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MURRAY, Robert Joseph. the USE of CONDITIONAL SENTENCES in SAINT JOHN CHRYSOSTOM's HOMILIES on the GOSPEL of SAINT JOHN

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MURRAY, Robert Joseph. the USE of CONDITIONAL SENTENCES in SAINT JOHN CHRYSOSTOM's HOMILIES on the GOSPEL of SAINT JOHN This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly ac received Mic 69-4119 MURRAY, Robert Joseph. THE USE OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IN SAINT JOHN CHRYSOSTOM'S HOMILIES ON THE GOSPEL OF SAINT JOHN. The Ohio State University, Ph*D., 1960 Language and Literature, classical University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE USE OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IN SAINT JOHN. CHRYSOSTOM1 S HOMILIES ON THE GOSPEL OF SAINT JOHN DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By ROBERT JOSEPH MURRAY, A.B., M.A. ****** The Ohio State University I960 Approved by Adviser “ Department of Classical Languages TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION .......................... 1 II. REAL CONDITIONS ...................... 11 III. EVENTUAL CONDITIONS ........... 50 IV. POTENTIAL CONDITIONS .................. 103 Potential Optative V. UNREAL CONDITIONS .................... 123 Similes Potential Indicative VI. MISCELLANIA . .................... '« 148 Irregular Conditions Conditional Participles Indirect Questions VII. CONCLUSION............................ 165 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................. 180 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.............. 184 ii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Of the several great doctors of the Greek Church, none have produced works of greater literary worth than John of Antioch, who later became known as "Chrysostom." The "golden-mouthed" orator was born of well-to-do parents sometime between 34-4 and 354, most likely in 354. Al­ though his mother was widowed at an early age, she managed to afford John an excellent education, which included . the opportunity to study under Libanius. This famous rhetor was one of the leading figures of the Second Sophistic, a movement which attempted, with some success, to revive the language and style of the Attic Greek of the fourth century before Christ. After his conversion to the Christian faith in 372, John turned to the pursuit of sacred studies under Dio­ dorus of Tarsus, a proponent of the Antiochene school of Scriptural exegesis, which stresses literal rather than allegorical interpretation. For several years he lived the strict ascetic life of a hermit, but was eventually forced by ill health to return to Antioch. In 386 he was ordained presbyter, and for the next twelve years was the regular preacher for Flavian, Bishop of Antioch. In 398 he was brought to Constantinople and made patriarch of the city. But his uncompromising attitude against vice and luxury won him many enemies, among them the empress Eudoxia, the powerful minister Eutropius, and many members of the clergy. Furthermore, Theophilus, Patriarch of Alexandria, had little love for John, whose See was steadily rising in power and replacing Alexandria as the chief Patriarchate in the East. After several clashes with the growing ranks of his enemies, Chrysostom was banished in 404. Three years later he died in exile. The corpus of Chrysostom's Opera is extensive, filling eighteen volumes of Migne's Patrologia Graeca. Besides his many letters, most of which were written while he was in exile, John wrote treatises on various subjects, such as monastic life, virginity, and the priesthood. This last is one of his most famous works. He also de­ livered many orations on contemporary events, the best known being, perhaps, the orations On the Statues, and 1. There are numerous works dealing with the life of Chrysostom. The facts presented here have been taken from Berthold Altaner, Patrologie (Freiberg: Herder and Co., 1950), pp# 278-289; and J.F. D*Alton (ed.), Selections from St. John Chrysostom (London: Burns, Oates, and Washbourne. Ltd.,1940), pp. I-38 . Both of these books provide extensive bibliographies. those against Eutropius. Finally, there are large num­ bers of homilies, or explanatory sermons, on Genesis, Isaias, Psalms, the Gospels of St. Matthew and St. John, the Acts of the Apostles, and all the Pauline epistles except the Epistle to the Galatians. Although Chrysostom has been read and appreciated for centuries, the text of a great number of his works has never been subjected to critical treatment. One example is the series of eighty-eight homilies on the Gospel of Saint John. There are seven editions of this series, but each is either a reprint of an earlier edition, or based on an eclectic and incomplete collection of material from manuscripts or printed editions. The following list of editions will give the his­ tory of the text of Chrysostom's Johannine Homilies. Commelin: the editio nrincens. edited by Hieronymus Commelin, published in Heidelberg in 1603, and based on three manuscripts which belong to two separate traditions. Savile: edited by Henry Savile and published at Eton in 1613. The first forty-six homilies are based on a manuscript of Magdalen College as corrected by Commelin's edition. The last forty-two are based on Commelin as corrected by a Paris manuscript. Morel: a reprint of Commelin, published in Paris by Carolus Morel, 1636-1642. First Benedictine: edited by Bernard de Montfaucon, published in Paris, 1718-1738, and for the most part combining the Morel and Savile editions. Second Benedictine: edited by Theobald Fix, published in Paris, 1834-1839, and based mainly on the First Benedictine, with some textual changes and variant readings from Paris manuscripts 705, 706, and 709, and Savile's edition. Migne: a reprint of the Second Benedictine published in the Patroloeia Graeca series in 1862. Salesian: another reprint of the Second Benedictine, published in Turin, 1944-1948, in the Corona Patrum Salesiana. Series Graeca.