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Lessons, Answer Keys, Student Scoring Sheets, and a Survey of the Scientifically- Based Reading Research That Is Foundational to ITRI

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Lessons, Answer Keys, Student Scoring Sheets, and a Survey of the Scientifically- Based Reading Research That Is Foundational to ITRI Grade 4 Teacher Guide Developed by the Center for Innovation in Assessment in conjunction with the Indiana Department of Education What’s In This Booklet The Informational Text Reading Inventory (ITRI) was created when the Center for Innovation in Assessment (CIA) observed that students in grade four experience a significant drop in performance in all of their subject areas. CIA researched solutions and identified the critical issue as the students' struggle to apply the reading skills they have learned in earlier grades to their expository textbooks. In grade four, students are expected to read to learn at a far greater extent than in earlier grades. ITRI materials teach students the reading skills they need to understand their content area textbooks. This booklet contains all the information teachers need to use the ITRI materials, including assessments, lessons, answer keys, student scoring sheets, and a survey of the scientifically- based reading research that is foundational to ITRI. Because all ITRI content comes from Indiana's Academic Standards for grade four science, social studies, and English/language arts (E/LA), ITRI materials will enhance the subject matter teachers already teach. Students will always learn the reading skills within the context of their content area curriculum. For a detailed list of all items, please go to the Table of Contents on page iii. Copyright © 2005 by the Indiana Department of Education. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without permission from the Indiana Department of Education. Exclusive license for the reproduction of these materials is provided to Indiana teachers for instructional purposes at schools accredited by the Indiana State Board of Education. i ii Table of Contents About the Informational Text Reading Inventory (ITRI) . .1 Overview of ITRI Assessments . .2 Overview of ITRI Lessons . .4 Key to the Lesson Layout . .6 Key to the Teacher Manual Layout . .8 Diagnostic and Follow-Up Assessments: Information and Answer Keys Administering the Timed Reading Tool . .9 Administering the Science and Social Studies Tools . .10 Answer Key: Diagnostic Assessment . .11 Answer Key: Follow-Up Assessment . .12 ITRI Lessons: Introduction, Information, and Answer Keys Vocabulary . .13 Lesson A: How Does Popcorn Pop? Lesson B: The Indiana Dunes Lesson C: Our Planet Earth Difficult Words in Context . .31 Lesson A: The Ice Age in Indiana Lesson B: Indiana Limestone: How on Earth? Lesson C: State Government Graphics . .49 Lesson A: Sun and Shadows Lesson B: Dinosaur Water Lesson C: Indiana Tax Dollars Skimming & Predicting . .67 Lesson A: Indiana Transportation: Railways to Highways Lesson B: Indiana Artifacts Lesson C: Waterways to Railways Cause & Effect . .85 Lesson A: Catching a Cold Lesson B: Experiment: Friction Lesson C: Changes in Indiana Farming Main Idea & Details . .103 Lesson A: The West Baden Springs Hotel Lesson B: Saltwater and Freshwater Lesson C: The Battle of Tippecanoe iii Sequence . .121 Lesson A: Jonathan Jennings Lesson B: The Cycle of the Tulip Poplar Lesson C: Indiana Becomes a State Compare & Contrast . .139 Lesson A: Microscopes and Telescopes Lesson B: Indiana Insects Lesson C: Cultural Groups in Indiana Appendices Appendix A: Critical Differences: Grade 3 and Grade 4 Textbooks . .A-1 Appendix B: The Scientifically-Based Reading Research (SBRR) Behind ITRI . .B-1 Appendix C: Alphabetical List of Social Studies and Science Standards . .C-1 Appendix D: Chart of Standards Addressed Across the Curriculum . .D-1 Appendix E: Glossary for Teacher Use . .E-1 Appendix F: Scoring Sheet: ITRI Assessments . .F-1 Appendix G: Scoring Sheet: ITRI Lessons . .G-1 Appendix H: Acknowledgments . .H-1 Student Materials Follow: Diagnostic Assessment English/Language Arts Introductions Student Lessons Vocabulary Difficult Words in Context Graphics Skimming and Predicting Cause and Effect Sequence Compare and Contrast Student Glossary Follow-Up Assessment iv About the Informational Text Reading Inventory (ITRI) How ITRI Works ITRI will help students learn how to read their content area textbooks better. It teaches the specific reading skills identified by the National Reading Panel as critical to successful comprehension of content area textbooks. ITRI’s research-based materials will: • teach Indiana’s Academic Standards for English/language arts, Standard 2: Reading Informational Texts. • teach students an array of general study skills that they can apply to any textbook or content area. • increase student ability, confidence, and performance in science and social studies, as well as English/language arts. • identify class and student strengths/weaknesses in textbook reading. • reinforce the critical content identified in Indiana's Academic Standards for science and social studies. The ITRI lessons were written and designed to model Indiana’s adopted science and social studies textbooks. Because