Introduction

Cartosat - 1 (DOS), Government of India has a glorious history of having launched a series of for Earth’s resource management and monitoring. These satellites have been very successful in providing data in various scales ranging from 1:1Million upto 1:12,500 scale.

Each of the IRS Missions ensured data continuity while introducing improvements in the spatial, Along track stereo viewing spectral and radiometric resolutions. Hitherto, the best spatial resolution offered from the IRS satellites is 5.8m in both Panchromatic and multispectral mode.

There is now an increasing demand for large scale and topographic mapping. To meet this requirement. DOS has launched the Cartosat-1 which is dedicated to stereo viewing for large scale mapping and terrrain modelling applications.

Globally there are many satellite systems which provide high resolution data to meet the requirements for geo-engineering and cartographic applications. The Cartosat-1 satellite has a number of advantages over these systems in that it provides high Ground Trace Pattern resolution near-instantaneous th stereo data with a spatial Scene of P + 11 Day resolution of 2.5m and 10bit quantization.The Cartosat-1 carries two Panchromatic Scene of Pth Day cameras, which generate stereoscopic image of the area along the track. Trace of Orbit N +1

Trace of Orbit N

Path n-1 Path n Orbit and Coverage Payload

Cartosat-1 is a global mission. The nominal The Cartosat-1 satellite has two life of the mission is planned to be five panchromatic cameras with 2.5 m spatial years. The satellite was launched by the resolution, to acquire two images indigenously built Polar Satellite Launch simultaneously, one forward looking (FORE) Vehicle (PSLV - C5). The satellite covers at +26 degrees and one aft of the satellite the entire globe in 1867 orbits with a at -5 degrees for near instantaneous stereo repetivity of 126 days. Adjacent paths are data.The time difference between the covered with a separation of eleven days. acquisitions of the same scene by the two

Orbit Specifications Stereo Scene Layout

Path n Path n + 1 S.No Parameter Specifications

01 Orbit Polar Sun Synchronous 23.5 km

02 Orbital Altitude 618 km

03 Orbits / cycle 1867 26.8 km Row m Row m 04 Semi Major Axis 6996.14 km (10500 lines)

05 Eccentricity 0.001

06 Inclination 97.87 o 1.3 km

07 Local Time 10:30 AM 26.8 km (12000 pixels) 08 Revisit 5 days

09 Repetition 126 days Row m+1 Row m+1

10 Orbits / day 14

11 Orbital Period 97 minutes

Orbit and coverage pattern

Orbit No.

2 1543 1217 891 979 653 327 1

1706 1380 1054 728 1142 816 490 164

21.46 km

Equator

2704.5 km

1 105 83 61 67 45 23 1 116 94 72 50 78 56 34 12 Day No. cameras is about 52 seconds. The Payload Specifications spacecraft body is steerable to compensate the earth rotation effect and to force both Fore and Aft S.No Parameter Specifications Fore 29.42 km cameras to look at the same ground 01 Swath strip when operated in stereo mode. Aft 26.24 km Fore 2.452 m (Across track) Simultaneous stereo pair 02 IGFOV Aft 2.187 m (Across track) acquisitions are of great advantage 03 Ground sample distance 2.54 m (Along Track) since the radiometric parameters of 04 Spectral band 0.5 – 0.85 microns the images will be identical. The 05 Quantisation 10 bits (1024) stereo pairs have a swath of 26 km 06 Number of detectors 12 K and a fixed B/H ratio of 0.62. Apart 07 Pixel size 7 x 7 micron from the stereo mode, the satellite 08 Integration time 0.336 ms is also equipped to operate in the 09 Focal length 1945 mm wide swath mode. When operated 10 Data rate per Camera 336 Mbps in this mode the satellite can be 11 Data compression Ratio 3.22:1(nominal)depends on terrain maneuvered such that image strips 12 Type of compression JPEG will fall side by side so that wider 13 Data rate transmitted to 105 Mbps/camera ground

