to five sources of polyphenols. of most indigenous fruit trees. They meters in height and commonly abound in a particular area but they grows in shaded and open areas. Adding value to Lubeg remain underutilized not because Due to its size, the tree is usually Harnessing the health they have no value but most people used as a shade and live fence. Its benefits and its potential as a do not know their uses. Their leaves are simple attached to the profitable agribusiness enterprise, potentials are not yet explored and stem oppositely arranged, ovoid ASC researchers gave economical therefore they remain ignored and to elliptical in shape measuring on value to Lubeg and other unappreciated. about 8-10 cm, and sour in taste. indigenous fruits in Apayao such Over the years, the Its flowers have an inferior ovary, as Bignay kalabaw and Balayang campaign of the Philippine regular and complete. (wild banana). With funding government of “Food for All” has Lubeg fruits appear in support from the Bureau of been intensified. Many indigenous cluster, whitish at first but turn Agricultural Research (BAR), ASC plants, which were once disregarded red to violet when ripe. It is best implemented a project to develop, have now been explored and described by the locals as cherry- promote, and commercialize more people have discovered their like fruit with thick, fleshy, spongy, processing technologies for the value, thus responding not only to and brittle rind with size that can Apayao’s indigenous fruits. food security but also as source reach up to 13 mm long. The research team was of income especially among rural It belongs to the Syzygium able to develop Lubeg products communities. genus just like duhat (Syzygium including wine, fruit juice and One promising indigenous cumini) and lipote (Syzygium concentrates, jam, jellies and fruit bearing tree is the Lubeg, found curranii) and can be eaten fresh. syrups, and vinegar. The Lubeg abundantly in Apayao and some It has a citrusy taste and can jam and jelly are also used as parts of Cagayan. To further study be used as a souring agent in fillers for baked products such its potentials, the Apayao State dishes like . Various plant Inipit, custard cake, cupcake, College (ASC) led the exploration species belonging to Syzygium and doughnut. They also tried

16 October – December 2015 BAR R&D DIGEST making a variety of flavors such products. Members were trained bioavailability. Retrieved January 20, as Lubeg-pineapple fillings and on baking, wine-making, and 2016 at http://ajcn.nutrition.org/ Lubeg-lemongrass juice. A sensory packaging and labelling. content/79/5/727.full evaluation was done for Lubeg ASC is already able Ocampo, R.O. and Usita, N.P. (2015). wine to see its performance to secure utility models at the Development of lubeg (Syzygium against other fruit wines such as Intellectual Property Office for the lineTUM (Roxb.) Merr. and Perry) Bignay and duhat. Results showed Lubeg wine and fruit preserves. processed products. Retrieved that Lubeg is much preferred by ### January 18, 2016 at http://www.apjmr. consumers that the other two com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ fruits. ------APJMR-2015-3.4.3.15.pdf As the project is hope to For more information, please contact, be elevated as an agribusiness Ronald O. Ocampo P1.5-Million budget being released Research Director- Luna Campus enterprise, ASC tapped two for Apayao indigenous fruit Lubeg Apayao State College (Philippine cherry) for its well-liked wine people’s organizations: Pudtol Mobile: 09205545842 or 09399053188 and vinegar. (2015). Retrieved January Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries email: [email protected] 18, 2016 at http://businessdiary.com. Multipurpose; and Women’s ph/6320/p1-5-million-budget-released- Welfare Organization (WWO)- References: apayao-indigenous-fruit-lubeg- Luna, to handle the processing and Manach, C. and et al. (2004). philippine-cherry-well-liked-wine- commercialization of the Lubeg Polyphenols: food sources and vinegar/

BAR R&D DIGEST October – December 2015 17 Marbling, unique taste of BY PATRICK RAYMUND A. LESACA native pig

he Marinduque pig (Sus size of seven piglets. The mature by the Bureau of Animal Industry domesticus) is native in weight can reach 49.58 kilograms. (BAI), Bureau of Agricultural Tthe island province of These animals are also perceived Research (BAR), and other Marinduque. There are three variants to have the ability to grow and livestock stakeholders. The of this pig with distinct visual reproduce even under adverse idea of conserving and utilizing phenotypes such as pure black pig, conditions and are more resistant to these native pigs was brought black with white-feet pig, and multi- common diseases. They are cost- about by the implementation color pig. effective especially for smallscale of the Philippine Native Animal This native pig is a small farmers who cannot afford to buy Development (PNAD) Program, breed having color variations of solid commercial feeds. Locally-available which aimed at highlighting the black or brown with white trimmings feed resources like banana trunks significant role of native animals on its underside. It has a straight face, and leaves, copra, rice bran, and in providing food and income- short snout with large eyes and erect cooked cassava can also be fed to generating activities for the ears. The neck is slightly slender and them. Filipinos. the shoulders are smooth. Its body BAR, as the lead R&D conformation is generally having a R&D initiatives on native pig coordinating agency for the low back framework and the belly is Concerted efforts on program, continues to strengthen low and pouchy almost touching the conservation, evaluation, and the livestock industry by partnering ground. The hindquarters are short. commercialization of Philippine and supporting research and It has an average litter native pigs are being undertaken development (R&D) projects and

