Vol. 33, No. 35 Aug. 27-Sep. 2, 1990 China's Athletes— Their Odds at the Asian Games A senior citizen's life rhythm. Photo by Peng Hong BeijingR^ir VOL. 33, NO. 35 AUG. 27-SEP. 2,1990

Rural Enterprises Poised for Another Boom CONTENTS • The on-going austerity programme has resulted in close• downs of thousands of factories and millions of lay-offs. But all this is a price to be paid in return for another boom of the EVENTS/TRENDS 4 7 Chinese economy (p. 13). Festival Dedicates to Friendship, Peace Role of Party Schools Stressed Mainland Offldai on Taiwan Joining GATT Turn Shanghai Into a Trade Centre China Continues to Fight • The mainland is not opposed to Taiwan's application for Corruption GATT membership, said an official of the Ministry of Foreign 5 Million Seek New Ethnic Economic Relations and Trade, on condition that first, its Identity News in Brief GATT membership must follow the restoration of China's position as a GATT signatory; and second, the Taiwan author• INTERNATIONAL ities should consult the central government before it applies Iraqi Invasion Provokes for GATT membership (p. 31). Worldwide Condemnation 8 A Big Step to Korea's Reunification 9 MHHary Training for University Students A Common Understanding on Cambodia 10 • Beginning last October, all the freshmen of Beijing Univers• CHINA ity received ten months of military training to enhance their Readjustment Improves Rural military knowledge and build up their physical health. This Enterprises 13 successful step in educational reform also helped them to Chinese Performance at the Asian mature both politically and ideologically (p. 28). Games: A Forecast 22 Military Training for University Students 28 Clilna at tiie Asian Games: A Prediction BUSiNESS/TRADE 31 • Visitors to the forthcoming Uth Asian Games, a grand CULTURE/SCIENCE 32 34 gathering unprecedented in Asian sports history in terms of its scale, will witness tough competition among athletes from the PICTORIAL 38 member states of the Asian Olympic Organization Commit• Beijing's Summer, 1990 Centrefold tee. Evaluating the challenge from many top-notch athletes The Pinggu Xinyi Down Clo• from the other Asian nations, experts predict how the Chinese COVERi thing Factory was twice awarded the will perform at the games in Beijing (p. 22). Gold-Cup prize for township enterprise export commodities. It has created a var• iety of new styles and designs to meet the International Folic Art Festival changing trends and demands of both the domestic and international markets. • The First China International Folk Art Festival oppened in The factory's Miaolan-brand down Beijng on August 14, with a total of 350 artists participating clothes enjoy a high reputation. Here Cui Fugang (first from left), factory di• from 12 countries in Asia, America and Europe. "Peace and rector, and technicians discuss how to friendship" was the theme of the festival. Chinese Premier Li improve the quality of their new prod• Peng, who was visiting abroad then, sent a message of congra• ucts. tulations to the festival (p. 4). Plioto by Xue Chao

General Editorial Office Published every Monday by BEIJING REVIEW Subscription rates (1 year): Tel: 8314318 24 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037 Australia A.$30.50 TLX: 222374 FLPDA CN The People's Republic of China New Zealand.. NZ.$40.50 FAX: 8314318 Distributed by China International Book UK .C16.50 English Dept. Tel: 8315599 Ext. 546 Trading Corporation {GUQJI SHUDIAN) USA.. ..US$30.50 P.O. Box 399, Beijing, China Canada Can.$30.50 EVENTS/TRENDS

by the artists' performances, especially the climax—the trad• Festival Dedicates to Friendship, Peace itional Chinese dragon and lion dance. The merry-making of a 50-metre-long dragon and six total of 350 Chinese and He also said he believes the big lions brought the house foreign artists performed festival will promote folk arts in down. A for an audience of 3,000 in the world, strengthen solidarity The festival was sponsored by Beijing at the first China In• and friendship among artists the China Federation of Liter• ternational Folk Art Festival, and the people of all nations, ary and Art Circles. which opened August 14. and contribute to world peace. In addition to performing in Thunderous applause reward• "The festival is transitory but Beijing, the artists will tour ci• ed the artists from Austria, Bel• the friendship to be forged by it ties in northern China's Hebei gium, Cuba, the Democratic is forever," the honorary presi• and Liaoning provinces. • People's Republic of Korea, In• dent said. dia, Italy, Mongoha, the Philip• State Councillor Li Tieying pines, Turkey, the Soviet Union, read a message from Premier Li Role of Party the United States and China Peng, who was visiting abroad. Schools Stressed as they stepped into the newly "Since ancient times, the built Yuetan indoor stadium, Chinese people have had a trad• fTf^o raise the level of cons• dancing and singing to the ition of friendly exchanges of ciousness of Marxism- rhythm and beat of their respec• culture and art with the people T Leninism and Mao Ze• tive folk music. of other countries," the message dong Thought among Party offi• In his opening speech, Seypi- said. "Today, this good tradition cials, especially leading officials, din Aze, vice-chairman of Na• has flourished in the course of is an important task of Party tional People's Congress (NPC) reform and opening to the out• schools, and the most important Standing Committee and the side world." way to improve the ability of first honorary president of the Alexander Veigl, managing these officials, said Jiang Zem• festival, declared that the theme secretary general of the Interna• in, general secretary of the Cen• of the festival was "folk art de• tional Organization of Folk Art, tral Committee of the Commun• dicated to peace and friend• and the leaders of every troupe ist Party of China (CPC). ship." also gave speeches. Jiang made the remarks at a Each country's folk art, he ex• Among Chinese leaders who conference of the presidents of plained, is not only a treasure of attended the opening ceremony Party schools from 30 provinces, its own culture, but also an im• was Wan Li, chairman of the the autonomous regions and mun• portant part of the entire art of NPC Standing Committee. icipalities, held in Beijing on the world. The audience was fascinated June 12.

Chinese traditional (oik art: Driif>oii and lion Dame (left), and Mongolian folk art: lilhc Skills. QIK XUZHl

4 BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 EVENTS/TRENDS

He pointed out that Comrade stress education in Marxist theo• day's local industrial and city Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun, ry in combination with China's regions would bring no real chairman of the CPC Central socialist modernization pro• breakthrough for the metropolis Advisory Commission, have gramme, and reform and open in the 1990s. stressed many times the import• policy, as well as the develop• They stressed that interna• ance of studying Marxist theory. ment of contemporary socialism tional competition would inten• The CPC Central Committee, he and the international commun• sify in the last decade of the added, has decided that Party ist movement. century, and the city could only officials at all levels should Jiang pointed out that the seek its existence and develop• be trained at party schools to schools should also help stu• ment through the widening of strengthen their work ability. dents study and solve prob• both international and domestic The general secretary said: lems they encounter, distinguish markets. "In my speech at the meeting in right from wrong, be confident In this sense, trade means the celebration of the 40th anniver• in communism, continue to take city's fortune. And the real im• sary of the founding of the Peo• the socialist road, and raise their petus for the opening up of the ple's Republic of China, I said, theoretical ability to resist var• Pudong Economic Eevelopment 'We must resolutely change the ious erroneous political tenden• District and the revitallzation situation in which many leading cies. of Shanghai lies in market de• officials are bogged down in ev• In training Party officials, the mands, they said. eryday matters, slacken theoret• schools should place emphasis With this in mind, the econo• ical study and pay no attention on the accomplishments of the mists proposed that Shanghai re• to ideological and political ten• Party. He urged Party commit• build a new economic order to dencies.' Efforts should be made tees at all levels to streng• turn itself into a real multi• to raise the theoretical level and then their leadership of Party functional economic centre. The political awareness of the whole schools. city should adopt the exper• Party." He said Party committees iences of early industrial Bri• This, he added, is an arduous should regard the schools as im• tain, postwar Japan and the four task set by the CPC Central portant departments to streng• Asian economic powerhouses Committee for the new period of then Party building and bring —Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong Chinese history. forth a vast contingent of Party and Taiwan. To build a socialist country officials. The rebuilding of Shanghai's with Chinese characteristics, it China now has more than economic position, however, is not only necessary to put the 3,000 Party schools with over faces such difficulties as a slug• Party, state and army in the 80,000 officials and staff. Jiang gish market, lack of raw mater• hands of large numbers of lead• called on them to make new ials, shortage of funds and aging ing officials who are faithful to achievements. • fixed assets. Only the develop• Marxism. There should also be a ment of diversified trade will contingent of Marxist theoreti• allow the city to get rid of these cians. Marxism is always the Turn Shanghai Into problems, they argued. guiding line of the Party, work• A Trade Centre ing class and other labouring Opportunities, however, exist people in understanding and hanghai, hitherto China's for the city, particularly the changing the world, Jiang said. leading industrial base, opening up of Pudong. Speaking of Party school con• S should make the historic The economists suggested struction, he said, the schools shift to become the country's Shanghai adopt a new guideline must persist in the principle of largest economic trade centre, on the improvement of its ser• linking theory with practice and local economists say. vices and industrial restructur• emphasize the importance of in• And this can only be achieved ing. It should consider substi• stilling Party spirit. by diversifying the trade, in• tuting industry with diversified Jiang noted that under the cluding not only imports and ex• trades to take a lead in the na• present situation—antagonism ports but also trade in capital, tion's economic revitalization. and struggle between proletari• investment, commodities, real Based on these considerations, an and bourgeois ideologies, estate, transportation, technolo• they proposed the city utilize its and between Marxist and gy and information. superior manufacturing and ex• anti-Marxist thoughts—Party The economists also argued port industry to take on interna• schools at various levels should that minor reforms based on to• tional competition. •

BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2,1990 5 EVENTS / TRENDS

China Continues January and June. More than ality re-registered. 15,000 of those cases have al• According to an official from To Figlit Corruption ready been settled. the ethnic affairs committee, Through investigations, su• some requests come from those n official in charge of ed• pervisory departments retrieved whose nationality had originally ucation in Wuhu, Anhui for the government 117 million been registered in error. A Province, has been demot• yuan. Many Hans in northeastern ed for abusing his power in Investigations over the past China, however, have asked to trying to get his daughter into year in south China's Guang• be recognized as Manchus for college. dong Province revealed that "historical reasons." Guan Deming's demotion 1,341 private houses were built The official explained that came after a two-month investi• for local government leaders at many Manchus, a nationality gation by the State Education various levels at the public ex• that ruled China during the Commission and the Ministry pense. About 8,200 officials, in• Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 AD), of Supervision together with the cluding 588 at the bureau level, did not dare claim their true provincial educational and su• used public funds to renovate identity because they feared pre• pervisory departments. and repair their houses far be• judice and discrimination after In 1988, Guan, then deputy yond the standards set for their the overthrow of the feudal re• director and Communist Party living conditions, investigators gime. secretary of Wuhu's Education found. Allowing people to straighten Commission, asked the presi• B> the end of last June, 514 out their ethnic backgrounds dent of an architecture institute cases relating to major vio• has been a way to help carry out to send a written message to the lations of regulations on housing the state's ethnic policies, said local enrolling committee saying conditions came under investi• experts with the Political and that his daughter should be ad• gation. Already, 343 of those Law Department of the State mitted to the institute despite cases have been settled and 145 Nationalities Affairs Commis• the fact that her examination officials have received their due sion. marks failed to meet the re• punishment according to law or But the Chinese government, quirements. The president ob• Party discipline. they added, was cautious on this liged and the student was en• So far, the province has re• issue and has tried to keep rolled in the institute. covered a total of 21.50 million the number of nationality re- When the abuse of power was yuan in public funds and confis• registrations as low as possible. brought to light by angry lo• cated 46 houses that were built "A large-scale change-over cal people, the State Educa• illegally. • can result in a chain of prob• tion Commission and the Minis• lems," one of the experts said. try of Supervision immediately An enlarging population of sent an investigation team to 5 fVlillion Seeic New ethnic minorities could lead to look into the case. Ettinic Identity establishment of new minority Guan was also punished by autonomous zones. the local Party Committee. eing "mistakenly regis• China has 57 autonomous re• The Ministry of Supervision, tered" as a member of gions, prefectures and counties, meanwhile, has reported that B the Han nationality, Tai with a minority population ac• during the first six months of Hang, a 48-year-old doctor at counting for about 9 percent of this year, a total of 17,757 Beijing's Jiuxianqiao Hospital, the country's 1.1 billion people. government officials were dis• petitioned the municipal ethnic "And this will elicit changes missed, demoted or warned for affairs committee to have her in many policies," the expert violations of discipline, a 75 per• nationality registered as a Man- said. cent increase over last year. chu. Some people want to change Officials disciplined included Because all of her identifica• their Han nationality just to four at the ministerial level, 48 tion papers proved Tai's parents gain benefits granted by the gov• at the bureau level and 738 at were both Manchus, the com• ernment to minority people, said the county level, the ministry mittee decided to meet her re• an official from the state ethnic said. quest. commission. As well, supervisory depart• Tai is among five million The state has offered prefer• ments across China filed 23,645 Chinese in the past decade who ential treatment for ethnic mi• cases for investigation between have asked to have their nation• norities in such areas as educa-