Roll tilt capability

Day Number

34 23 12 1 116 105 94 56 45 83 72 61 50 39 28 17 6 121

9.6 o

22 o

Path 1

swath images of 55 km are obtained by the Data Handling system cameras. The spacecraft also has a facility to provide various pitch-biases to vary the The data rate requirement for 2.5 m look angle conditions of the stereo pair. resolution system is about 336 Mbps for a 10 bit quantization. This high bit data is The satellite covers the same area in a compressed by 3.2:1 by JPEG compression specified interval of 126 days.Cartosat-1’s technique. A spherical Phased Array roll tilt capability can be used to increase Antenna with steerable beam is used to this viewing frequency, which varies with transmit the data to the required ground latitude. The revisit capability at equator is station. A solid state recorder with 120 Gb 5 days. capacity to store about 9 minutes of Payload data is available for global operation of the payloads. Cartosat - 1 Products Area of Interest (AOI) based standard products Cartosat-1 data products are of two categories. One or more scenes covering the user’s area of interest, specified as a single * Standard product (radiometrically polygon in the form of an ESRI shapefile, corrected, georeferenced) are provided as tiled products (not * Precision product (ortho rectified mosaiced). The user-specified polygon product) (order polygon) is padded outside with extra buffer distance to ensure the area coverage, Standard products are generated after considering the accuracy specifications of accounting for radiometric and geometric the system corrected product. The modified distortions while precision products are polygon boundaries are used to define each ortho rectified. Ortho rectified products are constituent full/sub-scene product. The corrected for terrain distortions and camera different tiles are not radiometrically tilt effects with the help of control points matched. The minimum order area is 25 km and using Stereo Strip Triangulation (SST) x 25 km. The location accuracy of these based DEM (only for Indian region). All products is better than 250m. All AOI based Cartosat -1 data products are supplied with products are provided as digital products 10 bit radiometry for both PAN Fore and Aft (CD/DVD) only. AOI products are available cameras. for only radiometrically corrected or Geo- referenced data.

Standard Products

S. No Type of Product Correction applied

01 Radiometrically corrected Stagger corrections, line loss corrections, radiometric correction at / Basic Stereo scene level

Radiometric and geometric corrections (north-oriented) at scene level 02 Standard Georeferenced using System knowledge

Orthokit products Radiometric corrections along with Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs) 03 (Mono / Stereo)

Terrain corrected products using TCPs and DEM from SST software (only for 04 Ortho product Indian region)

Outline of AOI Product (Multiple Scenes) Standard Products Specifications

Accuracy specifications Area Coverage Level of Digital data S. No Media Remarks (Scene based / Float) Processing Format Location Internal Accuracy Distortion

Scene/float Terrain Basic stereo 01 RAD LGSOWG CD-ROM/DVD/Disk 250m Mono/Stereo* dependent pair

Scene/float Terrain RAD product 02 RAD Orthokit ### CD-ROM/DVD/Disk 250m (Mono/Stereo) * dependent with RPC file

Standard § LGSOWG* 03 Scene/float Terrain Geo - Referenced Corrections GeoTIFF CD-ROM/DVD/Disk 250m (Mono) * dependent product Applied ## Fast Format

Standard 04 Scene/float Terrain Geo - Referenced Corrections GeoTIFF CD-ROM/DVD 250m Mono *, AOI § dependent product Applied #

# Includes AOI ## All standard corrections products are Geo-Referenced. ### Include RPC file and Meta file. § Minimum area of AOI is 25*25 Sq km, supplied with Meta file. * Restricted Area Masking is done, wherever required.

