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- ■— - ■ -- - V) Foot! Intercepted bild: A Patriot Tribute \ This picture is The Southern Patriot’s New Year’s greeting IF (By Staff Correspondent) gan Friends of the Student Non readers. And little Sherrilynn Bevel, shown here with her mo CLARKSDALE, Miss — Two violent Coordinating Committee Mrs. Diane Nash ^evel, is our nomination for the traditional students from Michigan were ar (SNCC), and in Louisville by the symbol of the(new year. rested here during Christmas local SNCC affiliate; the Louis Sherrilynn’s parents might have found comfortable lives and s week when they brought a truck ville CORE chapter, and SCEF. cessful careers anywhere—Mrs. Bevel is a former beauty queen, her load of food, clothing, and medi Clarksdale police returned much husband, the Rev. James Bevel, a talented young minister. cine for Negroes being harassed of the material after the students for trying to vote. were freed. But they have chosen to make their home in Mississippi (he on the staff of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, she a Ivanhoe Donaldson and Benja The arrests brought immediate protests from SNCC, the Southern field secretary for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), min Taylor, both 21, were charged because they have faith that this state will yet move forward. with possession of narcotics and Christian Leadership Conference, CORE, SCEF, and other groups. Sherrilynn might have been born in jail, but she wasn’t because held under $15,000 bond each. even a Mississippi judge had qualms about putting an expectant After nationwide protests, bond The NAACP provided legal aid. Meantime, Henry urged that food mother there. It was just last May, when Mrs. Bevel was expecting was reduced to $1,500, and they Sherrilynn in September, that she decided against further appeal of were freed after 11 days in jail. shipments continue and said: “Let tons of material be the a two-year sentence imposed on her for civil-rights activity. Local police claimed there were answser of the civil rights move She electrified freedom-lovers everywhere by her statement: narcotics in the medicine. Three ment to this latest harrassment.” —Patriot Photo “. . . in the long run this will be the best thing I can do for my doctors in Louisville, Ky., where child. This will be a black baby the shipment originated, made born in Mississippi, and thus sworn statements that there were wherever he is born he will be in no narcotics or sedatives in the prison . . .” shipment—that it contained ma The Souther’a Vol. 21 No. 1 V-J. =—I CD Recently, the judge notified terial like aspirin and vitamins. . P CC O M Mrs. Bevel’s attorneys that he Donaldson and Taylor were was ready now to considei’ her taking the relief goods to Aaron January, 1963 case. She is standing by her posi Henry, Mississippi NAACP pres tion of last spring: she will appeal ident, for distribution in the Delta no further; either Mississippi area. Many Negroes have lost PÄRI0T drops the case, or she will go to jobs, been put off the land, or cut re iS jail. off from surplus foods since voter Published by the I Conference Educational Fund, Inc. * Q Uncompromisingly honest, registration drives increased. O Mrs. Bevel admits that her deci Food and clothing had been col sion is a harder one today than lected in Michigan by the Michi- After Desegregation, What? it was in May because now the baby is here and then she (By Staff Correspondent) church people, and the Southern He cutlined what he described thought of it only as an ab NASHVILLE, Tenn. — After Regional Council, an interracial as the “ethical demands” of the straction. But she is convinced desegregation, what? Will the agency dedicated to improving life nation’s democratic and religious the decision is the correct one. breaking of the legal barriers of in the South. heritage which make integration segregation automatically create Meantime, in a year that has The meeting didn’t come up the real goal, and then noted that a good society in the South? brought little that is hopeful and with any final answers to the while desegregation can be ac These are questions that have much that is tragic in Mississppi, problem, as no meeting could, but complished by law, integration recently been plaguing many peo Sherrilynn and her family remain it raised the questions more cannot. ple in the Southern civil-rights as symbols of life and hope for sharply than they have been movement—as more legal barriers But he also made it quite clear the future in that state. raised before and it articulated fall but the basic patterns of life that he was not suggesting any (Mrs. Bevel wil be a guest of concerns that have been on many in Southern communities remain slowdown in legal attacks on seg honor at the annual SCEF recep minds. pretty much the same. regation and discrimination. tion in New York in February. Those in attendance included In fact, someone has recently See page A.) many key people in the human “The law Carnot make a man said that Southern communities rights movement across the love me, but it can keep him which are desegregating are be South—from national, regional, from lynching me, and I think coming more and more like The Jlo it th ** Ivanhoe Donaldson and local groups. As they go that’s pretty important,” he Northern communities every day. said. Loads Relief Truck back into their home communi And looking at de facto seg ties, the ferment begun at His main point was that along Highlights regation in the North and the Nashville will