6 BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2,1990 EVENTS / TRENDS tion and family planning shortage would not worsen dur• mainlanders being repatriated To address these problems, ing the rest of the year because was sheared in half on August the commission, along with there would be no excessive in• 13 by an escorting Taiwan war• the Population Census Leading crease in industrial production ship, according to reports in Tai• Group under the State Council in the second half of the year. wan and Hong Kong newspa• and the Ministry of Public Se• As well, output has increased pers. curity, issued a circular in June, and the quality of energy has Survivors interviewed at a which laid out the ground rules improved. news conference held by Taiwan for people who want to re• The price of coal and oil prod• military authorities said there register their nationalities. ucts have also dropped contin• was little hope of survival for According to the circular, re• uously since the beginning of the missing people since rescue quests to change nationality the year, the official added. efforts were halted. They also identities will be contemplated Rural Savings Grow accused Taiwan's military of "strictly according to practical conditions and the applicants' The Agricultural Bank of "acting too late to rescue them." own wills, as well as in reference China achieved a sustained in• The tragedy took place about to family tree documents." crease of savings deposits by 13 nautical miles north of Tai• Almost all applicants 18 years 20.85 billion yuan during the wan's Keelung Port where the and under who had been regis• first half of the year, the biggest fishing boat from the mainland tered as Han Chinese have been increase in the history of the was forced to leave for Fu- permitted to re-register. Such re• bank. jian Province across the Tai• quests have often been put for• Bank President Ma Yongwei wan Straits. ward by their parents who are noted that 19.99 billion yuan of This is the second tragedy in members of national minorities. the increase, or 95.9 percent of the Taiwan authorities' repatria• Those aged 18 to 20 can re- the total, was in fixed deposits. tion operations. On July 22, 25 select their nationality identities Such a rapid growth in sav• mainlanders were found suffo• by themselves. Those over 20 ings was attributed to the bum• cated in sealed cabins on a fish• are allowed if their parents are per harvest, pay raises and ing boat. identified as members of the stable prices. Some private busi• same national minority. nessmen have closed their enter• Top Banker Punished In China today, there are 55 prises and deposited their capi• Lei Zuhua, vice-president of ethnic nationalities that have tal in the bank. the Bank of China (BOC), had been identified in accordance Evacuation from Kuwait received an administrative de• with "the practical situation" The Chinese government has merit for attending lavish din• and "wills of these groups." The decided to withdraw from Ku• ners paid for with public funds, last ethnic group—Jinuo—was wait Chinese citizens engaged in the Ministry of Supervision an• confirmed in southwestern Chi• business, trade and other activi• nounced on August 16. na's Yunnan Province in 1979. ties as they are unable to contin• The ministry said Lei iiad ac• However, about 10 groups, ue their work and daily lives cepted three dinner invilatious mainly in southwestern China, due to the current situation, last December and this January. have continued to apply to be• a Chinese Foreign Ministry The banquets cost a total of i come recognized as "distinct spokesman said on August 14. 7,491 yuan (US$ 1,590) in publ• ethnic groups," the experts said. He said that China is contact• ic funds. One of the banquets Their requests have been reject• ing the Iraqi government in the had been held at Beijing's Dia- ed so far. • hope that it will take safety mea• oyutai State Guesthouse by Li sures to ensure the smooth re• Xiongguang, mayor of Jiang- News in Brief turn to China of Chinese citi• men, Guangdong Province un• zens in Kuwait. der the pretext of honouring Fuel Shortage Eases The Chinese Embassy in Ku• guests from Hong Kong. wait will be responsible for or• China saw its fuel shortage The ministry has told Guang• ganizing the return of these citi• abate in the first seven months dong provincial authorities to zens. of the year, said an official with discipline the Jiangmen mayor the China Association of Fuel Boat In Half, 21 Missing and ordered the other people at Distribution. Twenty-one men were missing the banquets to pay for the din• He predicted that the fuel after a fishing boat carrying 50 ners. •

BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 7 INTERNATIONAL Iraqi Invasion Provokes Worldwide Condemnation by She Duanzhi s many people in the world began to savour "post-cold Awar" euphoria with ten• sions between the superpowers giving way to detente and co• operation, regional conflict in the Middle East intensified, dashing hopes for universal peace and a harmonious "global village." At 2 am, August 2, Iraq launched an unexpected blitz at• tack against its tiny neighbour Kuwait and subsequently an• nexed it, turning the Persian Gulf into a hot spot once again. Backed by 350 tanks and a for• midable air force, Iraqi forces, On August 5, Kuwaiti Crown Prince and Prime Minister Slieikh Saad al-Abdullali numbering about 100,000, as-Salim as-Sabah (le(t), Saudi King Fahd (middle) and Saudi Crown Prince crushed Kuwaiti troops—about Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz discussed Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in }eddah, Saudi 20,000—and captured the Ku• Arabia. waiti capital, Kuwait City, in just four hours. During a battle which Baghdad censured by tack his neighbour. As well, around the Kuwaiti royal palace, name Kuwait and the Unit• both sides stopped bickering and the Emir's younger brother Fahd ed Arab Emirates for over• agreed to meet in Jeddah, Saudi and his two sons were killed. producing oil and depressing oil Arabia. To show its "sinceri• Fahd was president of the Asian prices. ty," Baghdad even withdrew its Olympic Council. Aziz also accused Kuwait of troops from the border on July Tensions between the two extracting oil at the disputed Ru- 26, prompting an optimistic Mu• Arab nations have been build• maila oilfield since 1980, when barak to call the spat "a cloud ing since mid-July, when Bagh• Baghdad was at war with Iran. that will pass with the wind." dad suddenly began to accuse Iraq demanded US$2.4 billion in No one expected that a new Kuwait and the United Arab compensation from Kuwait. Middle East war would break Emirates of violations of oil To increase the pressure, Bagh• out soon—this time not between production quotas designated by dad, in an unusual show of force, the Israelis and the Arabs, the the Organization of Petroleum massed 30,000 troops—the elite long-time rivals, but between the Exporting Countries (OPEC). Republican Guard—along the Arabs themselves. On July 17, at a mass ral• Iraq-Kuwait border in late July The invasion provoked imme• ly commemorating Revolution• just before an OPEC session be• diate and strong international ary Day, Iraqi President Saddam gan in Geneva to settle the oil reaction. For the first time, the Hussein severely criticized the quarrel. two superpowers were united in Gulf nations for their "irrespon• To defuse the mounting ten• jointly condemning the aggressor sible oil policy," which he sions between the two Arab na• and demanding an uncondition• claimed had caused a US$14 bil• tions, Egyptian President Hosni al withdrawal. US Secretary of lion loss to Iraq in the first half Mubarak, after holding emer• State James Baker cut short a of this year alone. gency consultations with leaders visit to Mongolia, also a first- Then, Iraqi Deputy Prime of Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Syr• time event, to hold talks with his Minister and Foreign Minister ia, shuttled 'between Baghdad, Soviet counterpart Eduard Shev• Tareq Aziz published a memo• Kuwait and Riyadh. This result• ardnadze. For years Moscow randum that Iraq sent to the ed in Saddam promising through and Washington, locked in their Arab League on July 15, in Mubarak that he would not at• long-standing cold war confron-

BEUING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2,1990 INTERNAIIONAL

tation, had never quite agreed on any world issues. This time, they A Big Step to Korea's Reunification issued an unprecedented joint statement. The Soviet Union stopped military supplies to Iraq, by Zhang Jinfang while the United States froze all the bank assets of Iraq and Ku• fter 18 months of discus• begin talks in order to improve re• sions at the deputy minis• lations. wait in the United States and terial level, the Democratic In recent years, DPRK has pre• called on other nations to halt A People's Republic of Korea and sented many guidelines for talks weapons sales to Baghdad. South Korea reached an agreement leading to reunification, and has The United Nations Security on July 26 to hold meetings be• made a series of proposals. Leaders Council unanimously passed two tween their prime ministers. The of the DPRK and major organiza• resolutions condemning Iraq's agreement, signed at the Truce tions have proposed that the two invasion and calling for world• Village of Panmunjom, stipulated sides of Korea be reunited this de• wide economic sanctions and an that the first round of talks be• cade. South Korean people from arms embargo against Iraq. tween DPRK Premier Yon Hyung all walks of life have constantly The Arab world was at first Muk and South Korean Prime organized activities to express their stunned, then confused by Iraq's Minister Kang Young Moon wishes towards realizing reunifica• seizure of Kuwait. Most nations would be held from September 4 tion as soon as possible. Therefore, agreed that the invasion would to 7 in Seoul. The second round the upcoming meetings between not serve to resolve the differ• would take place the following the two leaders conform to the ences between the two countries month from October 16 to 19 in needs and wishes of the people but would intensify the tensions Pyongyang. on both sides. With the talks, the and damage the over-all interests The purpose of the meetings will cause of Korea's reunification will of the Arab world. An emergen• be to seek an end to military and enter a new phase. cy summit meeting of the Arab political confrontations and begin Because Korea has been divided League on August 10 adopted a co-operation and exchanges in var• for so long, major distinctions exist resolution that condemned Iraq's ious fields between the two sides. in the thoughts and beliefs of the invasion of Kuwait and urged Work towards the high-level people and the social system. Re• Baghdad to pull its forces out of meetings began early last year ducing those differences will ob• Kuwait unconditionally. Some when the two sides held prepara• viously be difficult. countries, such as Libya, Jordan tory negotiations. On January 16, Past meetings between the two and Yemen, seemed sympathetic 1989, Yon Hyung Muk wrote a sides showed that South Korea is or supportive of Iraq. letter to his South Korean counter• mainly interested in co-operation . The United States sent a for• part, proposing that the two sides and exchanges while DPRK feels midable air, sea and ground form delegations consisting of the that priority should be given to force to Saudi Arabia on request prime minister or premier and mil• ending military and poiiiicai con• and to the Gulf to protect vital itary chiefs and discuss political frontations. Discussions on ending US interests there, notably the and military matters aiming to those confrontations would centre oil supplies. Some other Western ease confrontations between them. around such measures as: nations have followed suit. This The South Korean prime minister —The complete withdrawal has caused worries that the con• wrote back a week later and agreed from South Korea of US troops; flict will further escalate rather to begin discussions. Between Fe• —Step by step reduction of than subside. bruary 8, 1989; and July of this armed forces on both sides; year the two sides met eight times. —Halting large-scale military While voting for the UN Se• Although there were many differ• manoeuvres; curity Council resolutions in ences on what topics the two lead• —Removal of the concrete wall condemning the Iraqi invasion, ers should discuss and even what on the South Korean side of the China has consistently suggest• the meetings between the two men dividing line and of the wire entan• ed that the conflict be resolved should be called, a consensus was glements on the north side; peacefully through friendly con• eventually reached. —The abolition of such South sultations within the Arab world. Korea has been a nation divided Korean laws that prevent the two In principle, China opposes the for the past 45 years with people sides from making contact and involvement of foreign powers in on both sides, especially the 10 conducting exchanges. regional conflicts, but China res• million separated family members The two sides have adhered to pects and understands the steps and relatives, being quite vocal their respective views on these is• taken by Saudi Arabia out of its in their requests to reunite their sues, making it extremely difficult security concerns to invite for• motherland peacefully. They have for the leaders to overcome their eign forces to the kingdom. • been anxious for the two sides to differences quickly.

BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 19»0 9 INTERNATIONAL

As for the withdrawal of Amer• ed the upcoming meeting will run posal, DPRK demanded that Seoul ican forces, not only have the smoothly. remove travel barriers, namely, South Korean authorities opposed The other important topic—to the concrete wall; that Seoul abol• the move, but so has the United "start co-operation and exchanges ish South Korea's National Secur• States, which has no intention of in various fields"—coincides with ity Law, and that Seoul release pulling out of South Korea. As a current sore point, that of "free South Korean people who were ar• well, there has been no indication travel and opening borders." On rested because of their visits to the that the United States and South January 1, DPRK President Kim DPRK. Along with exchanges and Korea will end their annual large- 11 Sung proposed the removal of co-operation, the issue of travel scale joint military exercises. the concrete wall on the south side restrictions will likely be discussed DPRK has insisted that the con• along the demilitarized zone, to at the upcoming meetings. crete wall on the south side along bring about free travel between the Observers believe the meetings' the military demarcation line be two sides. The South Korean pres• success will depend on whether the removed, but South Korea has ident, Roh Tae Woo, evaded dis• two sides can reach a common un• denied the existence of the wall. cussion of the wall and only agreed derstanding on overcoming their Recently, South Korea proposed to open the borders to free travel. differences and their distrust of that the two sides join the United Roh Tae Woo also proposed on each other, and on ways for reuni• Nations either at the same time July 20 to open the Truce Village fication. or individually, but DPRK is op• of Panmunjom for a five-day free If the two leaders can reach a posed to the suggestion. It favours travel period starting August 13 to consensus, then confrontation and the two sides join the UN as a mark the 45th anniversary of Ko• misunderstanding will gradually member country. Because of all rea's liberation from Japanese co• be removed and ways for Korea's these complications, it's not expect• lonial rule. Responding to the pro• reunification will be found. • A Common Understanding on Cambodia

by Yang Mu

common understanding Premier Li Peng's recent tour. panied by Foreign Minister Qian was reached on the This understanding will surely Qichen and other ranking offi• A Cambodian issue between play an important role in seeking cials, paid a formal goodwill visit China and three members of the a political settlement of the Cam• to Indonesia and Singapore and Association of Southeast Asian bodian issue now at a critical mo• a working visit to Thailand be- • Nations—Indonesia, Singapore ment. tween August 6 and 14. and Thailand—during Chinese The Chinese Premier, accom• Besides discussions on issues concerning bilateral relations, Li On August S Chinese Foreign Minister Qian Qichen (left) and Indonesian Foreign and Qian also held indepth con• Minister Ali Alatas (right) sign the memorandum of understanding on the resump• sultations with their hosts on tion of bilateral diplomatic relations. Premier Li Peng and President Soeharto watch the Cambodian question'. They the signing. :" • Vi;//Vi.pr reached a general understanding on the basic elements of the is• sue, based on a joint statement the six ASEAN foreign ministers made in July at the Jakarta con• ference held to search for a com• prehensive political solution to the Cambodia issue. Some points of the common understanding: —It is now time for the inter• national community to solve the Cambodian problem and end the war that has lasted nearly 12 years. No one will benefit with delays.

10 BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 INTERNATIONAL

anced role in the region to sup• port the co-chairmen of the Par• is International Conference on Cambodia to convene a Cambod• ian four-party conference in Jak• arta. This is to facilitate the es• tablishment of the Cambodian Supreme National Council as soon as possible. —The council should be set up before the opening of the United Nations General Assembly this year and occupy the Cambodian seat in the UN. Prior to its esta• blishment, Cambodia's status at the United Nations should re• main unchanged. This position of China and the three countries, and their co• ordination will surely promote a comprehensive political settle• ment of the Cambodian issue Chinese Premier Li Feng views an honour guard on August 11 in the company of and push forward the peace pro• Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. GUOZHANCyiNG cess. Just as Singapore Prime Min• —In July, the five permanent ed. ister Lee Kuan Yew said on Au• members of the United Nations —They support the setting up gust 11, "The world can become Security Council produced two of a Cambodian Supreme Na• a safer place only when an ag• documents on the military prob• tional Council, under Samedech gressor who invades another, lems and on political power of Norodom Sihanouk, which com• especially a weaker country, be Cambodia for its transition per• prises tlie four Cambodian fac• punished, not rewarded," and iod. This provides a basic frame• tions with none of them dom• "Viet Nam must not be allowed work for a comprehensive politi• inant by the cxclu.'iion of the to block the formation of the cal settlement of the Cambodia others. Cambodian Supreme National issue and should be implement• —ASEAN is to play an enh• Council." Memorandum on Resumption of Sino-Indonesian Diplomatic Ties

hinese Foreign Minister Qian ings concerning relevant questions re• more possess the Chinese nalionaiit>. Qichen and his Indonesian lating to their bilateral relations. Similarly, those people of" Indonesian counterpart, Ali Alatas, signed The Government of the People's Re• origin residing in China, who have C a memorandum of understand• public of China appreciates the. posi• been naturalized as Chinese nationals ing between their governments on the tion of the Government of the Republ• or have acquired Chinese nationality, resumption of diplomatic relations in ic of Indonesia in consistently adhering also do not any more possess Indone• Jakarta on August 8. The full text of to the one-China policy and its recogni• sian nationality. the memorandum reads as follows: tion of the Government of the People's The two governments enjoin their The Government of the People's Re• Republic of China as the sole legal respective nationals, who retain their respective nationality and reside in public of China and the Government of government of China with Taiwan as cither one country as aliens, to abide by an integral pari of China. The two gov• the Republic of Indonesia, pursuant to the laws of the country of residence, the agreement reached in Tokyo on ernments have reached the understand• respect local values and customs and February 23, 1989, and communique ing that Indonesia maintains only eco• live in harmony with the people of signed in Beijing on July 3, 1990, on nomic and Uade relations of non• the country of residence. Both govern• the normalization of relations between governmental nature with Taiwan. ments declare that they will, in accord• the two countries on the basis of the Both governments reiterate their ance with the relevant laws and regula• Ten Principles of the Bandung Confer• position of non-recognition of dual na• tions of their respective countries and ence and the Five Principles of Peace• tionality for their nationals. Those peo• in accordance with international prac• ful Coexistence, have decided to re• ple of Chinese origin residing in In• tice, protect and respect the legitimate sume their diplomatic relations effec• donesia who have been naturalized as rights and interests of the nationals of tive as of today, August 8, 1990, and Indonesian nationals or have acquired each side who reside as aliens in their have reached the following understand• Indonesian nationality do not any respective countries. •

BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2,1990 II INTERNATIONAL

Vietnamese relations. As its neighbour, China is particularly concerned about a political solu• tion to the Cambodian issue. Meanwhile, in the past 12 years China has maintained close contacts with ASEAN on the is• sue, which has made enormous efforts in pushing the Cambodi• an peace process. Now, the main obstacles to peace are clearly from Vict Nam and Phnom Penh. In a recent interview with Chinese correspondents in Jakar• ta, Indonesian Foreign Minister Ali Alatas expressed his concern over whether Viet Nam would Premier Li Peng holds talks with Thai Prime Minister Chatichai Choohavan (right) ask Phnom Penh to show up at on August 13. WANGIINCDE the four-party Cambodian con• ference with sincerity. As is well-known, members of seriously threatening ASEAN Also, Thai Foreign Minister ASEAN devoted their efforts to safety and stability in the South• Siddhi Savetsila told Chinese economic construction during east Asian region. correspondents that a final, com• the 1970s and 1980s. Their econ• Therefore, ASEAN countries prehensive, just and reasonable omies rapidly developed. They are victims of Vict Nam's inva• solution to the Cambodian prob• also co-operated closely in the sion of Cambodia and, at the lem depends on Vict Nam's sin• diplomatic field and gradually same time, protectors of peace in cerity. This position is shared by raised their international status. the region, of the whole conti• the international community. But then in December 1978, nent and of the Pacific. So, the In short, it is better for Viet Vietnamese troops invaded Cam• developments in Cambodia are Nam to draw its lesson from the bodia. They occupied Cambodi• closely related to ASEAN. Cambodian war and get involved an territory and many times vio• Viet Nam's invasion of Cam• in the Cambodian peace process. lated Thailand's borders, thus bodia also harmed Sino- Joint Press Statement by China and Singapore hina and Singapore liave agreed mic Zones under the Sl;ile Council, and Minister Wong Kan Seng and Minis• to conclude the negotiations on assistant foreign minister Xu Dunxin. ter of Trade and Industry Lee Hsien the establishment of dLplomatic During the visit, President Wee Kim Loong respectively. C ties between the two countries Wee of the Republic of Singapore met The two sides held that contacts and as expeditiously as possible. The full with Premier Li Peng. Premier Li Peng exchanges of visits between leaders of text of a joint press statement released and Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew the two countries were vital to the in Singapore on August 13 reads as held talks In a cordial and friendly maintenance and development of the follows: atmosphere. The two sides had an in- bilateral friendly relations and co• operation. On behalf of President Yang Premier Li Peng of the State Council depth exchange of views on the devel• Shangkun, Premier Li Peng invited opment of bilateral relations as well of the People's Republic of China paid President Wee Kim Wee to visit China an official goodwill visit lo Ihe Republ• as regional and international issues of at his convenience, and President Wee ic of Singapore from August II to 13, common concern and found many Kim Wee accepted the invitation with 1990, at the invitation of Prime Minis• common points of view. They agreed to pleasure. At the invitation of Premier ter Lee Kuan Yew of the Republic of conclude the negotiations on the esta• Li Peng, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Singapore. Accompanying Premier Li blishment of diplomatic relations be• Yew will pay an official goodwill visit Peng on his visit were his wife Mme tween the two countries as expeditious• to the People's Republic of China this Zhu Lin, Foreign Minister Qian Qich- ly as possible. year. en and his wife Mme Zhou Hanqiong, Premier Li Peng also met with Mr Premier Li Peng expressed his deep Mr Zheng Tuobin, minister of Foreign Goh Chok Tong, first deputy prime appreciation to Prime Minister Lee Economic Relations and Trade, Mr He minister of Singapore. Foreign Minis• Kuan Yew and the government and Chunlin, deputy secretary-general of ter Qian Qichen and Minister of For• people of Singapore for the warm and the State Council and concurrently di• eign Economic Relations and Trade kind hospitality accorded him during rector of the Office of Special Econo• Zheng Tuobin had talks with Foreign his visit. •

BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 CHINA Readjustment Improves Rural Enterprises by Our Staff Reporter Han Baocheng The high-speed development of the 1980s has made rural enterprises an important part of China's national economy. The current readjustments will rationalize industrial structure and product mix, improve the management, update technical standing and raise economic efficiency.—Ed. n 1989, there were more than tion of the gross product of rural 93.67 million people worked in 18 million rural enterprises society, increased from 31.4 per• rural enterprises, accounting for I nationwide. They turned out cent in 1978 to 58 percent in 23 percent of the total rural la• 840.3 billion yuan in output val• 1989. From 1979 to 1989, rural bour force, or 62 percent of the ue, an amount equal to the na• enterprises ploughed more than increased labour force from 1978 tion's 1979 gross product of so• 80 billion yuan from their profits to 1989, or half of the current ciety. After China initiated the into rural undertaking, laying a total labour surplus. Since these historical process of economic re• solid foundation for the develop• people still live in the country• form in 1979, the total industrial ment of education, health care side working in rural factories output value of rural enterprises and welfare facilities in the rural though not in the fields, the from 1981 to 1989 increased at areas. problem of a large farmer po• an annual rate of 28.6 percent, The rural enterprises have also pulation flowing into cities has thus playing an increasingly role become an outlet for surplus rur• been avoided. in national economic develop• al labour force. In 1989, some During the past 11 years. ment and social life. The "No. 2 magical prescription," produced jointly by the Beijing Dongsheng Among rural enterprises of Pharmaceutical Factory and the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine for various kinds of ownership, the curing some male diseases, is well received in the market. Here, the factory director township- and village-owned en• Shang Hongriii (second right) and technicians examine the product. terprises and farmers' joint-stock enterprises assume a dominant position. Take southern Jiang- su Province for example. Its township- and village-owned en• terprises turn out 90 percent of the area's gross product. In 1989, the total output value of enter• prises at township and village levels throughout the country amounted to 4.65 billion yuan, 75.1 percent of the nation's total output value from all rural en• terprises. Thus the development of township and village enter• prises has helped consolidate the economy of socialist public own• ership in the countryside. Rural enterprises have changed the former mono- economic structure dependent on farmland and become a means by which the total output value of rural enterprises, as a propor•

BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 CHINA neral manager of the Qianzhou Industrial Corp. spoke about the history and current situation of the township businesses. In Qian• zhou, the 281 township and vil• lage enterprises are all affiliated with the corporation. Qianzhou, about 14.5 km to the north of Wuxi, is some 36.6 square km in area. About 90 per• cent of the town's 21,900 labour• ers now work in enterprises. Last year, the town's total agricultur• al and industrial output value amounted to 800 million yuan, some 785 million yuan from in• dustrial enterprises, the highest The Beijing Water Pump Factory is a township enterprise with an annual production of the 124 townships in Wuxi capacity of 3.5 million pumps in 22 specifications and six series. These pumps are County. The average farmer's in• ready for delivery. come from the collective econo• township and village enterprises' farming tools, 2.33 billion suits my reached 1,254 yuan last year. direct subsidies for agricultural of clothes and 13.07 billion kwh According to Feng, Qianzhou production was about one-third of electricity. is now completely different from of the total state investment in In recent years, more than 500 the past. An example is the forestry, water conservancy and million yuan of rural enterprises' Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal meteorology during the same profits has been used annually which runs through Qianzhou. period, thus forcefully promot• for town construction. The con• Partly because the riverbed was ing agricultural production. sequent concentration of rural higher than the surrounding In these 11 years, farmers ac• enterprises has promoted the for• areas and partly because of lack ross the country gained one- mation and development of rur• of drainage works, there was fourth of their net income from al towns with their number up water-logging damage with each rural enterprises, and during the from 2,600 in 1980 to 12,000. rainfall. Water conservancy pro• recent four years, the proportion Rural enterprises invest 700 mil• jects and relief from the plague rose to 50 percent. lion yuan in the rural cuUur- of floods were always the long- Since 1985, the net increase in al and educational undertak• cherished dream of local farm• taxes from rural enterprises has ings every year in order to train ers. Even though the state invest• accounted for 50 percent of that farmers. The development of ed heavily after the founding of in the state financial revenue. In rural enterprises, moreover, has the People's Republic of China, those areas where rural enter• reduced differences between city the problem remained unsolved. prises are highly developed, local and countryside and promoted In the late 1960s, in order to financial revenue is mainly from ideological progress nationwide. raise funds to build water conser• rural enterprises. Of course, the development is vancy projects, the people's com• not balanced. Generally, coastal mune of the time decided to set From 1984 to 1989, the total areas are better off than the in• up some factories under the jur• export value of rural enterpris• terior areas and the south bet• isdiction of the commune and es reached US$35.5 billion, as ter off than the north. Southern production brigades. By 1970, much as US$10.5 billion in 1989 Jiangsu Province around the city the Qianzhou People's Commune alone, representing about one- of Wuxi is widely regarded as the had established more than 50 fifth of the county's total export. birthplace of rural enterprises. factories turning out some 1.5 Rural enterprises are function• million yuan in annual output ing as an important social com• value and 300,000 yuan in profit. modities supplier. In 1989, they A Pioneering Cause in These enterprises specialized in produced 348 million tons of Qianzhou manufacture and maintenance coal, 65.3 million tons of cement, In a spacious meeting room of farm machines. 4.9 million tons of machine- in the town of Qianzhou, Wuxi From that time on, they have made paper, 745 million sets of County, Feng Youze, deputy ge• ploughed a portion, a lion's share

14 BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2,1990 CHINA at the beginning, of their annual of all the business. machine-manufacturing market profits for agricultural devel• Influenced by the austerity began to pick up in the first opment, effecting a dramatic programme of economic rectifi• quarter of this year and it is fore• change in agricultural prod• cation and readjustmcnl last cast that the textile market will uction. The drainage network year, rural enterprises quickly also make a turn for the belter now is composed of trunks, cooled down. Feng, however, withm the year. branches and sublaterals cris• said that the ten-year develop• At the beginning of this year, scrossing the land. When it rains, ment established the position of when Premier Li Peng visited farmers are no longer worried rural enterprises in the national Qianzhou, he gave once again re• about waterlogging. In the past, a economy and in rural social de• cognition to the merits of rural 50 mm rainfall would leave 75 velopment. Their achievements enterprises. percent of the land flooded. are ackowlcdged internationally. According to Liu Hui, a Wuxi However, now even a pour of However, the rapid speed of Economic Committee official 200 mm will not damage crops. development brought problems. responsible for rural enterprises, Moreover the grain yield per For some enterprises, the prod• the city's one county, two ur• hectare has risen from 4,500 kg uct mix should be adjusted and ban districts and two coimty- in 1970 to 10,000 kg today. the quality of management level level towns boast a total of After 1978, rural enterprises and personnel improved. Some 12,000 township and village gradually went beyond their factories with outdated products, factories. Last year these facto• traditional production scope of poor efficiency and serious pol• ries turned out 21.987 billion serving agricuUurai production lution must be closed. An inves• yuan in output value, an increase to reach out into other fields of tigation found that, among the of 9.24 percent on the previous production. With management 281 enterprises in the township, year, the lowest growth rate ever scope enlarged and technological 100 have operated efficiently, seen in the last ten years. Last level improved, they rapidly be• whilfe some 20 others have fought year and in the first quarter of came an important sector to the a losing battle because of poor this year, 198 enterprises, rim rural economy. In the mid- 80s, management. According to mainly by villages were closed they began to look at the interna• Feng, many machine manufac• down, 226 more suspended prod• tional market. Last year, ex• turing and textile factories oper• uction and another 600 operated port from Qianzhou Township ate under capacity because oF tlie under capacity. The municipali• reached 120 million yuan in val• sluggish market. These factories ty chose 300 enterprises for sup• ue, the first for the whole city of should be supported and encour• port, mainly in the form of in• Wuxi. aged to take the opportunity to creased funding. Two township-run enterprises improve themselves instead of are pace-setters in Qianzhou. being hastly closed. The Liu said that the number of One, the Qianzhou Woollen workers and staff ^ of these 300 Mill, now has more than 700 em• The high-grade "Mandarin Duck" brand beds made by the Beijing Anle Wooden ployees and 6,400 spindles, and Furniture Factory, a township business with 30 people and an annual output value annually turns out 1,600 tons of of 1 million yuan, are in high demand. Here, a Mandarin Duck is in the m.tking. yarn. It imports raw materials from foreign countries and ex• ports all its products. The oth• er, the Qianzhou Printing and Warping Equipment Factory, was a small hardware factory with only 14 hammers in 1966 when it was set up. Now the fac• tory can produce more than 70 kinds of products and has fixed assets of 4 million yuan. Feng noted that the textile equipment turned out by rural enterprises enjoyed a good reputation in the domestic market. At a national textile equipment order-placing conference, they got one-fourth

BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 15 CHINA enterprises account for 2.5 per• cent of the total workforce em• ployed by the city's rural en• terprises. However, their output value represents 25 percent, their taxes 43 percent, and export val• ue 71 percent. He believes the successful management of these 300 enterprises will help stabilize and promote rural industry, and, if posisible, make an overseas out reach. City Teeming With Rural Enterprises Zhangjiagang City, located on the south bank of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and only 50 km A woik&hap of the towiiship-ruii Xiiiyi Uuwii JackL-l lactury, a twict export to Wuxi, is a rising port city commodity gold cup winner in Beijing. with more than 2,000 enterpris• es, three-fourths of which belong income from the collective econ• In recent years, the city has to towns or townships. Last year, omy has multiplied. Driving in imported advanced technology their output value accounted for downtown or in the suburbs, one and equipment to improve prod• 76.3 percent of the city's total sees newly built workshops, publ• uction and raise product quality. and their export value made up ic facilities and beautiful re• Sino-foreign joint ventures have 85 percent of the city's total. As sidential buildings everywhere. developed rapidly. In 1986, there a popular saying has it, "With• Asphalt roads link one village were only two such enterprises out township enterprises, there to another. Since 1978, the city's in the city. Now there are more would be no Zhangjiagang." rural enterprises have ploughed than 60. Last year alone, 23 such Zhangjiagang used to be a a total of 300 million yuan into enterprises were set up with part• sandbank named Shazhou Coun• agricultural production, rural ners from Japan, Singapore, the ty (county of sandbank) in 1962. education, health care, welfare United States, the Federal Re• In 1986, it was given the name of and urban construction. public of Germany, as well as Zhangjiagang. The local people, Their products have entered Hong Kong and Taiwan. living on agriculture, were mired the international market, one in• The Huafeng Electronic in poverty. dication that the production and Equipment Co. Ltd., up and run• What with the policy of reform management of rural enterprises ning in November 1989 in Zhao- and opening to the outside world have reached a new height. Last feng Township, is an electronic China introduced in 1979, and year, the city's foreign trade vol• parts producer co-established by what with the convenient tran• ume reached 723 million yuan, a the Hong Kong Hua Mou Indus• sportation system and the access ten-fold increase over 1984. In trial Co. and a local town• to Shanghai's strong technology the past, however, above 70 per• ship enterprise. The push but• and market, many rural enter• cent of all expo]:ts were agricul• ton produced by the company for prises have quickly sprung up in tural and sideline products. Now, colour TV sets is the first of its the Zhangjiagang area. Textile agricultural and sideline prod• kind to have UL recognition. and light industry occupy a dom• ucts account for only 3 percent. Some 70 percent of the products inant position in Zhangjiagang, There are 34 rural enterprises are sold in the international mar• as in southern Jiangsu Province. each with an annual export value ket. The city has 180,000 labourers, of over 5 million yuan, 15 of Jiang Hao, vice-mayor in or 60 percent of its total which surpass the 10 million charge of economic relations and workforce, engaging in non- yuan mark. Two textile enter• trade with foreign countries, said agricultural production. About prises earn more than 40 million that Zhangjiagang not only has 50 percent of its financial reven• yuan from export. Such an ex• a geographical advantage, but is ue comes from rural enterprise. port scale dwarfs many large blessed with a natural harbour. Over the past ten years, farmers' state-owned enterprises. Its containerhandling capacity

16 BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 Beijing's Sunimer, 1990

Sparks of the sacred fire for the 11th Asian Games left Lhasa for Beijing on August 8 and, on August 22, they will be used to kindle the flames of the Asian Games. The "Asian Games Sights" torchlight relay activities will be conducted in four directions throughout China.

Beijing No.l Women's Handball Team had a match with Beijing No.2 Women's Handball Team on July 30 in the multi-use hall of the newly built Olympic Sports Centre.

During the summer vacation, pupils from the Guanyuan Primary School in Xicheng District help the people's pol• ice keep order on Beijing streets. An 83.8-kilometre section from Bei• jing to Tianjin in the Beijing-Tianjin- Tangshan Expressway is open to traffic on August 25.