Orthokit Products These products facilitate the user to produce high precision products and extract digital elevation models (DEM). The location Ortho kit products are supplied with only accuracy of the products is better than radiometric corrections. A file consisting of 250m. It is recommended to use software the rational polynomial coefficients (RPC) packages, certified by Department of Space, is also provided for further processing at for better results. user’s end. An orthokit product consists of an image file (GeoTIFF format), an RPC file (text file) and a metadata file. Precision geo-referenced products

Orthokit products facilitate the user to These are mosaiced and ortho rectified produce high precision products by using products. These products can be supplied control points / external DEM in the with different area coverages – 7 ½’ x 7 ½’ commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) (both Survey of India (SOI) mapsheet based software. It is recommended to use software and floating), 5’ x 5’, 3.75’ x 3.75’ and 2.25’ packages, certified by Department of Space, x 2.25’. All these products are supplied as a for better results. single product. Best efforts are made to provide the data with seamless radiometry Stereo Products in case the area is covered on two different dates.The location accuracy of these Scene based stereo products are supplied products will be better than 25m. For global with only radiometric corrections. Stereo users, these products can be supplied with data are supplied as digital products only. the help of GCPs provided by the user. These products can be supplied in LGSOWG format and in GeoTIFF format with RPCs. In the case of stereo data in LGSOWG format, radiometrically corrected data from both Fore and Aft cameras are provided. Stereo data in GeoTIFF format comprise of radiometrically corrected data from both Fore and Aft cameras and an RPC file. Precision (Ortho) Products

Accuracy specifications Level of Digital data S. No Area Coverage Media Remarks Processing Format Location Internal Accuracy Distortion

Precision Mapsheet based/Float Using DEM 01 (ortho) GeoTIFF CD-ROM < 25m Around 10m 7.5’ * 7.5’ * = and TCPs Terrain corrected

Precision Float Using DEM 02 (ortho) GeoTIFF CD-ROM < 25m Around 10m 5’ * 5’ * = and TCPs Terrain corrected

Precision Float Using DEM 03 (ortho) GeoTIFF CD-ROM < 25m Around 10m 3.75’ * 3.75’ * = and TCPs Terrain corrected

Precision Float Using DEM 04 (ortho) GeoTIFF CD-ROM < 25m Around 10m 2.25’ * 2.25’ * = and TCPs Terrain corrected

Note: All the Geocoded products ortho corrected.

* Restricted Area Masking is done, wherever required.

Services On-line data ordering facility

Various services provided include : This facility enables the user to place requests for products on-line based on the 1. On-line Digital browse facility the type of product required. Users need to 2. On-line data ordering facility specify their area of interest in terms of 3. On-line Payload programming point, Survery of India mapsheet, polygon, request placing facility district name, state name, location on a map 4. Data dissemination in near real-time or by inputting a shape file; period of interest through network and type of product. Browse images which meet the user input are fetched and presented to the user. Users can select the On-line Digital browse facility scenes which suit their requirement and save the details. Users can view the list of The on-line digital browse service facilitates scenes selected and the corresponding easy location and selection of available graphic display. data. Data availability can be queried based on AOI, city name, Survery of India In addition to on-line ordering, this facility mapsheet, polygon, district name, state enables the users to get information on their name, location on a map or by inputting a product status and accounts status. shape file. This facility can be used as a stand-alone service or as an integral part of http://www.nrsa.gov.in the on-line data ordering facility. On-line Payload programming http://www.nrsa.gov.in request placing system

The existing data may not cover the user’s area of interest, may be cloudy or ortherwise not meet the user’s requirement. In such cases, users can request for programmed Digital Browse Queries

data. Such requests also can be placed on- The registration is done offline. The users line. A request placed for payload need to write to NDC or mail to NDC for programming, is first checked for feasibility registering themselves. While ordering the of acquisition and a proposal is sent to the data, the user needs to specify whether the user. On obtaining the user confirmation, data has to be transferred through net or data are programmed and acquired. not. As soon as the data are uploaded to Acquisition plan is prepared based on the the ftp server, the user gets a mail with his priority of the request and cloud cover password. The user needs to key in the conditions of the area requested. On password while downloading the data. successful aquisition, data are generated after user confirmation. A maximum of three As the data to be transferred is voluminous, attempts are made within the requested it takes a long time for the transfer. Therefore period. Users can view the proposal and provision exists to compress the data and request the status on-line. put on the net. Option to select the ratio of compression and the software to be used http://www.nrsa.gov.in for compression is given to the user while placing the order. Data dissemination in near real-time throught network How to avail these facilities ?

