DOCSLIB.ORG

Philippa of Hainaut, Queen of England

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Philippa of Hainaut, Queen of England THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY VMS Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/philippaofhainauOOwhit PHILIPPA OF HAINAUT, QUEEN OF ENGLAND BY LEILA OLIVE WHITE A. B. Rockford College, 1914. THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1915 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS THE GRADUATE SCHOOL ..%C+-7 ^ 19</ 1 HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY ftlil^ &&L^-^ J^B^L^T 0^ S^t ]J-CuJl^^-0<-^A- tjL_^jui^~ 6~^~~ ENTITLED ^Pt^^L^fifi f BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF CL^t* *~ In Charge of Major Work H ead of Department Recommendation concurred in: Committee on Final Examination CONTENTS Chapter I Philippa of Hainaut ---------------------- 1 Family and Birth Queen Isabella and Prince Edward at Valenciennes Marriage Arrangement -- Philippa in England The Wedding at York Coronation Philippa's Influence over Edward III -- Relations with the Papacy - - Her Popularity Hainauters in England. Chapter II Philippa and her Share in the Hundred Years' War ------- 15 English Alliances with Philippa's Relatives -- Emperor Louis -- Count of Hainaut Count of Juliers Vow of the Heron Philippa Goes to the Continent -- Stay at Antwerp -- Court at Louvain -- Philippa at Ghent Return to England Contest over the Hainaut Inherit- ance -- Battle of Neville's Cross -- Philippa at the Siege of Calais. Chapter III Philippa and her Court -------------------- 29 Brilliance of the English Court -- French Hostages King John of France Sir Engerraui de Coucy -- Dis- tinguished Visitors -- Foundation of the Round Table -- Amusements of the Court -- Tournaments -- Hunting The Black Death -- Extravagance of the Court -- Finan- cial Difficulties The Queen's Revenues -- Purveyance-- uiuc s Royal Manors « Philippa's Interest in the Clergy and in Religious Foundations — Hospital of St. Katharine -- Literary Tastes -- Interest in the Universities Queen's Hall -- Patronage of Jean Froissart. Chapter IV Philippa's Children ---------------------- -- - Prince Edward of Woodstock Battle of L ' Espagnol sur- Mer In Aquitaine Marriage to Joan of Kent -- Princess Isabella — Affair with Louis of Flanders -- Marriage to Sir Engerraud de Coucy Princess Joanna Betrothal to the Prince of Castile — Death in Gascony-- Lionel of Antwerp — Marriage to Elizabeth de Burgh In Ireland -- Marriage and Death in Milan -- John of Gaunt Marriage to Blanche of Lancaster Changeling Story John's Patronage of Learning Edmund of Langley -- Thomas of Woodstock -- General Characteristics Chapter V Death of Philippa ----------------------- Last Years Froissart 's Story of her Death. Bibliography , 1 PHILIPPA OF HAINAUT, QUEEN OF ENGLAND "La bonne, qui pourist en terre 1 " 1 Qui fu ro'ine d Angle terre . Chapter 1 Philippa of Hainaut owes her chief importance in history to the accident of birth and the circumstance of marriage. Consort of Edward III of England, a remarkable though scarcely a great king, Philippa played her queenly part with a grace and distinction which added lustre to her husband's reign, and with a charm of personality and a nobility of character that won for her a place in the hearts and affections of her subjects as Queen Philippa the Good. It is interesting to note that Philippa' s father, William I (of Avesnes) also enjoyed the popular appellation "the Good." He was lord of the three Netherlandish counties of Holland, Hainaut, and Zealand. These were well-populated, flourishing districts with a number of thriving cities, deriving their wealth chiefly from com- merce by sea and from manufactures, particularly the weaving of wool len cloth. Their wealth and advantageous geographical situation gave to their count considerable political importance; members of the ruling house intermarried on terms of practical equality with some of the most famous royal families of mediaeval Europe. William himself had married Jeanne de Valois, a granddaughter of Philip III ^ Froissart, Poesies , II, 8. 2_ of Prance and a sister of Philip of Valois who was elected to the French throne as Philip VI. The count and countess of Hainaut had five children who survived infancy, one son and four daughters. Philippa was the third daughter; she was born probably in 1314, though the precise date is uncertain. Her girlhood environment was of a sort that ex- plains her later intellectual interests, for her father, as well as her uncle John of Beaumont, was a zealous patron of poets, and the court at Valenciennes offered a friendly atmosphere to literary art.1 It is impossible to find evidence concerning Philippa' s education; it is doubtful if she ever learned to read or write, and there is no record that she was accomplished even in music or needlework, the ordinary achievements of ladies of mediaeval times. It was in the summer of her twelfth year that an event oc- curred which for the first time brought Philippa within the ken of contemporary historians. This event was the visit at Valenciennes of Isabella, queen of Edward II of England, together with her son, Prince Edward of Windsor. The countess of Hainaut, it is true, was a cousin of the English queen; but the motive of Isabella's visit was not social, by any means. Isabella had not been on good terms with her husband for several years, chiefly because she felt herself deprived of her due Influence over the king by his favorites, the Despensers. Aware of the fact that a large number of the English barons were nursing grievances against the same favorites, and that the whole nation was becoming restless under the inefficient government, Isabella