During summer vacation, many university students look towards the National Library of China as a place to continue their search for knowledge.

Farmers from the Henanzhai Town• ship of Miyun County, at three o'clock every morning, carry all kinds of fresh vegetables into Beijing's many veget• able markets.

Leaders of the Enterprise Gen County often go understand and Zhongfang (right manager, is at the ture Factory.

In dusk on July 25, a Beijing Folk Art Sun mer Evening Party was held in the watchtowf over Zhengyangmen. One musician played ti bass drum as he held candles in his mouth, a sty of musical performance not seen in Beijing f( many years and a great surprise to audiences.

Lu Gang (left) and Lu Yan, twin brothers, are both part-time collec• tors of items connected with their work. The former, a bus driver, has collected more than 300 models of vehicles; and the latter, an art editor, is proud of his collection of foreign advertising products and key chains.

The Night of Kunming Lake, from July 28 to August 5, attracted many visitors to the Summer Palace. When night fell, the pavilions and terraces appeared to visitors as if in a mirage under the colourful lamplights.

The colour lamps made by coal miners of Shanxi Province in their spare time have been exhibited in Beihai Park since August 1. About 173 lamp formations which create images of traditional Chinese stories, legends, mythology, drama, mountains and rivers of China and famous scenic spots are well liked by visitors. This lamp drawing material from Magu Congratulates on Birthday tells how immortals descend to earth to congratulate the common people. Photos by our staff reporters Xu Xiangjun, Xue Chao and Yang Liming and Xinhua reporters. CHINA ranks sixth in the country. The and distribution; poor manage• Last year about 78,000 inef• second-phase harbour project is ment and lack of information ficient enterprises were either now under construction with which resulted in repeated low- closed or used for other purpos• state investment. After its com• level construction projects and a es, saving a large quantity of raw pletion in 1995, its annual cargo- waste of energy and raw materi• materials and energy resources. handling capacity will reach 10 als; low standard of employees, More than 20,000 projects under million tons. Jiang added that old and backward equipment, construction were stopped, thus the construction of the harbour lack of technical and administra• reducing investment by about 10 will give rural enterprises a leg- tive personnel which resulted in billion yuan. up for off-shore expansion, at• poor quality of products; and Zong said that township en• tract more funds and more tech• high consumption of materials terprises have undergone funda• nology from abroad and bring and serious environmental pollu• mental establishment nationwide in more opulence for the city of tion. The shortage of funds, raw and efforts will be made to furth• Zhangjiagang. materials and energy has also er develop them. The Ministry of been a major problem hindering Agriculture has called on town• Focus on Economic the development of the township ship enterprises to take advan• Efficiency enterprises. Some of these prob• tage of the present economic lems were caused by rapid devel• rectification and make strategic Because the township enter• opment, and some were related changes. The ministry says em• prises in southern Jiangsu Prov• to present policies, management phasis should be put on build• ince began earlier than in other ing up economic, social and bal• areas, their management level is systems and the general national production level. anced ecological profits instead generally higher than that found of simply increasing output val• in inland areas. The coast prom• Zong said after readjustment ue and investment; development otes the advantage of quickly during the past year, there have of both domestic and foreign adapting to market changes. In• been some basic improvement markets instead of relying only land township enterprises, on the in rural industrial development. on the domestic market; and use other hand, have more problems. Last year, the total social output of modern scientific manage• Zong Jinyue, a high-ranking of• value of township enterprises in• ment. In management orien• ficial in charge of the policy re• creased 14.4 percent over the tation, the ministry encourages search in the township enterprise previous year. Of this, the output those projects which use local re• bureau under the Ministry of value of township industries in• sources to engage in the process• Agriculture, said that the most creased 15.6 percent over the ing of agricultural and sideline glaring problems have been blind previous year, thus overcoming products and co-operate with development of some trades, en• the continuous over-growth for large industries so that products terprises and products, and an several years in the past and can enter international market. irrational industrial structure maintaining an appropriate rise. Zong said that, in future, an excessive production increase in township enterprises should be avoided and that the devel• opment speed of the township en• terprises should suit the gener• al needs of the state's macro- economic development, and be confined within the capacity of the rural economy. It should also cope with the development of state-owned industries and agri• culture. It is necessary to keep the annual increase of rural in• dustry's total output value at about 15 percent and the in• crease in industrial output value at 10 percent. Zong said that by carrying out economic rectifica• tion and readjustment, China's township enterprises will show greater vitality in the 1990s. •

BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 21 CHINA

Chinese Perf oimance at the Asiani Games: A Forecast by Our Staff Reporter Cheng Gang rrihe 11th Asian Games, European counterparts driving whole, more skillful. China's I which will be kicked off in loops to either side. When the Chen Jing, Qiao Hong, Deng Yap- A September in Beijing, will Chinese performing poorly, how• ing, Ding '^I'aping, Chen Zihe and see some tough competition ever, Korea's Li Geng Shang, some other young players have in among athletes from all the 38 known as the first chopper in the the last few years won most of member states or regions of the world, and Kim Sheng Hi give the the women's events at important Olympic Council of Asia. Europeans a headache with their world championships. Deng Tap• China, which has generously unbelievable skills. No one has ing, 17, was awarded the title of provided finance, manpower and forgotten that the South Korean Best Player for her excellent per• materials for the forthcoming men's team won the team event at formance at the First World games, has announced the forma• the last Asian Games. The men's Cup Table Tennis Team Events. tion of a 799-member sports de• teams from the Democratic Peo• While Deng impressed the view• legation. It includes some 100 ple's Republic of Korea (DPRK) ers with her flat hits, Chen Zihe, coaches and 600-plus top-notch and South Korea will prove to be a rising star, often conquered her athletes chosen from among the the Chinese team's chief rivals. contestants vyith calmness and 1,500 who participated in the in• The Chinese men's team, how• wisdom, reflecting the supreme tensive training sessions in Bei• ever, has a chance to win. Chinese confidence of the Chinese wom• jing and some provinces. In the playing skill, known for fast at• en's team. face of the many excellent ath• tacks over the table, is still a pow• Badminton. In the late 1980s, letes coming from other Asian na• erful weapon. Although they suf• badminton was almost an invinci• tions, how will the Chinese com• fered a debacle in the world ble game for the Chinese. At the petitors perform? Those who are championships, none of the team 1987 World Championships and familiar with both the competi• members has become down• 1988 World Cup games the tion and the athletes predict hearted. Chen Longcan, one of Chinese shocked the world by tough going ahead. the Olympic men's doubles cham• pocketing all the gold medals. pions, has reportedly improved The announced inclusion of the his skill. Ma Wenge, the world's sport into Olympic Games two Traditional Superiority men's single champion, and Chen years ago, however, served to Challenged Zhibin, a veteran player, are all egg on many other countries to Table Tennis. Everyone in the in high spirit for a win. At the plunge into intensive training. As world knows China is good at No.l World Cup Table Tennis a result, many excellent players table tennis. However, in recent Team Events held not long ago came to the fore. Coached years the Chinese players found in Japan, they defeated both the by Tang Xianhu, an overseas themselves facing a severe chal• South Korean and DPRK teams Chinese who used to be a member lenge from players of other coun• 3:0. of the Chinese badminton team, tries. They are losing their edge in Compared with the Chinese Indonesia's Alan .Budikusuma, nearly every area. A case in point men's team, the Chinese women's Joko Supriyanto and Ardy Wir- is the 40th World Table Tennis team will fare somewhat better. anata have become full fledged, Championships when the Euro• Although all the top eight wom• defeating many of the world's pean players pocketed gold cups en's players are Asians and those master players. Coached by Han for all the men's events. Quite from the DPRK and South Korea Jian, a retired and famous player often, the Chinese men's team are on a par with their Chinese with the Chinese team, Malay• appeared to be at the end of their counterparts technically, the sia's Sidek brothers and Foo Kok tether when confronted by their Chinese women's team is, on the Keong have defeated for two

22 BEUlxNG REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 CHINA times the Indonesian team in have gold medal awards for total strength of the Chinese men's Thomas Cup finals. The South scores only, the Chinese team, team, its third place finish at last Korean team is still considered to which is stronger in the snatch year's World Cup is proof that it be formidable enough, however, event, is faced with higher de• is still the strongest in Asia. Li to defend their title of the world's mands. Chunyang won the horizontal bar men's doubles champion. In group contests, China's Liu gold medal and Li Jing the paral• While the others are advancing Shoubin and He Zhuoqiang, two lel bars gold medal—proof that in skill by leaps and bounds, the of the world's top weight lifters, China's men gymnasts are of adv• Chinese team is short of reserve may have certain edge over their anced world level. However, Chi• force. Although Yang Yang, rivals. But the strength of the na's advantages in pommelled Xiong Guobao and Zhao Jianhua DPRK and South Korean teams horse and rings have disappeared, are among the world's top-notch can't be neglected. In heavy and no young gymnasts have players and Li Yongbo and Tian weight events, Iran and Iraq come to the fore to take the veter• Bingyi are among the world's best boast the world's best lifters. It ans' place. This will cast a shadow pairs of doubles and succeeded is expected that the Chinese can on not only the individual events in defending their honour as the beat the others only in a few indi• but also the individual all-round. world's champions at the world's vidual events. The Chinese women's team, after Thomas Cup in June, they are Shooting. China is very good in a few years' lack-luster perform• somewhat "advanced" in age shooting competitions. The many ance, has become one of the when compared with the others. Chinese crack shooters who have world's top teams again. At the The Chinese women's badmin• broken world records or won recent World Cup, the Chinese ton team is composed of only two world champions include Li Dan, women's team won a bronze med• veteran players, Guan Weizhen Li Xin, Li Duihong, Wang Yifu, al and Fan Di received a full and Shi Fangjing: The new Xu Haifeng, Zhang Shan, Shi Yu- mark at the uneven bars. Howev• hands, however, can match Li jie and Wu Lanying. With a sober er, team coaches say some of its Lingwei and Han Aiping, the ex- mind, however, they all under• members are inconsistent in per• world champions, in skill. At the stand that this is past glory. formance; at the World Cup, Uber Cup contest last June in Champions of the Asian Games Yang Bo lost her medal after a Tokyo, the solid performance of will need to be prepared for a fall from balance beam. "Yang these young women—including fresh struggle. Zhao Guorui, the Bo and her fellow team members Tang Jiuhong, Huang Hua and chief coach of the Chinese shoot• must overcome their weaknesses Zhou Lei—made it possible for ing teams, predicted that the if they want to win at the Asian the Chinese women's badminton Chinese teams will meet tough Games," said the team coach. team to win the championship for opponents from Japan, the Basketball. Sun Bang, the chief the fourth time. DPRK and South Korea in some coach of China's men's basketball Weightlifting. Statistics collect• events because they have made team, stresses speed, and defeat• ed after the 59th World Weigh• big progress. ing tall opponents with speed is tlifting Tournament show that Gymnastics. Although the re• the demand he has set for the the success rate of the Chinese tirement of such famous gym• team. At the same time, he stress• lifters stands at only 40 percent. nasts as Li Ning, Tong Fei and es collective defence. At the 15th As the forthcoming Asian Games Lou Yun has weakened the Asian Men's Basketball Tourna- Chen Zhibin in contest; Fa Minxia, 11, who won the championship (or the lO-metre platform diving event at the Friendship Sports Meet held recently in the United SUtes. ZHANG MING HAS '!.'(£ ~ •

BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 23 CHINA

ment held last year, the Chinese also famous for their wild cat ter, has retired, new hands such team gave full play to their speed spring attack and blocking. Wu as Xiao Aihua and E Jie are also and tight defence and defeated Dan is good at a running smash at quite good. Their combination is the South Korean team with an the No. 2 position. Organized into to the Chinese team's advantage impressive lead in scores. a closely-knit team by Su Hui- but whether China can defeat Unlike their male counterparts, juan, the setter, they are expected South Korea depends on perform• the Chinese women's^ team adopts to easily win the competition. ance. a tactic based on the world's No. Diving. China is very successful 1 woman centre, Zheng Haixia. in defending its leading position Considei-able Progress in This tactic led to victory over in diving competition. Xu Yim- Basic Events South Korea at the Asian and ing, the chief coach, is very far- world women's basketball match• sighted. The Chinese team has Swimming. The Japanese have es, but only with the insignificant some of the world's best divers, always taken the lead in the score of one and two. Defence including Gao Min, Xu Yanmei, swimming competition but this is the weak spot of the Chinese Chen Xiaodan, Tan Liangde and time the Chinese are expected to women's basketball team. Its in• Xiong Ni. In the recent interna• give them a good challenge in Bei• flexible attacks often offer the tional contests, however, the win• jing. South Korean team the opportun• ners have been the younger, less At the Ninth Asian Games, the ity for a counterattack. well-known divers. According to Chinese men swimmers walked Women's Volleyball. China's Xu, these young divers are all off with three golds for the first women's volleyball team had won good and can rival their big time in the histor> of the Asian world championships five times brothers and sisters. Games. running. Since the retirement of Tennis. China's tennis team has At the 10th Asian Games, veteran team members and the made great progress during the the Chinese men's and women's recruitment of new hands, howev• year. A number of the team mem• swimming teams (four men and er, the team was placed only bers have been widely accepted as six women) splashed home with the third at the Seoul Olympic Asia's most competitive players. ten gold medals. Games and the World Cup in Ja• The women players Li Fang, At the Asian Swimming Cham• pan. Its recent victory over the Tang Min and Chen Li won the pionship held in April 1988, the world's champion team of Cuba single championship, and the men Chinese team carried away 24 and the Olympic champion team players Pan Bing, Xia Jiaping, golds, outshining Japan for the of the Soviet Union shows that it Zhang Jiuhua and Liu Shuhua first time in Asian competitions. is making a fast comeback. Lang once defeated Indonesian and the Yang Wenyi broke the world re• Ping, the world-renowned "iron Philippine teams to enter, for the cord in the 50-metre free style by hammer," has returned to the first time, the Davis Cup world 24.98 seconds. team after she announced retire• group. They are expected to per• At the Seoul Olympic Games ment years ago. Her powerful form well at the forthcoming five months later, Yang Wenyi, smashes at the recent friendship Asian Games. Huang Xiaomin and Zhuang sports meet are proof that she is Fencing. China and South Ko• Yong captured three silver med• still one of the world's ace spikers. rea are both good in fencing. Al• als for China. Previously, no Li Yueming and Lai Yawen are though Luan Jujie, the epee mas• Chinese swimmers had ever en-

Zhang Hpngyuan at practice; Zhuang Yong, winner o£ the lOO-metre free-style silver medal at the Seoul Olympic Games, ZF\'C. ZHIi!.'] V

24 BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 CHINA tered the last 16 swimming pool ing Asian Games, a news report 15th World University Games. events of the Olympic Games. said that new Japanese swimmers In September, Huang Zhihong These recent events show that are powerful competitors. The won a gold medal, the first for China has made a lot of head• swimming rec:ords of some Ja• Asia in a world track and field way in swimming. Currently, the panese women swimmers, in par• competition, at the Third World Chinese women swimmers have ticular, have surpassed Chinese Cup Track and Field Competi• gained the upper ground in Asia swimming stars. Experts predict a tion. Hou Xuemei and Zhang Li and the records of many of them gruelling swimming competition also stood on the winners' podium have advanced to the top ten in between the Chinese and Ja• to receive women's discus throw the world. Apart from Yang Wen- panese swimmers. and javelin throw silver medals. yi, Huang Xiaomin and Zhuang Track and Field. Except for In the same month, the Chinese Yong, Qian Hong, Lin Li, Wang some good records set by Chinese team won the team champion, in• Xiaohong and Xia Fujie have track athletes in jumping, China's dividual gold and silver medals of also become strong competitors in field and hurling events lag be• the women's 15-kilometre race at swimming circles and it will be no hind other countries. However, the Seventh World Champion• surprise if some of them break after Li Meisu whose shot put ships. world records at the Asian ranked third place at the 1988 In addition, the Chinese ath• Games. Seoul Olympic Games, Chinese letes also won the women's silver Shen Jianqiang's 50-metre free women athletes won gold and sil• team title of the 10-kilometre style, 100-metre free style and ver medals at some important heel-to-toe walking at the World 100-metre butterfly records were competition;; last year. It is cer• Cup and third place at the wom• among the world's ten best in tain that in their attempt to dis• en's World Cup marathon. 1989. tinguish themselves at the Beijing In a dim room near the track The Japanese, however, will Asian Games, they are sure at and field playground of the train• not easily give up their swimming least to give a good show. ing bureau under the State Phys• positions. They have had the hon• In March 1989, Huang Zhi- ical Culture and Sports Commis• our of taking 14 gold medals at hong was the women shot put sil• sion, Huang Zhihong, who has the previous Olympic Games, ver medalist at the Second World just finished practising barbell, placing themselves fourth in the Indoor Track and Field Cham• was engaged in hurling practice world. Although Suzuki Daichi, pionships. under the direction of her coach the Japanese champion of the In August 1989, Huang Zhi- Kan Fulin. Although some consi• Seoul Olympic Games, decided hong and Hou Xuemei won the der Huang a careless, talkative not to take part in the forthcom• shot put and discus golds at the girl, she is scrupulous about her Hou Xuemei in a competition. She won the gold mei:liil for discus at the 15th World University Student Sports Meet; Xing Feng won the championship for the world's 44-kg wturnen's weightlifting tournament two times in succession. ZJAtvIC, RIOQO P/l.V IIAMIN

BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 1, 1990 Z5 CHINA training. By the end of June this Chinese athletes are also fairly athletes are better than the men. year, she threw the shot 21.52 strong in the 100-metre, 4 x 100 The Chinese women rowers, in metres, the world's second best metre relay and 10,000-metre fact, are going to set the pace. At this year, exceeding her own re• race. the Seoul Olympic Games, the cord in Asia. Chinese athletes are stronger in Chinese women's rowing team In inany other events, the re• most field events than other coun• won one silver and one copper cords of Chinese women athletes tries in Asia and have chalked up medal. are also on the top in Asia. good results in shot put, discus Canoeing. Before the 1984 Liu Shuzhen has jumped over and hammer throw. But nobody Olympic Games held in Los An• 6.9 metres in the women's long can match favourably with Ja• geles, China had already carried jump, a record approached by pan's Mizoguchi Kuyo in the jav• out training for the canoeing some of her team members. Their elin throw who has set the record competition. The sport began ear• target is to clear 7 metres at the of over 80 metres. Athletes in var• lier in China than in other Asian 11th Asian Games. Liu Huajin ious Asian countries are pretty countries. China also has devel• and Feng Yinghua are outstand• well and equal in high jump, long oped fairly high training skills ing competitors in the women's jump, hop and pole-vault. The de• and techniques. 100-metre hurdle race. Also, cathlon event, however, will be a Chinese canoeing team mem• some Chinese women athletes are competition between athletes on bers are sturdy and tall, flexible in excellent form in the women's either side of the Taiwan Straits in body, good co-ordination with 100 and 200 metre dash. Their and Japan's Kaneko Munehiro. physical conditions matching the major opponent is P.T. Usha Yang Chuanguang, the Asian de- world's strongest teams. They are from India. The Chinese girls are cathalon champion, said he ex• top-notch in Asia. At present, the also good at the women's 4 x 100 pected his record to be broken in Chinese women team is strong in metre relay. Beijing. three events. In ten men's events, Chinese women athletes may the Chinese will meet the chal• lose gold medals in the high jump Advantages in New Events lenge from Japan and South Ko• and other long-distance race ev• rea. ents. Earlier this year, the records The Chinese athletes will hold Women's Weightlifting. In the of Japanese girls' 10,000-metre the upper hand in the newly esta• past three years, Chinese women race and marathon were better blished events of wusltu (martial weight lifters have won 86 golds than Chinese athletes. But Wang arts), women's softball, women's in the world and set new world Xiuting, a key member of the weighllifling, women's football, records on several hundred occa• Chinese team, was out of the rowing, canoeing and yacht rac• sions. In Shilong town of Guang• competition with a leg injury. Jin ing. dong Province, the home of Ling, who set a 1.97-metre Asian Rowing. In Asia, CIdnese ath• weightlifting, Chinese weight lif• record in the high jump, has sus• letes have acquired the reputation ters have undergone hard but tained injury. Japanese athletes of being "good at rowing." At the fruitful training and have im• may thus gain an upper ground in 10th Asian Games, they walked proved their records in snatch the two events. off with nine out of ten golds. As and jerk events. Some of their However, worries about wom• in other events, Chinese women records have greatly surpassed en's track and field ev• Lin Zhiai (right) and Zeng Meilan won silver medals for world records. ents are fewer than con• light-duty two-people, single-oar boatin;; competition at the Women's Football. Al• cern for Chinese per• 15th World University Student Sports Meet. ZHASC. F though there is only one formance in the men's gold for the women's field events. Except for football, it has singular Chinese men athletes importance for China in who have an advantage the eyes of many fans in 110-metre high hur• who have placed their dles, Chinese records, hope on the Chinese from 100 metres to women team. The marathon, including Chinese women's football 3,000-metre steeple team twice garnered the chase, are not as good as Asian Cup and defeated the Japanese athletes, to such strong teams as the say nothing of the latent Netherlands, France and dragons in western Asia the United States. All arid India. Of course, the members of the Chinese

26 BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2. 1990 CHINA

part in the Asian Games on Chi• na's mainland, the participation will be of particular significance to Taiwan. The Taibei Olympic Commit- j tee has decided that Taiwan ath- | letes will take part in 20 of the 29 \ Asian Games' events in Beijing | (including two demonstration ev• ents). People from the Taiwan sports circles have paid close at• tention to their participation in the Asian Games with pre- competition training conducted early this year. In January, the Taiwan Table-Tennis Association selected 12 men and 12 women

L.U/l.M, UASYi table-tennis players who trained Li Qinghoa, vice-chairman and secretary-general of the China Taibei Olympic together with, the table-tennis Committee, meets Li Furong;,, Huang Zhihong and other world champions in players on the mainland. At the Beiiing. same time, after their first stage of training, the first ten of 20 women football team are in good as people expected. Even though Taiwanese gymnasts were select• shape and quite methodical in the height of the Chinese team ed for the second stage of train• their playing. Wu Weiying and Li members is the best in Asia, it ing. In May, six gymnasts were Xiufu are outstanding stan; of the will really take a lot of effort for selected to take part in the Asian team and their excellent indivi• the Chinese football team to com• Games. In addition, work on the dual techniques have played the pete with the Japanese, South Ko• selection trials for Taiwan's ten• role of "dagger" and "soul" on the rean and Indian teams. Last year, nis players and the training of team. the Cliinese football team has lost women's football players for the much more ground than it has Asian Games had also gotten un• Backward Events Improt'ed gained. der way. Athletes who received training Boxing, Wrestling and Cycling. China's Taibei Delegation for the Asian Games conducted j These events have long been Chi• by the Taiwan Physical Culture | na's worst. Chinese sportsmen, On April 4 this year, Taiwan and Sports Association entered \ however, are determined to mske decided to take part in the Uth the last stage in June. They began a breakthrough with their cov;n- Asian Games. The China Taibei to receive general training in July terparts from the DPRK, South Olympic Committee will dispatch for a period of 60 days before the 1 Korea, Thailand, Japan, Iran a delegation of 414, including 305 games. In order to enable Taiwan ] and Mongolia. Some promising athletes, to take part in the games. athletes to make a good show, the i Chinese boxing players received Since the 1970 Bangkok Asian relevant departments in Taiwan training for a period of time in Games, Taiwan athletes have not agreed that individual events' as- | the United States and their skill taken part in the Asian Games. sociations can send their athletes has improved to some extent as s Their re-emergence in the Asian to take part in competitions and result. Cyclists often ride a daily Games will offer an opportunity training on the mainland. distance equivalent to two round for them to display their strength. Taiwan's strong events include trips between Beijing and Tianjin. In recent years, athletes from golf, women's softball, women's This has greatly improved their both sides of the Taiwan Straits football, women's tennis, women's speed and endurance. have had several contacts in inter• judo, shooting and table-tennis. Men's Football. Although national competitions. This will In the track and field events, China is among Asia's strongest be the first time, however, for Wang Shuhua and Peng Huanshu football teams, it has never be• them to have a major competition are gold medal winners in youth 1 come a real champion in Asia. on their own soil. Li Qinghua, track and field championships i After their failure to go to Rome, vice-chairman and secretary- and the men's all-round cham• the Chinese men's football team general of the Taibei Olympic pions in Asia. In addition, Gu has undergone some changes but, Committee, said that since Tai• Jinshui and Li Fuen are powerful \ judging from recent warm-up wan has left the Asian Games for competitors for the title of "Asia's | matches, their play is not as good 20 years but will now again take No. 1 iron man." • ;

BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 27 CHINA

Military Training for University Students

by Our Staff Reporter Li Ming Beginning last October, some 728 freshmen of Beijing University received ten months of military training at the Shijiazhuang Army College of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). This experience helped the studenits improve their academic work and provided them with both ideological and physical training.—Ed.

t six in the morning, He ticularly, the neglect of ideolog• for two to three months. This Qing, a female student ical and political education con• time, however, Beijing Univers• A from Beijing, quickly got fused students and resulted in ity mo'ved the training on to a up at the first bugle call and put lax discipline. Many students military college and extended on her army uniform. In four did not have a basic understand• the programme's length of time. minutes, she and her roommates ing of either China's national In a talk about the reform. had lined themselves up for the conditions or socialism, a prob• President Wu said, "The PLA morning drill. Ten months be• lem which prevented them from has a glorious revolutionary fore, however, the idea that she becoming worthy successors to tradition, a fine style of work would be one of the 728 fresh• the socialist cause. Given this and iron discipline. The military men of Beijing University to re• situation, Wu pioneered the use college is a place to train senior ceive military training was al• of the military course for re• military commanders where all most inconceivable to her. She form. of the above features are and other students, however, According to China's Military brought into focus. This is why managed to successfully com• Service Law, the students of in• we chose a military college for plete their unforgettable life at stitutions of higher learning the training programme. Here, the military college on July 17 must receive basic military in military barracks, the stu• this year. training during their study in dents feel that they are army- school. The aim is to cultivate men and, therefore, set the same Educational Reform students' values and love for the strict demands on themselves as Chinese Communist Party, the do soldiers." He pointed out that Wu Shuqing, a noted econo• people, the socialist motherland the extended time for the mili• mist who took the post of presi• and labour, enhance their sense tary training is needed so that dent of Beijing University last of discipline and turn them into ideological education and aca• year, believes the military train• outstanding youth with high demic training can be conducted ing course is a key part of edu• military and political qualities. at one time and to ensure that cational reform. At present, he In recent years, many insti• the students have a rich life in says, the separation of theory tutions of higher learning in the military college. from practice is a common prob• China, including Beijing Univ• Major Genei-al Xiang Xu, lem among university students ersity, offered military training pohtical commissar of the Shi• and has resulted in many being among the students in different jiazhuang Army College, said unqualified for their jobs after ways. Most invited military in• that he was much taken by the graduation. In recent years par• structors to train the students young people. Although his col-

28 BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 CHINA lege, a famous military school, the grass roots for one year after and their sense of organization has trained many outstanding they are assigned a work unit. and discipline. commanders, it was the first This is a probationary time and Sun Hong and eight other time that it had hosted such a those who prove themselves girls from the department of large number of university stu• qualified during probation be• biology made up the fifth group dents. The new situation re• come regular staff of the state. of the 19th squadron. Looking quired the school to adapt itself The students who have under• very tanned now, they said that to the needs of the students. gone the one-year military train• they were not used to life at the According to Xiang, the cur• ing, however, are exempt from camp when they first arrived. riculum is comprised of military the probationary period and be• Their hair was cut short and training, political education and come regular staff of the state they had to get up very early in academic study, 29 percent, 40 upon graduation after four the morning. The most unpleas• percent and 26 percent respec• years of study in the university. ant thing, however, was that tively, with the remaining 5 per• they were criticized for "trivial cent taken up by social inves• Unforgettable Experiences matters." tigation and camp and field Students who have undergone Yang Qing, the group head, training. The military course in• the military training have good had responsibilities similar to cludes military theory, drilling, things to say about the pro• that borne by the head of an shooting and hand-to-hand com• gramme. army squad. "In daily life," she bat. The political and academic Luo Jun, a student from said, "the demands on us were as courses include the history of Yibin, Sichuan Province, said, strict as on cadets of the military Chinese revolution, China's so• "To me, military training is an college. There were all sorts of cialist construction, English lan• extraordinary experience. I've stipulations, such as the way the guage, Chinese and 14 other learned a lot." quilt was to be folded, the place subjects, all of which receive Wang Yan, a female student, where military caps were put, university credit. The audio said, "Whether or not we admit how towels should be hung and room for English study in the it today, one day we will realize the way a toothbrush was to be military college is equipped with the advantages military training placed." up-to-date facilities which com• provided us." However, the students found pare favourably to the first-rate Most students found that the the camp and field training an equipment found in other insti• military training taught them unforgettable experience. Dur• tutions of higher learning. ing the training in early May many things they had never this year, they marched 250 At present, China's university come across before and km to Taihang Mountains. Al• graduates are asked to work in enhanced their collective spirit though their skin was sunburnt and many had blisters in their Students bid a sad (arewell to their instructor at the Shijiazhuang Railway Station. feet, no one dropped out. The squadron leaders and pol• itical and military instructors are the most outstanding offi• cers and teachers of the army college facuhy. Wu Afeng, 34, lieutenant colonel, was the 19th squadron's political instructor. Although she trained soldiers for the military review on Na• tional Day in 1984, she says that training students was even more demanding. "It was easy to get along with the students. But it was extremely difficult to get them used to the army's style of work and discipline. At the be• ginning, they didn't understand

BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 29 CHINA why they should fall in and line and wrong concerning cardinal bhndly copy Western methods. I up for anything. This was a par• political issues, combined dili• feel the heavy social responsibil• ticular problem with the girls. gent study with patriotism, and ity on my shoulders. The only More sensitive, they easily shed strengthened their value con• way for the youth of my gener• tears. Now, however, they're cepts. ation to help China is to inte• much different." According to General Xiang, grate ourselves with the workers The students said Wu, though the army college organized the and peasants and combine what she was very stern with her cri• students to study Marxism, Len• we have learnt with practice." ticisms, looked after them as if inism and Mao Zedong Thought President Wu Shuqing said she were an elder sister. She and to learn about China's na• the outcome of the military commanded respect and obedi• tional conditions. In the first training was as expected. It was, ence from everyone. term, very few students brought he says, a successful attempt at All the students feel that al• any political books with them. educational reform. though their experience in the In the second term, however, army college was only tempor- ^ when the students returned after A Continuous Practice the winter vacation, 90 per• ary, it was one they would not cent of them brought Marxist- On July 7, President Wu told have found anywhere else and Leninist classics. The students, more than 60 Chinese and for• would exert a great influence on on their own, also organized sev• eign reporters on a visit to the their lives in the future. eral dozen Marxist-Leninist stu• Shijiazhuang Army College that dy groups which later encom• the educational reform of mil• Lile-Long Benefits passed nearly all the students. itary and political training , Through such study, the stu• among students would continue. A student who joined the dents said, they have a new un• He said that the 1,600 freshmen Communist Party during the derstanding of Marxism, Lenin• to be enrolled at Beijing Univ• miUtary training said, "There, I ism and Mao Zedong Thought ersity this year will first receive learnt what it's like to have a and socialism. military training at the Shijia• collective spirit, unity, tenacity zhuang Army College and at an• and the ability to bear hard• During the camp and field other military school. ships. These non-intellectual training, the students marched At the ceremony marking the factors are necessary for aca• to the Taihang Mountains, a end of the military programme demic studies. It doesn't negate trip which offered thern an op• on July 17, Li Tieying, minister creativity." portunity to get to know China's national conditions. The Tai• of the State Education Com• The ten-month military and hang Mountains were a revolu• mission, disclosed that the State political training helped the stu• tionary base area during both Council had agreed that the Fu- dents gain a profound under• China's War of Resistance dan University in Shanghai will standing of the roles played by Against Japan and the Libera• follow the example of Beijing the Chinese Communist Party tion War, and the local people University and send its fresh• in leading the Chinese people to there made tremendous contri• men to receive military training carry out revolution and con• butions to the victory of Chi• at two military colleges begin• struction. Many applied to join na's revolution. After 40 years ning this year. the Communist Party during of construction, great changes Despite the successful efforts the military training, and 38 have taken place there, but it by Beijing University in this re• were enrolled. is still quite backward in many form, many people doubt The military training not only respects. The students saw first whether it can be put into prac• enhanced the students' military hand the living and working tice by every institution of high• knowledge and built up their conditions of the local people er learning throughout China. physical health, but also helped and, afterwards, had a stronger The number of military colleges them mature both politically understanding of the need to is, after all, limited and they and ideologically. When he maintain social stability. A stu• lack the resources to train all summed up the gains made by dent told this reporter, "Moder• university students. Other univ• the students, General Xiang Xu nization in a country like China ersities and colleges, therefore, noted that they affirmed their ii must be-based on the country's need to explore new ways to belief in socialism, drew clear own national conditions; China provide military training for must blaze its own road and not distinctions between the right their students. •