spread. with desegregation, which is “en persistent racial prejudice in Mississippi Governor Ross Bar The theme of the consultation forceable by law,” there must be Send A Reply Northern communities, many nett was ordered to answer in was “The Ethical Demands of efforts to arouse in people, both Southerners have made up their Federal Court to charges that he Don’t let the arrest of the Integration.” Dr. Martin Luther Negro and white, the inner atti minds that this is not enough. was guilty of criminal contempt Michigan students stop the re King, Jr., set the keynote in the tudes that will lead them to obey Not for this, they say, have in the Ole Miss crisis last Sep lief program for Mississippi. opening address. the “unenforceable obligations” of they been risking death, filling tember. Write the U. S. Justice De He defined desegregation as a integration. And it was to the Southern jails, and getting And students working to win partment, Washington, D. C., negative thing, the breaking of ways of doing this that the rest lumps on their heads. the vote in Mississippi went into and ask it to intervene in barriers that have made our so of the conference addressed it During the last week of 1962, court in an effort to get the Feder behalf of Donaldson and Tay ciety “prohibitive.” But integra self. about 150 Negro and white al Government to intervene on be lor. Send youi’ own reply to tion, he said, is a creative process Southerners concerned for civil In an effort to keep the con half of all Mississippi Negroes, Mississippi by organizing a involving the positive acceptance rights met in Nashville for an in ference from bogging down in as it did belatedly in the Ole Miss collection of food, money, and of human beings by each other. formal “consultation” to consider abstractions, the consultation crisis. Seven Mississippi field clothing in your community. “The bells of history are tolling this problem. planners had geared the sessions workers for the Student Nonvio Ship to Emergency Welfare fcr segregation,” he said, and he The consultation was sponsored around panel discussions of spe lent Coordinating Committee and and Relief Committee, Haven predicted that in less than 10 by the Fellowship of Southern cific situations in three Southern William Kunstler and William Methodist Church, 400 Yazoo years desegregation will be a Churchmen, a Southwide organi communities: Higgs, civil-rights attorneys, filed Ave., Clarksdale, Miss. reality throughout most of the zation of socially concerned suit against Attorney General South. Staff members of the American Kennedy and FBI Director J. But the human relations di Friends Service Committee Edgar Hoover, demanding posi lemma of our nation will still (AFSC) reported on a drive for tive action to stop harassment, be monumental,” he declared, equal employment opportunity Tlie Atlanta Wall intimidation, and physical at “unless we launch now the which they have been conducting (The “Atlanta Wall,” a buffer to block housing expansion by tacks on registration workers. The parallel thrust of the integra for a number of years in Greens- Negroes, has shocked the nation. This account is written by a white plaintiffs said their purpose was tion process.” (Continued on Page 2) Georgia student who has been active in protests against segregation.) to prove to the defendants that they have more power to act than By JOAN BROWNING two streets in the area running they realize. (Special Correspondent) north and south. Meantime, Attorney General ATLANTA, Ga.—On December White residents of the Peyton- Kennedy persuaded the U. S. 13, 1962, the Public Works Com Harlan area have supported the Civil Rights Commission to post mittee of the Board of Aidermen barricades and the “buffer zone” pone for the third time scheduled unanimously approved Mayor by stating that they have been hearings on violation of rights in Ivan Alien’s proposal to establish subjected to “blockbusting” tac Mississippi. a racial “buffer zone” in a south tics by real estate agents. Charles Demonstrations against segre west Atlanta residential area. Edwards, a leader of the South gation resulted in arrests in Jack- The mayor’s proposal called for west Citizens Association (a son, Miss., and in Birmingham a rezoning land which Negroes are white civic group) says that the famous church and some homes trying to buy for building homes “buffer zone” is “a plan to pre were bombed (see page 2). In from residential to industrial, and serve the area; to preserve the South Carolina, the U. S. District constructing two wooden-and- homes there.” Court refused to order Harvey steel barricades on streets in the City officials have defended the Ganntt admitted to Clemson Col area. move as an effort to stabilize —Nashville Tennessean Photo by J. T. Phillips lege, but an early appeal was ex These barricades were con boundaries between white and Ne DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., keynote speaker at the Nashville pected to win him admittance. structed on December 18 on Pey gro residential areas in the Pey- consultation on how to achieve integration, confers with the Rev. This will be the state’s first pub ton and Harlan Roads, the only (Continued on Page 4) Charles Jones, Chapel Hill, N.C., consultation chairman. lic school desegregation. THE SOUTHERN PATRIOT ★ r jVeir« In II rivi The Southern Patriot Boycott Effective In Jackson The Southern Patirot is published monthly except July and August by the Southern Conference Educational Fund, Inc., dedicated to One of the most effective boy and some small