Broadcast News Volume No

Broadcast News Volume No. 170, January 1982

TK-47 Cameras Handle Strong Competition On-Location for TPC Communications - '

www.americanradiohistory.com ...Gene Wright, Vice President of Engineering,Turner Broadcast Systems 24 HOUR NEINS "Around-the-clock operation doesn't laze

Turner Broadcast Systems operate our TR49cameras" eight RCA TK -47 Automatic Color Cameras. Four of the cameras are live 24 hours a day at Cable News Network. They're never turned off. Our TK -47 cameras are on all day deliver all the news, all the time. Four other TK -47's are used in the long at CNN and they've performed Find out how the TK -47 can WTBS system. outstandingly. They don't drift; give you a new "look" in cost saving, How are the cameras performing? they're extremely stable. But just as time -saving, and picture quality. Let Gene Wright tell you: a confidence check, from time to TK -47- it's automatic, versatile and time, we push the auto-check button. now available in Triax. Call your In a matter of seconds, over fifty RCA Representative and ask for a camera functions are checked and showing of a tape in which six top stabilized. That's real operating engineering professionals tell how confidence. With the kind of 'round- they are using TK -47's in their broad- the -clock demands we make on cast and teleproduction opera- equipment, we have to know that tions. You'll see why the TK -47 is first our cameras will deliver quality choice for savings and performance. pictures with the best stability and RCA Broadcast Systems, Bldg. reliability. Our TK -47 cameras are 2 -2, Camden, NJ 08102. doing the job for us...helping us

www.americanradiohistory.com mcBgE CONTENTS Broadcast News January 1982 Vol. 170

TPC's StarTruck Drives In the Fast Lane With seven cameras, six VTR's, video switching and a comprehensive audio complement aboard, TPC Communications' StarTruck is a self - contained television production facility on wheels. A track record of quality road performances keeps StarTruck booked and travelling.

KTVU's Magnificent New Broadcast Center The striking new facility built by Cox Broadcasting Corp. on the Oakland waterfront is the end product of careful planning, committed management and a $20 million investment. KTVU's remarkable state-of -art technical center is featured in this article.

Cleveland's New UHF Operates Commercial and STV WCLQ -TV operates commercial by day and STV at night from a combined technical center and transmitting plant. Master Control and production functions are centralized in one spacious area which permits efficient operation with a limited staff.

KCPQ -TV, Tacoma, Goes Commercial With CP Transmission System When Kelly Broadcasting put TV -13 back on -air, the change was very noticeable. A new tower with a circularly polarized antenna and a 60 kW transmitter provide extended coverage of the market with a more powerful, consistent signal. Viewer response to the strong signal and new programming has been positive.

Milwaukee's Newest TV Tower and Transmitting Plant Commercial Ch. 18 (Gaylord Broadcasting) and Public Ch. 10 and Ch. 36 cooperated to build a new tower and transmitting plant-with mutually beneficial results: added power, improved signal, and better coverage for all. Planning and installation of the tower, antennas and transmitting facilities are covered

HAWKEYE: The Broadcast Quality Recording Camera System First introduced at the 1981 NAB Convention, RCA's HAWKEYE Recording Camera System effectively demonstrated the potential of this exciting concept. An overview of the innovative technological achievements as well as the design philosophy from which this recording camera system evolved is presented he'e

TK -47T: A NO- COMPROMISE TRIAX CAMERA SYSTEM A design constraint in developing the TK -47T Triax Camera was that it had to be accomplished without compromising camera performance. Frank Davenport, Chief Engineer, RCA Jersey Ltd. tells how it was done.

www.americanradiohistory.com rior rank among engineers or execu- tives in the motion picture, television or related industries. Dr. Hopkins serves as the chairman of the SMPTE Committee on New Tech- nology, and his standards committee work has led to the development of % SATCOM Ill SATELLITE worldwide digital video compatibility. GETS ITS "TOP HAT" Engineers lower feed - Through his leadership the Society's in- horns and antennas to ternational scope of activities has been the RCA Satcom III -R expanded significantly. commercial communications satellite. The Dr. Hopkins joined RCA in 1964 as a C -band array will member of the technical staff of the provide complete RCA David Sarnoff Research Labora- coverage of the tories, Princeton, N. J., a position he contiguous states and Alaska, as well as a held until 1976 when he joined RCA spot beam to Hawaii. Broadcast Systems. The satellite is being Dr. Hopkins was graduated from Purdue assembled at RCA Astro- Electronics, University with a bachelor of science A Princeton, N. J., for degree in electrical engineering, and RCA American Corn- earned his master's degree and his ( munications, also Ph.D. from Rutgers University. in Princeton.

The RCA's Third Communications space vehicles are self- contained E. and have attitude control thrusters, ther- Jerry Smith Appointed Satellite Readied Director, Domestic Sales For mal control, propulsion, ranging and Launching telemetry equipment. The third in RCA's series of domestic In addition to its commercial services, communications satellites is being RCA American Communications pro- readied for launching from NASA's Ken- vides earth stations for use by NASA, nedy in Florida. Space Center the Department of Defense, the Nation- The spacecraft will serve customers in al Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis- the cable TV industry when it is placed tration (NOAA), the Voice of America in a geosynchronous orbit at an altitude and other governmental organizations. of about 23,000 miles. Developed and built by RCA Astro- Dr. Robert Hopkins Elected Electronics in Princeton, N. J., for RCA Fellow of SMPTE American Communications, also of Princeton, the spacecraft has 24 chan- Dr. Robert Hopkins, manager of field nels, each capable of carrying an FM/ camera engineering and product man- color TV transmission. agement for RCA Broadcast, has been The 2,385 -pound satellite will go aloft elected a Fellow of the Society of Mo- tion and Television Engineers. on a Delta 3910 /PAM -D launch vehicle Picture and will be placed in a 132 -degree west SMPTE Fellowships are conferred on longitude orbital position over the members of the Society who, because equator. It will provide high -quality re- of their proficiency and contributions, ception for millions of cable TV sub- are considered to have attained a supe- scribers and give them a wider choice of Jerry E. Smith has been promoted to Di- cable and pay TV programming. rector, Domestic Broadcast Sales. The first RCA Satcom was launched in Based in Camden, Mr. Smith is respon- 1975 and the second in 1976. They are sible for an organization selling RCA's providing a wide range of communica- line of radio and television studio and tions services for government and com- transmitting systems throughout the U. S. mercial customers in the U. S. Previously, he was manager, Southern The spacecraft are controlled from track- Broadcast Sales. ing, telemetry and control earth stations Before joining RCA in 1965 as a sales at Vernon Valley, N. J. and South Moun- engineer, Mr. Smith was vice president tain, Calif. An antenna at Astro -Elec- -engineering, for KRIS -TV, Corpus tronics monitors spacecraft performance. Christi, Tex. The RCA Satcoms are basically repeat- A native of Wichita Falls, he attended er stations, receiving signals from vari- Midwestern University there. ous earth locations and beaming the signals back down to about 1,400 re- Venezuelan TV Network, ceiver antennas. Venevision, Expands With Without the spacecraft, thousands of miles of ground cables and microwave $3 Million In RCA links would be required to perform the Broadcast Equipment same task. Satellite channels not used The Corporacion Venezolana de TV for TV can carry 1,000 voice circuits or (Venevision) in Caracas, Venezuela is 64 million bits -per- second of computer increasing the teleproduction, outside data. broadcast and newsgathering capabil-