18 October – December 2015 BAR R&D DIGEST initiatives, particularly on native pigs can be organically-grown as commercialization of developed swine. well. Raised without the use of technologies, profitability and Capitalizing on the antibiotics, only naturally-available viability as well as the conduct of “farm-to-table” approach of feeds since they are highly- market studies were consulted the Department of Agriculture adaptable to the environment. with the stakeholders as part of its (DA), BAR collaborated with the They can tolerate heat and cold continuing R&D endeavors. ### BAI-National Swine and Poultry better than imported pig breeds. Research and Development Center Their small size ranges from 30 References: (NSPRDC) through the project titled to 50 kilos for mature weight, “Evaluation and Commercialization and 10 to 30 kgs of grower Bondoc, Orville L, JMD Dominguez, FF of Philippine Native Pigs”. The stocks makes them ideal for Peñalba (June 2013). DNA barcoding of domestic swine breeds and crossbreeds project aimed to: 1) establish lechon. The marbling and unique (Sus scrofa) in the Pphilippines. a production system that will taste of the meat of native pigs Philippine Journal of Veterinary and commercialize native pig raising makes it mouth-watering for the Animal Sciences, Volume 39, Issue 1. under small-hold farmers level; 2) consumers. conserve, evaluate, and propagate A BAR-funded project Monleon, Arnolfo, Sources of Variance the native pig; 3) determine the on the value chain analysis of In Pre-Wean Growth, Traits of Marinduke performance of native pigs in native pigs in Luzon, conducted Pig (Sus domesticus). (October 2015). small-hold farmers level; 4) identify by the Center for Environmental International Journal of Scientific and and improve the feeding and Law and Policy Advocacy (CELPA), Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 10. management practices as well as Inc., indicated that native pigs to determine the cost and return in dominated the swine industry by Oliva, JE. (2015). Value Chain Analysis of raising native pigs. as high as 85 percent compared Native Lechon in Luzon. A presentation Dr. Rene C. Santiago, center to the hybrids with 15 percent of during the PNAD Project Review, 7-8 chief of BAI-NSPRDC, also the the total pig population in the December 2015. project leader, has collected three province. Native pig production different strains of native pigs, under backyard farming in Santiago, R. Native Pig. A presentation namely: Marinduque, Benguet, Marinduque is a micro family during the PNAD Project Review, 7-8 and Bundok Peninsula to study enterprise. December 2015. further their phenotypic and Other than the Querubin, GG. (2012) Native pigs bring genetic characteristics as well as to conservation, promotion, and P140M to Marinduque. (June 26, 2012). determine the population size and utilization of native pigs, the Inquirer Southern Luzon. distribution, breeding structure, project explores other market effective population ratio, among potentials for native pigs aside For more information, contact: others. These endemic pigs are from lechon, such as processed Dr. Rene Santiago called and known by their province meat and leather, among Center Chief IV of origin. For instance, in the others. The identification of National Swine and Poultry Research and province of Marinduque it is called uses and trait preferences for Development Center Bureau of Animal Industry Marinduque pig. native animals, enhancement Phone: (042) 585-7727 Dr. Santiago said, native of enterprise development, and email: [email protected]

BAR R&D DIGEST October – December 2015 19 Healthy and flavorful NATIVE CHICKENS BY VICTORIANO B. GUIAM

n Philippine rural areas, broilers cannot hope to match. source of poultry products. one invariably encounters The native chicken has Native animals are Inative chickens. Raising developed in such a way that it those that are indigenous to native chickens is one of the can survive and multiply under a given region or ecosystem common activities of Filipino marginal conditions, requiring which have developed unique farm families which are reared minimal management. They are features for successful survival in the traditional way - known more economical to raise than and reproduction under their otherwise as free-range. Native commercial chicken as they natural environments. It is said chickens are flighty and are require less feed. As a practice, that most of the animals that uneasy around people. But being native chickens are allowed to survived Typhoon Yolanda were the hardy and resilient creatures roam the farm where they can native animals. The Food and that they are, they need little feed on a variety of greens and Agriculture Organization defines human care. They are moderately insects. They are fed twice a native animals as species or prolific and are a ready source day with farm by-products such breeds found in a particular place of inexpensive meat and eggs as crack corn, rice bran, and and which have propagated for home consumption and can unmilled rice. there for the last 50 years. As provide cash for the family when With the launching in of 2013, there were 78,460,000 needed. 2011 of the Philippine Native native chickens out of a total Native chickens are Animals Development (PNAD) of 176,850,000 population inferior to other chicken program by the Department nationwide. breeds in terms of egg and of Agriculture (DA) through Intensification of native meat production. A female can the leadership of the Bureau chicken production is one way to produce only 40-60 eggs per of Animal Industry (BAI), the maximize the benefits that may year while commercial layer Department is moving to be gained from them particularly breeds, such as White Leg Horn, maximize the socio-economic if done with a community-based can produce more than 200 impact of native animals to help approach involving the farmers eggs. However, what they lack address concerns on economic in a given locality. With this in quantity, they more than growth, health, and poverty in view, DA RFO-4B and DA RFO-5 make up for in healthy food the country. The program seeks collaborated on a project titled, value and flavor. The eggs and to develop policies and initiatives “Comparative Performance and meat of native meat are lower in for sustainable conservation, Community-based Production of cholesterol. production and marketing of Native Chicken in Luzon”. Funded Given its distinct taste, native animals, including native by the Bureau of Agricultural leanness, and pigmentation chickens, both locally and abroad. Research (BAR), the project was compared to broilers there is a Agriculture Secretary Proceso J. led by Dr. Elena B. delos Santos, demand for native chicken. Its Alcala wants the native chicken regional technical director of meat is preferred by discerning industry to take advantage of the DA RFO-5. It aimed to provide Filipino consumers. Traditional fact that Philippines has remained farmers with information on what chicken recipes like tinola and free of the avian influenza that native chicken breed to raise inasal came into being with brought havoc on the poultry depending on their purpose and native chicken meat in mind, the industries of neighboring Asian objectives. taste quality of which commercial countries and is therefore a good For characterization, four