towns voted for throwing the garbage. The minis ending segregation and distriminaiton based on race, creed, color, cotts yet organized by the inte desegregation, but the law is be ter and his wife were then or national origin. Editorial offices, 4403 Virginia Ave., Louisville gration movement is now taking lieved to have slowed the desegre charged by the Grand Jury with 11, Ky.; business offices, Suite 404, 822 Perdido St., New Orleans place in the stronghold of the gation process greatly. perjury. The U.S. Civil Rights 12, La.; office of publication, 150 Tenth Ave. North, Nashville, White Citizens Council—Jackson, * * * * Commission and the U.S. Justice Department have entered the case Tenn. Twenty-five cents a copy, $2 a year. Entered as second- Miss. In Florida, two Lake County class mail matter, Nashville, Tennessee. on behalf of the Johnsons. The boycott of the downtown deputy sheriffs have been indicted * * * * by a grand jury for allegedly fals THE SOUTHERN CONFERENCE EDUCATIONAL FUND, INC. area (and some outlying stores) In Birmingham, a circuit judge seeks an end to discrimination in ifying evidence that was used to 822 Perdido Street, New Orleans 12, Louisiana freed James E. Mills, editor of the eating and other facilities and obtain death sentences for two Post-Herald, of a charge of vio President-Emeritus Secretary fair hiring. It is estimated as 70 Negroes. The Negroes, Jerry lating the Alabama Corrupt Prac Aubrey W. Williams Dr. John R. Bross Chatman and Rubert Shuler, were per cent effective and is steadily tices Act by publishing political charged with rape of a white President Assistant Secretary growing. comment in an editorial on elec woman, but their execution has Bishop Edgar A. Love Jessie P. Guzman Direct action has accompanied tion day. It was a victory for been delayed because of new evi the boycott. It was launched by freedom of the press. The judge’s Vice-Presidents Executive Director dence. The indicted deputies are six pickets, all of whom were ar ruling is being appealed, however. John M. Coe ames A. ombrowski James Yates, charged with per J D rested. A week later two more Dr. Herman H. Long jury, and L. G. Clark, accused of persons picketed and were ar odjeska M. imkins conspiracy to commit perjury. M S rested. All are free under bond, Talladega Case Field Secretaries & Editors The case is historic; there have which SCEF helped to raise. TALLADEGA, Ala. — Hear Treasurer Anne Braden been repeated reports of Southern ings were scheduled to resume Benjamin E. Smith Carl Braden Those arrested were Tougaloo police faking evidence, but rare here February 4 on the State of College students and a white Tou ly has there been a formal charge Alabama’s petition for a perma Vol. 21 No. 1 January, 1963 galoo professor and his wife, John against them. nent injunction to bar integration and Eldri Salter. Just before * * * * Christmas the Salters’ window activity by Talladega College The Nation 9s Shame was broken by a bullet that nar In Jackson, Miss., a white min students and faculty, plus several rowly missed their sleeping baby. ister, the Rev. Thomas E. John civil-rights groups and individ The Jackson action was launch son, a member of the State Ad uals. An editor of The Patriot is ed by NAACP youth in coopera visory Committee to the U.S. one of those named. tion with CORE and SNCC. All Civil Rights Commission, had Meantime, the NAACP, which other civil rights groups immedi- garbage thrown on his lawn. He has been barred from Alabama ately gave active support. and his wife swore to a peace by an injunction since 1956, ap warrant against a neighbor they ❖ * * * pealed in an effort to get the in said they saw lead a group in junction lifted. In Austin, Tex., State Attorney General Will Wilson ruled uncon stitutional a state law, passed in Even The Edenton Mayor 1957, which required local com munities to submit the matter of EDENTON, N.C.—The active civil-rights movement in this north school desegregation to a vote of eastern North Carolina community got renewed impetus when Dr. the people before opening schools. Martin Luther King, Jr., president of the Southern Christian Leader Observers said the law might ship Conference (SCLC), addressed a mass meeting recently in the have been thrown out before if City Auditorium. it had been challenged. The issue came to a head recently because Even Edenton Mayor John A. Mitchener, owner of a segregated Studio Photo the state withheld funds from a drugstore which has been the scene of picketing and arrests, turned This is the home of James R. Revis, trustee chairman of Bethel district which desegregated with- out to greet Dr. King. Mitchener marched down the aisle at the Baptist Church, Birmingham, after a bomb exploded near the church cut an election. Many Texas meeting with Golden Frinks, Negro leader who was arrested for and surrounding homes 10 days before Christmas. school districts desegregated be picketing in front of his drugstore. (See Patriot for September and December.) The bomb also did extensive damage to the church and to several fore the law passed, larger cities other homes. A group of children practicing for a Christmas play in were desegregated by court order, The campaign to break down segregation in public places here the church basement narrowly escaped serious injury. One of them is continuing and has spilled over into nearby Elizabeth City, N.C., and two children in nearby homes were injured by flying glass. where a boycott has started of stores which refuse to hire Negro Bethel Baptist Church is the church