www.americanradiohistory.com ities of its TV station network with the equipped with a TK -29C Teleproduction WGGT -TV Debuts installation of RCA broadcast equipment Telecine Camera and the servo -con- In Greensboro, N.C. valued at approximately $3 million. trolled FR -35B Projector. This system is The equipment order includes ten TR- extensively used for dubbing 35mm film A new commercial UHF television sta- 800 one -inch video tape recorders, two master prints to 1 -inch Type C tape tion, WGGT -TV in Greensboro, N.C. TH -50A portable recorders, four TK -47 masters. operated by Guilford Telecasters Inc., is automatic studio cameras and six TK -86 on -air with RCA transmitting equipment hand -held cameras. The order also in- WDSE -TV Duluth, Minn. valued at more than $1.2 million. cludes a mobile program production van To Begin CP Broadcasts The equipment for the new station in- equipped with four TK -780 triaxial cam- cludes a TTU -55C 55- kilowatt transmit- eras, designed for cable runs of up to WDSE -TV, a public broadcasting station ter and a TFU -36J pylon antenna. Chan- 5,000 feet. in Duluth, Minn., will begin circularly nel 48's new RCA transmitter and an- polarized broadcasts following installa- The TK -47 cameras will be used in a tenna combine to produce an ERP of tion of a new RCA transmitter and an- new 1.2 million watts, according to James teleproduction studio at Venevi- tenna. sion's program production and origina- Thrash, president of Guilford Tele- tion center in Caracas. The TK -86 hand- Valued at more than $1.5 million, the casters. held cameras will be used for electronic equipment ordered from RCA includes newsgathering and on -site program two TTG -50H 50- kilowatt transmitters to KTRK -TV, Houston Begins production by Venevision's television be used in an alternate /main configura- Circularly Polarized stations. The new mobile van will join tion and a TCL -16A8 Tetra Coil circularly Transmission two existing outside broadcast units de- polarized antenna. signed and equipped by RCA for Vene- The Duluth- Superior Area Educational KTRK -TV, Houston, Texas is beginning vision. The new RCA recorders mark TV Corp., non -profit owner of channel 8, circularly polarized television broad- Venevision's entry into one -inch tape is building a new transmitter facility and casts, following the installation of a $1.5 operation and will augment the com- antenna tower near the present site to million RCA antenna and transmitter. pany's extensive RCA quadruplex video accommodate the new equipment. The new Channel 13 system includes a tape facilities. The new transmitter and antenna will TCL -16A13 Tetra Coil circularly polar- combine for an effective radiated power ized antenna and a TTG- 30/30H 60 kW KOKH -TV, Oklahoma City, (ERP) of 316 -kilowatts according to Rex parallel transmitter. Installs Three Greenwell, the station's chief engineer. The antenna will be installed at a new RCA TK -47 Cameras George Jauss, WDSE -TV's general site atop a 2,000 foot tower, according manager, said the improvements will in- to Robert Niles, vice president and di- KOKH -TV, a commercial UHF station crease the station's coverage area and rector of engineering for Capital Cities serving Oklahoma City, has installed enhance its signal. Communications Inc., group owner of three RCA TK -47 studio cameras to im- the station. The antenna and transmitter prove program production and origina- combine for a maximum effective radi- tion. WBNS -TV, Columbus Adds Six TK -47 Cameras ated power of 316 kilowatts, Niles said. The cameras give KOKH -TV top quality Another Capital Cities Communications program origination capabilities, ac- WBNS -TV, Columbus, Ohio (Ch. 10) is station, WTVD, Durham, N.C., was the cording to D. K. Hart, chief engineer at expanding and improving its program first TV station to purchase an RCA the station. production capabilities with the pur- TCL -16 Tetra Coil antenna, and began Studio 25, an Oklahoma City tele- chase of six RCA TK -47 automatic stu- circularly polarized broadcasts in 1979. production firm owned by Blair Broad- dio cameras valued at approximately casting, parent company of KOKH -TV, $900,000. RCA, Data Communications also will use the RCA cameras in its According to Bill Orr, director of engi- Corp., Announce Marketing complete program production facilities. neering for WBNS, three of the TK -47 cameras will replace RCA TK -46 cam- Agreement For Master KRBK -TV, Sacramento, eras. The other three TK -47s will in- Control Automation System Modernizing With RCA crease the station's program production RCA Broadcast Video Systems, Cam- capabilities. den, N. J., and Data Communications Studio Equipment Purchase Corporation, Memphis, Tenn., have an- Koplar Communications of California WWLG -TV, Macon, Ga. nounced a non -exclusive marketing Inc., is modernizing the company's re- On -Air With RCA UHF agreement under which RCA will sell cently acquired television station in Transmitting System Data Communications Corporation's Sacramento, Calif. with RCA television Master Control Automation system. A new commercial UHF station in Macon, equipment valued at $1.6 million. Carleton H. Musson, manager, studio Russell Rowe The equipment for independent KRBK- Ga., owned by Communi- products for the RCA activity, and Scott Inc., is on -air with an RCA TV (formerly KMUV -TV), Channel 31 in- cations going Pierce, president of DCC's Broadcast and valued at cludes four TH -280 one -inch video tape transmitter antenna about Division, said the agreement covers all $1 million. machines, which feature three -hour re- segments of the television broadcast cording capability, and associated time The equipment for station WWLG (Chan- industry. nel 24) includes an RCA TTU -60D, 60- base correctors. A TH -50 portable re- Master Control Automation is the televi- kilowatt transmitter and an RCA TFU -36J corder will be used for on- location pro- sion industry's first fully- integrated mas- omnidirectional pylon antenna. duction assignments, along with a TK -86 ter control system, offering stations a hand -held camera. The transmitter and antenna will com- data base common to both traffic and Also included in the purchase were two bine to produce a maximum effective operations. The system allows opera- TCR -100A video tape cartridge ma- radiated power (ERP) of 1.35 mega- tions personnel to automate on -air chines, along with two complete TK -29 watts, according to President Jane Grams switching and machine assignments, telecine systems, including three TP -66 of Russell Rowe Communications. verifies machine delegation, and pro- 16mm Projectors and an FR -35B 35mm The station will be an ABC affiliate, the vides stations with up to five alternate Projector. One system is used for air third network -affiliated station in Macon, schedule logs to support the main pro- operations. The second film island is Ms. Grams said. gram log.

www.americanradiohistory.com www.americanradiohistory.com SEWICKLEY

Audio Console on StarTruck (above) can handle 44 inputs and has a 24- channel output

Video switching and control (right) occupy a separate compartment in StarTruck.

TK -47 automatic cameras capture the action at the "Strongest Man" competition held at Great Gorge, New Jersey (left).

TPC's StarTruck (bottom left) unloads in Miami for a taping session on the beach.

FOR TPC'S STARTRUCK "HOME" Is A Nice Place To Visit...

... but the payoff for mobile television The front section houses a Grass Valley an entire production. production units is in road performances. 1600 -7K production switcher with three Which is why Star Truck is a roamer and mixing and special effects systems, each Seven Cameras Aboard a rover -and why its owner, TPC Com- of which provides mix or wipe transi- The video portion of the truck carries up munications, Sewickley, Penna., makes tions between sources to a keyed insert, to five one -inch Type C video tape re- every effort to keep it away from home. or to a pre -set pattern. corders and numerous monitors to keep track of the feeds from as many as eight Star Truck is a 55 -foot trailer which The middle section of the truck contains cameras that can be brought to a shoot. houses a complete on- location television an audio console that can handle 44 in- production facility with an equipment puts and has a 24- channel output. With In a move to improve camera perform- complement rivalling that of many full - eight submix buses, the Audiotronics ance on the StarTruck, TPC purchased scale studios-in quality and capability. unit handles all the sound, making a five RCA TK -47 studio cameras and a separate sound truck unnecessary. TK -76 hand -held camera last year. The idea behind a good remote unit is to Another TK -76 rounds out the truck's make it of travel without sacri- capable "On some shoots, like tennis matches, RCA camera complement, with a third ficing the video quality that comes from we've got microphones all over the TK -76 also available when needed. using studio equipment. place. We use the board to capacity," says Fred Elliot, TPC's manager of pro- The truck carries two setup terminals Video, Audio, Switching duction services. that automatically adjust 99 control func- TPC has equipped Star Truck with that tions on the TK -47 with the push of a in mind. The truck's interior is divided One producer, according to senior sound button. into three units for video, audio and pro- man John Sutton, has hired the audio duction. section of the truck as the sound unit for "It's more of a tool than a necessity,"

www.americanradiohistory.com StarTruck's seven cameras cover "on- location" events from every angle. TPC's two multiple camera remote units are on the road 85% of the time.

