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Role of the Press and Associations in the Socio-Cultural and Political Movements: a Case Study of North Bengal (1869-1969)

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Role of the Press and Associations in the Socio-Cultural and Political Movements: a Case Study of North Bengal (1869-1969) ROLE OF THE PRESS AND ASSOCIATIONS IN THE SOCIO-CULTURAL AND POLITICAL MOVEMENTS: A CASE STUDY OF NORTH BENGAL (1869-1969) ^iHesis submitted to the "University of!Nbrth (BengaC, (DarjeeCing, M^est BengaC, for the (Degree of (Doctor of (Philosophy in History NILANGSHU SEKHAR DAS Lecturer in History (Selection Grade) Mathabhanga College, Cooch Behar Supervisor PROFESSOR ANANDA GOPAL GHOSH DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL RAJA RAMMOHUNPUR, DARJEELING WEST BENGAL: 734013 UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL 2007 •TS I 95/,. 1^035 202084 /: MAR M^ ROLE OF THE PRESS AND ASSOCIATIONS IN THE SOCIO-CULTURAL AND POLITICAL MOVEMENTS A CASE STUDY OF NORTH BENGAL (1869-1969) DECLARATION The present Ph. D. Dissertation entitled "Role of the Press and Associations in the Socio-Cultural and Political Movements: A case study of North Bengal" (1869-1969), submitted by me for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History from the University of North Bengal, is entirely based on original materials carried out under the supervision of Dr. Ananda Gopal Ghosh, Professor, Department of History, University of North Bengal and that neither this thesis nor any part of it has been submitted in any academic institution for such degree or diploma for me. Supervisor Candidate (Dr. Ananda Gopal Ghosh) (Nilangshu Sekhar Das) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work has grown out of a special interest on 'Media and Society' in modem times keeping in view the modem trends in historical writings. It was a longstanding professional urge to discover and report on what media had been doing for this country. The emergence of the Indian press, properly so called, was the product and a stimulant of the process of national regeneration that began in the 19th century. Similarly, different types of associations, either socio-cultural or political have also got much credit to reframe our social structure and social changes. In trying to define and to promote it, the press and associations have been playing an important part to focus on so many important aspects of our society. We know that the press is the mirror of public opinion and a chronicles of social, political and cultural events. Out of this belief the present work has been undertaken to know about the role of the press and associations of North Bengal, a particular geographical area, both in the pre- partition and post-partition period. As I am a permanent inhabitant of this region and most of my personal and official assignments are confined within the jurisdiction of this region, I became very much interested with the Regional Vernacular Press and Associations of this place. My association with this area as the son of the soil, proved to be of great advantage during the period of my intense investigations. I have been fortunate enough to get a committed supervisor. Professor Ananda Gopal Ghosh at the Department of History, North Bengal University, who, despite his busy academic and social assignments and responsibilities curved out long hours to lend me persistent guidance and direct me over the last six years, responding to my calls even at odd hours. I wish to express heartfelt and sincere gratitude for his active supervision and constant help, encouragement, advice and patience throughout the course of my research work. The present work also benefited from the comments, in sights and co-operation and support of my teachers Professor Pranab Kumar Bhattacharyya, Professor Josobanta Kar, Professor Chhanda Chakraborty, Professor Ratna Roy Sanyal, Professor Ichhimuddin Sarkar of the Department of History, North Bengal University,! also thank Dr. Bijoy Kumar Sarkar, my senior and presently a faculty member of the Department, for whatever co­ operation I have received from him in the present work. I would like to express my gratefulness for co-operation and valuable suggestions made by Late Goutam Chottopadh^ya, President of the Paschim Banga Itihash Samsad, Professor J. B. Bhattacharjec of NEHU, Dr. Ramkrishna Chatterjee, Netaji Institute for South-Asian Studies, Calcutta, Professor Ranjit Sen, Calcutta University, Professor Smriti Kumar Sarkar, Kalyani University, Professor Anil Bhuimali, Department of Economics, N.B.U. and Dr. Dilip Kumar Sarkar, Controller of Examinations, North Bengal university. I also record my indebtedness to late Nirmal Chandra Choudhury of Jalpaiguri, late Upendra Nath Barman of Jalpaiguri, late Hemanta Kumar Roy Barma of Cooch Behar, Sri Jiban De, Cooch Behar, Dr. Nripendra Nath Paul, Cooch Behar, Dr. Digbijoy De Sarkar, Cooch Behar, Dr. Kamalesh Chandra Das, Balurghat College, Dr. Sailen Debnath^Alipurduar College, Dr. Shyamal Guha Roy, Siliguri College, Dr. Partha Sen^Islampur College, and Sri Ashim Kumar Sarkar, Malda College for their various help which I have received on several occasions. In this work I have accumulated debts to many people and Institutions and I am grateful to all of them. I have benefited