20 October – December 2015 BAR R&D DIGEST strains of native chicken present The researchers remind Delmeguez. (2015). Comparative in Luzon were used in the project. poultry breeders to keep close Performance and Community- These were: Banaba of Batangas, to the PNAD principles in the Based Production of Native Chicken in Luzon. Unpublished Terminal Bolinao of Pangasinan, Camarines utilization and conservation of Report submitted to the Bureau of of Bicol, and Paraoakan of Palawan domesticated native animals. Agricultural Research on November 4, for characterization. Samples of Breeding programs have to be 2015. the strains were gathered and limited to specific purposes and compared in terms of performance precaution taken so as not to Garin S. (2014). Philippine Native in physique (meat) and eggs. The dilute the genetic resources in Animal Development Act of 2014. results of the comparison showed the indigenous animal population House Bill No. 3880. Retrieved from that the Paraoakan chicken is the within their areas. ### http://www.aambis.com/legislation/ tallest, heaviest, has the longest house-bill/hb-3880-philippine-native- body length and shank length, has ------animal-development-act-2014. the widest average chest girth, For more information, contact: Dr. Elena B. delos Santos Raising Chickens. (n.d.). The Philippine and is the fastest grower at 20 and Native Chicken is also known by the 25 weeks of age. It also has the Regional Technical Director DA- Regional Field Office 5 name: Darag. Retrieved from http:// heaviest and largest eggs among Pili, www.raising-chickens.org/Philippine- the four major native chicken strains Native-Chicken.html in Luzon. The Camarines native References: chicken strain was the second in Barriga, C. (2011). “DA to tap native Valencia, C. (2015). “DA eyes height and growth performance. animals’ socio-economic potential.” commercial market for native These make Paraoakan chicken Balita. Retrieved from http://balita. chicken.” The Philippine Star. Retrieved from http://www.philstar.com/ the best strain to use in improving ph/2011/03/08/da-to-tap-native- animals-socio-economic-potential/ business/2015/09/22/1502450/ the growth performance of native da-eyes-commercial-market-native- chickens for Luzon growers. Delos Santos, E., A.T. San Buenaventura, S.L. Ampongan, L.M. Beltran, N. chicken

BAR R&D DIGEST October – December 2015 21 Cracking product lines from Pili BY DARYL LOU A. BATTAD

onsider simple home decors and other beneficial domestic and economic Going nuts with Pili fixtures made out ofPili . Sounds uses. Several researches from the region With all its beneficial uses, Cgood? Markets have to watch out revealed that Pili pulp can also be used who would have thought that some for this soon. as chicken and animal feed. The Pili pulp 60 years ago, Pili was considered Pili , an indigenous crop oil, comparable to that of coconut oil, can as of no commercial value and was home to the , is a slowly be used for cooking. It can also be used only used as bets in traditional street prevailing commodity, joining its globally- as fuel for lighting, and just recently, for games? known counterparts, and cosmetic and pharmaceutical products Thank goodness for nuts. Pili is considered a high including and perfumes. researchers who took notice and went value crop and is valued not only of its In the Philippines, Pili nut is nuts in the many potentials of this wide variety of food uses, but also of its widely used as snacks and desserts crop. sensibly acquired good merit in the local such as cakes, tarts, and . The Bicol region, through the furniture and handicraft business. It has also been explored as base for efforts of its local government units sauces, toppings as in salads, garnish, and the Department of Agriculture Extensive uses and stuffing. Its food uses have been Regional Field Office (DA-RFO) 5, has Scientifically-known as modernized, elevating into special mid- taken the lead in the production of ovatum, Pili ranks second to high-end cuisines. In Asia, Hongkong, Pili nuts especially for entrepreneurial to in terms of economic value. and are said to be the biggest purposes. In fact, in the provinces of A flagship commodity of the Bicol buyers of Pili nut, consuming it in their and Sorsogon, the provincial region, pili nut has a share of 85 percent traditional . Still, nothing government gives tax incentives to in domestic production, the region beats the glazed and honey or garlic those who grow Pili trees. Owing to being the country’s major producer. In roasted Pili nuts that Filipinos, especially the highly assessed export-potentials, 2011, regional production reached to the Bicolanos love. the government has elected the approximately 23,221 metric tons. Pili nuts also offer excellent Pili nut as flagship-product of the The Pili fruit is technically a health benefits. The kernel, which is impoverished province of Bicol and which consists of pulp (68 percent considered the most important part has promised supports to farmers, by weight), shell (25 percent by weight), of the Pili nut, is rich in manganese, processors, and dealers with regard to and seed (7 percent by weight). The seed , calcium, , protein, and its commercial exploitation. is covered with a papery seed coat or phosphorus. The kernel oil is said to In the field of research and testa primarily of moisture (8 percent), improve the body’s lipid profile as it is development, DA-RFO 5 conducted protein (14.2 percent dry weight), and fat rich in antioxidants. Moreover, Pili nuts various researches to contribute to (68.5 percent dry weight). are rich in heart-healthy omega fatty the expansion of the Pili industry. Popularly valued mainly for acids, aiding in reducing risks of known These involve studies on promoting its nuts, Pili has been explored to have cardiovascular diseases. diversified and integrated Pili-based