formerly pastored by the Student Ile vue clerks. Both the Edenton and Elizabeth City movements are led by Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth, militant Birmingham integration leader coalitions of SCLC and NAACP affiliates along with local groups. and SCEF board member. Mr. Shuttlesworth now lives and pastors A new student publication, SCEF has helped to publicize the Edenton movement. in Cincinnati, but, at the insistence of Birmingham Negroes, he still another indication of the cur leads the movement there and spends half his time in Birmingham. rent ferment on Southern cam He said the bombing reflected the frustration of segregationists over puses, is The New South Revue. recent gains by Negroes in Birmingham. It’s published by a group of Many Seek Road Bethel Baptist has been bombed twice before. There was a students at the University of (Continued from Page 1) No one was bragging about different aftermath this time, however, as more voices from Birming Louisville in Kentucky but is what had been done. These were ham’s white community spoke out in protest; this reflects the senti geared toward the South in boro, N.C., and its surrounding people who were searching: look ment for law and order that has been growing in Birmingham and general. Its editors say it will Piedmont area. ing for ways to build on what throughout Alabama. report activities of and of in Prof. Paul Gaston, of the had already been accomplished Both Birmingham daily papers published strong editorials demand terest to students concerned University of Virginia Depart but to find that massive break ing arrest of the culprits. The president of the Birmingham Minis with social issues and think ment of History, reported on an through. terial Association spoke out. Even “Bull” Connor, segregationist pieces on varied shadings of exhaustive study he and Prof. police commissioner, said he was determined to catch the bombers. liberal and radical opinion. You Thomas T. Hammond, also of As to the role of the churches Rewards offered for arrest and conviction of the bombers totalled can write P. O. Box 8344, Sta the University of Virginia, and in Atlanta, Mr. Williams declared $5600, including $1000 from the local Ku Klux Klan. tion E, Louisville 8, Ky., for a others recently made of the without equivocation that they Across the nation, America’s conscience was moved. SCEF, the sample copy. Subscriptions are school desegregation process in had done nothing. He made it Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and other groups $2 for a 9-issue year and the Charlottesville, Va. clear that he was referring to appealed for funds to help repair the damaged church and homes. publishers especially seek And the Rev. Samuel Williams, the white Christian church. If you want to help, send checks to Bomb Damage Fund c/o the Rev. “sponsors” at $10 a year. Baptist minister, professor at When the church spoke, he F. L. Shuttlesworth, 3164 29th Ave. North, Birmingham, Ala. Morehouse College in Atlanta, and said, it was usually too late a leader in both the NAACP and and what it had to say could the Southern Christian Leader not be considered Christian— Notes on Some Recent Publications ship Conference (SCLC), reported since it was usually an appeal on the role of the churches in the to law and order rather than a Black Like Me, John Howard Griffin’s potent portunism in the 1920’s. The fears, anxieties, desegregation process in Atlanta. raising of moral issues. book on how it feels to be a Negro in the Deep hatreds, suspicions, and illusions which drew men The Greensboro and Charlottes “We are asking too much of South (reviewed in March, 1962, Patriot), has and women into the Klan are clearly outlined. It ville reports were studies of the church if we expect it to take been issued in paperback by Signet Books, P. O. adds up to a picture of insecure persons who want “tokenism” in action. Although moral leadership on a great issue Box 2310, Grand Central Station, New York 17, to run everybody else’s lives through terror and considerable progress has been —if that issue is controversial,” N. Y. Price at bookstroes, 50c; if ordered from denial of the right to speak. made by the AFSC and other he declared. “It is just not in the publisher, 5c additional for postage. A good chance The U. S. Civil Rights Commission has published groups on opening new jobs to nature of an ecclesiastical organi to buy some copies and pass them around. a new study of the progress (and lack of it) of Negroes in the Piedmont area of zation .... They don’t believe in A new book on the Klan, Crusade for Conformity; school desegregation in the Upper South and Border North Carolina, there has as yet God or Jesus strongly enough. the Ku Klux Klan in Texas, 1920-1930, by Charles states. It is entitled Civil Rights U.S.A., Public been no massive breakthrough. The most that can be expected is C. Alexander (Texas Gulf Coast Historical Associa Schools Southern States, 1962 (available from U. S. In Charlottesville, the deseg that when political and economic tion, University of Houston, $3) is a good study Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., regation process has been powers move, the church will fol in why nothing permanent can be organized and for 75c.) peaceful—but at this moment low—but it won’t lead.” sustained on the basis of being against everything. The states covered are North Carolina, Virginia, only 67 Negro pupils or 5.4 In contrast, he emphasized, in This truth becomes apparent in tracing the his Tennessee, and Kentucky. There