www.americanradiohistory.com says John Luff, head of Star Truck en- Identified as "Production Plaza ", the acquired the rights to the TV cable gineering operations, commenting on the new 52,000 square foot video center system under Three Rivers Stadium, automatic setup option. "It gives the houses two sound stages; two on -line home of the Pittsburgh Steelers and camera operator extra time to work on edit suites; one off-line suite; a color Pirates. details and allows us to get the maximum correction suite and audio booth -plus This highly visible attached use out of the camera every time." extensive videotape and video cassette presence duplication facilities. Administrative new meaning to the letters T -P -C and built a reputation that allowed the com- Quality Reputation Builds Business offices for TPC are also located at Pro- The crew's attention to detail and the duction Plaza. pany to move into other areas of televi- truck's impressive array of equipment sion production. have earned TPC a good reputation. The first production in the new building Because of the prominent events they Your reputation is your best sales featured comedian Bill Cosby, who per- cover, the trucks continue to serve as a tool," Luff claims. He says TPC wins formed in a series of five -minute chil- means of calling attention to TPC and its some jobs despite lower bids by other dren's segment called Picture Pagese, a various services. companies. "Our clients feel we're daily part of the Captain Kangaroo show. In 1980, the two multiple camera remote worth the money we charge. Our reputa- The broadcast program production seg- units were on the road 85 per cent of the tion is built on everything we've done in ment of TPC's operation also completed time. "We bid on just about every major concert over the years." several episodes of Mr. Roger's Neigh- job in the East," Luff says. borhood for educational television, and a An Impressive Client Roster segment featuring Art Linkletter and TK-47 Triax Cameras In recent months, the list of events Star- Carol Lawrence for a children's telethon. To keep pace with a market that requires Truck has covered includes: Ronald Rea - very long cable runs on some shoots, gan's Inaugural gala, the Jerry Lewis Diversified Services TPC will equip the Star Truck with the Telethon, both national political conven- Another aspect of TPC, called Channel triax version of RCA's TK -47 camera, tions (for foreign broadcasters), the One Ltd. duplicates tapes for producers which can handle cable runs of up to Junior Miss Pageant, several Phil Dona- and distributors. "M *A *S *H. ", "Di- 10,000 feet. TPC's multicore cable TK- hue shows, the Battle of the NCAA nah", "Battlestar Galactica" and "Let's 47 cameras will be exchanged for TK- Cheerleaders (for network television) Make A Deal" are copied at TPC for 47T triaxial cable cameras.* and the opening show of Kennedy Center delivery to stations that have purchased Tonight. the programs. Channel One also provides TPC didn't hesitate to continue with TK- 47's, because the company had selected In addition to many professional sporting other services: film -to -tape transfer, color the RCA camera after extensive compar- events, such as football and baseball correction, audio changes, inserting com- isons to other studio cameras. games, the Star Truck has been able to mercials and editing to meet time speci- fications. cash in on network use of unusual sports In addition to its fine technical specifica- programming. Recent assignments: mud - In yet another area of its operations, TPC tions, the TK -47 also offered what Luff wrestling, women's body building, the shoots and edits video presentations for termed a "subjective edge" in picture strongest man competition, karate match- some of the nation's top corporations, quality. "Its picture quality is as pleas- es and equestrian events. including: Westinghouse, Xerox, Fire- ing or more pleasing than any camera on stone, Gulf Oil, Sohio, Fisher Scientific the market," says Luff. A Decade of Steady Growth and Mellon Bank. Since starting as a small teleproduction Reliability Plus Picture Quality firm in 1971, TPC has grown to become Dow Jones hired TPC to write and pro- But another factor may have been more one of the biggest companies in the in- duce a video presentation explaining its important. "We decided on the TK -47 dustry. Last year, TPC did more than $9 news retrieval service. The program, sent because its mechanical design and its en- million worth of business, ranking it over cable television, introduced the gineering indicated it would be the most among the top "four or five" companies experimental service to potential con- reliable in the long run," Luff says. Be- in the East and the top eight in the sumers. cause it eliminates multiple settings from nation, according to Luff. The remote In addition to these services, TPC per- different camera operators, the automatic truck operations were only one facet of sonnel produced or completed 862 com- setup option will probably contribute to that volume. mercials last year. Major advertising the camera's longevity, he pointed out. The company also produces commer- agencies, including Ketchum, McLeod And reliability is the most important qual- cials, network television shows and in- and Grove and McCann Erickson hired ity for a camera in a remote unit. dustrial films. And it is second in the TPC to produce commercials for such business, country in providing dubbing services to clients as Goodyear tires, Nike shoes and "In this there's always some- program syndicators. Glidden paint. body right behind you, waiting to pick up your business," Luff says. "We New $8 Million Facility The Three Rivers Stadium Connection can't afford to stumble too many times." Since March 1980 the video has been In the company's early years, beforc it D pouring from TPC's new $8 million fa- established a reputation, the remote cility in Sewickley, Pa., about 15 min- trucks were the staple that kept TPC The new TK -47T cameras were installed and used first for taping the Women's World Championship of Golf tournament in August utes from the Pittsburgh airport. alive. TPC bought two remote units and 1981.

www.americanradiohistory.com KTVU BUILDS ITS MAGNIFICENT BROADCAST CENTER ON THE WATERFRONT

KTVU Aerial Photo by Steve Proehl.

www.americanradiohistory.com OAKLAND

ßy 1976, it was apparent that KTVU broadcast clients, especially in retail- in KTVU's magnificent new three -story was going to have to vacate its fa- ing. The new building had to provide broadcast center. The new facility, rep- miliar, cramped facility at One Jack Lon- space and services to accommodate resenting a $20 million investment, is don Square, on the Oakland waterfront. the needs of current and new clients. located on five acres of ground along the It had been home for the independent 2. A people- oriented building, provid- Oakland estuary on San Francisco Bay, KTVU since the station went on -air in ing a pleasant, comfortable, desirable about 1,000 yards south of its old lo- 1958. working environment. cation. The aging building had been changed, 3. A state -of-art technical center with The charm, waterfront view, and ready re- arranged and upgraded periodically, ample equipment and space for pro- access for driving and public transporta- but was physically incapable of meeting viding the full range of services re- tion are all retained at KTVU's new ad- the projected operating needs of its own- quired. dress of Two Jack London Square. The site offers a magnificent view of San ers, Cox Broadcasting. It could not be The plan for an advanced broadcast facil- Francisco's waterfront and skyline rising shaped into the dynamic full service ity as articulated by Mr. Schwartz was from the oppositc shore of the Estuary, broadcast center envisioned by William accepted by Cox Broadcasting manage- with the landmark Mt. Sutro Tower and "Bill" Schwartz, then General Manager ment. Then for the next two years he, its impressive antenna array standing tall of KTVU and now President and Chief along with Chief Engineer Ray Swenson above the city. Operating Officer of Cox Broadcasting and Production Manager Brooke Spec - Corp. torsky, toured the country checking out A California -style design, using earth Mr. Schwartz's concept of a new KTVU new stations and production facilities - tone colors and generous expanses of facility called for: talking, listening and gathering reams of glass for the exterior, KTVU's new information. building is distinctively different, yet 1. A customer -oriented building. As an blends comfortably into its waterfront was independent, KTVU (and is) par- The benefits of this extensive and inten- environment. ticularly active in developing new sive planning effort are readily apparent

KTVU's new broadcast center presents an impressive profile. Main entrance to the lobby is at the center of the building. Photo by Paul Bielenberg for Walker Associates, Inc.

www.americanradiohistory.com The building is a three -story structure, constructed on I3 -foot modules. The main television production studio has a full -height 39- foot ceiling, while the other two studios have 26 -foot ceilings. The lobby mirrors the modem, functional look of the building. Its three -story ceiling makes the space seem larger than it is. Func- tionally, the lobby is the hub for directing the flow of building traffic and as a security control point. CARPENTRY As shown on the layout, the first floor houses SHOP the technical area, News, support functions and Retail Services. This group is responsible for developing clients and sales and is staffed to provide a full range of client services including creative and commercial production. According to Ray Swenson, KTVU is the number 1 station in the country for developing clients for TV. This emphasis results in a heavy production requirement which keeps the studios, editing and control rooms operat- MASTER ing on a full schedule. CONTROL The Design Department, headed by Dick Weise, supports Retail Services with complete graphics capability, and also handles design and graphics for KTVU's on -air and station promotion needs. The station also operates a complete printing shop. Administrative operations, Sales and executive offices occupy the second floor, accessed by an open staircase from the lobby. Here also the arrangement evidences careful planning, with functions grouped for efficient work flow. Sales Managers' offices are along KTVU outside walls, with staff members clustered in Floor One attractive "open office" areas. The layout is designed so that sensitive areas such as Personnel and Accounting can be easily se- cured during non -working hours. Another important facility on the Second Floor is the comfortable, handsomely appointed Employ- ee Lounge and outdoor roof "garden." The Third Floor is reserved as a major conference /entertainment area, with com- WEST DECK plete audio -visual facilities; a kitchen, and two spacious roof gardens for outdoor functions.