22 October – December 2015 BAR R&D DIGEST Cracking product lines from Pili

farming systems geared towards the improvement of resources base and the upliftment of the socio-economic condition of smallscale Pili farmers. In general, the region’s R&D sector hopes to strengthen and advance the Pili industry of the Philippines through its parallel efforts in constantly intensifying production to meet its growing demand in both local and international markets. A recent project titled, Trade and Industry (DTI) in January In this regard, the DA-RFO 5 “Product Development and 2014. They were also granted a partners with A. D. Perol and Coco Shell Commercialization of Pili by- certificate of copyright registration Products through this project to create products in Region 5” led by a team in that same year by the Intellectual a way to help farmers in providing of researchers led by Dr. Abelardo Property Office of the Philippines a sure market of their produce, Bragas, OIC-Regional Executive (IPOPhil). thus an increase in their incomes. Director and Ms. Luz Marcelino, chief A.D. Perol Pili and Coco With this project, the technology of the Research Division of DA-RFO Shell Products is a small home- commercialization of Pili products will 5, is targeting to conduct commercial based Industry, located at Tamaoyan, promote more opportunities for Pili processing of Pili, showcasing its food Legazpi City, Albay. It is primarily entrepreneurs to gain more knowledge and non-food products. engaged in the production of to improve their products. It also intends Funded by the Bureau of Pili shells as home decors and to develop state of the art products, Agricultural Research, the project is set furniture. Their area of operation nature inspired accessories, innovative to introduce new products developed is within Legazpi City only, but fashion jewelries, and home decors as from pili shells, among others. Food with occasional demand outside their best exportable biodegradable products from Pili have reached the the area. The business is basically products. ### commercial level, having established a family enterprise run purely by ------ Centers and institutional the members of the family. Their For more information, contact: buyers such as SM, Market Market! and raw materials are sourced out from Ms. Luz R. Marcelino Rustan’s where assorted Pili products the waste materials of local Pili Chief, Research Division are distributed. processors in Albay, Camarines Bicol Integrated Agricultural Research Currently, DA-RFO 5, together Sur, and Sorsogon. Home decors Center, DA-RFO 5 San Agustin, Pili, Camarines Sur with other stakeholders, sees more vary from accents to furniture, wall Tel. No.: (054) 477-0475 potentials of Pili using its shells, decors, trays, novelty items, bags, email: [email protected] developing home decors and furniture. placemats, and lamp shades among Venturing into this rather unlikely others. Resources: by-product that came as a surprise, However, the limited Gallegos, R., Suministrado, D., Amongo, the research team is seeing a positive resources and lack of some R., and Madlangbayan, M. (2013). Some response from consumers. machinery is the most challenging Physical and Mechanical Properties of Pili part of their operation. But this (Canarium ovatum Engl. cv. Katutubo) Nut Market watch: Pili shells home small business’ vision to create high as a Function of Nut Moisture Content. accents end products out of Pili shells and PHILIPP AGRIC SCIENTIST, Vol. 96(No. 1, The concept and development employment in the community, 66–74). Retrieved from http://journals. of Pili shells into home decors and along with its mission to promote uplb.edu.ph/index.php/PAS/article/ furniture started way back in 2012, in the Pili shell products to the national viewFile/879/809 which the experimental phase lasted level and be recognized as one of for nearly two years. Mr. A.D. Perol the best and unique products of the Bragas, A., Madrid, E., Marcelino, L., Autos, from Tamaoyan, Legazpi City, started Philippines are their driving force to N., and De Asis, A. Product Development this business and had it officially continuously strengthen and expand and Commercialization of Pili By-Products registered with the Department of their business. in Region 5.

BAR R&D DIGEST October – December 2015 23 Blooming potentials from the unexpected BY EPHRAIM JOHN J. GESTUPA Roselle

lowers are admired, mostly for humid, and without any occurrence according to the study report of the its beauty. But there are those frost and mist. They grow best at Department of Agriculture-Regional Fthat go beyond their aesthetic 25 degrees Celsius and 900 meters Field Office (DA-RFO) 10. Salads and value and people have discovered their above sea level. The only place in cooked meat can also be integrated uses extending as food source. the Philippines that has managed with Roselle leaves and tender Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa to grow Roselle in large amounts is shoots. In the Philippines, Roselle is L.), is an indigenous plant grown in Northern Mindanao. used an as a souring ingredient in some parts of Mindanao whose entire A majority of products, making tinola and sinigang through anatomy can be used for a variety of including tea, wine, syrup, and its calyces and stems. culinary purposes. jellies have been made out of Considered to have Originally from West Africa Roselle, mainly from its calyx, a antihypertensive properties, Roselle where the plant’s bloom is used to protective layer that encloses the contains helpful antioxidants that make tea, Roselle was introduced in part of the plant that where the help prevent the accumulation Asia during the 17th century. Its origin petals and seeds grow out of. Its of fatty particles within the within the Asian region is attributed to calyces make the plant look like its bloodstream. It is very rich in vitamin its function as raw material for the fiber budding small fruit. This fruit-like C and calcium which makes it a used to make sugar sacks in . part can be dried and used to make perfect herbal remedy to coughs In the 20th century, Roselle tea. It could also be used as juices and colds. For those who are trying has already been growing in Sri Lanka, after the fresh calyces are boiled. to lose weight, drinking tea derived Thailand, , and Indonesia. For Aside from making drinks, “jellies, from Roselle helps in regulating it to thrive, the crop must be planted sauces, chutneys, wines, preserves the processing of too many in very specific conditions. It only and...natural food colorants” can carbohydrates that cause excess grows in tropical places that are warm, also be derived from the plants, weight. The tea can also serve as a