is much valuable per cent of the total Negro dividual men and women, inspired tory of the Klan from its origin as a good racket for information here and good documentation of how 1 school population are in former by the Christian gospel and what the promoters to its downfall from political op- far we have still to go. ly white schools. (Continued on Page 3) 2 ★ THE SOUTHERN PATRIOT New Nashville Challenge «‘¿lory • ‘Forgotten Democracy9 (By Staff Correspondent) (In observance of the Centen NASHVILLE, Tenn. — This nial Year of the Emancipation city, scene of one of the most suc Proclamation, The Patriot will cessful student sit-in movements from time to time publish articles in 1960, is today facing a new on aspects of Southern history challenge to its reputation for often ignored in history books. liberalism and its previously The author of this article has proved ability to change and move written widely in the field of with the times. Negro history.) Although major lunch counters By EUGENE FELDMAN and department-store tearooms (Special Correspondent) were integrated in 1960 and the Today, for the first time in al aters a year later, many restau most 100 years, Negroes are run rants, drugstores, hotels, etc. re ning for office in Georgia, Ala main segregated. bama, Mississippi and other parts This fall another round of of the South—and in some in student demonstrations began. stances winning. NOT ALL BUT SOME of the Southern Negroes in Congress during They received major impetus Yet many still do not know that the Reconstruction period are pictured in this Currier & Ives print: when several hundred young right after the Civil War Ne From left, Sen. Hiram R. Revels, Mississippi, and Representatives people from all over the South groes and poor whites won the Benjamin S. Turner, Alabama; Robert C. De Large, South Carolina; gathered here for a conference ballot and elected many of their Josiah T. Walls, Florida; Jefferson H. Long, Georgia; Joseph H. of the Student Nonviolent Co number to office. Rainey and Robert Brown Elliott, South Carolina. ordinating Committee (SNCC) Those were times of progress in late November. —Zellner Photo in the South, when Negroes The slave-owners had been de Rapier was elected to a term The visiting students joined the Most of the students taking and democratic-minded whites feated, and a new constitution to in Congress, and there he worked local ones in mass demonstrations part this year are Negro—from joined in a political coalition. give rights to all was being writ for passage of a civil-rights bill. and marched through crowds of Fisk University and Tennessee They brought public schools, in ten. Rapier was a delegate to the Not only did Rapier vote for this Christmas shoppers singing “We A & I. But a few white exchange dustry, hospitals, railroads, and state constitutional convention. measure, but so did all the other Shall Overcome.” (See picture.) students and a white professor democracy to the South for the congressmen from Alabama; they The local students are carrying and student from Vanderbilt have He made a spirited speech in first time. were all native white Alabamans on. Stand-ins and picketing occur also participated. favor of the ballot for all. Later Unforunately, prejudice finds who worked right along with every week end, and some of them he wrote the first Republican The Vanderbilt participation its way even among history writ Rapier for more democracy. get up early every morning to Party platform in the State of brought a resolution from the ers and this very democratic time, (Later, after the civil rights bill stand in from 6 until 7 a.m. at a Alabama and called for support Student Senate condemning sit- when Negroes participated in gov became law, it was nullified by a major cafeteria. to public schools, universal ins. The next result of that, conservative court.) ernment, is maligned as a “tragic manhood suffrage, free speech There have been several ar Lewis says, is that more white era.” Yet an impartial view of rests. John Lewis, leader of the students have expressed inter and press. One of the white Alabamans the men who filled some of the who worked along with Rapier in Nashville student movement, and est in joining the “movement.” This was all new in a state public posts and of the work they Congress was Charles Christopher seven others are again charged that had had laws calling for im Meantime, although predomi did will reveal much good. Sheets. He came from one of Ala with conspiracy to restrain trade. prisonment of those who taught nantly white organizations have During this period, Alabama (A similar charge against Lewis bama’s mountain counties and been slow to speak out in support had many responsible Negro and Negroes to read and write. and others was dropped last yeai’ had represented the poor white of the students, individual white white office-holders who worked when many sympathizers notified farmers in the Alabama legisla citizens in Nashville are again for advancement of their state the court that they were also ture before the Civil War. He did proving that a liberal sentiment and country. guilty and should be arrested Plea for Action not like slaverymen, and when the exists in this community and that For example, there was secession issue came up, he de too.) ATLANTA, Ga.