deter- 1 OeuvPQS de Froissart (ed. Kervyn de Lettenhove), Ia,48,n.3< . , 3 mined to make an attempt at least to depose either the favorites or the king, or all of them. Accordingly she went to France and ap- pealed to her brother, King Charles IV, for aid. She succeeded in taking with her her young son, then in his early teens. This was a very clever move on her part, for the presence in her company of the popular and promising heir to the throne greatly strengthened the queen's cause. Charles IV received his sister and nephew hospitably and listened to Isabella's grievances rather sympathetically at first, though he probably never seriously considered aiding her military ex- pedition. However, Isabella's scandalous relations with Roger Mortimer, an exiled English nobleman, soon disgusted Charles so much that he made it plain to his sister that she would have to seek an- other field for her operations."*" It was under these circumstances that Isabella decided to visit the court of the count and countess of Hainaut With her suite, she withdrew quietly from France and came to Valenciennes. Here the party was received very hospitably and entertained with every honor for about eight days. Count William and his brother, John of Beaumont, were impressed with Isabella's story; Sir John volunteered to enter her service and to find other knights and men-at-arms to go with her to England to aid in the over- throw of Edward II. It was natural that Isabella should appreciate this assistance, and that she should wish to establish a closer bond between England and Hainaut. Further, there was a problem as to how she could find money to pay Sir John and his mercenaries. A "*" According to Froissart, her decision was made on the ad- vice of her cousin, Robert of Artois. Froi ssart, (Berners* Transl.) 1 , 28, ff 4 plan occurred to her which served admirably her double purpose, - namely, to marry her son to one of Count William's daughters, thus at the same time securing a useful alliance and also obtaining funds in the form of a dowry. Count William consented readily enough, 1 and the match was formally arranged, it being agreed that the mar- riage should occur within two years. Such are the cold facts in the case. Froissart puts the matter in a much more romantic light. During Prince Edward's stay at Valenciennes, the young man conversed much with the Count's four daughters; Philippa and he were especially attracted to each other. When the time came for the prince's departure, the young Philippa be- gan to weep copiously, unaffectedly confessing that she felt very sorry to have her cousin leave her. No mention is made of the Mons agreement; the chronicler relates that a year or so later, in England, the question came up (apparently for the first time) of finding a wife for the heir to the throne. Then Edward, smiling at the recol- lection of his parting from her, declared he knew of no one he would rather marry than his cousin Philippa. Froissart' s incident is unquestionably fictitious, yet it is extremely probable that Edward had a choice as to which of the count's daughters should be his bride, and their congeniality in later years makes it quite evident that there was a strong element of genuine affection in the match be- tween Edward and Philippa. However despicable Isabella's motives in her conspiracy against her husband were, her action was ultimately of benefit to 1 Document found at Mons. Oeuvres (K. de L.), 11, 502, note. 2 Oeuvres (K. de L. ) , II, 54-55; Ibid., II, 190-191. 5 England; and her visit to Hainaut was the factor which determined the benefit. The Hainaut alliance was to prove very important dip- lomatically in the succeeding years; and it was only because of the aid of the Hainaut soldiers that Isabella's party succeeded in de- posing the incompetent Edward II and in placing a more capable king on the throne.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Richard II First Folio
    FIRST FOLIO Teacher Curriculum Guide Welcome to the Table of Contents Shakespeare Theatre Company’s production Page Number of About the Play Richard II Synopsis of Richard II…..…….….... …….….2 by William Shakespeare Interview with the Director/About the Play…3 Historical Context: Setting the Stage….....4-5 Dear Teachers, Divine Right of Kings…………………..……..6 Consistent with the STC's central mission to Classroom Connections be the leading force in producing and Tackling the Text……………………………...7 preserving the highest quality classic theatre , Before/After the Performance…………..…...8 the Education Department challenges Resource List………………………………….9 learners of all ages to explore the ideas, Etiquette Guide for Students……………….10 emotions and principles contained in classic texts and to discover the connection between The First Folio Teacher Curriculum Guide for classic theatre and our modern perceptions. Richard II was developed by the We hope that this First Folio Teacher Shakespeare Theatre Company Education Curriculum Guide will prove useful as you Department. prepare to bring your students to the theatre! ON SHAKESPEARE First Folio Guides provide information and For articles and information about activities to help students form a personal Shakespeare’s life and world, connection to the play before attending the please visit our website production. First Folio Guides contain ShakespeareTheatre.org, material about the playwrights, their world to download the file and their works. Also included are On Shakespeare. approaches to explore the plays and productions in the classroom before and after the performance. Next Steps If you would like more information on how First Folio Guides are designed as a you can participate in other Shakespeare resource both for teachers and students.
