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De Gabinete a Museo. La Colección Salvador Y Sus Públicos En La Primera Mitad Del Siglo XIX

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De Gabinete a Museo. La Colección Salvador Y Sus Públicos En La Primera Mitad Del Siglo XIX ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en PROGRAMA DE DOCTORAT D’HISTÒRIA DE LA CIÈNCIA CENTRE D’HISTÒRIA DE LA CIÈNCIA (CEHIC) UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA (UAB) Xavier Ulled i Bertran De gabinete a museo. La colección Salvador y sus públicos en la primera mitad del siglo XIX Tesis de Doctorado Director: José Pardo-Tomás (IMF-CSIC) Tutor: Carlos Acosta Rizo (UAB) BARCELONA 2020 “Tota moda o visió del món deriva la seva força d’allò que ha estat oblidat”, Walter Benjamin, The Arcades Project, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1999, pp. 393. 2 Índice Agradecimientos ........................................................................................................................... 5 1 Introducción .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Contexto y marco teórico .............................................................................................. 6 1.2 Materiales, archivos, objetivos y metodología ........................................................... 14 1.3 De los gabinetes de curiosidades a los museos de historia natural: una aproximación historiográfica ......................................................................................................................... 19 1.4 El contexto científico en la Barcelona de principios del siglo XIX: gabinetes, museos, agronomía y botánica en la ciudad industrial, liberal y burguesa .......................................... 30 2 Cambio y transformación en el gabinete de la família Salvador ......................................... 35 2.1 La revitalización del gabinete ...................................................................................... 35 2.2 El ideario de José Salvador .......................................................................................... 42 2.3 Cambios en la colección y sus estrategias publicistas, educativas y comerciales....... 50 2.4 Un ejemplo de transformación en el gabinete: la Pomona Española y los modelos de frutas, estrategias educativas y comerciales de José Salvador ............................................... 67 2.5 Modelos vegetales y anatómicos en los museos: vínculos estrechos ........................ 78 2.6 La finca de agricultura experimental “El Hortícola” .................................................... 90 3 El libro de visitas del Museo Salvador 1831 - 1854 ........................................................... 106 3.1 Los libros de visitas como fuente para acercarse a los públicos de los museos: perspectiva histórica y metodologías de análisis .................................................................. 106 3.2 El libro de visitas del Museo Salvador. Metodología de vaciado y construcción de la base de datos ........................................................................................................................ 118 3.3 Análisis descriptivo .................................................................................................... 121 3.4 Análisis estadístico .................................................................................................... 141 3.5 Análisis cualitativo de los comentarios ..................................................................... 152 4 José Salvador y las instituciones científicas y empresariales de la Barcelona de mediados del siglo XIX ............................................................................................................................... 189 4.1 La Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona ................................................. 190 4.2 El Instituto Agrícola Catalán de San Isidro ................................................................ 202 4.3 Completando el perfil económico y social de José Salvador y Soler: filántropo, propietario y rentista. ........................................................................................................... 205 5 Conclusiones...................................................................................................................... 215 De gabinete a museo: cambio de régimen de exhibición ..................................................... 215 3 El libro de visitas: una vía de aproximación a los públicos del Museo Salvador ................... 219 Un empresario y sus públicos: José Salvador y Soler, horticultor y entusiasta de la ciencia positiva. ................................................................................................................................. 225 Reflexiones finales: objetos, discursos, formas de exhibición y difusión de la ciencia ......... 230 Bibliografía ................................................................................................................................ 236 Abreviaturas .......................................................................................................................... 236 Fuentes manuscritas ............................................................................................................. 236 Fuentes impresas .................................................................................................................. 237 Prensa y publicaciones periódicas......................................................................................... 241 Literatura secundaria ............................................................................................................ 244 Apéndice documental ............................................................................................................... 261 Apéndice 1. Tres descripciones coetáneas del Museo Salvador. .......................................... 261 Apéndice 2. Documentos del archivo personal de José Salvador en el IBB .......................... 271 Apéndice 3. Libro de visitas de la Colección Salvador: transcripción i tabulación ................ 285 Apéndice 4. Documentos del archivo de la RACAB relativos a José Salvador. ..................... 366 Apéndice 5. Imágenes ........................................................................................................... 373 4 Agradecimientos En primer lugar, agradezco a José Pardo-Tomás (Pepe) por guiarme en este proceso de desarrollo intelectual, por confiar en mi para llevar a cabo este trabajo, por su entusiasmo, por su gran categoría y generosidad intelectual, por las charlas académicas, vitales y políticas y, sobre todo, por su cercanía y calidez. Manifiesto mis agradecimientos al Centre d’Història de la Ciència (CEHIC) de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, en especial a los coordinadores del Programa de Doctorat en Història de la Ciència, Jorge Molero y Mònica Balltondre, y a mi tutor, Carlos Acosta, pero también al resto de compañeros. Hago una especial mención a Alfons Zarzoso, por su dedicación y generosidad en orientarme en múltiples ocasiones y por su gran nivel intelectual, del que he aprendido mucho. Agradezco especialmente al Institut Català de Recerca en Patrimoni Cultural por proporcionarme un entorno de estímulo intelectual y de estima por la investigación histórica de calidad. Al director Joaquim Nadal y a los compañeros Saida, Gemma, Joaquina, Joan, Eduard, Susana, Antonio y Xavier. A Antoni Laporte, de quien he aprendido enormemente a lo largo de estos años, tanto teóricamente como a aplicar de forma práctica los conocimientos adquiridos, y también por todas las charlas y momentos compartidos. También agradezco al Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona y su equipo de excelentes profesionales de los departamentos de públicos y de comunicación, gracias a los que descubrí la existencia de la Col·lecció Salvador, así como al Institut Botànic de Barcelona y su equipo por facilitarme el acceso a la documentación y por su visón abierta y moderna de cómo “hacer” la ciencia. Agradezco también haber compartido “colección” y vivencias con las compañeras “Salvadorianas” Julianna Morcelli, Emma Sallent y Aina Trias. Agradezco en especial a mi familia, Jaume, Maria, Jaume y Elisenda, por su apoyo y estima, por estar siempre ahí. A mi compañera de vida Anna, por su apoyo y motivación en los momentos buenos y en los difíciles, sin los que este trabajo no habría podido concluirse; y a Nora, que se ha unido a nuestro camino haciéndolo todavía mejor. 5 1 Introducción 1.1 Contexto y marco teórico El tema central de esta tesis es la transformación experimentada en las primeras décadas del siglo XIX por algunos gabinetes de curiosidades al abrirse a la contemplación de públicos más amplios y variados, dentro de un nuevo marco de inquietudes culturales de grupos sociales que transitaban desde el Antiguo Régimen a las nuevas coordenadas del régimen liberal burgués, fruto, entre otras cosas, de los cambios traídos por los procesos de industrialización y de la revolución burguesa1. Hasta el siglo XVIII los coleccionistas privados acumularon objetos, especímenes naturales, artefactos o curiosidades en
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