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www.americanradiohistory.com Photos (clockwise from left). The Lobby, with its three -story ceiling, gives the entire interior of the building a spacious, open look.

Handsomely appointed General Manager s office offers a "picture postcard" view of the area. Traffic Department work area.

One of two roof garden patios on the Third Floor outside deck. Main Conference Room, Third Floor. General Office area, with "open offices" grouped in functional clusters. All photos on this page are by Paul Bielenberg, for Walker Associates, Inc., interior designers for KTVU's new building.

www.americanradiohistory.com Ray Swenson, Chief Engineer, at Master Control console. (KTVU photos by Charles Haacker)

supplier, developing complete system diagrams and documentation, identify- Flexible Technical the are effectively wired in parallel. Plant plant ing all system inputs and outputs. They The basic design philosophy of KTVU's handled wiring in- Planning -And Implementing The Plan also the in -plant to new technical plant is to have complete terconnect the operating equipment Planning the new technical plant, defin- flexibility, so we can make changes, cor- components -audio boards, video, routing its required performance capabilities rect any shortcomings, or rearrange to ing and assignment switchers, etc. and establishing the required equipment - suit our needs as they change," Swenson with pre -wired rack outputs. comments. "The technical area was con- complement were major responsibiities ceived and programmed to provide ade- assigned to Ray Swenson, Ken Manley "Getting the new technical plant de- quate space and to handle the flow of and Dan Cervelli. tailed, installed and operational turned product, people and functions efficient- out to be a real team effort," Mr. Swen- With the system design concept defined, ly son adds. "Our ideas and concepts were " the next step was to determine the most transferred to the RCA people; then they In space alone, the technical area has efficient and cost effective means of contributed quite a bit to the detail de- completing the job-specifying, install- grown from a tight 33,000 sq. ft. in the sign work. Their experience in handling old location to a spacious 80,000 sq. ft. ing and documenting. similar type jobs helped out a great deal We wanted total flexibility to be able to "When we evaluated the scope of the on this one." change, expand or re- locate our techni- project and put a cost -and -time frame on cal operational facilities," explains As- our ability to accomplish it, we realized Major New Equipment Purchases sistant Chief Engineer Ken Manley. that it could not be done without ex- The investment in the new KTVU plant panding our own technical staff," Mr. approximates $18 million, with about the same time, we wanted "At the flexi- Swenson acknowledges. "It should be $12 million in land and building plus to enable us to overcome any bility impossible for a station's engineering furnishings. system or equipment outáges without to handle a this magnitude staff job of - as we Ray Swenson served the owner's rep- disrupting normal operations. And otherwise it is overstaffed. wanted a versatile system capable of resentative for the entire building project, handling a number of related operations "At this point we decided that a qual- involving contracting, negotiating, ac- simultaneously -especially production ified subcontractor could best translate ceptance and handling a multitude of functions." our ideas into the finished system. How- detail. ever, we wanted the se- to be sure that In his 30-plus year career in broadcast- Contributing to the overall flexibility of lected contractor understood and carried ing, Swenson has built several new tele- the system are: out the basic design concepts that we vision stations, none as sophisticated as wanted We Computer flooring, with cable trays to be integral to our system. this one. He came to KTVU in 1976 from didn't want somebody else's design. A data buss loop system for system WIIC -TV, Cox Broadcasting's Pitts- burgh, Pennsylvania outlet, where he was control RCA TV Systems Engineering Selected Director of Engineering. Accessible terminal blocks for "To implement the plan, we looked for a audio and video system outputs supplier who had the capacity, the know- Building the state -of -art technical facility how and the ability to give us the two required major purchases of new equip- versatility As an example of the inherent things we were looking for: an excep- ment, including: in the new plant, Mr. Manley cites the tionally good installation job plus com- 6 -1K -47 Automatic Studio Cameras fact that production work could be han- plete documentation of what happened. simultaneously on four video switch - 5 -VPR -2 VTR's dled We selected the TV Systems Engineer- ers at four separate locations: ing group from RCA Broadcast to handle 2- Complete TK -28 Telecine Systems Production Control Room # I the project." 3 -Video Switchers Production Control Room #2 Assignment Switching System Comprising the RCA engineering team Routing CMX Editing Suite assigncd to the KTVU project were: System Master Control- utility switcher Project Leader S. C. Starr, P. T. Jackson Machine Control System -all without disturbing the on -air op- and C. R. Morris. Their responsibilities Audio Mixing, Distribution and eration. All five of the video switchers in included maintaining liaison with each Intercom Systems

www.americanradiohistory.com McCurdy audio systems are used through- Assignment Switching and Machine However, they are only a pushbutton out the plant -mixing boards, distribution Control Systems away from use anywhere in the plant. and intercom. Utah Scientific supplied Assignment switching and machine con- the assignment switcher, and Telemation trol are two key systems which give Machine Control Philosophy (Fernseh) the machine control system. In KTVU's technical plant an unusual de- "Because of the philosophy of this sta- addition, three new switchers from Grass gree operating flexibility. Ken Manley tion," Mr. Manley continues, "we were Valley were installed, along with two elaborates: very wary about having a central control GV switchers moved from the old loca- "We selected an assignment switcher unit or processor which could take our tion. that had a through -time that was only whole system down if someone pulled slightly greater than a distribution ampli- the plug or if the central processor Supplier Equipment Pre -Wired In Racks fier. This made is possible to take one crashed. The system we had at the old To facilitate putting the new KTVU output from a camera, for example - plant was of this type, so we hardwired technical plant together, the suppliers of feed it straight to a switcher via its own to all of the machines for back -up. and video switching and distribu- distribution amplifier, and to take the audio "In the new plant, machine control function equipment were required to provide second output from that camera and feed tions are handled by a computer -buss- prewired system electronics in terminal it into the assignment switcher. Then the based system, using eight data busses. racks, providing 25 ft. pigtails as outputs output of that assignment switcher is still We split the eight busses and run four in for everything in each rack. Custom 90- in time with the original signal because it one direction aroung the building and inch racks were shipped to each of three has the same through time as the DA's. four in the opposite direction. suppliers for the installation and wiring The timed sync system eliminates cross - of components. An additional quantity "Each control panel is assignable to points, and everything in the system is in of technical racks were assembled and each of the eight data busses, and each time at all times," Mr. Manley adds. wired at the RCA custom assembly plant machine assignable to those eight data in Pennsauken, N. J. "There are assignable inputs on our pro- busses -so at any one time, all you can duction switchers, as well as some dedi- lose is either one machine or one control The racks are mounted in Master Con- cated inputs -like certain cameras are panel. If anyone cuts a cable or shorts trol, easily accessible from the rear for "homed" to a particular activity. something out, you don't destroy the maintenance. Some 300 feed -through whole system and all you do is switch video outputs and 36 Thomas & Betz au- As long as a machine is in the remote over to another buss and keep on oper- dio blocks, wall- mounted, are used for control mode and has not been assigned ating." terminations, providing full flexibility to someone else, it can be delegated. If it for rearrangements and with ample ex- has been assigned, a "lockout" condi- "Altogether there are some sixty micro- pansion capability. The computer floor- tion prevents its use elsewhere. Some of processors either in control panels or in ing simplified the task of interfacing the the machines -Telecine and Tape -are machine interfaces. This is very much a rack terminations with the system wiring fully dedicated to on -air operations and distributed system which provides ex- which was installed during construction. normally are not available for other use. cellent flexibility for expanding or re-