    [Show full text]
  • Emotional Boundaries in Chaucer's Book of the Duchess
    ISSN 2516-8568 Emotional Boundaries in Chaucer’s Book of the Duchess Author: Julia O’Connell Source: Midlands Historical Review, Vol. 2 (2018) Published: 16/07/2018 URL: http://www.midlandshistoricalreview.com/emotional-boundaries-in- chaucers-book-of-the-duchess/ Midlands Historical Review ISSN 2516-8568 Emotional Boundaries in Chaucer’s Book of the Duchess JULIA O’CONNELL Geoffrey Chaucer (early 1340s – 1400) is widely regarded as the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages. Chaucer worked for most of his life as a civil servant in the turbulent political world of the English royal court, whilst also composing some of the most famous and influential works of English literature, such as the Canterbury Tales, Troilus and Criseyde, and The House of Fame. One of his earliest works, the Book of the Duchess, was written between 1368 and 1372 and represents Chaucer’s first experimentation with the dream vision form, the amalgamation of comic and courtly themes, and with the poetic capacity of the English language. It is also a text in which Chaucer skilfully draws upon previous literary models and adapts his French sources to create a work of emotional perspicacity. The poem has a complex narrative structure connecting three main elements: a narrator experiencing a melancholic insomnia, an interpretation of Ovid’s tale of Ceys and Alcyone, and a poignant dream-narrative in which a Man in Black grieves for the lost Lady Whyte. Through a number of coded references in the poem, the Man in Black and his lady are identified as John of Gaunt and his wife Blanche of Lancaster, who died of the plague in 1368.
    [Show full text]
  • First Evidence of Farming Appears; Stone Axes, Antler Combs, Pottery in Common Use
    BC c.5000 - Neolithic (new stone age) Period begins; first evidence of farming appears; stone axes, antler combs, pottery in common use. c.4000 - Construction of the "Sweet Track" (named for its discoverer, Ray Sweet) begun; many similar raised, wooden walkways were constructed at this time providing a way to traverse the low, boggy, swampy areas in the Somerset Levels, near Glastonbury; earliest-known camps or communities appear (ie. Hembury, Devon). c.3500-3000 - First appearance of long barrows and chambered tombs; at Hambledon Hill (Dorset), the primitive burial rite known as "corpse exposure" was practiced, wherein bodies were left in the open air to decompose or be consumed by animals and birds. c.3000-2500 - Castlerigg Stone Circle (Cumbria), one of Britain's earliest and most beautiful, begun; Pentre Ifan (Dyfed), a classic example of a chambered tomb, constructed; Bryn Celli Ddu (Anglesey), known as the "mound in the dark grove," begun, one of the finest examples of a "passage grave." c.2500 - Bronze Age begins; multi-chambered tombs in use (ie. West Kennet Long Barrow) first appearance of henge "monuments;" construction begun on Silbury Hill, Europe's largest prehistoric, man-made hill (132 ft); "Beaker Folk," identified by the pottery beakers (along with other objects) found in their single burial sites. c.2500-1500 - Most stone circles in British Isles erected during this period; pupose of the circles is uncertain, although most experts speculate that they had either astronomical or ritual uses. c.2300 - Construction begun on Britain's largest stone circle at Avebury. c.2000 - Metal objects are widely manufactured in England about this time, first from copper, then with arsenic and tin added; woven cloth appears in Britain, evidenced by findings of pins and cloth fasteners in graves; construction begun on Stonehenge's inner ring of bluestones.