24 October – December 2015 BAR R&D DIGEST diuretic that aids in getting rid of the yield to the overall size of the plant. Salvani, project leader, said body’s excess fluids. Yield performances of Roselle being that “[the research center] will be According to Juanita Salvani of harvested as calyces and as seeds exploring other products like Roselle DA-RFO 10, in the Philippines, research were also assessed. Finally, the capsule. Trials on intercropping done on Roselle was only limited to research is looking into the storability with other identified crops in the the exploratory planting of the variety of harvested Roselle calyces of under provinces is programmed this year along with indigenous vegetables normal room temperature and under and is hoped to be completed in cultivars in regions 10, 4A, and 5. In an cool storage. 2017. Microbial and nutrient analysis effort to boost the crop’s marketability To prompt greater demand of all products will be done once in the industry of selling agricultural for Roselle products, DA-RFO 10 is we can come up with the best products, DA-RFO 10 implemented adding a promotional and marketing treatment of each products.” a research on the value-adding and aspect to their research. This is done product development of Roselle. by building displays in different In 2014, the DA-RFO 10 forums and commercialization ------References: initiated a project titled, “Development centers where survey questionnaires Roc. (2011). The Health Benefits of of Production, Post Production and could be handed out and answered Roselle or Hibiscus. Retrieved on 19 Utilization Technologies of Roselle by average consumers. It also plans January 2016 from: http://www.esgreen. (Hibiscus sabdariff L.) in Region 10” to on selling their Roselle products com develop the production of Roselle in in Pasalubung Centers all over the plantations across the Philippines, Mindanao. Wong, Wilson. (2009). Discover the the way it is planted along with other To intensify the product’s Many Uses of the Roselle Plant!. crops, and the harvest and postharvest competitiveness in both local Retrieved on 19 January 2016 from: methods used by the farmers. and international market, Roselle https://mygreenspace.nparks.gov.sg Specifically, the research aimed to products are not only limited to tea Domingo, Ronnel W. (2013). Roselle develop value-adding technologies, and beverage. Roselle is flexible in Plant Products Go for the Big Time. and fine tune product quality, labelling terms of the many ways one can Retrieved on 19 January 2016 from: and packaging. “Part of the research prepare its calyces, leaves, and http://business.inquirer.net efforts of adding value to Roselle seeds and turn them into products products is also an assessment of like perfume, food powder, and Silvani, Juanita. (2015). Development the “antioxidant activity and health food colouring. DA-RFO 10 is still of Production, Post Production and wellness components of [the] on the process of developing the Utilization Technologies of Roselle developed products,” Salvani added. quality of these Roselle products, (Hibiscus sabdariff L.) in Region 10 (unpublished progress report submitted In finding ways to improve the taking into account improving to DA-BAR). Department of Agriculture- yield, both in quality and in quantity, the packaging of each product to Regional Field Office 10. DA-RFO 10’s research involved testing optimize the consumer’s experience. the effects of organic and inorganic It is also working closely with partner For more information, please contact: fertilizers on growth. Other factors agencies such as the Department Juanita Salvani were examined included planting of Science and Technology in Project Leader distance and intercropping methods. conducting tests to analyze the DA-Regional Field Office 10 For the latter variable, the research nutritional content of each Roselle Dalwangan, Malaybalay City center has been monitoring a number product. email: [email protected] of plantation sites around Mindanao that have Roselle intercropped with a different plant such as coffee, cacao, coconut, lanzones, and rubber. These Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), sites included farms in Camuigin, Bukidnon, Misamis Occidental, and is an indigenous plant grown in Misamis Oriental. Part of improving the plant some parts of Mindanao whose production systems was also preparing harvest and postharvest methods that entire anatomy can be used for at par with the yield. The research involved the identification of an ideal a variety of culinary purposes. harvest index for the Roselle. Harvest index is the proportion of a plants

BAR R&D DIGEST October – December 2015 25 Sustaining the rare Tikod Amo photo from: auntiedogmasgardenspot.wordpress.com BY RITA T. DELA CRUZ

iven the geographic in our midst, it’s not surprising muscle). Physically, the meat of features and the favorable that one in awhile, scientists and Tikod Amo is aesthetically attractive Gtropical location of the researchers discover new species. having multi-colors in its internal Philippines, it is not surprising One endemic species recently parts. to know that the country has discovered is a marine bivalve “This species seems to an exceptionally high rate of mollusk, locally known as Tikod be unknown in the international endemism or the prevalence of Amo. species nomenclature database. particular species exclusively Tikod Amo is an oyster We found no information that within the country’s geographic species which can only be found in describes its biological features, so boundaries. The abundance of its the coastal municipalities of Barobo, we assumed Tikod Amo is a new coral reef life makes the Philippines Lianga Bay in Surigao del Sur. The species,” said Ms. Gemma A. Asufre, regarded by international marine name originated from Kamayo, researcher from the Surigao del Sur scientists as the “Center of language of people living in the State University (SDSSU). Marine Biodiversity” in the world, central eastern coast of Mindanao, Based on a related study surpassing the Great Barrier Reef of which was derived from the external of the molecular biology of Tikod . appearance of the oyster which Amo that was conducted at the With such rich biodiversity means ‘ankle of an ape’ (adductor University of the Philippines Los

26 October – December 2015 BAR R&D DIGEST Baños, report indicated that “there wanted to buy at least 300 kilos combination of species having was a five percent difference of the per week.” different food habits. The mixture DNA of Tikod Amo from the DNA of of different fishes gives better Spondylus squamosos.’’ Although Polyculturing Tikod Amo utilization of available natural food the difference will still have to be With the increasing produced in a pond. verified, the researchers are certain demand for Tikod Amo and the Compared with monoculture that Tikod Amo can be “considered constant harvest, the natural stock system of fish production, the as a new species of Spondylus of this oyster in the wild is now possibilities of increasing fish yield (group of marine bivalve mollusk). being threatened. Also, the practice per unit area through polyculture According to the study, among gatherers of collecting spat is considerably higher and more Tikod Amo oysters were observed (baby oysters) from the wilds is not profitable. Also, combining different attaching into rocks, hard corals, sustainable and it poses a threat, species in a polyculture system logs, shell substrates, bamboo poles, not only to the diversity of oyster effectively improves the pond and old tires. Others were found species in the area, but also to the environment. in hard surface bottoms. These hard coral substrates where these One recommended observations served as bases for species naturally dwell. As a result, culture technique for Tikod Amo the researchers to prove that this the oyster catch has declined by 40 is the bottom polyculture wherein endemic oyster has higher potential to 60 percent between 2006 and oysters are grown together with for culture which addresses its 2008. seaweeds and fishes like milkfish declining population in the coastal Knowing its species and siganid in the mariculture areas areas of Barobo. identification is crucial in the of Barobo Bay. As recommended in culture of this endemic species. the study, integrating oysters in a Seafood delicacy This provided the rationale for polyculture system may be applied A seafood delicacy, Tikod DSSSU, led by Asufre, to probe on 146 hectares of fishpens in the Amo is an instant hit, not only further into the of Tikod mariculture zone. among the locals, but also to those Amo and to look into the specific This kind of culture who have heard about it and have methods and systems to address system will not only increase the tried its unique and delicious taste. its declining population. The production of Tikod Amo, together Harvesting Tikod Amo has two-year study titled, “Preliminary with other species, but it will also also become a good source of Study of Tikod Amo on its Potential expand employment among both income among the marginalized as an Oyster Culture Species” mariculture fishermen and oyster fishers in the coastal areas of Surigao was funded by the Bureau of gatherers. Culturing of the Tikod del Sur. Given its high demand, the Agricultural Research (BAR). Amo is seen to boost Philippines’ price of Tikod Amo is higher than the The study, which serves 15,000-20,000 metric ton (MT) price of any ordinary oyster meat as a pioneering research for this yearly oyster production which has available in the market. Its current endemic oyster, specifically aimed prospective export markets in China price in the local market is about to determine the anatomical and South Korea. P400 per kilo for the unshelled meat. features and other biological With the culture technology, With such demand, production features of Tikod Amo that is environment-friendly systems can be cannot adequately supply the local abundant in in Barobo, Lianga Bay; employed. Also, the culture of these hotels and restaurants. and know its spatfall (spawning endemic oyster species will not Internationally, it is also season). The study also looked into only create an alternative livelihood gaining popularity. Among the the survival rate of Tikod Amo from for oyster gatherers but will make foreigners who came to know about transplanting to harvesting; and them collaborators in a sustainable this rare oyster species, Tikod Amo determine its yields using different farming system that will preserve has become a hit following curiosity culture systems and methods. our coastal resources. ### about its distinct taste. In fact, Asufre Polyculture is the practice revealed that “Koreans and Chinese of raising more than one species ----- who come to the Philippines to buy of aquatic organism in the same For more information, contact sea cucumber for export are also pond. The principle behind this Ms. Gemma A. Asufre Surigao del Sur State University willing to import Tikod Amo if there’s approach is that fish production mobile no. 0946-333-0229 a supply. One interested supplier can be maximized by raising a email: [email protected]

