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Unit 8 Television News

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Unit 8 Television News Television Journalism UNIT 8 TELEVISION NEWS Structure 8.0 Introduction 8.1 Learning Outcomes 8.2 History of Television News 8.3 What is News for Television? 8.4 Characteristics 8.4.1 Audio-Visual Medium 8.4.2 Quicker Delivery 8.4.3 Wider Reach 8.4.4 Greater Impact 8.5 Production of Television News 8.5.1 Newsroom 8.5.2 Bulletins 8.5.3 Live Elements 8.5.4 PCR and MCR 8.6 Television News with Changing Technology 8.7 Role of Television News 8.8 Let Us Sum up 8.9 Further Readings 8.10 Key Words 8.11 Check Your Progress: Possible Answers 8.0 INTRODUCTION Gone are the days when we had to wait till morning to know the latest news of happenings around us. Nowadays, the news of events in our near surroundings as well as at distant places can easily be accessed through television (TV). In other words, TV news is round-the-clock news. In newspapers, you read the news and feel its seriousness with the help of images, in radio you listen to the news, but in TV you can see the news. Since both your eyes and ears are active while watching the TV news, it tends to have greater impact on an individual and in turn greater impact on the society as a whole. TV news has revolutionized the whole news world and in recent times, due to 24x7 television news channels, we can watch the latest incidents happening across the world by just pressing the remote button. With the help of latest technologies, any incident happening in Tokyo can be seen in Lucknow or London within minutes. It means that whether it is natural disaster or terrorist attack or any other major incident, you can get not only the latest information but can also see what is happening as it unfolds. The internet has also influenced the television news. Now, TV news channels are 98 also available on smartphones. Most of the 24x7 TV news channels are available in your pocket and you can access them anytime and anywhere with the help of Television News internet. In this Unit, we shall discuss the various aspects of television news. 8.1 LEARNING OUTCOMES After going through this Unit, you will be able to: trace the evolution of television news; describe the characteristics of television news; explain the functioning of a television news channel; and discuss the role of television news in our society. 8.2 HISTORY OF TELEVISION NEWS As you have already studied the history and development of television in a previous course, here, we shall discuss the evolution of television news very briefly. The story of TV news is not very old. When TV became a household item in western countries in the 50s, some news bulletins were started along with other programs. It was during the black-and-white days of television. Usually, a newsman used to come on camera to read news scripts. Those days, a TV news broadcast had neither the reputation of newspaper journalism nor was able to compete with ‘live’ and on-the-scene reporting of radio. The assassination of US President John F Kennedy in November 1963 was a milestone for television news. That event proved that TV news history would be made through pictures and videos. But it was a time when journalists had to struggle to get videos, films or any sort of images from the scene of the event. There was no easy way to produce television content on the spot of various news events. Stories of the Vietnam War were days old before they reached the living rooms of Americans. Satellites were not around to send videos around the world instantly. By the late 70s and early 80s, many breakthroughs influenced television news. Technology developed, professionalism grew, news channels were launched, style of news presentation changed, new genres were added and visuals became important part for TV news. With the launch of satellites, ‘live’ elements became almost inseparable from the TV news. In India, however, television came to the forefront only in the 80s when colour TV was introduced by Doordarshan (DD) timing it with the hosting of 1982 Asian Games. Along with some socio-economic programmes, DD used to air some news bulletins which had to be recorded in advance. But in the 90s, when foreign programmers like CNN and Star TV made headway into the Indian market, importance of TV news also rose. In the last decade of 20th century, many news channels were started in India. This was the time when people became familiar with 24x7 TV news in India. 8.3 WHAT IS NEWS FOR TELEVISION? We all know that television is an audio-visual medium with dominance of visuals. Keeping this in mind, we can say that news with visuals is television news. But 99 Television Journalism it does not mean that news without visuals is not fit for TV. Presently, if any important event happens and there is no possibility of immediate visuals, then that piece of news is put on air with the help of graphic plates containing texts. In this situation, the TV behaves like a speaking newspaper. Though news is always news, yet visually rich events and happenings are considered more suitable for television due to the inherent nature of this medium. Hence at times, you can observe that news which is played big on TV, does not even find a mention in the newspapers. Yet another important factor related to TV is TRP (Television Rating Points). It emerged as one of the most important factors in deciding news for television in India. Desire to grab big commercial market after economic liberalization and the resultant cut-throat competition among news channels completely changed the definition of news and the whole gamut of news. Sometime back, bizarre stories of ghosts and snakes (‘nag-nagin’) used to frequently run on certain news channels. Crime stories are still considered important in news channels because there is a separate dedicated audience for this genre. But, in recent times, news channels have developed a self-regulatory body which keeps eyes on their content. Check Your Progress 1 Note: Use the space provided below for your answers. Compare your answers with those given at the end of this Unit. 1. Which event was the turning point for television news? ........................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... 2. Other than journalistic sense, which factor influences most in deciding the content of the television news channels? ........................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................... 8.4 CHARACTERISTICS We know that television news is quite different from other media i.e. print and radio. We shall now discuss the main characteristics of television news. 8.4.1 Audio-Visual Medium Let us start with the critical and most significant characteristics of TV- it is an audio-visual medium. You can hear the description of any happening or event and at the same time you can also watch visuals of the same. You would agree that without visuals TV is nothing more than a radio, so visuals are indispensible elements for TV. Television tends to select those stories which have visuals and dramatic content like fire, crime, natural disasters, embarrassed politicians etc. In the early stages of evolution of the TV news, only recorded visuals were put on air. Visuals used to be brought to the news rooms usually on tapes. But, newer 100 technologies have changed the whole scenario. With the help of satellites, ‘live’ Television News elements began to be added and gradually visuals started coming on ‘live’ also. With more developments on the technology front, there are now many ways to bring the visuals to the newsrooms and put them on air. The two elements, audio and visuals make TV news very special. You would have certainly watched the video of 9/11. Just think, if television was not there, you would have only read about that gruesome terrorist attack. Now, recall 26/11 as many of you might have watched every detail of it, be it small or big, on the TV sets sitting at your home. If TV had not been there, you would not have seen the brutality of terrorists, bravery of our soldiers and endurance of our citizens. It has the potential to change your perception of the event. Hence, the strength of this medium to show each and every development live should be utilized judiciously in many contexts. The following image shows the various audio and visual elements of television news: 8.4.2 Quicker Delivery Now tell us one thing. What would you do to satisfy your curiosity if you hear that there was a bomb blast in a big city of some other country? Tune in to Radio? Wait for newspaper to be delivered next morning or switch on your TV to watch any news channel? You would certainly watch a TV news channel because you will get each and every detail of what has happened and at the same time you will be able to see the activities at the scene of crime. You will see the damage, rescue works, how the police is investigating the matter, who took the responsibility, information about suspects, it means whole lot of information within minutes. In another words, news is delivered quickly through television. This is an important characteristic of TV news. Distance does not matter for television. You will get the comprehensive news within minutes even if the event happens thousands of kilometers away. As soon as the news comes in, it is delivered through graphic plates of ‘Breaking News’. And later visuals are inserted either ‘live’ or recorded.
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