    [Show full text]
  • Auguste Rodin's 'The Burghers of Calais' and The
    www.amatterofmind.us From the desk of Pierre Beaudry Page 1 of 15 AUGUSTE RODIN’S ‘THE BURGHERS OF CALAIS’ AND THE BLACK DEATH POLICY OF THE ENGLISH How Auguste Rodin created an artistic composition of axiomatic change. by Pierre Beaudry October 20, 2014 FOREWORD ``If a Black Death could spread throughout the world once in every generation, survivors could procreate freely without making the world too full.'' Bertrand Russell – 1949 ``In the event that I am reincarnated, I would like to return as a deadly virus, to contribute something to solving overpopulation.'' Queen Elizabeth's consort Prince Philip – 1988 This is wake-up time. This report is a wake-up call attempting to answer a simple but difficult axiomatic question: “Why is it that American leaders and citizens don’t see that the plague of Ebola that is being brought to their doorsteps at this time is being carried out by the same people who brought about the Black Death to Europe during the fourteenth century?” The answer to that question can be found in the situation that the population of France found themselves into, when the King of England, Edward III, laid siege to the French town of Calais in 1346. www.amatterofmind.us From the desk of Pierre Beaudry Page 2 of 15 INTRODUCTION In his Chronicles, Jean Froissart (1337-1405), A French writer at the court of the King of England, told the story of how the French town of Calais’ people were spared a horrible death by the heroic action of six of their leaders, who voluntarily accepted to give their lives to save them from famine.
    [Show full text]
  • The Flower of English Chivalry
    David Green. Edward the Black Prince: Power in Medieval Europe. Harlow: Pearson Longman, 2007. 312 pp. $28.00, paper, ISBN 978-0-582-78481-9. Reviewed by Stephen M. Cooper Published on H-War (January, 2008) In the city square of Leeds in West Yorkshire, the 1360s. He never became king of England, but there is a magnificent statue of the Black Prince, he was the sovereign ruler of a large part of erected in 1903 when the British Empire was at its France. The prince was a brilliant soldier and height and patriotism was uncomplicated. Dis‐ commander, but he was "not a political animal," playing an intense pride in his life and achieve‐ and there is a strong argument for saying that he ments, the inscription proclaims that the prince won the war but lost the peace because of his mis‐ was "the victor of Crécy and Poitiers, the Flower government of Aquitaine (p. 153). In pursuing his of English Chivalry and the Upholder of the Rights chosen themes, Green deliberately plays down the of the People in the Good Parliament." One would fighting, at which the prince was very good, and not expect a book published in 2007 to make the concentrates on the politics, where the prince was same grandiose claims, and David Green does not either rather hopeless or simply uninterested. In even intend his newest book Edward the Black terms of religion and estate management, there is Prince to be a conventional biography--he has no real evidence that "the Flower of English written one of those already (The Black Prince Chivalry" was even personally involved.
    [Show full text]
  • •Œso Hard Was It to Release Princes Whom Fortuna Had Put In
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Iowa Research Online “So Hard was it to Release Princes whom Fortuna had put in her Chains:”1 Queens and Female Rulers as Hostage- and Captive-Takers and Holders Colleen Slater ostage- and captive-taking2 were fundamental processes in medieval warfare and medieval society in general. Despite this H importance, however, only recently have these practices received significant scholarly attention, and certain aspects of these customs have been overlooked; in particular, the relationship of women to these prac- tices, which has been explored by only one scholar, Yvonne Friedman.3 Friedman’s work on female captives, while illuminating, only focuses on women as passive victims of war; that is, as captives to be taken, sold, or traded. In fact, the idea that women could only be victims of hostage- and captive-taking is almost universally assumed in the scholarship. But some women from the highest echelons of medieval society figure in the story as a good deal more than passive victims. The sources are littered with examples that not only illuminate the importance of women and gender to the customs/practices associated with hostages and captives, but also how women used them to exercise power and independence militarily, politically, and socially. Able to take matters into their own hands, these women played the game of politics, ruled their own or their husbands’ lands, and participated in the active taking and holding of hostages and captives. Examining these women is essential not only for expanding our knowledge of the more general processes of hostage- and captive-taking and holding, but also for understanding how and why women were able (or unable) to navigate them.