BAR R&D DIGEST October – December 2015 27 Tinawon heirloom rice is saving Ifugao Rice Terraces BY VICTORIANO B. GUIAM

f the rice terraces in the past” for they continue to produce and soil they have been grown in. provinces of Benguet, agricultural products for the Ifugaos. Due to their genetics, they are often OKalinga, Apayao, Mountain The Cordillera region is home to a resistant to local pests, diseases, and Province and Ifugao in the Cordillera large number of native heirloom rice, extremes of weather. Autonomous Region (CAR), the a special kind of indigenous rice that The heirloom rice of the more popularly ones are in Ifugao have been planted by the ancestors Cordilleras are a special kind of which were recognized as a World of the Ifugaos and other upland indigenous rice. These are colored Heritage Cultural Landscape in tribes from antiquity. Over 500 known rice that possess outstanding 1994. Four clusters of rice terraces, highland varieties of rice have been quality, aroma, texture, color (red/ Banaue (Batad and Bangaan), collected by the International Rice purple/violet), taste, and nutritional Mayoyao (Mayoyao Central), Kiangan Research Institute (IRRI) but many value. Examples are Tinawon fancy (Nagacadan), and Hungduan were more may still be in the hands of (Imbuucan), Tinawon white (Inawi), cited for being “outstanding examples farmers. Ingudpur (Diket), Minaanga and of living cultural landscapes devoted But what exactly is heirloom Ulikan red of Banaue and Hungduan to one of the world’s most important rice and how do they connect with in Ifugao. Tinawon, the best known staple crops – rice” (Nozawa et al., the future of the rice terraces? of the heritage rices which means 2008). The rice terraces are regarded According to IRRI, these are “once-a-year”, is said to be one of as a place where the interaction of traditional rice cultivars passed down the first rice varieties grown widely in people with nature over time has through generations and are grown the rice terraces. developed it into an area of distinct mainly in small family farms. Great challenges exist in character with significant aesthetic, In the Philippines, heirloom the rice terraces: environmental ecological and/or cultural value which rice varieties are grown in the ones; decline of traditional practices is often with high biological diversity. Cordillera and in certain areas of in local community life; and issues According to Acabado (2010), Mindanao such as the Arakan Valley arising from tourism and the the Ifugao Rice Terraces (IRTs) have Complex and Lake Sebu in Cotabato. continued relevance of the local the function of an agricultural system Typically, true heirlooms have communities’ heritage. Of critical and are not simply “relics of the adapted over time to the climate importance is the abandonment