—The Great the people are often ahead of James T. Rapier. He was born manded that it be presented to er Atlanta Council on Human their leaders. in 1839 in Florence, Ala. His the people of Alabama for a ref Relations has asked the DeKalb Letters from white people in father was a plantation owner, erendum. He felt sure they would County Board of Education Tulane Opens the local newspapers have been his mother a Negro. vote against it. running strong in favor of inte His father hired a tutor and (suburban Atlanta) to desegre NEW ORLEANS, La. —Fed But a secret session of the gration. And when the local White educated him secretly; it was a gate its schools voluntarily— eral Judge Frank B. Ellis, re Legislature passed an “Ordi Citizens Council issued a state crime to educate Negroes at that thus avoiding a suit and up versing a ruling by his pre nance of Secession.” Sheets led ment condemning the SNCC con time in Alabama. Later Rapier holding American principles. decessor, Skelly Wright, held a large group of legislators in ference as a group of “beatnik, studied at Montreal College in The Greater Atlanta Council is that Tulane University does refusing to sign it, and he then communist whites” and “misguid Canada and at Glasgow Universi also pressing its continuing not have to admit Negroes but went back to his mountain home ed Negroes,” many white people ty in Scotland, and then he re campaign to get the Atlanta can if it wants to. A week and helped organize the First wrote the papers saying, in effect, turned to Alabama. schools to move beyond token later, Tulane did — accepting U.S. Alabama Cavalry, a group “The White Citizens Council does It was during those stirring desegregation. two graduate students. of almost 3,000 white men who not speak for me.” days right after the Civil War. fought for the Union. After the war, he became a U.S. Congressman and worked .... That Leads On From Desegregation with Rapier for civil rights. (Continued from Page 2) at the end, the Rev. Charles the relatively conscious blacks, Hill as the most important in his Although Alabama students to he described as “person-to-person Jones, white minister from who must, like lovers, insist on, life and said: day must study state history in contact with Jesus,” have chal Chapel Hill, N.C., who heads or create, the consciousness of “I had accused white people of the schools, they are not told the Fellowship of Southern others—do not falter in our lenged injustice and unrighteous saying ‘we know our Negroes,’” about men like Rapier and Sheets. duty now, we may be able, ness in society and will continue Churchmen, commented: “Now he said, “but now I realize that I think we are at the point handful that wre are, to end the Mississippi was yet another to do so—“but not the church as I too had thought I knew my racial nightmare, and achieve state that saw Negroes and whites an institution.” where we could have a good white folks. For the first time, I His advice to the individual consultation.” our country, and change the working together in public office came to have truly genuine rela during Reconstruction, and some white Christians present: “Go He articulated what everyone history of the world.” tions with white people—and I back home, start behaving like in attendance sensed: that even If that handful of which Mr. of their stories will be told in a can tell you it was a period of future article in this series. Christians, get in jail, maybe in a group like this—and it in Baldwin writes exists anywhere suffering for me. get shot—but don’t expect the cluded probably some of the most in the South, a goodly part of it church to support you or be enlightened people in the South, was at this meeting. And they “It came to me how great is with you when you do it.” Negro and white, and some of made a beginning. the distance between where the Subscription Blank There were many white church those most eager to break through Dr. Herman Long, head of the white people are and where the men present, and, needless to say, artificial barriers—there remain Race Relations Department at Negroes are, and it occurred to The Patriot is sent to all per not all of them accepted Mr. Wil tremendous emotional blocks to Fisk University and vice-presi me that it is in this perhaps sons who give $2 or more liams’ judgments. Some heated mutual trust. dent of SCEF, said at one point that we can meet, in a brother annually to the Southern Con discussions followed, and many of One perceptive delegate noted that it was a matter of people, hood of suffering—and it is ference Educational Fund. this brotherhood of suffering them will continue working to that this meeting in itself had human beings, trying to “get be I enclose______, of which $2 that perhaps will form the prove he was wrong—which may been a “good example of desegre yond their institutions,” and it is for Patriot subscription. have been what he hoped to stim gation but not of integration,” was. bridge in this period of transi ulate them to do. and Mr. Jones noted the “trigger An especially keen insight tion from desegregation to in Name______In the final session of the con words” like “Southern culture” came from a young Negro min tegration.” Address______:______sultation, James McBride Dabbs, and the stereotypes on both sides ister, the Rev. James Forbes, Many of the white and Negro South Carolina author who is —white of Negro and Negro of who last summer served as as students of the South—going to City______president of the Southern Re white—that make it so difficult sistant in a white church in jail together, risking death to gional Council, summed up the for Americans of different colors Chapel Hill, N.C., in a project gether—have sensed this also: If you want to send The Pa discussions and called on alert to trust each other