    [Show full text]
  • INTRODUCTION Robert Stein in 1549, the Future King Philip II of Spain
    INTRODUCTION Robert Stein In 1549, the future King Philip II of Spain visited the Low Countries in order to have himself acclaimed as the legitimate heir to his father as sovereign of the Burgundian-Habsburg lands. In the Burgundian- Habsburg state such a progress, also known as a joyeuse entrée, was a major and crucial step in the transfer of power. It took the prince no less than seven months to visit all localities. Everywhere, he was greeted with great joy, tableaux vivants were presented, processions were held, plays performed, jousts fought. Th e splendour conveyed all kinds of messages, some only comprehensible to those who were well- versed in the Low Countries’ legal and political culture, some obvious to all. No-one, for instance, could fail to notice the importance of the oaths that were sworn by the prince, as happened in Ghent, where Philip, according to custom, should ring a bell when he had sworn his oath as count of Flanders, or in Leuven, where all the articles of the Brabant constitution—the famous joyeuse entrée—were proclaimed by the chancellor. However, not all messages were unequivocal. To associate Philip with biblical and legendary kings like David, Salomon, Arthur and Charlemagne was not just pious fl attery; it also reminded the prince that he was expected to follow in the footsteps of these just and fair rulers. Moreover, the festivities expressed not only the love of the Ne- therlanders for their common ruler, but also reminded him that the Low Countries formed a diverse polity, that consisted of a range of principalities and many more towns and liberties, and which all cher- ished their own origins and local diff erences.
    [Show full text]
  • Of a Princely Court in the Burgundian Netherlands, 1467-1503 Jun
    Court in the Market: The ‘Business’ of a Princely Court in the Burgundian Netherlands, 1467-1503 Jun Hee Cho Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Jun Hee Cho All rights reserved ABSTRACT Court in the Market: The ‘Business’ of a Princely Court in the Burgundian Netherlands, 1467-1503 Jun Hee Cho This dissertation examines the relations between court and commerce in Europe at the onset of the modern era. Focusing on one of the most powerful princely courts of the period, the court of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, which ruled over one of the most advanced economic regions in Europe, the greater Low Countries, it argues that the Burgundian court was, both in its institutional operations and its cultural aspirations, a commercial enterprise. Based primarily on fiscal accounts, corroborated with court correspondence, municipal records, official chronicles, and contemporary literary sources, this dissertation argues that the court was fully engaged in the commercial economy and furthermore that the culture of the court, in enacting the ideals of a largely imaginary feudal past, was also presenting the ideals of a commercial future. It uncovers courtiers who, despite their low rank yet because of their market expertise, were close to the duke and in charge of acquiring and maintaining the material goods that made possible the pageants and ceremonies so central to the self- representation of the Burgundian court. It exposes the wider network of court officials, urban merchants and artisans who, tied by marriage and business relationships, together produced and managed the ducal liveries, jewelries, tapestries and finances that realized the splendor of the court.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P
    Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P Namur** . NOP-1 Pegonitissa . NOP-203 Namur** . NOP-6 Pelaez** . NOP-205 Nantes** . NOP-10 Pembridge . NOP-208 Naples** . NOP-13 Peninton . NOP-210 Naples*** . NOP-16 Penthievre**. NOP-212 Narbonne** . NOP-27 Peplesham . NOP-217 Navarre*** . NOP-30 Perche** . NOP-220 Navarre*** . NOP-40 Percy** . NOP-224 Neuchatel** . NOP-51 Percy** . NOP-236 Neufmarche** . NOP-55 Periton . NOP-244 Nevers**. NOP-66 Pershale . NOP-246 Nevil . NOP-68 Pettendorf* . NOP-248 Neville** . NOP-70 Peverel . NOP-251 Neville** . NOP-78 Peverel . NOP-253 Noel* . NOP-84 Peverel . NOP-255 Nordmark . NOP-89 Pichard . NOP-257 Normandy** . NOP-92 Picot . NOP-259 Northeim**. NOP-96 Picquigny . NOP-261 Northumberland/Northumbria** . NOP-100 Pierrepont . NOP-263 Norton . NOP-103 Pigot . NOP-266 Norwood** . NOP-105 Plaiz . NOP-268 Nottingham . NOP-112 Plantagenet*** . NOP-270 Noyers** . NOP-114 Plantagenet** . NOP-288 Nullenburg . NOP-117 Plessis . NOP-295 Nunwicke . NOP-119 Poland*** . NOP-297 Olafsdotter*** . NOP-121 Pole*** . NOP-356 Olofsdottir*** . NOP-142 Pollington . NOP-360 O’Neill*** . NOP-148 Polotsk** . NOP-363 Orleans*** . NOP-153 Ponthieu . NOP-366 Orreby . NOP-157 Porhoet** . NOP-368 Osborn . NOP-160 Port . NOP-372 Ostmark** . NOP-163 Port* . NOP-374 O’Toole*** . NOP-166 Portugal*** . NOP-376 Ovequiz . NOP-173 Poynings . NOP-387 Oviedo* . NOP-175 Prendergast** . NOP-390 Oxton . NOP-178 Prescott . NOP-394 Pamplona . NOP-180 Preuilly . NOP-396 Pantolph . NOP-183 Provence*** . NOP-398 Paris*** . NOP-185 Provence** . NOP-400 Paris** . NOP-187 Provence** . NOP-406 Pateshull . NOP-189 Purefoy/Purifoy . NOP-410 Paunton . NOP-191 Pusterthal .
