Characterizing the Protagonists in Grand Theft Auto V Master's

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Characterizing the Protagonists in Grand Theft Auto V Master's CONSTRUCTING IDENTITIES IN SAN ANDREAS: Characterizing the protagonists in Grand Theft Auto V Master’s thesis Joonas Kettunen University of Jyväskylä Department of Languages English August 2015 JYVÄSKYLÄN YLIOPISTO Tiedekunta – Faculty Laitos – Department Humanistinen tiedekunta Kielten laitos Tekijä – Author Joonas Kettunen Työn nimi – Title CONSTRUCTING IDENTITIES IN SAN ANDREAS: Characterizing the protagonists in Grand Theft Auto V Oppiaine – Subject Työn laji – Level Englanti Pro gradu -tutkielma Aika – Month and year Sivumäärä – Number of pages Elokuu 2015 101+2 liitettä Tiivistelmä – Abstract Digitaalisten pelien merkitys on nykyään huomattava taloudellisesti ja kulttuurisesti. Ihmiset käyttävät aikaa ja rahaa digitaalipelien pelaamiseen enemmän kuin koskaan aikaisemmin ja pelaajamäärät kasvavat jatkuvasti. Yksi viime vuosien suurimmista digitaalipeleistä, niin budjetiltaan kuin pelaajamäärältäänkin, on Grand Theft Auto V. Lisäksi GTA V on saanut erinomaiset arvostelut ja peliä pidetäänkin yhtenä parhaana digitaalipelinä kautta aikojen. Erityisesti pelin hahmoja on kehuttu. Edellä mainittujen seikkojen perusteella GTA V -pelin päähahmot, Michael, Franklin ja Trevor, ovat tämän tutkimuksen keskiössä. Tutkimuksessa Grand Theft Auto V -peliä tarkastellaan kulttuurituotteena. Päähahmojen identiteetin rakentumista tutkitaan hahmoanalyysin avulla, joka pohjautuu kirjallisuusteoriaan. Analyysissa jokaisen hahmon ryhmäkategoriat, persoonallisuuskategoriat, sosiaalisten roolien kategoriat ja kieli on analysoitu hyödyntäen hahmoanalyysia. Tutkimuksen pääaineiston muodostaa GTA V –pelistä tehty ”elokuva”, joka sisältää kaikki välianimaatiot GTA V –pelistä. Lisäksi tutkimukseen on sisällytetty videoleikkeitä tehtävien suorittamisesta, mikäli ne sisältävät tärkeää informaatiota pelin päähahmoista. Tutkimuksen tulokset puhuvat sen puolesta, että päähahmojen identiteetit on rakennettu GTA V:ssä erittäin huolellisesti ja yksityiskohtaisesti. Hahmot ovat hyvin todentuntuisia, mutta varsinkin heidän moraalinen käyttäytymisensä erottaa heidät todellisuudesta. Lisäksi tutkimus osoitti, että virtuaalisia hahmoja digitaaliympäristössä voidaan tutkia kirjallisuusanalyysin menetelmiä hyödyntäen. Grand Theft Auto V ei ole pelkästään digitaalinen peli, vaan ilmiö, jota on syytä tutkia jatkossa lisää sen kulttuurisen merkittävyyden vuoksi. Asiasanat – Keywords Grand Theft Auto V, digital games, characterization, identity Säilytyspaikka – Depository JYX Muita tietoja – Additional information Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................5 1.1 Aims and research questions ......................................................................................................8 1.2 Data ......................................................................................................................................... 10 1.3 Grand Theft Auto V – the game .............................................................................................. 12 1.4 The structure of the study ....................................................................................................... 15 2 DIGITAL GAMES ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.1. What constitutes a game? ....................................................................................................... 17 2.2. Digital game terminology ...................................................................................................... 19 2.3 Approaches to game studies .................................................................................................... 23 2.4 Games and identity ................................................................................................................. 26 3 CHARACTERIZATION ............................................................................................................... 31 3.1 Implicit and explicit characterization ...................................................................................... 32 3.2 Schema and impression formation .......................................................................................... 33 3.3 The three social categories ...................................................................................................... 34 3.4 Flat/round distinction in characterization ............................................................................... 35 3.5 Visual features ........................................................................................................................ 36 3.6 Linguistic cues in characterization .......................................................................................... 37 3.6.1 Pragmatics and speech-acts .............................................................................................. 38 3.6.2 (Im)politeness and face-threatening acts in characterization ........................................... 39 3.7 Paralinguistic cues in characterization .................................................................................... 42 4 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 43 4.1 The transcription process ........................................................................................................ 43 4.2 Method of analysis .................................................................................................................. 45 5 ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................... 47 5.1 Group membership category ................................................................................................... 47 5.1.1 Michael’s group memberships ......................................................................................... 48 5.1.2 Franklin’s group memberships ......................................................................................... 49 5.1.3 Trevor’s group memberships ........................................................................................... 49 5.2 Visual features ........................................................................................................................ 50 5.2.1 Michael‘s visual features ................................................................................................. 50 5.2.2 Franklin’s visual features ................................................................................................. 51 5.2.3 Trevor’s visual features .................................................................................................... 52 5.3 Personality and personal category ........................................................................................... 53 5.3.1 Michael’s personality and personal category ................................................................... 54 5.3.2 Franklin’s personality and personal category ................................................................... 56 5.3.3 Trevor’s personality and personal category ...................................................................... 59 5.4 Social role category ................................................................................................................. 64 5.4.1 Michael’s social roles ....................................................................................................... 65 5.4.2 Franklin’s social roles ....................................................................................................... 68 5.4.3 Trevor’s social roles ......................................................................................................... 71 5.5 The protagonists’ language in GTA V ...................................................................................... 74 5.5.1 Michael’s language ........................................................................................................... 74 5.5.2 Franklin’s language .......................................................................................................... 78 5.5.3 Trevor’s language ............................................................................................................. 81 6 DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................. 85 6.1 Main findings ........................................................................................................................... 85 6.2 Limitations of the study ........................................................................................................... 91 6.3 Conclusions and suggestions for further research ................................................................... 92 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................. 95 APPENDIX 1 .................................................................................................................................. 102 Character wheel in Grand Theft Auto V ...................................................................................... 102 APPENDIX 2 .................................................................................................................................. 103 Transcription sample from the mission
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