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Impact of Terrorist Attacks on Tourist Arrivals: Received: 01-04-2021 Accepted: 03-05-2021 Evidence from Sri Lanka
International Journal of Tourism and Hotel Management 2021; 3(2): 01-08 E-ISSN: 2706-9591 P-ISSN: 2706-9583 IJTHM 2021; 3(2): 01-08 Impact of terrorist attacks on tourist arrivals: Received: 01-04-2021 Accepted: 03-05-2021 Evidence from Sri Lanka Priyanga Dunusinghe Department of Economics, Priyanga Dunusinghe and BMPK Beligahawaththa University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka Abstract BMPK Beligahawaththa Sri Lanka is a one of the leading tourist destinations in the world. The successive governments took Department of Economics, various policy measures to develop the tourism industry despite the facing a 30-year long civil war. University of Colombo, The end of the war in 2009 was seen as an opportunity to unleash the potential of the sector. Colombo, Sri Lanka Nevertheless, the Easter Sunday terrorist attack casts doubt on to what extent Sri Lanka will be able to make use of the sector for her socio-economic development. In the context of the above attack, this study expect to examine the impact of terrorist attacks on the tourism industry. The study make use of secondary data extracted from national statistical agencies. Our findings clearly indicate that tourism industry suffered a lot following terrorist attacks. It was found that tourist arrivals and tourism receipt were lower by around 20 per cent in a year which witnessed terrorist attacks compared to a normal year. Similarly, in the short-run, employment in the industry declined by around 11 per cent following a major terrorist attack on civilian target. The findings suggest that it is high time to enhance the capacities for the security establishments to minimize the risks pose by various terrorist organizations. -
RESUME BIMBA LAKMINI GOONAPIENUWALA E.Mail: [email protected] / Lakmi [email protected]
RESUME BIMBA LAKMINI GOONAPIENUWALA E.mail: [email protected] / [email protected] EDUCATION PhD Candidate, Nutritional Sciences Present Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA Master of Philosophy (MPhil) 2017 University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of surgery (MBBS). 2006 University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Second Class Honors in 2nd MBBS, 3rd MBBS part I and part II and final MBBS, with distinctions in Parasitology. RESEARCH EXPERIENCE Master of Philosophy (MPhil) 2012-2017 University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Mentors: Prof. S. Siribaddana, Prof. S.B. Agampodi and Prof. N.S. Kalupahana “Prevalence of overweight and obesity and body image perception among schooling adolescents (aged 13 - 16 years) in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka.” MANUSCRIPTS 1. Goonapienuwala BL, Agampodi SB, Kalupahana NS and Siribaddana S. (2017). Body Image Construct of Sri Lankan Adolescents. Ceylon Medical Journal 62: 40–46. 2. Dassanayake DLB, Wimalaratna H, Agampodi SB, Liyanapathirana VC, T.A.C.L. Piyarathna TACL and Goonapienuwala BL. (2009). Evaluation of surveillance case definition in the diagnosis of leptospirosis, using the Microscopic Agglutination Test: a validation study. BMC Infectious Diseases 9:48. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 1. Goonapienuwala BL, Wickramage SP, Kalupahana NS, Antonypillai CN, Pussepitiya DMURK5, Nandadeva TDP3, Dassanayake DMSUK6, Kumari MGSN6, Pathirana LYV, Amaratunga HA, Gamage SMK, Wijeratne AGG, Perera BSS, Hemachandra MWG7, Liyanarachchi CW7, Ariyasena WKDUIK8, Senarathna KGWM, Senanayake PHP, Chandrasiri KTCP, Wijethunga Arachchi SD, Rathnayake RMPM, Ranasingha DDJ, Pethiyagoda CJB, Piyathilake GMD, Dasanayaka KNP, Adikari SB (2019). Occurrence of known diabetes mellitus among Buddhist monks and nuns, and their perceptions on dietary advice given to them by doctors. -
Projects Summary
PROJECTS SUMMARY NATIONAL PHYSICAL PLANNING POLICY AND PLAN 2010-2030 National Physical Planning Department 5th Floor Sethsiripaya, Battaramulla Sri Lanka Te: (011) 2872046 / 2872047 Fax: (011) 2872061 / 2872056 e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.nppd.gov.lk Ministry of Construction, Engineering Services, Housing and Common Amenities i ii Project List approved on the 13th of January 2011 by the National Physical Planning Council chaired by His Excellency the President based on the National Physical Planning Policy & Plan approved on the 3rd of July 2007 i ii Message of His Excellency Mahinda Rajapaksa, President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka “The objective of our next massive leap forward is to transform Sri Lanka into a strategically important economic centre of the world. My determination therefore, is to transform Sri Lanka to be the Pearl of the Asian Silk Route once again. I will take steps to develop our country as a naval, aviation, commercial, trade and knowledge hub as a key link between the East and the West using our excellent strategic geographical location effectively.” Mahinda Chintana – A Brighter Future iii Message of Hon. Wimal Weerawansa, Minister of Construction, Engineering Services, Housing and Common Amenities After the approval of National Physical Planning Projects Report by the National Physical Planning Council chaired by His Excellency the President, prepared by the National Physical Planning Department coming under my Ministry, the publication of a National Physical Planning Projects Summary Report embodying these approved projects is a significant occasion. The primary objective of this is to provide an accelerated economic development for the Sri Lankan community with a structure fittingly linked with modern eco friendly rural and urban sectors by means of large scale projects identified through physical policy and plan. -