and meet as initiated by students at Union the “brotherhood of suffering: triot to friends, enclose their Southerners to draw upon the human beings. Theological Seminary to place that may be the only real integra names. Return form to: hidden human resources of the But he closed the conference Negro student ministers in tion that exists today in this na SCEF South to transform its institu on a note of hope. He quoted white churches and white stu tion, North or South. The Nash 822 Perdido St. tions. from a recent article in The dents in Negro churches. ville consultation was perhaps a Toward the close, there was New Yorker by James Baldwin: Mr. Forbes, who now has a step toward bringing more people New Orleans 12, La. a general letting down of hair “If we—and now I mean the church in Wilmington, N.C., de into that creative “brotherhood of among those in attendance, and relatively conscious whites and scribed his experiences in Chapel suffering.” 3 THE SOUTHERN PATRIOT ★ Highlander Idea Lives Again 1 o rt Are In rited (By Staff Correspondent) New York Friends of SCEF will give their annual reception KNOXVILLE, Tenn.—They thought a year ago lurnishings and equipment sold in December, 1961. at 8 p.m. Friday, February 8, in the Bowman Room at the Bilt that they had killed Highlander Folk School—the Last July' the property and buildings were sold at more Hotel, New York City. “they” being certain Tennessee politicians who are public auction for $43,700—much less than it was chained to the past and afraid of freedom. worth. Main speaker will be Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., world- But today the words cf Highlander Director Highlander officials considered bidding to buy renowned leader and president of the Southern Christian Leader Myles Horton, when the 30-year-old school at the property back—but then decided it would be ship Conference. Other speakers will be Mrs. Diane Nash Bevel, Monteagle closed, are proving prophetic. better to put the money they could raise into Southern heroine (see story, page 1), and John Henry Faulk. “They can confiscate our property,” he said at developing the new program of the Knoxville Chairman will be the Rev. Clarence Snelling, Jr., SCEF board- that time, “but they can’t confiscate our ideas cr Center. mcmber-on-leave from Louisiana and now director of graduate liquidate our program.” This decision was widely applauded by High studies, Drew University, Madison, N.J. The Highlander idea is now being born again lander supporters. One wrote: “Your decision to Readers in the New York area or visiting there are cordially in the new Highlander Research and Education go forward with your work rather than purchase a invited. Reservations, at $2.50 per person (refreshments included) Center in Knoxville—in the words of the Cen monument to work already done establishes a new may be obtained by writing Bishop Edgar A. Love, SCEF New ter’s board chairman, B. R. Brazeal, “like a tradition, worthy of imitation . . .” York Area Office, 905 St. Mark’s Ave., Brooklyn 13, N. Y. (Or Phoenix rising from the ashes.” The main facilities of the Knoxville Center are telephone INgersoll 7-1198.) Make checks payable to SCEF. The Knoxville Center was chartered in August, housed in an old mansion in a residential area. In 1961, before the final closing of the Monteagle addition, the center has taken over an old church Campaign Io Free school. Much of its first year was consumed with manse, where there are sleeping facilities for resi organizational problems and the building of a new dential workshops and small meeting rooms. It is program. But today it is becoming a thriving cen named Justus House, in honor of May Justus, A 'Forgotten Alan 9 ter of thought and action in the Knoxville area, and Tennessee writer and long-time supporter of High In 1962, The Mississippi Free its extension services are spreading out across lander. Until recently, Clyde Kennard the South—carrying with them as did the Mont During the past year, numerous seminars and was a “forgotten man.” Press, liberal weekly, began a eagle school before it, the power of creative workshops have been held in the new facilities, Kennard is a 30-year-old Negro campaign to publicize the case. thought, adult education, and community action. and staff members have conducted leadership veteran who set out to do what The NAACP has initated legal The old mountaintop school at Monteagle, long training in Louisiana, Mississippi, and other James Meredith finally succeeded acton to free him. And the Stu hated by segregationists for the leadership training States. Special emphasis has been on the de in doing—-break segregation at dent Nonviolent Coordinating it provided to those working for social change, was velopment of voter education programs (leader the college level in Mississippi. Committee (SNCC) is conducting a nationwide campaign of peti the victim first of legislative attack and then court ship training in intelligent use of the ballot after Instead Kennard ended up con tions and protest, seeking the in action. Its final closing came in October, 1961, it’s won), and new programs and techniques to victed of being an accessory to tervention of the Federal Govern when the U.S. Supreme Court found no federal win equal employment. theft of $25 worth of chicken feed ment. (See box for what you can question involved in a Tennessee court order shut If you want more information on the new and and sentenced to seven years in do to help.) ting it down. growing Highlander program, write Highlander prison. He has already served Its property was taken by the state, and the Center, 1625 Riverside Drive, Knoxville, Tenn. two of them at Parchman State The Kennard Case began in Prison. 