Terminal equipment racks were pre -wired, Audio and video terminations are on blocks or TK -47 Camera Set -Up Terminals and Camera with system electronics installed, ready for easy access for maintenance or re- arrangement. Processing Units are rack -mounted in the interconnection on -site. Master Control area.

www.americanradiohistory.com arranging. In addition, the electronics for the CMX The on -air switcher is a Grass Valley system are rack -mounted in Master Con- M208/1600 -4S, and the back -up is a "In the case of Master Control -we trol. GV- I600 -7R which also serves as a util- to have redundancy, but we ac- wanted ity production switcher. complished this by putting in a second The Master Control console is an impres- panel and using a different one of the sive hook- shaped arrangement equipped The MC console includes the studio ter- data busses that were there. Everything with two switchers, machine controls for minal for a new TFT remote control is redundant; we just put two of the tape and film systems, and a comprehen- system for KTVU's 30 kW TT-30FL machine interfaces on each of the ma- sive complement of monitoring and con- transmitter. It is a state -of -art system chines that are involved in that operation trol facilities for studio video facilities that provides a graphic presentation of so that if one machine interface crashes, and for the transmitter. the remote controlled operation at all we're still on the air." times," Mr. Swenson says. "In the RCA TV Engineering was re- Systems event of a failure, the system takes you Master Control Console fabrication of the MC sponsible for the through to the point of failure and dis- is which was also assembled at Master Control a spacious area, neces- console, plays the location of switch positions, it facility in sarily so, since includes the rack and the company's Pennsauken. prompting you through the corrective ac- for the audio sys- The electronics for this console alone terminal equipment tion procedures." (The transmitter is were of 22 full equipment tems; video distribution, and for the the equivalent operated remote controlled, with only switchers. racks. video, routing and assignment the Transmitter Supervisor at Mt. Sutro handling maintenance during a normal shift.)

Also housed in the MC console is a Tek- tronix Answer II system which provides a computer reference for mcasuring and comparing parameters programmed in with the actual system performance. Mr. Swenson elaborates, "We can measure video parameters for the entire studio plant operation at any time. For example, we can measure and compare video parameters for each control room- includ- ing all switcher functions -from input to output."

Combined Telecine and Tape Operation Telecine and video tape equipment are centralized in a large area next to Master Control.

The KTVU Master Control Console is an impressive, multi-functional facility. Photo, Bielenberg.

Telecine and Videotape room. The Control /Monitoring station at right identifies A new Transmitter Remote Control system and delegated and assignable videotape and film a computer -based control and monitoring sources to provide for effective machine -air system are a part of the Master Control Console. utilization without disrupting on operations.

www.americanradiohistory.com Since the Telecine /Tape area is so criti- masters are also stored there. Films still about any tape format. Tape machines in cal to maintaining a smooth operation as comprise about 80% of the station's this cluster include: Quad; I -inch; 3- well as for providing machine facilities programming, although this is changing inch; Beta -max, and VHS. for production, it is equipped with a Con- rapidly to one -inch tape, especially for The ability to handle all types and trol /Monitoring position and is manned syndicated material. formats of video tape provides excellent by a supervisor. Videotape program playback is handled versatility. It is particularly useful to the Three RCA telecine systems are installed; by two quad and two one -inch VTR's, News operation, where they no longer two new islands with TK -28 cameras, while commercial playback functions are need be concerned about the tape format and one with a TK -27 from the old facil- handled by two ACR -25 cartridge tape of any incoming story. ity. Two other film systems are installed machines, one of which has registered With complete tape capability in place, in the VTR Edit Rooms. The TK -28's more than one million threads. An active Mr. Swenson anticipates closing down are well utilized for on -air operations, file of 5,000 cartridges is maintained, the station's film processing operation Mr. Swenson says, and are measuring up and all commercials are dubbed to within a year. to performance expectations. Along with "carts". its slate of fringe and prime time syndi- Production: A Station -Integrated Function cated programs, KTVU airs a regular Multi- Format Tape Facility Production is a major function, involv- schedule films, drawing from its li- At the far end of the Telecine /Tape of ing news and program production; exten- brary of more than 1200 major movie Room is the Utility Video Tape area, a sive in -house station promotion, and a like compact grouping of VTR's in various titles. These and number of car- client commercial production, with spe- toons, shorts and special features owned formats which just seemed to evolve as cial emphasis on retail service operations. by KTVU are stored in an air- condi- the new plant became operational, Mr. tioned, humidity-controlled environment Swenson recalls. It provides a complete At KTVU, production is a station -inte- in the Film Department. Videotapes of range of tape machines for transferring, grated function, not a separate operation, syndicated programs and commercial recording and playback on -air of just Mr. Swenson explains. "Here personnel and equipment are not specifically dedicated to station operations or commercial production. The people are interchange- Film and Tape storage able in that they can work production, area is air -conditioned cameras, in -house promotion or Master and humidity- controlled. Control, depending on the schedule."

Three Production Editing Rooms There are three fully equipped Editing Rooms in the Technical area: VTR Edit I is equipped with three VPR -2 one -inch tape machines and a Telecine system. VTR Edit 2 is for quad editing, equipped with three VR -2000 VTR's.

Edit I and 2 are also equipped with a captioning camera and table for inserting graphics. The CMX Editing Suite is a client -oriented facility which includes a Grass Valley Switcher, a McCurdy audio board and a compositor- character generator. One of the three The room is also equipped with 3 -inch production editing rooms is equipped with VTR's for off-line editing sessions. a CMX editing system. This suite also includes Quad, I -inch and 3/4-inch tape facilities audio mixing and video are available in all of the editing rooms. switching facilities. A large audio sweetening room adjoins the bank of Edit suites.

Three Production Studios KTVU operates three studios which are clustered so they can be conveniently served from the Carpenter and Paint Shops and the central prop storage area. Doorways to the studios are 14 feet tall, so sets built in the Carpenter Shop can be mounted upright on dollies and rolled into position without having to be re- assembled on the set.

Studio "A" ( 55 ft. x 80 ft.) has a 39-

(Black and white photos by Charles Haacker) 17

www.americanradiohistory.com foot ceiling and built-in plaster cyc which is angled so that sound will not bounce directly back. Its epoxy floor is true to within 1/16 -inch in any ten feet. The walls are acoustically treated to NC- 20 criteria -equivalent to that of a sound recording studio.