from a number of sources in preparing this dissertation. I am extremely grateful to the learned scholars, academicians and authors whose work I have extensively consulted during the course of my study. I would like to put on record my sincere thanks and gratefulness to all of them. This work could not have been possible without the co-operation of a large number of persons from various fields. I take this opportunity to express my thanks to all of them. During the long period taken in the making of this work, I had to utilize many traditional sources, relevant records preserved in the National 11 Archives of India, New Delhi, The West Bengal State Archives, Calcutta, National Library, Calcutta, Bangiya Sahitya Parishad, Calcutta, Asiatic Society, Calcutta, Cooch Behar State Library, Bharatibhavan Pathagar, Kaligram, Chanchole, Malda, North Bengal University Library and Mathabhanga College Library. I express my sense of gratitude to the staff of these institutions for rendering valuable help and co-operation in connection with my research work. My sincere thanks are also due to a good number of social worker and political activists with whom I had the opportunity to discuss various issues pertaining to the subject of the present study. I would also sincerely like to acknowledge that the present work could not have come to success without the generous support of the University Grants Conmiission (UGC) for approving my leave under the Faculty Improvement Programme (FIP) for two years during which I conducted my field work and completed by research. During the course of this research work I have received help from a host of friends and well wishers, for which I am privileged to thank Dr. Samir Das, Principal, and other colleagues at Mathabhanga College, Cooch Behar. Dr. Padam Nepal, Senior Lecturer in Political Science, St. Joseph's College, North Point Darjeeling deserve special thanks for his fruitful suggestion, care and encouragements which provided me with energy and vigour to complete the present project. I have received encouragement and help from several of my friends, scholars and relatives. I, therefore, express my heartfelt thanks to Dr. Afzal Hossain, Dr. Manjuri Biswas, and Sri Pijush Kanti Das of Mathabhanga College, Dr. Pabitra Kumar Debnath, Bagdogra College, Dr. Anowarul Haque, Chittagong Unviersity, Bangladesh, Sri Robin Hom, Alipurduar, Sri Sandip Sarkar of Malda and Sri Biswajit Deb Barman of Shibmandir for their encouragement and co-operation. I pay my deepest regard to my mother who at the age of eighty had been inspiring me for this work since its beginning. I must also acknowledge 111 my gratefulness to Smt. Basabi Ghosh, wife of my supervisor, my brothers and sisters for their constant inspiration in order to complete this work. Not the least, my hearty thanks go to Sri Sudhangshu Kumar Das for composing and formatting the thesis. Moreover, I must add any shortcoming for my work are entirely my own. Finally and most importantly I would like to thank all my family member whose unconditional love and support is the pillar of my pursuits. I am deeply indebted especially to my wife Dr. Ratri Nandi Das, Reader in Bengali, Bagdogra College and my Uttle son Samyabrata for their co-operation, inspiration and quiet encouragement, and as a small token of appreciation for all this, I dedicate this thesis to them. Siliguri, August, 2007 Nilangshu Sekhar Das IV ABBREVIATIONS AARC Annual Administrative Report of Cooch Behar State AP Anandabazar Patrika ABP Amrita Bazar Patrika ANS Arya Natya Samaj AIGL All India Gorkha League BSP Bangiya Sahitya Parishad CPI Communist Party of India EPW Economic and Political Weekly GD Gour Doot GDNS Gorkha Dukkha Nivarak Sammelan HM Hindu Mahasabha INC Indian National Congress ITPA Indian Tea Planters Association JMSS Jalpaiguri Muslim Sahitya Samiti JSS Jalpaiguri Sahitya Samiti KPP Kamtapur Peoples Party KS Kshatriya Samiti ML Muslim League MMA Malda Mohammedan Association MNCE Malda National Council of Education MZSS Malda Zela Sahitya Sammelan NCE National Council of Education NEBULA : Nepali Bhutia and the Lepchas OUP : Oxford University Press PKS : Proceedings of the Kshatrtiya Samiti RBDS : Rampur Boalia Dharma Sabha RSP : Rangpur Sahitya Parishad SAB : TheStatistical Account of Bengal US : Uttarbanga Sambad VRS : Varendra Research Society UD : Uttarkhanda Dal UTJAS : Uttarbanga Tapshili Jati-Upajati Samiti HS : Hitasadhani Sabha BPCC : Bengal Provincial Congress Committee KAS : Kamarupa Anusandhan Samiti RAS : Radh Anusandhan Samiti UBS : Uttarbanga Sahitya Sammilan MBE : Member of British Empire IHQ : Indian Historical Quarterly MA : Malda Association VI INTRODUCTION 1. In the proposed dissertation entitled 'The Role of the Press and Associations in Socio-Cultural and Political Movements: A case study of North Bengal, (1869-1969), we have presented a historical analysis about the role of Press and Associations in the Socio-Cultural transitions that have taken place in the present North Bengal districts in the state of West Bengal. However, a part of our study may be out of the present North Bengal because we have taken the study from 1869 which was prior to independence, known as North Bengal including the present geographical area over which our study is concerned.
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