cancers Review De Novo Carcinoma after Solid Organ Transplantation to Give Insight into Carcinogenesis in General—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Eline S. Zwart 1,2,† , Esen Yüksel 1,†, Anne Pannekoek 1, Ralph de Vries 3 , Reina E. Mebius 2 and Geert Kazemier 1,* 1 Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
[email protected] (E.S.Z.);
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[email protected] (A.P.) 2 Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
[email protected] 3 Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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[email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. Simple Summary: Patients receiving a solid organ transplantation, such as a kidney, liver, or lung transplantation, inevitably have to take drugs to suppress the immune system in order to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ. However, these drugs are known to cause malignancies in the long term. This study focuses specifically on newly developed carcinomas in patients who use those Citation: Zwart, E.S.; Yüksel, E.; drugs after a solid organ transplantation. This systematic review and meta-analysis of published data Pannekoek, A.; de Vries, R.; Mebius, R.E.; Kazemier, G. De Novo show a 20-fold risk to develop a carcinoma after solid organ transplantation compared to the general Carcinoma after Solid Organ population, with specifically increased risks in patients who receive cyclosporine or azathioprine. By Transplantation to Give Insight into comparing the different pathways involved in immunosuppression and the occurrence of carcinoma Carcinogenesis in General—A development, new insights can be discovered for future research and understanding of carcinoma Systematic Review and development in transplantation patients and the general population as well.