Kandy Esala Perahera Trust - 2014
P.S.No.77/2016 - Third Installment – Part – III – Funds – Report of the Auditor General – 2014 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Kandy Esala Perahera Trust - 2014 The audit of financial statements of the Kandy Esala Perahera Trust for the year ended 31 December 2014 comprising the balance sheet as at 31 December 2014 and the income and expenditure account and cash flow statement and a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information was carried out under my direction in pursuance of provisions in Article 154(3) of the Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka read in conjunction with Section 16(2) of the Kandy Esala Perahera Trust Act, No. 34 of 1980. 1.2 Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements --------------------------------------------------------------------------- The management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements in accordance with Sri Lanka Public Sector Accounting Standards and for such internal control as the management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatements, whether due to fraud or error. 1.3 Auditor’s Responsibility --------------------------------- My responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on my audit. I conducted my audit in accordance with Sri Lanka Auditing Standards consistent with International Standards of Supreme Audit Institutions (ISSAI 1000-1810). Those Standards require that I comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatements. An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. -
Sri Lanka Dambulla • Sigiriya • Matale • Kandy • Bentota • Galle • Colombo
SRI LANKA DAMBULLA • SIGIRIYA • MATALE • KANDY • BENTOTA • GALLE • COLOMBO 8 Days - Pre-Designed Journey 2018 Prices Travel Experience by private car with guide Starts: Colombo Ends: Colombo Inclusions: Highlights: Prices Per Person, Double Occupancy: • All transfers and sightseeing excursions by • Climb the Sigiriya Rock Fortress, called the private car and driver “8th wonder of the world” • Your own private expert local guides • Explore Minneriya National Park, dedicated $2,495.00 • Accommodations as shown to preserving Sri Lanka’s wildlife • Meals as indicated in the itinerary • Enjoy a spice tour in Matale • Witness a Cultural Dance Show in Kandy • Tour the colonial Dutch architecture in Galle & Colombo • See the famous Gangarama Buddhist Temple DAY 1 Colombo / Negombo, SRI LANKA Jetwing Beach On arrival in Colombo, you are transferred to your resort hotel in the relaxing coast town of Negombo. DAYS 2 & 3 • Meals: B Dambulla / Sigiriya Heritage Kandalama Discover the Dambulla Caves Rock Temple, dating back to the 1st century BC. In Sigiriya, climb the famed historic 5th century Sigiriya Rock Fortress, called the “8th wonder of the world”. Visit the age-old city of Polonnaruwa, and the Minneriya National Park - A wildlife sanctuary, the park is dry season feeding ground for the regional elephant population. DAY 4 • Meals: B Matale / Kandy Cinnamon Citadel Stop in Matale to enjoy an aromatic garden tour and taste its world-famous spices such as vanilla and cinnamon. Stay in the Hill Country capital of Kandy, the last stronghold of Sinhala kings and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Explore the city’s holy Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic, Gem Museum, Kandy Bazaar, and the Royal Botanical Gardens. -
Midwifery in Sri Lanka
A fruit seller with her baby in Sri Lanka Midwifery and Childcare in Sri Lanka 15 – 29 September 2019 With Galle Extension 29 September – 2 October 2019 2 nights Colombo • 3 nights Habarana • 3 nights Trincomalee • 3 nights Kandy • 2 nights Nuwara Eliya • 1 night Colombo “We did a lot of varied things and I thank you for showing the beautiful country of Sri Lanka to me in such depth. I loved it.” Elizabeth Ivill, Midwifery and Childcare in Sri Lanka, 2016 Herds of wild elephants at Minneriya National Park Welcome to Sri Lanka, a small island crammed The following morning visit the Rainbow Centre full of treasures, including eight UNESCO and learn about their work providing education World Heritage Sites. See mystical ruins, and welfare to disadvantaged children. Later jungles, gleaming white tropical beaches, drive to Habarana in the ancient cultural heart national parks with huge herds of elephants, of the island, stopping en route at the elephant vivid green mountains and mouth-watering orphanage in Pinnawala. Check into Sigiriya cuisine. Its seas are home to dolphins, turtles Village Hotel and relax in the lovely gardens. and the world’s largest colony of blue whales. Early the next morning head out to the On this study tour you will travel from the legendary sky citadel of Sigiriya, possibly the colonial capital, Colombo, to the ancient most spectacular site in Sri Lanka. Climb up in cultural heartland of the island, through the cool of morning for dramatic views. Built in jungles to the coast at Trincomalee and into the 5th century on top of a vast 200m granite lush highlands. -
