DAILY NEWS DIARY 05.05.2021
DAILY NEWS DIARY
Of
05.05.2021
FOR PRELIMS AND MAINS
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Warm Greetings.
➢ DnD aims to provide every day news analysis in sync with the UPSC pattern. ➢ It is targeted at UPSC – Prelims & Mains. ➢ Daily articles are provided in the form of Question and Answers
• To have a bank of mains questions. • And interesting to read.
• Providing precise information that can be carried straight to the exam, rather than over dumping.
Enjoy reading.
THE HINDU - TH INDIAN EXPRESS - IE BUSINESS LINE - BL ECONOMIC TIMES - ET TIMES OF INDIA - TOI
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INDEX
Essay Paper 1. Gender Gap and still too few women in politics ………………………………………………………………………….04
GS 3 ❖ Science & Technology 1. Oxygen Concentrator…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..05
❖ Science & Technology 2. Central Government nod for trials in 5G technology...... 06
Snippets: 1. Delhi Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan (DRRAA)……………………………………………………………...... 07
2. Increased rural distress in the second wave...... 08
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ESSAY PAPER Editorial Q- India plagued with Gender Gap and still too few women in politics, that came to light after the recent elections. Comment? INTRODUCTION = The gender gap in India has widened to 62.5%, largely due to women’s inadequate representation in politics, technical and leadership roles, decrease in women’s labour force participation rate, poor healthcare, lagging female to male literacy ratio, income inequality.
India in 2021 has slipped 28 places and has been ranked 140th among 156 nations participating in the rankings. It is the third-worst performer among South Asian countries, with Pakistan and Afghanistan trailing and Bangladesh being at the top. The report states that the country fared the worst in political empowerment, regressing from 23.9% to 9.1%. Recent Examples – A crucial factor in the latest round of assembly polls was the women’s vote. But while issues seen to be prioritised by women attracted more attention from political parties, a commensurate increase in women representatives in assemblies remains elusive. 1. In Bengal where Mamata Banerjee as the lone woman CM in the country heavily banks on her female support base. Her government has introduced a plethora of welfare schemes to empower and woo young women. Yet the number of women candidates fielded by TMC in the latest polls was just 50 out of 291.
Women’s representation in the new Bengal assembly remains unchanged at 40 out of 294.
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2. Similarly, in Tamil Nadu the winning DMK’s manifesto was replete with women-centric schemes ranging from enhanced maternity leave for women government employees to free bus passes for women. But at the level of representation, the number of women MLAs in the state assembly has actually declined from 21 in 2016 to just 12 out of 234 this time. 3. Kerala raises some hopes with an increase in women MLAs from eight to 11 out of 140. This includes state health minister K Shailaja’s historic 60,000 vote margin victory. But women MLAs have never exceeded 10% of the total strength of the Kerala assembly. While parties say that winnability is the prime factor in ticket distribution, social biases often skew the perception of winnability. The merit argument will not have credibility until Parties make more space for women in their rank and file. Don’t expect women voters to be satisfied with welfare schemes in their name. They should demand and get a more just share in political representation and elsewhere.
GS 3 ❖ Science & Technology Q- What is an oxygen Concentrator and how does it help? BACKGROUND = Unlike medical oxygen sourced from industrial units, which are supplied via cylinders, concentrators are devices that can be operated at home. When is an oxygen concentrator needed? When blood saturation levels drop below 94%, it could be a sign of respiratory distress. Usually this merits hospitalisation, but due to the surge in COVID-19 cases and oxygen beds in short supply. 1. The device could help those whose saturation levels range between 88 and 92 if they can’t access hospital services. 2. Any lower would require more intensive oxygenation and any higher would mean that an improvement in lung function can obviate the need for such a device. What does a concentrator do? An oxygen concentrator takes in air and separates the oxygen and delivers it into a person via a nasal cannula. Air is 79% nitrogen and 21% oxygen and a concentrator that works by plugging into a source of electricity delivers air that is upto 95% oxygen, easeing the burden on the lungs. However in cases of severe respiratory distress, it may be necessary to provide oxygen that is almost 99% pure and an oxygen concentrator is not up to that job,
How does it work? A concentrator consists of a compressor and sieve bed filter. The former squeezes atmospheric air and also adjusts the pressure at which it is delivered. The sieve bed is made of a material called Zeolite that separates the nitrogen. There are two sieve beds that work to both release oxygen into a tank that’s connected to the cannula as well as release the separated nitrogen and form a continuous loop that
keeps producing fresh oxygen.