(The new location for the plant included Production some environmental problems which had Control Room #1. to be resolved. The building sits under (Photo, the instrument landing pattern of nearby C. Haacker) Alameda Naval Air Station, with planes flying directly overhead an a altitude of wall which opens on the News nearly identical in layout. However, PC 600 feet. In addition, the Sante Fe Rail- at one end which can then be used as the set I is larger and is equipped with the road runs by on Embarcadero Street. Ex- Room, # away from the anchor new GV -300 Full Digital Production tensive and expensive acoustic treatment for instant reports Switcher. It is most frequently used for was required to overcome these noise desk. commercials and program production, and vibration problems.) For ENG operations, KTVU uses two while PC #2 is used for News and pro- microwave- equipped vans to support a A computerized 100- dimmer lighting gram production. All monitors in both six -vehicle news gathering fleet. Since system is installed, with cabling from all rooms are located in the same positions, the station packages its news for presen- three studios coming in to the main so either control room can be used for tation during the prime 10-11 P.M. time board where it is re- patched. Portable any type of production. returned lighting control CRT terminals can be slot, most stories are taped and for editing. The vans pro- Cameras and other inputs are lined up in used either in the studios or in the control to the station video - rooms. vide the added flexibility of going live the same positions on the switch or of feeding taped material directly back ers. Cameras I , 2, and 3 -the TK -47 Six new TK -47 automatic cameras are to the station for recording and edit- automatics -are normally dedicated to used for production; three assigned pri- ing. A just -completed four -wheel van is PC #1 and assignable to PC #2 via the marily to Production Control Room #1 equipped as a mobile microwave repeat- inputs on the production switcher. An- and three to PC #2. Remote joystick er, greatly expanding news coverage other set of TK-47's is dedicated to PC controls for any of the assigned cameras capability. #2 but assignable elsewhere. Both con- are located in each control room. Re- trol room console positions include del: The News operation now is equipped dundant Set-up Terminals and the Cam- egated Remote Machine Controls and with ENG editing suites, with plans era Processing Units for the TK -47's are four joystick video controls for the TK -47 to expand to seven in the near future, rack -mounted in Master Control. Studio and TK -28 Telecine cameras. News Director Fred Zender notes. While all three studios are used for pro- For convenience, each control room also duction, one is set up for the News oper- Production Control Rooms includes a small announce booth. Rooms are ation. This studio has full width folding The Production Control Efficient Air Handling Studio "A ". (Photo, Bielenberg) Computer flooring used in the technical area is of a heavy -duty aluminum waffle construction. All cabling is carried in trays under the flooring. The space under the flooring also serves as the fresh air 1\ gm -- , plenum for the air conditioning system, Ins-wv 71i,y - with the above- ceiling space as the re- :!r ., r!. . ; - turn air plenum. "To take further ad- i . ! ... - vantage of this arrangement," Mr. i . .1 y, L t ` L. Swenson adds, we have designed our , wr ; , ,l+. racks with a four -inch space between 1 t 41 them. This space carries equipment flail, 111.f fi rywl1, ... ; La!iq,,w cables, but also serves as an air - ., ; .illrl/IR ,:,_.. ,.._,'4?! _ conditioning duct, pulling cool air up .; and exhausting to the return air duct at +:h the top of the rack. The temperature is - maintained at 55 degrees for air flowing through the equipment, keeping it comfortably cool and very stable." There are three air conditioning systems for the Technical Area, any two of which easily carry the total load. To maintain the temperature, the air volume is varied rather than changing temperature, and humidity is maintained at 40% for Master Control, machine and

www.americanradiohistory.com film and tape storage areas. the weekend, and used on the first news contender in the competitive Bay Area broadcast from the new location -with- market, frequently garnering a #2 audi- The grounding system for the technical out a break in continuity. ence share. Indicative of its performance area is an 8' x 8' grid of heavy welded and impact on the market is the fact that copper cabling, measured at .23 ohms to As Ray Swenson puts it: "People watch KTVU News has won the "Best News" earth. More than 1,000' of cable is KTVU because they prefer the quality of Emmy Award for the past two years, and buried beneath the technical area. the on -air product. The fact that we for four of the past seven years. Among moved is important only if the audience independents, it is the top -rated newscast Separate Telco Facility perceives an improvement in our per- in the country. Adjoining the KTVU Master Control formance." area is the Telco Room -the receiving and distribution center for incoming sig- The changeover was planned for mini- Quality Staff Delivers nals from all outside services-Telco, mum disruption -no small feat, since Quality Performance more thirds Western Union; satellite receiving and than two- of the equipment The turn- around for KTVU started in was other signals. This arrangement, Ray from the old plant transferred to the 1975 when Mr. Schwartz was named was Swenson observes, keeps the in -house new one. The initial move made on General Manager. Since then there has when the facilities separated, resulting in more March 8, 1981 first programs been a steady climb to the point where were was efficiency in maintenance and in manag- aired. The move completed on now, under the direction of present was ing the inside and outside operations. April 8 and handled so smoothly that management -Alan Bell, Vice President it went virtually un- noticed, which is just and General Manager and Jay Finkel - Microwave receiving dishes are mounted how the station wanted it to go. man, Station Manager -KTVU is push- on a 50' tower on the roof. All RF sig- ing hard on the network affiliate stations nals from the microwave receiving dishes Strong Programming- Fringe Thru Prime for ratings and share. terminate in a small room on the building KTVU is the only independent among points out, roof, and are distributed from there via the Cox Broadcasting stations, and has a The difference, Ray Swenson to the the the assignment switcher. This set -up large measure of autonomy in selecting can be attributed quality of makes it easy to distribute these signals and negotiating for syndicated material. people on staff. "KTVU operates with a in- house, and also eliminates the need Its first run, off -network shows, includ- leaner staff than its network competitors, its people, and they for running waveguides through the ing "Barney Miller ", "M *A *S *H" and expects more of building to the Master Control area. "Laverne & Shirley" have delivered ex- deliver -as reflected in the station's per- cellent share of market numbers. The formance record." A Smooth, Unannounced Changeover station also has been the most successful For KTVU, the original concept of a cus- No fuss was made when the changeover among independents in building audi- tomer- oriented, people- oriented broad- was made to the new location. It was ences for "Operation Prime Time" cast center with state -of- the -art technical totally and deliberately low key, with no productions. capability turned out as planned. fanfare or on -air pre- announcements. In fact, the News set from One Jack London Award -Winning News Square was dismantled and moved over The KTVU news operation is a strong

Six TK -47 cameras are used for production and news at KTVU. (Photos, Ron Willis. KTVU)

www.americanradiohistory.com COQ ESIGNS FOR EFFICIENCY Operates Commercial and STV