Buddhist Forest Monasteries and Meditation Centres in Sri Lanka a Guide for Foreign Buddhist Monastics and Lay Practitioners
Buddhist Forest Monasteries and Meditation Centres in Sri Lanka A Guide for Foreign Buddhist Monastics and Lay Practitioners Updated: April 2018 by Bhikkhu Nyanatusita Introduction In Sri Lanka there are many forest hermitages and meditation centres suitable for foreign Buddhist monastics or for experienced lay Buddhists. The following information is particularly intended for foreign bhikkhus, those who aspire to become bhikkhus, and those who are experienced lay practitioners. Another guide is available for less experienced, short term visiting lay practitioners. Factors such as climate, food, noise, standards of monastic discipline (vinaya), dangerous animals and accessibility have been considered with regard the places listed in this work. The book Sacred Island by Ven. S. Dhammika—published by the BPS—gives exhaustive information regarding ancient monasteries and other sacred sites and pilgrimage places in Sri Lanka. The Amazing Lanka website describes many ancient monasteries as well as the modern (forest) monasteries located at the sites, showing the exact locations on satellite maps, and giving information on the history, directions, etc. There are many monasteries listed in this guides, but to get a general idea of of all monasteries in Sri Lanka it is enough to see a couple of monasteries connected to different traditions and in different areas of the country. There is no perfect place in samṃsāra and as long as one is not liberated from mental defilements one will sooner or later start to find fault with a monastery. There is no monastery which is perfectly quiet and where the monks are all arahants. Rather than trying to find the perfect external place, which does not exist, it is more realistic to be content with an imperfect place and learn to deal with the defilements that come up in one’s mind. -
Progress 2014
1 Ministry of Culture and the Arts Progress 2014 Compiled by the Planning Division to provide details on the progress of the planed programmes according to the “Mahinda Chinthana Ediri Dekma” conducted by the Ministry in 2014 and to introduce plans for 2015 Published by Ministry of Culture and the Arts 8th Floor Sethsiripaya, Battaramulla 2 Message of Hon. Minister !!! Meaningful Progress in Culture ! The cultural value system of Sri Lanka or any other country has two aspects called tangible heritage and intangible heritage. However, culture and art are immeasurable gifts bestowed by our forefathers. Their preciousness depends on the activities of not only the human beings but all the living beings in the globe. It gives me great pleasure to note herein a positive progress made in implementing administrative functions related to culture and the arts which have inextricable relations with the human life. This progress is an eloquent testimony to the fulfilment of objectives set by the ministry and other institutions functioning under its purview. It further confirms the betterment of ordinary public during the period where Sri Lanka forges ahead to be the “Wonder of Asia”. Our attempt to mark the progress of our functions in an environment conducive to the spiritual development without sticking to the advancement of science and technology has succeeded. The speciality in the achievement is the integration between our programmes and national heritage which directed the thinking of ordinary public towards arts and beauty of life. Without being captivated by modern scientific and technological implements, we could successfully register a remarkable advancement in affairs related to arts in a background that is conducive to spiritual development. -
National Highway Sector Project
Environmental Assessment Report Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 38357 May 2007 Sri Lanka: National Highway Sector Project Prepared by [Author(s)] [Firm] [City, Country] Prepared by Road Development Authority for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Prepared for [Executing Agency] [Implementing Agency] The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. National Highway Sector Project RSC 54199 IMPROVEMENT / UPGRADING of Habarana to Trincomalee A006 National Highway INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE) FINAL REPORT Submitted to Asian Development Bank (ADB) March 2007 by Road Development Authority Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Initial Environmental Examination Report- Rehabilitation of Habarana Trincomalee Road (A006) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE OF THE IEE REPORT................................................................................ 7 1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND....................................................................................................... 7 1.2.1 PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT ...................................................................................... -