^ All the editions, then, are basically Commelin's, Savile's, or a combination of the two, with arbitrary use of what­ ever manuscript evidence happened to be available at the time. The present work has been undertaken primarily with the hope of making some contribution to aid the future editor who will prepare a critical edition of Chrysostom's Homilies on John. A statistical study of syntactical 2. See Paul W. Harkins, "The Text Tradition of Chrysostom's Commentary on John," Theological Studies. XIX (1958), 404-412. usage should prove useful when decisions must be made between two possible manuscript readings. At the same time, however, such a study of Chrysostom's grammar can help the student of the history of the language by furnishing a partial basis for comparison of the Greek of an educated man of the fourth century after Christ with the Greek which is generally taken as the norm, that of the fourth or fifth century before Christ. I have chosen to treat conditional sentences because such a study not only furnishes information about the various types of conditions, but also because, when apodoses are considered, it touches upon many other points of grammar, such as imperative, potential indica­ tive and optative, various subjunctive uses, etc. Specifically, we shall first consider those sentences containing a protasis introduced by et or one of its com­ pounds. This will include, in addition to conditional sentences, those sentences containing protases of a con­ cessive nature. We shall also treat potential optative and potential indicative constructions, since these so often occur either after a conditional expression or with a condition somehow Implied. Finally we shall take up the question of participles with conditional or con­ cessive force, and non-conditional uses of the particle cts viz. to introduce indirect questions and similes. 6 The Salesian text3 has been used as the basic text of this study primarily because, while its text is prac­ tically identical to that in Migne,4, it is both more readily available and, because of its smaller format, more suited to easy reference. It has several disadvan­ tages, however. It has no apparatus criticus. it is not divided into chapters, and it is filled with misprints. For this reason Migne has been used constantly as a con­ trol and for the critical apparatus. The Savile edition^ has been consulted only for vexed passages for which the footnotes in Migne offer no solution. Throughout this thesis passages have been identified in the following manner. First, the number of the homily is given, next the chapter (according to Migne's divi­ sion), and finally the page and line numbers in the Sale­ sian text. If a passage is from one of the scriptural quotations printed before each homily, the abbreviation "Introd.” is given in place of the line number. 3. John Chrysostom, Le Omelie su S. Giovanni Evangelista, edited by D. C. Tirone, 0 ,S.B. ("Corona Patrum Salesiana, Serie Greca," vols. X-XIII; Turin: Societa Editrico Internazionale, 1944-1948). 4. John Chrysostom, Opera Omnia Quae Extant, vol. VIII ("Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Patrologia Graeca," edited by J. P. Migne, vol. LIX; Paris: apud J. P. Migne, lo62). 5. John Chrysostom, Opera Omnia, edited by Henry Savile, vol. II (Eton: John Norton, 1613). Despite the fact that the Salesian text includes four volumes, the volume number is not given with the reference. It is simple enough to determine the volume, since the eighty-eight homilies are equally divided, twenty-two to a volume. Parentheses around a reference show that it is a variant reading taken from the apparatus in Migne or in rare cases from Savile. When totals are enclosed in parentheses, they include all instances of a certain type, including variant readings. The footnotes in the Migne edition contain an in­ complete reprinting of the apparatus of the Second Bene­ dictine, which, in its turn, is incomplete and vague. Except for the three codices used by Fix, manuscripts are identified only by such indefinite and uninstructive words as "multi," "quidam," "alii," "unus," etc. One other manuscript, referred to as "ms. orient." was used by Savile only for Homily 58 but it is quoted often in Migne for that one homily.? Whenever a point of grammar is discussed in the fol­ lowing chapters, the discussion applies both to classical Attic Greek usage and to the usage of Chrysostom unless 6.
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