BEMING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 BUSINESS / TRADE

two governments" by using the Mainland Official question of GATT membership. Janssen Medicine on Taiwan Joining He also said that only the realiza• Co. Goes Well GATT tion of reunification of the mother• land can create a bigger space for The Xian Janssen Medicine Co. Taiwan to manoeuvre, and a more Ltd., a Sino-Belgium joint venture, An official with the Ministry of favourable externa) environment grew in both production and sales Foreign Economic Relations and for Taiwan's econoinic develop• during the first half of this year. Trade recently said that there was ment. He hoped that the Taiwan Sales, for example, exceeded 95 mil• no question of the Chinese govern• authorities should adopt a sensible lion yuan including US$3 million ment standing in the way of Taiwan attitude and practical measures to in export, earning 13 million yuan joining the General Agreement on contact and consult with the main• of profits. Tariffs and Trade (GATT), much land in order to create the neces• less the mainland deprives Taiwan The company's 1989 export to• sary conditions for Taiwan's GATT of its "international living space." talled US$4.3 million with sales of membership. All problems could be 78 million yuan. It is estimated that When GATT was established in resolved if the two sides sit down this year exports will reach US$10 1948, the official said, China was and talk, he said. • million while sales 189 million one of the 23 signatories to the trea• yuan. ty. After the founding of the Peo• ple's Republic of China in 1949, ST Apparatus Well With a total investment of 152 the Taiwan authorities illegally de• million yuan, the Janssen com• clared withdrawal from GATT in Received Abroad pany, China's largest pharmaceuti• March 1950 in the name of the cal joint venture, has largest varie• ty and the most complete forms of Republic of China. The most im• With evident positive effects for portant question is the resolution to medicine. With imported equip• the cure of many diseases, particu• ment, the venture conducts auto- the matter of China resuming its larly epilepsy, the ST-bionics wide- position as a signatory to a treaty. assembly line processes and pro• frequency therapeutic apparatus gramme control operation in line In July 1986, the Chinese govern• has enjoyed brisk sales abroad. The ment formally requested that its with standards of medical produc• amount of goods ordered by for• tion and management established GATT position be restored. This eign businessmen is continuously was welcomed and supported by the by the World Health Organization. increasing; products are now sold to other signatories. Since then, great The venture was partially put into 15 countries and regions including progress has been made in negotia• production in April 1989 and the the United States, Japan and Tai• tions. remaining part in March this year. wan. The official stressed that Taiwan | According to Feng Sijing, the The apparatus was developed by is part of China. In light of the company's chairman of the board the Guangdong Zhaoqing Dinghu principles of international law and of directors, all the venture's prod• Biomedical Engineering Research related international practice, Tai• ucts were selected from patent Institute under the supervision of wan has no right to apply for products invented by the Janssen the Chinese Medical Association. GATT membership. If Taiwan does Co. of Belgium. Of small dosage, want such a status, the following Trialclinical application indicates they are easy to use, safe and reli• two premises must be considered that it has quite good effects in able and create good effects. It is first, First, its membership must promoting metabolism, regulating learned presently, eight different follow the restoration of China's the nervous system, and improving types of products, six forms of position as a GATT signatory; se• tissue repairmcnt, the body's im• medicine and 20 specifications are cond, the Taiwan authorities must mune system and organ regenera• available in the market. solicit the central government be• tion. A cure rate of epilepsy of The company's Belgian represen• fore it applies for GATT member• more than 95 percent has been tative said that the Janssen was sa• ship. reached. tisfied in the successful co• Some Taiwan compatriots, aris• In addition to the mentioned operation with China and confident ing from their desire to help the products, Li Bing, head of the Din• of the future for the joint company. Taiwan economy and develop its ghu institute, said that his institute It is learned the Janssen Medicine foreign trade, hope to resolve as had also developed bionics wide- Scientific Research Institute of in• early as possible the problem of frequency Sauna product. This ternational standards, funded by Taiwan's GATT membership. The product, by irradiating the body, the Belgian government, will be es• official said, however, they do not can improve blood circulation and tablished in the Xian Janssen Med• understand historical conditions speed up metabolism. It is an ideal icine Co. By then, the world- and are unable to sec through the keep-fit equipment which helps get acknowledged technology used to Taiwan authority's attempt to split rid of fatigue and treat diseases. produce selected and effective med• the country and foment "one Tai• The product now similarly enjoys a icines will be applied to the Chinese wan, one China" and "one country. ready market abroad. • pharmaceutical industry. •

BEIJING RVVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 31 CULTURE/SCIENCE

'China Pictorial' Celebrates 40th Birthday have been a subscriber to ments in industry and agricul• cades, China Pictorial report• China Pictorial for more ture, in culture; and education, ers have been to all parts of I than 30 years. I read each the new life and spirit of the the country and many parts issue with great interest. Most people of all the nationalities of the world, have witnessed of my knowledge and under• in China have all been reflect• many historical events and standing of your beautiful and ed in China Pictorial, provid• shot more than 400,000 excel• great country I owe to your ing its readers a comprehen• lent pictures that have been lovely magazine." sive picture of socialist New edited into picture books such So wrote Jean-Jacques d'- China. as China Sceneries, Chinese Anne, a senior UNESCO offi• "In the past 10 years, espe• Wonders, The Silk Road—On cial, in expressing a common cially, we have worked hard to Land and Sea, Cultural Rel• view held by readers of China improve our magazine, enrich ics Unearthed in China, Pot• Pictorial, which celebrated its its content and make various ted Landscapes and Chinese 40th birthday on July 18. reforms in consideration of Dishes. Founded in 1950, China subject matter, pictures and Party and state leaders have Pictorial is a large format, layout which resulted in re• held China Pictorial in high richly illustrated monthly markable improvements in regard. The late Chairman pictorial published in 17 lan• the pictorial. Mao Zedong wrote the name guages: Chinese (inland and "For example. Hello, of the magazine in his own Hong Kong editions), Tibe• Xiaoping, published in the calligraphy and the late Pre• tan, English, Russian, French, 12th issue of 1986, took the mier Zhou Enlai provided German, Japanese, Thai, Hin• lead in introducing the life many specific instructions. On du, Swedish, Korean, Arabic, story of Deng Xiaoping with the occasion of the maga• Urdu, Spanish, Italian, Swa- many valuable historical pic• zine's 40th anniversary. Par• hili and Romanian. No oth• tures. The report has been re• ty General-Secretary Jiang er Chinese magazine has so printed in many Chinese and Zemin, Deng Xiaoping and many different editions. foreign magazines. Premier Li Peng all wrote By July of this year it had "In recent years, articles congratulations. published 505 issues—it did about reform and opening up Xing extended special not even stop publication dur• to the outside world have tak• thanks to the more than 130 ing the "cultural revolution." en a leading position in the foreign experts who have It now sells 600,000 copies a pictorial's subject matter, such worked for the magazine dur• month, 50 percent of the to• as the detailed introduction to ing the past four decades. tal of all of China's foreign- the Shenzhen Special Econo• These experts not only should• language magazines. It is sold mic Zone (SEZ), the Shantou ered many heavy tasks in in more than 150 countries SEZ and the Zhuhai SEZ, translation and polishing and regions. sea port cities like Shanghai, work but also helped their In reflecting on the past 40 Tianjin, Guangzhou and Dal• Chinese colleagues to improve years, director and editor-in- ian, and the rapid economic their professional skills. chief Xing Yan said proudly, growth in China's rural areas. They also made worthwhile "China Pictorial has made a "Many reports, such as Bei• suggestions on improving the candid and vivid record of jing's Overloaded Transporta• magazine's content and layout the basic conditions and so• tion, Housing Problem in Bei• and some even wrote articles. cial transformation of social• jing and The Vegetable Bas• The foreign experts have ist China. The important ac• ket of Shanghai People, have made outstanding contribu• tivities of Party and state attracted wide social con• tions to China Pictorial, Xing leaders, development of Sino- cern." said. foreign relations, achieve• During the past four de• by Hong Lanxing

3Z BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 CULTURE/SCIENCE mittee said. Each of Jia's works displays a radiant splendour and rich atmospheric style. Medi• tation in the Moonlight faintly shows a person lying inside a thatched cottage in the moon• light; there are a round table and two round stools outside. The International Fine Arts Awards painting illuminates the artist's state of mind through its por• trayal of the largeness of the ia Youfu, Song Yugui and ters and then, after further ex• universe and the smallness of the JDong lining—three pain• amination, chose ten candidates. human figure. ters who have made out• After discussion, it was agreed Large splashes of black, white standing contributions to unaminously that the awards be and gray form the endless univ• Chinese art, received the Art given to Jia Youfu, Song Yugui erse in Jia's heart. Morning Walk Award by the Beijing Interna• and Dong lining. depicts a man sauntering along tional Fine Arts Federation. Jia Youfu's paintings (some on a donkey through a white The Beijing International Fine were published in Beijing Re• snowy world with a crescent Arts Federation, established in view, No. 7, 1987, together with moon high in the sky. The su• 1985, was the first Sino-foreign an introduction), "widened the perficial image is of the natural (Japanese) joint venture in the scope of shan-shui (mountain- world but it reveals the feelings cultural field. It contributes and-river) painting," the com• of the painter. Crossing the An- profits to the Art Fund and pre• sents the annual Art Award by the Beijing International Fine Arts Federation to outstanding artists, theorists, educators and activists, as well as to inventors of art techniques and equipment. The appraisal committee cons• ists of such well-known artists as Zhou Sicong, Jin Shangyi, Liu Shubo and others, with Wu Zu- oren, chairman of the Chinese Artists' Association, as honorary chairman. The awards this year were open to artists under the age of 55 who work in the Chinese ink-and-wash medium. They were judged not on the quality of one painting, but a group of works from October 1984 to December 1988. In November 1988, guidelines for the nomination of candidates were issued to provincial and municipal artists' associations. By May last year, 100 painters had been recommended in 22 provinces and municipalities. The Third Beijing International Fine Arts Chinese Ink-and-Wash Exhibition was then held at the China Art Gallery in Beijing. The appraisal committee made a preliminary selection of 30 pain•

BEUING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 33 CULTURE/SCIENCE cient Castle and Silent Poetry compositions. One of his shan- when touched. His outlines are display the outstanding skill of shui landscapes is more than ten clear. When mentioning why he the painter in using the Chinese metres wide and 1.3 metres high. selected Chinese ink and wash as ink-and-wash style. Both show a Works on such a scale are rare his medium, Dong recalled his stretch of high mountains and among painters of his generation. life in the villages. "The expanse convey the painter's thoughts Song's award-winning paint• of nature makes me love the about the truth of the universe ings display his inner skill and grass and trees in villages. Mag• and human life. quality. Holding the Moon has nificent mountains make me When accepting the avi'ard, excellent colour tone. It is light, learn how to become indepen• this associate professor of harmonious and tasteful. A dent and strong. I can feel the Chinese ink-and-wash painting small white flower bathed in the expanse and simplicity of the of the Central Academy of Fine light from a round moon and set vast fields and enjoy the in• Arts described his ideals and mo• against a warm gray background teresting rural life of mountains, tivation: "I want to lay a deep leaves people drunk with fas• springs and streams. Mountains, foundation of art on this special cination. Listening to Frogs and rivers, grass and trees have be• Chinese land, to build a jade Faded Wild Flowers have rich come a part of me." tower of Chinese ink-and-wash colours. Song has made every ef• These experiences have deeply painting in the contemporary fort to use traditional elements influenced his painting style. His world with Chinese national spir• to achieve new results. paintings are full of mountains, it." Dong lining, a 35-year-old trees and rivers. Mountain God Song Yugui gives the impres• teacher at the Hubei Art College, and Spots of Red Frosted Leaves sion of not being a good talker is the yongest of the three pain• all depict the grandeur and but his paintings speak eloquent• ters. His paintings, like himself, strength of mountains. He paint• ly of his clever characteristics. are vivid and natural. His moun• ed the trees very simply—stout Song, 50, a senior member of the tains and stones look so hard that trunks with sparsely spaced Liaoning Studio, excells at large you would expect them to ring short, thick, branches. Just a few drops of colour here and there Moonlaiii God. DONGjlNlNG represent leaves. The trees are drawn on a bright background, I creating a very strong impres- I sion. In Dong's works, contem- ' porary Western techniques have , been integrated with traditional I brush and ink, creating a unique and interesting style of his own. These three painters have dif• ferent characters and styles. They all painted the moon but Jia Youfu's Meditation in the Moonlight shows supernatural beauty in a quiet environment; Song Yugui's Holding the Moon expresses the nobility and eleg• ance of a painter; Dong lining's Moonlight Song makes people feel the bold grandeur and strength of the mountains. In their different ways, they have instilled Chinese ink-and-wash painting with new vitality. Their use of traditional and contem• porary methods represents a val• uable experiment in combining Oriental and Occidental arts. by Hong Lanxing

BEIJING REVIEW, AUG. 27-SEP. 2, 1990 1

A Tree. Painted Porcelain Plates

Xiao Lei, born in 1964, made these painted plates by baking

A Child Wearing a Tiger-Shaped Cap. BEIJING REVIEW A Window on China

Beijing Review, China's only weekly foreign language current affairs magazine, was first launched in English in March 1958. It is now available in English, French, Spanish, German and Japanese. As well as the regular English edition, a North American edition is printed and distributed in the USA. In January 1988, Chinafrique, a monthly in French, was published by Beijing Review for distribution in African countries. The six editions are essentially similar in content but vary to cater for the readership in different regions of the world. The magazine aims to • provide information on political, economic, cultural and social developments and trends in China; • offer insight into the theories, lines, principles and policies of the Chinese Communist Party; • acquaint readers with Chinese views on major international issues. Beijing Review is an important source of information for overseas government officials, experts, scholars and business people interested in recent developments in China. It is often quoted by foreign media and is used by professors as a source of reference for students of overseas universities. The back cover of Beijign Reiview carries colour advertisements. Beijing Review is airmailed to over 150 countries and regions. It is distributed by the China International Book Trading Corporation (Guoji Shudian), P.O. Box 399, Beijing, China.