REISEABLAUF 5 Tage / 4 Nächte Negombo – Dambulla – Sigiriya – Minneriya – Kandy – Nuwara Eliya – Negombo
REISEABLAUF 5 Tage / 4 Nächte Negombo – Dambulla – Sigiriya – Minneriya – Kandy – Nuwara Eliya – Negombo Day 01: Negombo – Dambulla Pick up from the hotel at Negombo at 0900hrs. Thereafter, travel to Dambulla. Upon arrival to Dambulla, visit the Golden Temple at Dambulla. Dambulla Cave Temples, vast isolated rock mass 500 feet high and a mile around the base. Here is found the famous Rock Temple dating to the First Century B.C. The caves of Dambulla sheltered King Walagamba during his 14 years of exile from Anuradhapura. When he regained the throne he built the most magnificent of Rock Temples to be found in the Island. Thereafter check-in to the hotel for dinner and overnight stay. Day 02: Dambulla – Sigiriya – Minneriya – Dambulla Breakfast at the hotel and travel to Sigiriya. Visit the very impressive 5th century Sigiriya Rock Fortress. This world heritage site, consists of the remains of a palace on the top of the rock, a mid-level terrace that includes the Lion Gate and the mirror wall with its frescoes of the 'Heavenly Maidens', the lower palace on the slopes below the rock, and the moats, walls and water gardens that extend for some hundreds of metres out from the base. Thereafter travel to Minneriya for the National Park safari. Located between Habarana and Polonnaruwa, the 8,890 hectares of Minneriya National Park consists of mixed evergreen forest and scrub areas and is home to favorites such as sambar deer, leopards and elephants. However the central feature of the park is the ancient Minneriya Tank (built in 3rd century AD by King Mahasena). -
Evaluation of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sector in Sri Lanka
Evaluation Working Paper Sri Lanka Country Assistance Program Evaluation: Agriculture and Natural Resources Sector Assistance Evaluation August 2007 Supplementary Appendix A Operations Evaluation Department CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 01 August 2007) Currency Unit — Sri Lanka rupee (SLR) SLR1.00 = $0.0089 $1.00 = SLR111.78 ABBREVIATIONS ADB — Asian Development Bank GDP — gross domestic product ha — hectare kg — kilogram TA — technical assistance UNDP — United Nations Development Programme NOTE In this report, “$” refers to US dollars. Director General Bruce Murray, Operations Evaluation Department (OED) Director R. Keith Leonard, Operations Evaluation Division 1, OED Evaluation Team Leader Njoman Bestari, Principal Evaluation Specialist Operations Evaluation Division 1, OED Operations Evaluation Department CONTENTS Page Maps ii A. Scope and Purpose 1 B. Sector Context 1 C. The Country Sector Strategy and Program of ADB 11 1. ADB’s Sector Strategies in the Country 11 2. ADB’s Sector Assistance Program 15 D. Assessment of ADB’s Sector Strategy and Assistance Program 19 E. ADB’s Performance in the Sector 27 F. Identified Lessons 28 1. Major Lessons 28 2. Other Lessons 29 G. Future Challenges and Opportunities 30 Appendix Positioning of ADB’s Agriculture and Natural Resources Sector Strategies in Sri Lanka 33 Njoman Bestari (team leader, principal evaluation specialist), Alvin C. Morales (evaluation officer), and Brenda Katon (consultant, evaluation research associate) prepared this evaluation working paper. Caren Joy Mongcopa (senior operations evaluation assistant) provided administrative and research assistance to the evaluation team. The guidelines formally adopted by the Operations Evaluation Department (OED) on avoiding conflict of interest in its independent evaluations were observed in the preparation of this report. -
Polonnaruwa Development Plan 2018-2030
POLONNARUWA URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2018-2030 VOLUME I Urban Development Authority District Office Polonnaruwa 2018-2030 i Polonnaruwa 2018-2030, UDA Polonnaruwa Development Plan 2018-2030 POLONNARUWA URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN VOLUME I BACKGROUND INFORMATION/ PLANNING PROCESS/ DETAIL ANALYSIS /PLANNING FRAMEWORK/ THE PLAN Urban Development Authority District Office Polonnaruwa 2018-2030 ii Polonnaruwa 2018-2030, UDA Polonnaruwa Development Plan 2018-2030 DOCUMENT INFORMATION Report title : Polonnaruwa Development Plan Locational Boundary (Declared area) : Polonnaruwa MC (18 GN) and Part of Polonnaruwa PS(15 GN) Gazette No : Client/ Stakeholder (shortly) : Local Residents, Relevent Institutions and Commuters Commuters : Submission date :15.12.2018 Document status (Final) & Date of issued: Author UDA Polonnaruwa District Office Document Submission Details Version No Details Date of Submission Approved for Issue 1 Draft 2 Draft This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and for specific purposes connected with the above-captioned project only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or used for any other purpose. We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this document being relied upon by any other party, or being used for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by other parties. This document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from the party