28 October – December 2015 BAR R&D DIGEST of many of the terraces. Poverty is fertilizers, early transplanting, References widespread among local farmers. and proper distancing. According Nozawa, C., M. Malingan, A. Plantilla and Younger generations of to Dr. Catherine Buenaventura, J. Ong. (2008). Evolving culture, evolving Ifugaos have opted to migrate to supervising agriculturist at the landscapes: The Philippine rice terraces. In Amend T., Brown J., Kothari A., Phillips the capital for non-agriculture work Ifugao’s Provincial Agriculture A. and Stolton S. (eds.). Protected instead of the traditional farming Environment and Natural Landscapes and Agrobiodiversity tradition as they have little interest Resources Office (PAENRO), Values. Volume 1 in the series, Protected in agriculture. While tourism has “interventions have led to a five Landscapes and Seascapes. Retrieved increased, it has not been developed percent increase in the production from https://portals.iucn.org/library/ adequately and so has not provided of Tinawon rice during the first efiles/edocs/2008-001.pdf more jobs. cycle”. The Ifugaos’ Tinawon rice is Based on economic Comanda, Z. (2015). Demand for rather low-yielding, is labor intensive, analysis by the Provincial Cordilleras heirloom rice growing. The Manila Bulletin. August 29, and can be cultivated only once Agriculture Office of Mountain 2015. Retrieved from http:// a year. Most of the time, farmers Province, heirloom farmers can www.mb.com.ph/demand-for- can produce just enough rice for get a return on investment of cordilleras-heirloom-rice-growing- household consumption. If a surplus 12-43 percent at a yield of 3.5 abroad/#Rpx2JMO1uRcKPDzr.99) is produced, it usually fetches a low mt/ha at a farmgate price of Php price in a market dominated by 60.00- Php 80.00 per kilogram IRRI (n.d.). The DA-IRRI Heirloom Rice high-yielding rice. Also, with the high of good quality rice. The Rice Project. Retrieved from http://books.irri. cost of repairing and maintaining the Terraces Farmers’ Cooperative org/Heirloom_brochure.pdf irrigation systems, its deterioration (RTFC), which serves as a market Acabado S. (2010). The archaeology of has lowered the rice yield, further for the harvest and production the Ifugao agricultural terraces: antiquity decreasing the farmers’ income. of Tinawon, was able to export and social organization. Cited by Stephen A number of interventions put 11 tons of heirloom rice to US in Ivan aan den Toorn. (2013). Conserving forward target the youth, land tenure, 2014. The facility also started to the Ifugao Rice Terraces World Heritage governance, and development of cater to the local market earlier in Site. Retrieved from https://openaccess. livelihoods. What is clear is the need 2009. leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/21447 to increase household incomes in the With the development of IRT communities which could be met the export market, opportunities Aan den Toorn, S. (2013). Conserving by either increasing their farm income have opened for Tinawon rice the Ifugao Rice Terraces World Heritage Site. Retrieved from https://openaccess. or by providing them with other farmers to make a profit from leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/21447 income-generating opportunities. their labors. Many have been A significant shift started with encouraged to rehabilitate Glover, D. (2015). Stairways to the Sky: the export of Cordillera heirloom rice abandoned rice terraces and bring Sustainability and Rice in the Philippines. varieties to consumers abroad in 2007 back the sustainable indigenous Retrieved from: http://steps-centre. by a social enterprise called Eighth organic farming cultures of org/2015/blog/sustainability-rice- Wonder, Inc as a pioneering venture. rice production. Rare heirloom cordillera-philippines) In 2013 this increased to 29 tons of varieties of Filipino rice are thus Cordillera heirloom rice shipped to preserved as these are kept in Baroña-Edra, L. (2014). Women who moved mountains. Retrieved from http:// the United States valued at $38,000. production. irri.org/rice-today/women-who-moved- Tinawon rice is leading heirloom rice On 16 April 2015, during mountains). exports to the United States where the groundbreaking ceremony for demand is still rising. Ifugao has the a new DA-financed P6.5-million Brion, A.C. (2015). Ifugao’s Tinawon biggest area with 5,141 hectares Regional Heirloom Rice Processing increases production through CPAR. producing 16,060 metric tons of Center (RHRPC) in Barangay Ucab, Business Diary. June 15, 2015. Retrieved Tinawon rice. Kiangan, Ifugao, which will provide from http://businessdiary.com.ph/8998/ In 2011 the Bureau of services for the processing, storing ifugaos-tinawon-increases-production- Agricultural Research (BAR) supported and marketing of Ifugao native cpar/#ixzz3wtUYJDQr) a project of DA Regional Field Office rice, Governor Denis Habawel For more information, please contact: (RFO)-CAR under its Community- of the Province of Ifugao said Dr. Catherine V. Buenaventura based Participatory Action Research that having the Regional Center Supervising Agriculturist/ (CPAR) program that aims to increase for Heirloom Rice is “historical Project Leader the production of Tinawon. Through for Ifugaos as it will have a part PAENRO, Lagawe, Ifugao the project, farmers were taught in keeping their unique identity phone: (074) 382-2063 the use of bio-organic and foliar alive”. ### email: [email protected]

BAR R&D DIGEST October – December 2015 29 Getting to know Huani mango

BY ANNE CAMILE B. BRION

mong the mango family, the most familiar to us is the Mangifera Aindica, which is highly valued for its economic importance both in the domestic and international markets. Little do we know that a lesser popular mango variety exists called Huani (Mangifera odorata). It is reported to be native in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. While many of us have not seen, tasted, or even heard of the fruit, Huani has long been growing in the south coast of due to deterioration, the Department aspect. This includes details on how Mindanao, particularly in the Zamboanga of Agriculture-Zamboanga Peninsula the products will be priced, promoted, Peninsula region. Integrated Agricultural Research and distributed to wholesalers, bulk Growing on an average of 10-15 Center (DA-ZAMPIARC) embarked on buyers, and retailers. While the meters in height, this indigenous fruit tree the project, “Product Development of developed products have already bears green, oval-shaped fruits. Its flesh, Huani Mango in Zamboanga Peninsula.” been exhibited during trade fairs and which is firm and orange-yellowish in color, Funded under the National Technology exhibits, the succeeding phase will is slightly fibrous yet quite juicy and sweet. Commercialization Program of the further push for the promotion and What makes it unique from the other Bureau of Agricultural Research, the commercialization of Huani products. kinds of mangoes is its resinous odor, thus initiative aimed to develop value- More than just being a some tend to associate it with the adding technologies and undertake substitute for the more recognized fruit. Most often, Huani is eaten raw and product development activities for mangoes, Huani has a lot to offer consumed as a table fruit. Others use it in huani. with its firm texture, unique taste, the preparation of delicacies, chutneys, and Part of the project is the and ability to prosper in areas where pickles. In folkloric medicine, the bark of procurement of equipment and the others cannot. Huani may be one the Huani tree is used in the treatment of processing materials, and establishment of the lesser known fruits today, but hystero-epilepsy, a form of hysteria showing of a Product Development Laboratory. with research and development, may signs of epileptic convulsions. Just like most fruits, Huani was become one of the highly-valued, With its ability to thrive in tropical developed into different types of economically-important fruits of areas having fairly heavy rainfall, Huani has products such as wine, puree, powder, tomorrow. ### found economic significance as a substitute candies, and pickles. Sensory evaluation ------to Mangifera indica especially where the in terms of color, taste, and aroma was References: Bompard, J.M. (1991). Mangifera odorata latter cannot thrive due to wet climate. In conducted to determine what type of Griffith [Internet] Record from Proseabase. the country, Huani bears fruits twice a year product samples were preferred most Verheij, E.W.M. and Coronel, R.E. (Eds). wherein peak season occurs from March by the consumers. Products which PROSEA (Plant Resources of South-East Asia) to May. During these months, the price of gathered promising responses will be Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. Retrieved from huani becomes very cheap, leaving some of standardized and submitted to the http://www.proseanet.org on 26 January 2016 Department of Science and Technology the matured fruits rotten and wasted. Orwa, C., Mutua, A., Kindt, R., Jamnadass, for complete product testing and R., and Anthony, S. (2009). Agroforestree Huani products analysis. Database: a tree reference and selection In an effort to help Huani mango As of writing, the second guide version 4.0. Retrieved from http://www. growers in the region increase the crop’s phase of the project will be carried out worldagroforestry.org/sites/treedbs/treedata- market price and reduce postharvest losses focusing on the marketing research bases.asp on 27 January 2016

