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ANATOMICAL PROPERTIES of NINE INDIGENOUS RATTAN SPECIES of JAMBI, INDONESIA Krisdianto*, Jasni and Tutiana Forest Products Research and Development Center, Jl

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ANATOMICAL PROPERTIES of NINE INDIGENOUS RATTAN SPECIES of JAMBI, INDONESIA Krisdianto*, Jasni and Tutiana Forest Products Research and Development Center, Jl Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 5, No. 2, October 2018, 147-161 ISSN: 2355-7079/E-ISSN: 2406-8195 ANATOMICAL PROPERTIES OF NINE INDIGENOUS RATTAN SPECIES OF JAMBI, INDONESIA Krisdianto*, -asni and Tutiana Forest Products Research and Development Center, Jl. Gunung Batu 5, Bogor, :est -ava 16610, Indonesia Received: 16 June 2017, Revised: 31 October 2018, Accepted: 31 October 2018 ANATOMICAL 35OPERTIES OF NINE INDIGENOUS RATTAN SPECIES OF -AMBI, INDONESIA. 9arious rattan species grow naturally in -ambi, Indonesia, i.e. opon (Plectocomiopsis geminiflora (Griff.) Beccari), udang (Korthalsia flagelaris Miquel), getah (Daemonorops micracantha (Griff.) Beccari), duduk (D. didymophylla Beccari), tunggal (Calamus laevigatus Martius), sijau (C. tumidus Furtado), buruk ati (C. insignis Griff. var. longispinosus Dransfield), batu (C. zonatus Beccari), and paku (C. exillis Griff.). The rattan species are classified as lesser known species, which its properties are unknown to rattan supplier and consumers. This paper observes the anatomical properties of nine indigeneous rattan species of -ambi. Anatomical observations were conducted from solid, sectioned and macerated samples. Results show that anatomical properties become a diagnostic characteristic for rattan species identification and specific characteristic has been developed for Ney species determination. 9ascular bundles in the outer part of the stem of opon and udang rattans are yellow-capped. Width and length ratio of vascular bundle in the outer part is more than 1, oval shape was found in sijau rattan, while elongated shape vascular bundle with the ratio less than 1 was found in buruk ati. Fiber bundles separated from vessels are found in central ground parencymatous tissue of rattan tunggal. In the peripheral area, fiber bundle forms one or two lines with no specific pattern found in rattan paku, while fiber bundles in one line with alternate pattern found in rattan duduk. Single resin canals are found both in center part and peripheral area is found in batu rattan and mostly single. Resin canals are found in pair at getah rattan stem. Tentative identification Ney to rattan species has been developed for nine species investigated, then the Ney should be developed for further genera identification among rattan species in Indonesia. .eywords: Anatomical properties, nine indigenous rattan species, Jambi, identification key SIFAT ANATOMI SEMBILAN -(1IS R27AN ASLI -AMBI, INDONESIA. Beberapa jenis rotan tumbuh secara alami di wilayah Jambi, Indonesia, yaitu opon (Plectocomiopsis geminiflora (Griff.) Beccari), udang (Korthalsia flagelaris Miquel), getah (Daemonorops micracantha (Griff.) Beccari), duduk (D. didymophylla Beccari), tunggal (Calamus laevigatus Martius), sijau (C. tumidus Furtado), buruk ati (C. insignis Griff. var. longispinosus Dransfield), batu (C. zonatus Beccari), dan paku (C. exillis Griff.). Rotan tersebut termasuk rotan yang kurang dikenal, karena sifat dan karakteristiknya belum diketahui oleh Nonsumen dan penyuplai rotan. Tulisan ini mempelajari sifat anatomi sembilan jenis rotan yang tumbuh secara alami di -ambi. Observasi karakteristik anatomi batang rotan dilakukan dari contoh utuh, preparat sayatan, dan preparat maserasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat dan karakteristik anatomi batang rotan dapat dijadikan karakteristik diagnostik untuk identifikasi jenis rotan. Berkas pembuluh pada bagian luar rotan opon dan udang memiliki lapisan berwarna kuning pada ujungnya (yellow capped). 3erbandingan lebar dan tinggi berkas pembuluh bagian luar lebih dari satu, bentuk oval dijumpai pada rotan sijau, sementara bentuk lonjong memanjang dengan rasio lebar dan panjang kurang dari satu dijumpai pada rotan buruk ati. Berkas serat yang terpisah dari berkas pembuluh di bagian tengah dari parenkima dasar dijumpai pada rotan tunggal. 3ada bagian luar batag, berkas serat membentuk satu atau dua garis dengan pola tidak beraturan terlihat pada rotan paku, sementara berkas serat dengan pola membentuk satu garis tampak pada rotan duduk. Saluran getah di bagian tengah dan luar bertipe tunggal dijumpai pada rotan batu, sedangkan pada rotan getah saluran getah berpasangan. Sifat anatomi batang rotan selanjutnya disusun dalam bentuk kunci determinasi untuk identifikasi jenis rotan. Untuk sembilan jenis rotan dari -ambi, kunci determinasi telah dikembangkan dan disarankan untuk dikembangkan untuk identifikasi genus untuk seluruh jenis rotan yang tumbuh di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Sifat anatomi, sembilan jenis rotan asli, Jambi, kunci identifikasi * Corresponding author: krisdianto_shut.gmail.com ©2018 IJFR All rights reserved. Open access under CC BY-NC-SA license. doi:10.20886/ijfr.2018.5.2.95-147-161 147 Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 5, No. 2, October 2018, 147-161 ISSN: 2355-7079/E-ISSN: 2406-8195 I. INTRODUCTION Prior to rattan utilization, species Rattan is a group of spiny and climbing identification is one important process to palms which is classified into Monocotyledons, determine its use. In general, rattan species is 3almae family. Botanically, it is about 600 rattan accurately identified based on its taxonomic species grouped into 13 genera grows around characteristics such as habitus, leafs, climbing the world (Zehui, 2007). Among 13 genera, there organ, infloresecens and flower type (Abasolo, are only four generas are traded commercially, 2015). However, once rattan stems are cut and i.e. Calamus, Daemonorops, .orthalsia, and leaf sheaths removed, species identification Plectocomia. From 600 rattan species, it was becomes difficult (Ebanyenle & Oteng- recorded about 312 rattan species grown in Amoako, 2003). Indonesian forest and 51 species of them has Currently, rattan collectors harvest rattan been traded commercially (Sumarna, 1996 in stem based on the local name and stem diameter Rachman & Jasni, 2013). irrespective its botanical name. The local names Currently, rattan resources are available to often vary from one locality to another and support Indonesian rattan industry. Although sometimes the same name is given to more than rattans are recognized and utilized for centuries, one species. -ambi is an area where rattan grows rattan resources were not depleting until the naturally. There is various rattan species grows 1970s when the demand for rattan cane was in -ambi’s forest and has not been commercially increasing rapidly (Zehui, 2007). Since 2012, utilized. Rattan species identification would Indonesian rattan export has been banned support rattan genetic conservation and led through the Indonesian Ministry of Trade to efficient rattan utilization. :einer and Regulation No.35, 36, 37/2011. The export Liese (1990) and (Astuti (1990) stated that the ban is aiming to support local industries, anatomical properties of rattan stem cross however the ban policy has been impeding the section could become a diagnostic characteristic livelihood of rattan farmers and interpreneurs for rattan species identification. This paper (Otniel, 2013). One possible reason, the current studies the anatomical propertis of nine rattan traded rattan species is exclusively for those of species grown in -ambi’s forest. The anatomical commercial rattan species but the lesser known data is described for rattan species identification rattan species. purposes. Referring to lesser known timber species defined Ey (Sosef, Hong, & Prawirohatmodjo, II. MATERIAL AND METHOD 1998), lesser known rattan species is defined Nine rattan species are collected from as those rattan species which are little known Marangin-Bangko forest, -ambi Province, or known only locally and are not marketed or where nine indigenous rattan species grows are marketed on small scale only. Lesser known naturally in the area. Nine matured stems were rattan species fall into one of the lesser known collected randomly from different growing criteria that rattan species existence and its clumps for each species. Herbarium samples properties are largely unknown to rattan supplier were collected for species identification and consumers. The species is ignored because purposes in the Botany Research Group, Forest more commercial rattan species predominate Research and Development Center (P3H), while the forest and better known. Lesser known rattan stem were collected for macroscopic, rattan species could be assumed that public is microscopic, and fiber dimension assessments. unfamiliar with these species, then the need for Macroscopically, solid rattan stem was cut using more research. The term lesser known species sharp knife and was observed under stereo- is similar with those of less used species which microscope. Microscopically, cross-sectional suggests a lack of market acceptance and rattan stems were sliced into 35 – 45 µm using utilization (Sosef et al., 1998). a microtome. These sectioned were then red- 148 Anatomical Properties of Nine Indigenous Rattan Species of -ambi, Indonesia ....................................(Krisdianto, -asni and Tutiana) Figure 1. General structure and observation area (a), transversal section (b), lateral section (c) Source: Astuti (1990); Krisdianto and Jasni (2005); Mandang and Rulliaty (2004) stained using safranin, dehydrated in ethanol A. Batu (Calamus zonatus Beccari) sequence (35–100%) prior to mount it in object Single layer epidermis consisting of glass with entellan. (Sass, 1961 as cited Ey unlignified parenchyma cells and covered Ey Rulliaty, 2014). Two milimetre Ey two milimetre siliceous layer interspersed with few stomata transversal stem in two centimetres length stem cells.
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