the lessons model the textbook syntactically, conceptually, and graphically, and because textbooks are not perfect, the ITRI lessons also include: • grammatically incorrect phrases occasionally (And then…). • graphics that do not always illustrate the topic at hand. • vocabulary words that are sometimes used before they are defined. These features were included not to trick or confuse students, but to help students learn to negotiate the challenges they encounter in their textbooks. For an outline of the titles, subject matter, or the standards indicators incorporated in each lesson, please see Appendices C and D. Three Components of ITRI ITRI allows teachers to constantly gather data on how students are performing. ITRI has three distinct components: 1. Diagnostic Assessment: ITRI begins with an initial assessment, which identifies student reading ability in eight critical skill areas. 2. Lessons: ITRI lessons model how proficient readers read. The lessons emphasize eight critical reading skill areas and eight study skills. 3. Follow-Up Assessment : ITRI ends with a final assessment, which allows the teacher to quantify reading improvement and to identify students who are continuing to have difficulty. 1 Overview of ITRI Assessments There are two ITRI assessments. The Diagnostic Assessment is used to obtain baseline data about how well students read their textbooks before they complete the ITRI lessons. The Follow-Up Assessment is used after the completion of the ITRI lessons to monitor student achievement. Each assessment tests the following eight reading skill areas: 1. Vocabulary 5. Cause & Effect 2. Difficult Words in Context 6. Main Idea & Details 3. Graphics 7. Sequence 4. Skimming & Predicting 8. Compare & Contrast 1 Students Take Timed Reading Tool. This tool assesses reading speed in addition to reading comprehension. Students are given five minutes in which to read the passage. They then answer eight multiple-choice questions without referring back to the text. This tool will take approximately 20 minutes to complete. Note: Students who are not reading at grade level, as indicated by this tool, will need assistance in completing the ITRI lessons. Teachers should arrange for these students to complete the lessons in small groups with the assistance of a teacher or classroom assistant. 2 Students Take Science and Social Studies Lesson Tools. The science and social studies lesson tools test student comprehension according to the structure of textbook passages. Students read three pages of material and answer eight multiple-choice questions. Students may review the material in order to answer questions. Each tool will take approximately 20 minutes to complete. 2 Overview of ITRI Assessments 3 Teachers Score Assessment and Collect Data There are 24 questions total in each assessment. Each of the eight reading skill areas is assessed by three multiple-choice questions. In order to simplify scoring, reading skill areas are always assessed in the same order (so question #1 will always assess Vocabulary, question #2 will always assess Difficult Words in Context, etc.). A copy of the assessment scoring sheet is included as Appendix F. Scoring Sheet: ITRI Assessments CLASS 26 21 23 23 24 25 23 19 Total CLASS 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.3 1.9 Average #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 Multiple Choice and and Effect Words Difficult Difficult Questions Contrast Graphics Compare Skimming Main Idea Predicting Sequence Cause and Vocabulary and Details Conceptual Name Screen Tool 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 Soc. Tool 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 Carlos Sci. Tool 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 Screen Tool 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 Soc. Tool 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Daryn Sci. Tool 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 Total 3 1 2 2 1 3 3 1 Screen Tool 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Soc. Tool 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 Joon Sci. Tool 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 Total 3 3 3 1 2 3 2 2 Screen Tool 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 Soc. Tool 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 Josh Sci. Tool 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Total 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 1 Screen Tool 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 Soc. Tool 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Justin Sci. Tool 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 Total 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 Screen Tool 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 Soc. Tool 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Kelly Sci. Tool 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 Total 3 1 2 3 3 3 3 0 Screen Tool 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 Soc. Tool 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Kyanna Sci. Tool 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 Total 1 3 3 1 2 3 3 2 Screen Tool 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Soc.
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