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Unite Republic of Tanzania フィリピン環境社会配慮 プロファイル 2011 年 7 月 独立行政法人 国際協力機構（JICA) 審査 CR(5) 11-002 目 次 第 1 章 フィリピン共和国の概況 ............................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 当該国の概況 ................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1.1 位置および地勢 ....................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.2 気象 .......................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.3 水象 .......................................................................................................................... 1-3 1.1.4 政治体制・法制度・行政機構 ............................................................................... 1-4 1.2 環境社会配慮関連法規 ................................................................................................. 1-8 1.3 環境社会配慮関連行政組織 ......................................................................................... 1-8 1.3.1 環境天然資源省（DENR） .................................................................................... 1-8 1.3.2 その他の環境行政 ................................................................................................. 1-10 1.4 国際条約批准・適用の概要 ....................................................................................... 1-11 1.5 関連 NGO の動向 ........................................................................................................... 1-12 1.6 援助機関の動向 ........................................................................................................... 1-13 1.6.1 ADB ........................................................................................................................ 1-15 1.6.2 世界銀行................................................................................................................. 1-15 1.6.3 USAID .................................................................................................................... 1-15 1.6.4 GTZ ......................................................................................................................... 1-15 1.6.5 中国 ........................................................................................................................ 1-16 第 2 章 自然環境 ......................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 概況 ................................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1.1 特徴 .......................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 関連組織................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.3 関連法規及び計画 ................................................................................................... 2-2 2.1.4 NGOs ........................................................................................................................ 2-6 2.2 野生生物種 ..................................................................................................................... 2-6 2.2.1 関連法規................................................................................................................... 2-6 2.2.2 固有種 ...................................................................................................................... 2-7 2.2.3 絶滅危惧種............................................................................................................... 2-7 2.2.4 問題分析................................................................................................................. 2-10 2.3 重要な生態系・生息地 ............................................................................................... 2-11 2.3.1 関連法規................................................................................................................. 2-11 2.3.2 生態系の特徴及び問題点 ..................................................................................... 2-12 2.3.3 保護区 .................................................................................................................... 2-15 2.3.4 ラムサール登録湿地 ............................................................................................. 2-16 2.3.5 生物圏保護区 ......................................................................................................... 2-18 2.3.6 その他重要な地域 ................................................................................................. 2-19 2.4 森林 ............................................................................................................................... 2-22 i 2.4.1 関連法規................................................................................................................. 2-22 2.4.2 森林の現況、取り組み、問題点 ......................................................................... 2-23 2.5 現地法制度と新環境ガイドライン、世界銀行セーフガードポリシーの整合性・ギ ャップの分析 ............................................................................................................................ 2-26 第 3 章 公害・環境汚染 ............................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 概況（一般的特徴） ..................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 大気汚染の現況と取り組み ......................................................................................... 3-1 3.2.1 大気汚染の現況と問題点 ....................................................................................... 3-1 3.2.2 大気汚染に関わる取り組み ................................................................................... 3-4 3.3 水質汚濁の現況と取り組み ......................................................................................... 3-7 3.3.1 水質汚濁の現況と問題点 ....................................................................................... 3-7 3.3.2 水質汚濁に関わる取り組み ................................................................................. 3-12 3.4 土壌汚染の現況と取り組み ....................................................................................... 3-15 3.4.1 土壌汚染の現況と問題点 ..................................................................................... 3-15 3.4.2 土壌汚染に関わる取り組み ................................................................................. 3-16 3.5 廃棄物の現況と取り組み ........................................................................................... 3-17 3.5.1 廃棄物の現況と問題点 ......................................................................................... 3-17 3.5.2 廃棄物に関わる取り組み ..................................................................................... 3-21 第 4 章 社会環境 ......................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 概況 ................................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1.1 一般的特徴............................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 宗教 .......................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.3 文化 .......................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 主要な社会問題 ............................................................................................................. 4-1 4.2.1 貧困問題................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2.2 ジェンダー・児童労働 ........................................................................................... 4-5 4.2.3 社会的弱者の権利保護に係る動向と取り組み ................................................... 4-8 4.2.4 労働者の権利保護に係る動向と取り組み ........................................................... 4-9 4.2.5 その他国際的人権基準の批准・適用の概要 ..................................................... 4-11 4.2.6 紛争問題................................................................................................................. 4-12 4.3 文化遺産 ....................................................................................................................... 4-13 4.3.1 国内の主要な文化遺産 ......................................................................................... 4-13 4.3.2 関連法規及び関連組織 ......................................................................................... 4-18 4.3.3 文化遺産の保全に係る政策と課題 ..................................................................... 4-19 4.4 現地法制度と新環境ガイドライン、世界銀行セーフガードポリシーの整合性・ギ ャップの分析 ............................................................................................................................ 4-20 第 5 章 気候変動 ......................................................................................................................... 5-1 ii 5.1 気候変動による影響 ..................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1.1 フィリピンにおける気候の変化 ........................................................................... 5-1 5.1.2 海面上昇................................................................................................................... 5-2 5.1.3 GHG インベントリー ............................................................................................. 5-2 5.1.4 各セクターへの影響 ............................................................................................... 5-3 5.2 関連法規及び関連機関 ................................................................................................
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