30 October – December 2015 BAR R&D DIGEST EDITORIAL BOARD Carving out....from page 4 The BAR R&D Digest is the official quarterly publication of the Department of Agriculture- now known as Agenda 21, which called for all nations Bureau of Agricultural Research (DA-BAR). A to establish national mechanisms, and formulate and staff bureau of DA, it was established to lead and implement their respective agenda of actions for coordinate the agriculture and fisheries research sustainable development. and development (R&D) in the country. Specifically, In 1996, the country came up with its Philippine BAR is tasked to consolidate, strengthen, Agenda (PA 21). Another outcome of the Earth Summit and develop the R&D system to improve its effectiveness and efficiency by ensuring customer was the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) which satisfaction and continous improvement through emphasized the conservation of biological diversity, work excellence, teamwork and networking, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and accountability and innovation. equitable sharing of benefits derived from the utilization of genetic resources. This publication contains articles on the latest For biodiversity conservation to succeed there technologies, research results, updates, and is a need for sustainable development programs for breakthroughs in agriculture and fisheries R&D indigenous species to be integrated with development based from the studies and researches conducted plans and policies. For the Bureau of Agricultural Research by the National Research & Development System for Agriculture and Fisheries (NaRDSAF) and (BAR) and the R&D system, agrobiodiversity conservation supported by the bureau. is best approached through utilization. In exploring the untapped potentials of the country’s indigenous Dr. Nicomedes P. Eleazar, CESO IV, BAR Director plants, BAR launched its Indigenous Plants for Health Dr. Teodoro S. Solsoloy, BAR Assistant Director and Wellness Program (IPHWP). With the program, it is Ms. Julia A. Lapitan, BAR Applied Communication Division Head hoped that indigenous plants in the Philippines can be Production Staff utilized, promoted and developed as food and/or sources of materials for the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and Editor: Rita T. dela Cruz cosmeceutical industries. Consulting Editors: Julia A. Lapitan and Victoriano B. Guiam BAR has also found common ground with Bureau Writers: Daryl Lou A. Battad, Anne Camille B. Brion, Rita T. dela Cruz, Diana Rose A. de Leon, of Animal Industry (BAI) in its Philippine Native Animal Ephraim John J. Gestupa, Victoriano B. Guiam, Development program, the Department of Agriculture and Patrick Raymund A. Lesaca (DA) and International Rice Research Institute in the Layout: Rita T. dela Cruz Heirloom Rice Project, the World Vegetable Center for Print Managers: Anthony A. Constantino and Ricardo G. Bernardo the local promotion of indigenous vegetables, and with Circulation: Lyn D. Pardilla and Lino Norman D. Reyes Adviser: Dr. Nicomedes P. Eleazar, CESO IV the United Nations Development Program, Department of Environment and Natural Resources and other Photos are produced and owned by BAR unless otherwise stated. Philippine organizations for the on-going “Partnerships We welcome comments and suggestions from readers. for Biodiversity Conservation”. BAR has funded initiatives For inquiries, please contact: of its R&D partners on indigenous plants, livestock and Applied Communication Division fish through its programs such as the Community-based Bureau of Agricultural Research Participatory Action Research, National Technology Department of Agriculture RDMIC Bldg., Ave. cor. Elliptical Rd., Commercialization Program, Organic Agriculture, and Diliman, Quezon City, PHILIPPINES 1104 other funding windows. Trunklines: 928-8624, 920-0205, 920-0234 Local Nos: 1136, 1143, 1132, or 1138 In DA, various agencies have been involved in Fax: 927-5691 the sustainable development of native plant and animal Email: [email protected] website: www.bar.gov.ph species/varieties for food and other economic uses such as Philippine Coconut Authority, Philippine Rice Research Like us at our official Facebook Page: Institute, Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority, Bureau of Agricultural Research Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Bureau of Plant and follow us on Instagram@dabarofficial and Industry, and DA regional field offices. With BAR’s involvement in agrobiodiversity This magazine is copyrighted by the Department of conservation, we have committed to the task of Agriculture-Bureau of Agricultural Research. No parts “meeting the needs of the present generation without of this publication may be reproduced and distributed compromising the ability of the future generations to without the permission from the management and meet their own needs”. ### proper attributions from its original source.

BAR R&D DIGEST October – December 2015 31 Siling labuyo (Capsicum frutescens) is popularly used as a spicy and chili condiment while its leaves are usually consumed as vegetables. Also known as the chili pepper, it is among the indigenous plants that the Department of Agriculture (DA) promotes through the Indigenous Plants for Health and Wellness RDE Program of BAR. The program aims to promote and highlight the importance of indigenous plants and its products. (Photo by Rita dela Cruz)

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH RDMIC Bldg., cor. Elliptical Rd. Visayas Ave. Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1104

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