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Are all concentrators the same? These products come with a variety of specifications. There are those with varying oxygen outputs. For COVID-19 patients, a device with a 5L-10 L output is recommended. What’s important though is that it delivers air that contains at least 90% pure oxygen. The cost of these devices can range from ₹40,000 to ₹90,000. There are also pulse and continuous flow concentrators where the latter delivers oxygen at a constant rate and the other uses a sensor to deliver a puff of oxygen when a user is about to inhale.
❖ Science & Technology Q- How is the Central Government nod for trials in 5G technology a boon for Indian Service Providers while being a bane for China? BACKGROUND = The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) gave permission to Telecom Service Providers (TSPs) to conduct trials for the use and application of 5G technology. The applicant TSPs include Bharti Airtel Ltd., Reliance JioInfocomm Ltd., Vodafone Idea Ltd. and MTNL. These TSPs have tied up with original equipment manufacturers and technology providers, which are Ericsson, Nokia, Samsung and C-DOT. This formally leaves out Chinese companies like Huawei and ZTE from the 5G race in India. 1. TSPs are encouraged to conduct trials using 5Gi technology in addition to the already known 5G technology, the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) has also approved the 5Gi technology, which was advocated by India, as it facilitates much larger reach of the 5G towers and radio networks. 2. The 5Gi technology has been developed by the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IIT-M), Centre of Excellence in Wireless Technology (CEWiT) and IIT Hyderabad. 3. The duration of the trials is for six months, which includes a time period of two months for the procurement and setting up of the equipment. 4. Each TSP will have to conduct trials in rural and semi-urban settings also, in addition to urban settings, so that the benefit of 5G technology proliferates across the country and is not confined to the urban
areas
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5. With 5G technology data, download rates are expected to be 10 times that of 4G while giving up to three times greater spectrum efficiency. The trials will be on a non-commercial basis.
Snippets GS 2 ❖ Social Justice Q- Discuss the need for Schemes related to children, pregnant, lactating women remaining functional amidst the pandemic? ▪ In view of several children being affected by COVID - the Delhi Rozi Roti Adhikar Abhiyan (DRRAA)
demanded that all schemes related to children, pregnant and lactating women should remain functional
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and be considered essential services. And also demanded that there should be a special mechanism in place to track children who test positive, test their families and provide care. ▪ Children who need institutional care should be identified proactively and ensured access. This can be done in coordination with the child welfare committees and Anganwadi centres and monitored by Delhi Commission for Protection of Child Rights [DCPCR] ▪ The DRRAA also said growth monitoring, identification and follow-up of severely malnourished children must continue and depending on the local situation, a provision for cooked meals that are delivered at home be made available.
▪ Additionally the mohalla clinics should be converted into vaccine centres with priority given to adults in households with children and pregnant women. Full vaccination [both doses] of all front-line workers must be ensured as soon as possible. ASHA, Anganwadi workers and helpers should receive an additional payment for their work during this period as they are underpaid and not considered full-time employees
GS 3 ❖ Economic Development Q- Why is there an increased rural distress in the second wave and what steps are being by RBI to ease their burden? BACKGROUND = The pandemic’s second wave is affecting rural households far more than last year With a large number of microfinance staffers, borrowers and their families hit by COVID-19, impacting many
more livelihoods than during the first wave.
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▪ The trend, which poses a higher risk of loan delinquencies if the rising infections don’t taper off by the end of May along with mobility restrictions, was flagged by microfinance institutions (MFIs) to the Reserve Bank of India Governor Shaktikanta Das . 1. Urging the central bank to grant forbearance for borrowers unable to pay instalments with some flexibility for the MFIs to restructure affected loans, industry representatives observed that while collections had been normal till early April -- in the wake of the gradual recovery -- they had slowed down since then. 2. Instead of an across-the-board moratorium, it would be better to give MFIs freedom to restructure loans based on requests without attracting the provisioning norms while invoking relief provisions that are applied for natural calamities. After analysis ICRA cautioned that MFIs face a ‘high risk’ perception amid the sharp surge in infections. Though some States have classified the industry as an essential activity, borrowers’ cash flows may be affected due to restrictions. Rapidly rising infections and mobility restrictions are impacting MFIs’ field operations, and an estimate sequential drop of 8%-10% in collections in April 2021 and the same may dip further.
Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT regarding Government’s Pandemic modelling approach SUTRA? 1. It stands for Susceptible, Undetected, Tested (positive), and Removed Approach 2. The SUTRA model chose a “data centric approach 3. It gave out estimates of what the number of future infections might be and the likelihood of when a peak might occur, needed certain ‘constants’. 4. This model is currently the most accurate measurement index of the pandemic guage a. 1 and 2 b. 1, 2 and 3 c. All of the above d. 1 alone
Match the following Tribal Rebellions with its causes – 1. Kachanga A. Against British Forest Laws 2. Khasis B. Against Presence of British Army in the Agency Areas 3. Koya C. Against the 1793 A.D Land Revenue Policy 4. Munda D. Against the interference of Christian Missionary activities a. 1B, 2C, 3A, 4D b. 1C, 2B, 3D, 4A c. 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D d. 1D, 2C, 3B, 4A Answer – A NOTE: Popular Tribal Revolts: 1. CHUARS: Marabhum and Danabhum (W.B) were the first to revolt against British land revenue policy in 1769 A.D.
2. KHASIS- Assam: Revolted in 1828 – 1832 A.D, under the leadership of Tiruth Singh and
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Darmanik against the presence of Army in the agency area and British revenue policy. 3. KOLS – Chota Nagpur: Revolted in 1832 A.D, under the leadership of Buddho Bhagath against British Policy of expansionism. 4. KHONDS – Orissa: Revolted in 1846 – 1848 A.D, under the leadership of Chakra Besai against the British policy of interference when Lord Hardinge I banned the custom of human 10rganized. 5. KACHANGA – Kacher District in Assam: 1882 A.D, revolted against the British land revenue policy under leadership of Sambu Dan. 6. KOYA: Godavari Agency Area in Andhra Pradesh: 1922 – 1923 AD, revolted at Rampa – Chodavaram under the leadership of “Alluri Sitaram Raju” against the British forest laws and the exploitation of the tribes by the tribal chiefs called Muthadars. Sitaram Raju attacked Chintapalli Police Station with his Koya followers and killed notorious officer Bastian Rutherford who was the commissioner of operations against Sitaram. Raju was assassinated at Koyyagudem. 7. MUNDA –Bihar: 1899 – 9000 A.D, revolted under the leadership of Birsa Munda against the Christian Missionary activities in the agency area and demanded their own rights in the soil. Birsa founded a new cult called `Singabonga’ and started the ‘Sons of the Soil’ movement called Ulgulan. He was deported in 1900 A.D, as a political prisoner. 8. NAIKDAS Panchamahal hills Gujarat: 1858 – 1868 A.D, revolted under the leadership of Roop Sing and Jaria Bhagath against British policy of expansionism and interference. They declared the formation of the 2nd independent tribal kingdom with Roop Singh as the head of the State and Jaria as the head of the religion. 9. OROANS Chota Nagpur: 1915 A.D, revolted under the leadership of Jatra Bhagath. It started as a reform movement called Bhagath Movement and also Tanabhaga movement preaching monotheism. Later in became anti – British and a part of the freedom struggle. 10. SANTHAL REBELLION: it took place in the Rajmahal hills in Bihar from 1854 to 1856 A.D. It opposed British land revenue policy, under the leadership of Siddhu and Kanhu. They defeated the British armies under General Borraugh and declared the formation of 1st independent tribal kingdom in modem India in the region between Bhagalpur and Patna. The importance of the Santhal revolt was: It was the first revolt that exploded the myth of European invincibility The revolt had direct impact on 1857 Sepoy mutiny. 11. SAVARA: Srikakulam Agency Area, Andhra Pkadesh in 1857 A.D. It was led by Dundasena against the British Forest laws. 12. THADOE: Kuki, Manipur: 1917 A.D. It was led by Rani Gindinilu and her cousin Zodanang against the presence of the British in the agency areas. Imprisoned Rani Gidinilu was released in 1947 A.D, and was called the “daughter of Indian Independence” by Prime Minister Nehru. 13. BHILS: 1913 A.D. This rebellion was led by Govind Guru against British revenue policy. 14. CHENCHU: Nallamala Hills in Andhra Pradesh: 1922-1923 A.D. They revolted against British ‘Forest Laws under the leadership of K.Hanumanthu: He 10rganized-Palanadu’ which was a Forest Satyagraha against British forest laws.
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UPSC - CSE
COMPREHENSIVE & FOUNDATION COURSE
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COURSE INCLUDES: UPSC - CSE • NCERT • Prelims & Mains • GS Foundation • CSAT • Daily Tests & Writing Practice
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