1958. Kennard, a native of Hat- tesburg, Miss., had completed three years at the University of What To Do Chicago and returned to Missis If you want to help free sippi to help support his parents. Clyde Kennard, the “forgotten He applied to Mississippi South man,” write to SNCC, 6 Ray ern University in Hattiesburg. mond St. N. W., Atlanta 14, In 1959, after two unsuccessful Ga., for full fact sheet on the attempts to enter, he was arrested case, for sample petitions, and on a reckless-driving charge and for information on nationwide police later charged him with student actions on the case illegal possession of whiskey. which you can support. Circu Kennard’s friends say he does not late petitions, write to Presi drink. He was fined $600 and in dent Kennedy and to Attorney the resulting publicity became the General Robert Kennedy urg victim of economic reprisals— ing the Justice Department to credit cut off, unable to buy sup enter the case. And write to plies for his small farm. Kennard himself. Address let In 1960, five sacks of chicken ters to Clyde Kennard, Parch feed were stolen from a ware man State Penitentiary, Parch house. A teen-ager charged with man, Miss., and send them the theft implicated Kennard, al registered to insure delivery. though his own testimony showed Kennard did not have the neces sary knowledge of the warehouse to be involved. The teen-ager was Atlanta Wall Braniatizes Housing Bias put on probaton; Kennard got (Continued from Page 1) to contest this ungodly act to the Again, instead of working on its may be good for this one thing: seven years. In prison he has been ton-Harlan area. Mayor Allen highest courts of this land if need ‘growing pains’ in an intelligent the question of Negro housing, very ill and has received 14 blood said the barricades merely serve be, and to say to Mayor Allen . . . manner, a search is made for a and of integrated housing, can no transfusions. as “a warning to unscrupulous and all backers of the Peyton ‘scapegoat’ and Negro real estate longer be ignored. Charles McDew, SNCC chair real estate dealers that Atlanta buffer in no uncertain terms that brokers are again being made the The Peyton and Harlan barri man, said: “Kennard’s imprison will not tolerate under the guise this move to wall-in Negroes will victims.” cades and the controversy have ment is a national shame, and of racial discrimination the de not be tolerated at election and The All-Citizens Association brought this matter into the open: every American should work to struction of fundamental values purchasing time,” the statement has brought two court suits white home-owners now may pub ward his release.” among any of its citizens.” said. (Mayor Allen was elected against the city contesting the licly express their fears of de with the overwhelming majority Dr. C. Miles Smith and the constitutionality of the barri preciating real of Negro votes in September, Rev. J. A. Middleton, co-chair cades and protesting that they estate values. 1961.) men along with the Rev. Mar are a public nuisance. A mu Negroes may tin Luther King, Sr., of the “As far as ‘block-busting’ is nicipal judge upheld the wall, inform that All-Citizens Committee oppos concerned,” Dr. Smith said, “if but an appeal is pending. Three they have of the five citizens bringing suit ing the “wall,” made a state it’s block-busting when a Negro no desire to ment which calls the erection of buys a house that he needs and are white. invade white the barricades “one of Atlan can afford, then ‘block-busting’ homes. Perhaps ta’s gravest mistakes and a slap will just have to stay because we Housing is no new problem for there is hope at our national creed of democ have to expand somewhere.” Atlanta, or for any metropolitan for an end to racy and justice.” (Atlanta’s Negro population area. In the past, Atlanta discrimination in “The . . . committee is pledged is 39 per cent of the total and Negroes have been effectively housing. walled-in, in a ghetto cf rigid lives on 17 per cent of the land All sides of zoned residential.) boundaries. American poli Moderate Voice Proponents of the “buffer zone” Areas into which Negroes tics should be and barricades have vehemently might have moved become ex JACKSON, Miss. — The in favor of re attacked Negro real estate bro pressways, public parks, ceme pastor of the largest Methodist moving the Pey kers for “block-busting.” W. L. teries, urban renewal projects, congregation in Mississippi, ton and Harlan Calloway, president of the Em etc. Atlanta’s Negro communi Dr. W. B. Selah, declared that walls: conserva pire Real Estate Board (Negro) ty, the wealthiest Negro com forced segregation is wrong. tives who have replied: munity in the nation, needs His statement followed publi been for physi room for expansion immedi cation in the Mississippi Meth “This year Atlanta is experi cally taking ately. odist Advocate of a statement encing another growth and ex down the Ber by 28 white ministers calling pansion boom, brought on by the The new “walls” are blatant lin wall and lib for “no discrimination because thousands of Negro families who and visible boundaries of At erals who cate have been displaced by urban re lanta’s Negro ghetto, rather than gorically oppose of race . . .” . . . JT'here in the Heck Did That Thing Come From?' newal and expressway programs. the more subtle boundaries. They walls. —Atlanta Constitution 4