In order to deliver data within a few hours Users can avail these facilities by registering of acquisition a web based ftp site is themselves with the services. All the maintained which enables the user to down services are made available without any load the data using Internet. The user is service fees. given an account based on user name and password. All the users who want to avail this facility should be registered with NDC. On-line User Services

Cartosat - 1 Data Distribution 4. It is possible to provide raw data for the user specified areas and period of interest along with the data processing software. Various sources of Cartosat-1data world- This concept is known as virtual station. For wide are as follows : such data requirements, users can contact . 1. Indian users and users from neighbouring countries covered by Indian ground station, For specific information on availability of an can procure Cartosat -1 data products from IGS or data of a particular location, users NDC. may contact Antrix Corporation Ltd. - the commercial wing of DOS. 2. International users can get Cartosat-1 data products from the following source : Data down link access

Antrix Corporation Ltd. Antrix Corporation Ltd., Department of Antariksh Bhavan, New BEL Road, Space, is responsible for data distribution Bangalore - 560 094, outside the Indian visibility cone. For data Karnataka, India down link access, users can contact Antrix Corporation Ltd. e-mail : [email protected] Phone : +91 80 2341 6274 Upgradation / Establishment of : +91 80 2217 2189 Ground Station Fax : +91 80 2341 8981 Web site : www.antrix.org Antrix Corporation Ltd. has the required expertise to upgrade the existing ground 3. IRS International Ground Stations station having X-band (8 to 8.4 GHz) operating in various parts of the World. reception capability to receive Cartosat-1 data or set up an entirely new reception and processing facility. Antrix shall announce be limited to the balance amount in user’s from time to time other agencies authorised account. Same organisation/individual can to provide reception capability for open more than one account if required. Cartosat-1. Conditions of sale General terms and conditions of supply of data products All products are sold for the sole use of purchasers and shall not be loaned, copied Orders or exported without express permission and only in accordance with terms and The order will be entertained only when the conditions if any, agreed with the NRSA Data required information is furnished in full and Centre, National Remote Sensing Agency, payment made in advance. Once the order Dept. of Space, Govt. of India. is processed, NDC sends a confirmation copy to the purchaser. Order once Complaints and inspection processed and confirmed cannot be amended or cancelled unless technical No complaint related to the quality and/or problems are encountered during data quantity of the products will be entertained generation. NDC reserves the right to unless the complaint is lodged at NDC within refuse/cancel any order in full or part. 30 days from the date of despatch. On acceptance of the complaint, products can Price be returned after confirmation by NDC. If the rejections are accepted by NDC, all The price applicable to each order is the attempts will be made to provide similar/ one in effect on the date of confirmation of equivalent data products. the order at NDC. NDC publishes a price list of data products at periodic intervals. The purchaser is responsible for any use of the data products purchased form NDC, which has no liability or responsibility for Payments the fitness of the products for any particular use. Consequently, the purchaser waives All orders must be accompanied by full all claims against NDC. advance payment for processing to be initiated. In general, all the data products will be For Indian users, payment may be made by despatched by registered insured post/air demand draft in Rupees payable to National parcel. Products can be despatched by Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad – Courier service/speed post or through FTP 500 037, Andhra Pradesh, India. site as specific request and at NDC’s discretion. For foreign users, within the Indian ground station coverage payment may by be made Supply of data products on the price list are by telecredit in US$ payable to ANZ governed by these general terms. No GRINDLAYS BANK, Account no Madras contrary terms or conditions of the 001313.0001 chips 232293 for credit to purchaser are binding on the NRSA Data NRSA, Hyderabad. India. Centre. Completed order form and payment may be mailed to: For continued operation, a standing account can be opened by users by depositing a suitable amount. The user may add to the balance or obtain a refund of the balance at any time. Processing of data at any time will NRSA Data Centre National Remote Sensing Agency Balanagar, Hyderabad – 500 037. Phone:040 – 23878560, 23884423, 23884424 Fax :040 – 23878664/23878158 E.mail : [email protected] Web site: www.nrsa.gov.in

Cartosat - 1 Image - Adana, Turkey