    [Show full text]
  • Module Hi1200 Europe, 1000-1250
    MODULE HI1200 EUROPE, 1000-1250: WAR, GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY IN THE AGE OF THE CRUSADES Michaelmas Term Professor Robinson ( 10 ECTS ) CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2 2. A Guide to Module HI1200 3 3. Lecture Topics 6 4. Essay Titles 6 5. Reading List 8 6. Tutorial Assignments 11 1 1. INTRODUCTION This module deals with social and political change in Europe during the two-and-a- half centuries of the development of the crusading movement. It focuses in particular on the internal development of France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Byzantium (the Eastern Christian empire based on Constantinople) and the crusading colonies in the Near East. The most important themes are the development of royal and imperial authority, the structure of aristocratic society, rebellion and the threat of political disintegration, warfare as a primary function of the secular ruling class and the impact of war on the development of European institutions. Module HI1200 is available as an option to Single Honors, Two-Subject Moderatorship and History and Political Science Junior Freshman students. This module is a compulsory element of the Junior Freshman course in Ancient and Medieval History and Culture. The module may also be taken by Socrates students and Visiting students with the permission of the Department of History. Module HI1200 consists of two lectures each week throughout Michaelmas Term, together with a series of six tutorials, for which written assignments are required. The assessment of this module will take the form of: (1) an essay, which accounts for 20% of the over-all assessment of this module and (2) a two-hour examination in Trinity Term, which accounts for 80% of the over-all assessment.
    [Show full text]
  • Joan Plantagenet: the Fair Maid of Kent by Susan W
    RICE UNIVERSITY JOAN PLANTAGANET THE FAIR MAID OF KENT by Susan W. Powell A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts Thesis Director's Signature: Houston, Texas April, 1973 ABSTRACT Joan Plantagenet: The Fair Maid of Kent by Susan W. Powell Joan plantagenet, Known as the Fair Maid of Kent, was born in 1328. She grew to be one of the most beautiful and influential women of her age, Princess of Wales by her third marriage and mother of King Richard II. The study of her life sheds new light on the role of an intelligent woman in late fourteenth century England and may reveal some new insights into the early regnal years of her son. There are several aspects of Joan of Kent's life which are of interest. The first chapter will consist of a biographical sketch to document the known facts of a life which spanned fifty-seven years of one of the most vivid periods in English history. Joan of Kent's marital history has been the subject of historical confusion and debate. The sources of that confusion will be discussed, the facts clarified, and a hypothesis suggested as to the motivations behind the apparent actions of the personages involved. There has been speculation that it was Joan of Kent's garter for which the Order of the Garter was named. This theory was first advanced by Selden and has persisted in this century in the articles of Margaret Galway. It has been accepted by May McKisack and other modern historians.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reputation of Edward II, 1305–1697: a Literary Transformation of History
    1 The Reputation of Edward II, 1305–1697: A Literary Transformation of History Kit Heyam 2 Contents The Reputation of Edward II, 1305–1697: A Literary Transformation of History ...... 1 Contents ....................................................................................................................... 2 Cover blurb .................................................................................................................. 4 Keywords ..................................................................................................................... 5 Author details............................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 7 Abstract .................................................................................................................................................... 7 Keywords ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Life of an ‘unfortunate king’ ................................................................................................................. 9 Writing Edward II’s narrative ............................................................................................................. 11 Reading
    [Show full text]