Tech Center Layout, WCLQ -TV, Cleveland

HEAT STORAGE EXCHANGER

FILM REVIEW COAX STUDIO LOUNGE AND EDITING TTU-110C PATCH TK-760 CAMERAS PANEL MONITOR/ CONTROL RACKS

WINDOW

TH-200 AUDIO /BC -310 MC CONSOLE ONE -INCH VTR'S CONSOLE CHIEF ENGINEER OFFICE

VIDEO LAVATORY "CART" SYSTEM

TELECINE TR -600A QUAD VTR'S LAVATORY

REEL TAPE WORKSHOP STORAGE AREA VIDEO CART STORAGE

ENTRANCE

www.americanradiohistory.com CLEVELAND

Cleveland's newest television station, produced at the Technical Center, using usually 2:00 A.M. The programs are WCLQ -TV, occupies the top of a hill in the facility as the set. On- camera talent usually supplied on one -inch tape. suburban Parma, Ohio -where most of "toured" the Center, calling attention to A quality signal is a suc- the area's TV antennas are sited. The the array of new video tape, film, produc- essential for cessful over-the -air Pay -TV operation, station operates commercial by day and tion and transmitting equipment housed Mr. Froelich notes, and TV -61 is deliv- STV at night. At 2,000,000 watts, ERP, there. Other spots previewed the pro- ering a strong signal throughout their it radiates the most powerful signal in the grams to be presented. The commercials ADI. The STV company is getting re- market. offered dynamic evidence to potential quests for hookups in Canton and clients and to viewers that WCLQ was, In constructing this new television facil- Youngstown, near the Pennsylvania bor- indeed, a first class broadcast operation, ity, the owners of TV -61 took a slightly der, and some installations well endowed with latest technology have been different approach. Instead building made near Toledo, of equipment. some 65 miles distant. just a transmitting plant at the tower site, they chose to include a complete techni- Combined Transmitter Plant and Why Cleveland? cal center. The business end of the oper- Technical Center Why was Cleveland selected as the lo- ation- Sales, Traffic, Promotion and The TV -61 technical center is a sturdy, cale for the new station? According to Administration-are located in a sepa- windowless brick building which squats Mr. Petzke, it was a matter of noticing rate leased facility in Independence- on the top of a hill that was leveled off that this 10" market was covered about five miles from the transmitter "Top down to shale rock. The building is con- by four site, and with easy freeway access to only commercial stations -three structed with a steel decking for the roof, network and independent it downtown Cleveland. This arrangement an -so which is topped by a thick layer of con- seemed likely that the market had the po- isolates and centralizes the technical crete for protection against falling ice. tential to support another station. In ad- operation and improves operating effi- Inside, it is climate-controlled and air ciency. dition, Channel 61 was 'available. conditioned, with several zones provid- The initial survey of the Cleveland mar- ing area control for comfort. TV -61 is owned and operated by Cleve- ket was made in 1974 and the license land Associates, a joint venture, with Behind the building, the Ch. 61 tower application was filed in 1976, with an- Harry and Elmer Balaban holding a ma- rises to a height of 1092 feet above the jority interest. Much of the planning, other two -year lapse to obtain Con- ground, the tallest in Cleveland. It is particularly in site selection, layout and struction Permit. topped by a custom RCA TFU -25G Pylon equipment specification was done by Al In the Spring of 1979, the present tower Antenna, the first of its type to be ra- Petzke, Director of Engineering for site was located and the process of ob- domed for protection against the ele- WTVO -TV, Rockford, Ill., another Bal- taining clearances started again. One of ments. Instead of using coax transmis- aban station. Harold Froelich, Executive the reasons for the delay was the need sion line, TV -61 opted for waveguide for Vice President for WTVO, also serves in to secure approval for the transmission its efficiency and higher power handling this capacity for WCLQ, and had a large system from the Canadian government capabilities at high frequencies. The responsibility for planning, staffing and through the U. S. State Department. This transmitter is an RCA Type TTU -110C, programming the new station. approval and that of the FCC was re- 110 kW, the first of this power level to ceived in April 1980. be equipped with high band (VA -955H) An Impressive Beginning high efficiency five- cavity klystrons. WCLQ -TV went on -air from its new In anticipation of the approval, the tower The entire transmitting plant was de- facility on March 4, 1981, starting with was ordered in September 1979 and in signed to permit ready expansion to 220 commercial broadcasts. Subscription tel- December an order was placed with RCA kW operation as a future consideration. evision programming began on the eve- for an equipment package valued in ex- ning of March 7. cess of $2 million.

The new station hit the market with a Subscription TV: A Separate Operation bang- opening with the blockbuster From the start, WCLQ was planned with movie "Deer Hunter ". The result was a a combined commercial/subscription TV smash- garnering a #1 viewing rating operation in mind, Mr. Froelich asserts. Kt prime time with the first program- The commercial program fills a market flitch to the delight of Mr. Froelich. void, providing the basic fare of inde- e presented 'Deer Hunter' on the first pendent stations-popular syndicated two nights of operation to introduce TV- sit -coms; dramas, religious programs 6l1 and its programming to as large an and movies. Many of TV -61's movies a dience as we could muster," Mr. are "classics ", which are drawing well F. oelich explained. "It was a key part of in this market. ou 'roll -out' and proved extremely ef- The subscription television operation - fe tive." PREVIEW-is totally separate from the or to going on -air, publicity and pro- TV -61 broadcast operation. An Ameri- ms Lion signalled the coming of TV -61. can Television Communications (Time - F r the opening shows, special two- Life) unit, PREVIEW buys time on ilr inute informational commercials were WCLQ from 8:00 P.M. until sign -off,

WCLQ -TV's antenna, transmitter and Technical Center share a hilltop, surrounded by a cyclone fence security net.

www.americanradiohistory.com :21-1

WCLQ -TV Technical Center is a spacious and amply equipped facility.

A "No Frills" Operation TV -61 is on -air from 7:00 A.M. until panels for the two TH -200 one -inch Visitors entering the hilltop TV -61 Tech- 2:00 A.M., with commercial program- VTR's used for on -air playback. The nical Center are immediately confronted ming carried from sign -on until 8:00 machine function controls for the other by a large room, with subdued lighting, P.M., when the STV operation begins. two TH -200's will be remoted to the MC and amply stocked with complete facili- Production is a I2 -to -20 hour a day op- console for added flexibility, should it be ties for on -air and production operations, eration and is handled by Al Evans and necessary to use either or both produc- both of which are conducted simultane- his staff. tion VTR's as on -air playback units. ously. There is no lobby or receptionist Similarly, the Play /Machine function Although a limited number of outside in this efficient, "no frills" operation. controls for the two on -air VTR's will be production assignments are handled, in- remoted to the Production Console for house production is heavy The technical and production center oc- given empha- added capability. cupies a spacious 75' by 41' room, with sis. Station programs are extensively pro- computer flooring for easy access to ca- moted throughout the broadcast schedule. The remote controls for the film pro- bling. The equipment complement in- jectors and the two TR -600A quad During the evening shift, two people cludes: VTR's are mounted in the desk to the left handle on -air operations plus tape dubs, of the MC Switcher. Above the switcher TH-200 Type "C" 1 -inch VTR's routine maintenance, equipment clean- are Preview and Line monitors and a TR -600A quad tape machines up etc. One is the MC operator. The sec- monitor showing the demodulated off -air ACR -25 video "cart" machine ond is the transmitter operator, also picture. In the same area, the waveform TK -29B telecine systems known as the "Pit" man who has the monitor, routing switcher panel and in- additional responsibility loading Chyron Graphics System of film tercom are all within easy reach of the and tape. Grass Valley Master Control, Master Control operator. Production and Routing Switchers Everyone has an opportunity to operate In addition, the operator can look through TK -760 Color Cameras all of the equipment Evans notes, rotat- the window to check the operation of the ing to different jobs to become familiar TTU -110C transmitter in the next room. 110 kW Transmitting System Installed First with all facets of the operation. Even the Chief Engineer Al Evans signed on with maintenance specialists work an on -air Further along on the MC console is the Ch. 61 during the early construction shift each week to maintain proficiency video operator position, with the joystick stages of the new station, and had a key in equipment operation as well as its remote controls for the TK -29 cameras role in setting up the technical facility. service requirements. and for the two TK -760 studio cameras.(( Evert before the building was totally At the end of the console is a keyboa4 completed, the TTU- I IOC Transmitter An Efficient, Spacious Layout for the graphics system. was moved into place and installed by In planning the Transmitter /Technical J Four TH -200 1 -inch VTR's Mr. Evans and his modest staff. Only Center layout, Al Petzke concluded that To the right of Master Control is a bank after the transmitter. inside transmission combining the Master Control and Pro- of four TH -200 Type C one -inch tape line and heat exchanger were set up and duction functions in a single area would machines, identically equipped. Each is ready for check -out was the balance of enhance overall efficiency. Operational mounted in a console housing, with a the equipment positioned and cabled. experience has confirmed the validity of TBC -200 Time Base Corrector in ,ihe The computer flooring under the Techni- this arrangement. base, and monitor and vectorscope abc ve cal Center simplified the task of cabling Along one wall of the room is a large the TH -200 tape deck. A separate rc ut- the system, Mr. Evans remarks. combined Master Control and video con- ing switcher remote panel sits at the op His present small staff of ten includes trol console. The MC Switcher is a GV- of the console, providing easy access to three technicians who handle equipment 1600-IT, audio -follow -video. To the left all house video sources at the touch of ia maintenance. of the switcher are two remote control button.

www.americanradiohistory.com Master Control Console (left and below) provides complete machine controls for operator, and a direct look -in at the 110 kW transmitter operation.

-.., -.

Two of the four VTR's arc used for program playback and two are reserved for production. All four machines are equipped with Dynamic Tracking which is well utilized for slow motion and still framing in production. The Production Console includes a GV- 1600-1X Switcher, and Chyron Graphics system. As noted previously, the remote panels for the two TH -200 tape machines designated for production are located here. Two TR -600A quad machines are used for dubbing and for playback of subscription television and broadcast program material that comes in on quad tape. All commercials, ID's, PSA's and promos are dubbed to the video "cart" machine for playback. Production Control area, with a production console TR -600 quad VTR's are used for production and and audio mixer, are located in close proximity program playback; the video cartridge tape to both the studio and the 1 -inch VTR's. machine for airing commercials. Two TK -29 Telecine Systems Two complete telecine systems are installed, each with two TP -66 l6mm projectors; the ever -popular TP -7 slide projector, and TP -55 Multiplexer. TV -61's new TK -29B film cameras are equipped with Saticon tubes. One system is dedicated to production; the other for on -air operations. With the "automatics" in the TK -29, it is seldom necessary to use the joystick remote controls at the console, Al Evans remarks. Most of the syndicated programs are still coming in on film, keeping the telecine systems well utilized. A row of racks along one wall provide a centralized location for most of the system electronics. The electronics for the MC switcher; Production switcher, and routing switcher are housed here, TK -29 Telecine Systems are well utilized for Two of the four TH -200 VTR's at WCLQ -TV are used for along with audio patch panels and the film programming and production. program playback and two are primarily production units. All are equipped with Dynamic Tracking. CCU's for the two TK -760 cameras.

www.americanradiohistory.com Photos (clockwise from top left). Film Department occupies a separate room in the Tech Center and is a key facility, since much of TV -61's programming is on film.

System electronics are centralized in this row of terminal racks along the end of the room nearest Master Control.

Custom patch panel permits any klystron tube to be switched to dummy load.

Aluminum waveguide transmission line provides efficiency and higher power handling capability at high frequencies.

www.americanradiohistory.com TV -61 operates with a 110 kW transmitter. The transmss,on sys:orn is designed for flexibility plus future expansion capability to 220 kW operation.

The studio is small, but suited to its pur- Notch Diplexer going to the Waveguide systems and other services. pose as a production support facility. Switch. The system is set up so the di- The omnidirectional Pylon Antenna for Conveniently located near the Production plexer can be by- passed in the event of a TV -61 has an 0.8° beam tilt, and is pro- Control console, it is equipped with two failure of the aural tube, in which case viding excellent coverage throughout the TK -760 cameras. TV -6I does not origi- the aural output would be switched to a ADI area. As noted previously, this was nate any live programming at this time. visual tube for combined aural -visual op- the first TFU -25G to be equipped with a eration with minimum loss in output Transmitting Plant Adaptable power. radome. Even during period of severe ic- For Future Needs ing conditions last winter, the VSWR The TTU -110C Transmitter is equipped The heat exchanger is in a separate room was negligible, according to Mr. Petzke. behind the transmitter, and the with a Mod Anode Pulser for power - directly A Solid Beginning ... With More To Come saving efficiency. The exciter for the unitized power supplies are located in Already new projects under transmitter was modified by Mr. Evans another room. By -pass check valves in some are consideration to further improve TV -6I's to work with the subscription television the heat exchanger system permit switch- operational efficiency. One such is a system. For additional redundancy, the ing pumps while on -air without shutting microwave system between the adminis- spare TTUE -44 Exciter package was pur- down. There is a separate test load pump trative office amd the Technical chased. which can be used as a replacement for Center either of the others. for transmitting programs and commer- The transmitter was delivered in Novem- cials for preview or client screening. A ber 1980, and the FCC proof of perform- similar microwave set -up would permit Waveguide Transmission Line ance completed on January 13, 1981 connecting the STV company with the Lightweight aluminum waveguide is em- when on -air program tests were started. Technical Center, permitting them to ployed for transmission line. The wave - screen upcoming programs without hav- A custom patch panel designed by Mr. guide was tuned for minimum VSWR, ing to leave the office. Also in the plan- Petzke permits any klystron tube to be aided by a computer program developed ning stage is an earth station for daytime switched to dummy load. The transmis- by Dean Sargeant Engineering. A sliding commercial programming and for the sion system is designed for flexibility terminating load was used to check STV operation. plus expansion capability to 220 kW op- VSWR for all sections of waveguide on eration in the future. Ample floor space the tower. After only a few months of operation, has been provided to accommodate a WCLQ -TV is making inroads and has The WCLQ -TV tower is a heavy -duty second 110 kW transmitter, its heat ex- achieved recognition as a competitive guyed structure designed to accommo- changer and ancillary equipment. factor in the Cleveland market. And the date the waveguide transmission line; the future looks even more encouraging. A Waveguide Hybrid is used to combine TFU -25G Pylon Antenna, and a comple- the two visual klystrons, with the output ment of radio and communications facili- going to a Waveguide Notch Diplexer ties. It can hold two 12 -bay FM antennas; for adding aural, and the output of the 25 two -way radio stations; microwave

www.americanradiohistory.com SEATTLE /TACOMA

} 41. w È ; :*'

New transmitter, tower and circularly polarized antenna for KCPQ -TV atop Gold Mountain, with a commanding view of the market area. KCPQ -TV INTRODUCES CP TO PUGET SOUND TELEVISION

www.americanradiohistory.com n 1980 Kelly Television Company From Sacramento to Seattle cense approval was received in February became the fourth family -owned sta- KCPQ -TV is Kelly Broadcasting Corn - 1980, and TV -13 went dark until No- ion a market of five commercial broad - pany's second television station; the vember 4. sters serving Seattle /Tacoma, Washing- -TV, a fam- other is KCRA Sacramento, Julie Guy signed on as Station Manager ton. "When you think about who now it went on -air in 1955. ily property since for KCPQ within days after its purchase owns what television stations today, it's by Kelly Broadcasting. The original staff phenomenal that we have such a high The company was founded by Ewing C. included two engineers, two secretaries concentration of locally owned proper- Kelly, starting with the construction of and a market research specialist. When ties in one market place," said Bob KCRA -AM, a 250 watt station which TV -13 went back on -air in November Kelly, Resident Partner and General went on -air April 23, 1945, the date of 1980, the staff had grown to sixty, and Manager. "1 think that's good President Franklin D. Roosevelt's death. -it's has been expanding gradually since then. healthy for the industry." In 1947 KCRA -FM, 96.1 MHz went on- air. A was television station application At the time of purchase, Ms. Guy notes, Getting Channel 13 on the air was a filed that same year, but was delayed for TV -13 had some major shortcomings: it challenge, one which Kelly relished. many years. KCRA-TV telecast- began was undercapitalized, had inadequate fa- "It's like finishing a good book," he ing on September 3, 1955, with the dis- cilities, and its signal was poor. Kelly said. "You start out, work like hell, then to tinction of being the first station go Broadcasting recognized the problems finish it. It's a nice feeling." on -air in color. broadcasting and was willing to make the required in- Less than nine months after Kelly After Ewing Kelly died in 1960, his wife vestment to overcome them. In addition purchased the station, the re -born Q -13 Nina and sons Bob and Jon formed a to the purchase price, nearly $4 million commenced broadcasting a maximum partnership to continue the business. The was invested in new equipment, new fa- power 316 kW ERP circularly polarized AM and FM stations were sold to the cilities and for complete rehabilitation of signal from its new tower site atop Chicago Tribune, and a search was the office and studio area which was Gold Mountain, seven miles west of started for other television properties for leased from the Clover Park School Bremerton. acquisition. District. First CP System in the Northwest $6.25 Million Purchase New Tower, Antenna and The new installation is the first CP tele- One station that was researched and be- Transmitter Plant vision transmission system in the North- came available was KCPQ -TV, owned "We recognized the need for a change in west, and the 60 kW state -of -the -art and operated by Park Dis- Clover School transmitter site and transmitting plant TTG- 30/30H parallel transmitter is the trict (Tacoma). The study indicated that even before the purchase was made," first of its type in the market. TV -13 for offered a great opportunity Bob Kelly adds. KCPQ's 708 foot guyed tower is topped improvement in a market which is grow- by a 68 foot RCA Type TBJ circularly ing and has an excellent potential. Kelly "Our consultants, Jules Cohen and As- polarized panel antenna which extends to Broadcasting's offer of $6.25 million for sociates, conducted studies and selected 2,395 feet above mean sea level -mak- the station was accepted by the school the site on Gold Mountain as the best ing it the tallest in the Puget Sound area, district in January 1979. Final FCC li- available. This was done while the appli- and maximum height (2000 the allowable New CP transmission system provides excellent coverage of the Puget Sound market. ft. above average terrain). The new tower location with its added height and the CP transmitting system bring TV-I3 clearly into the picture as a new viewing alternative for area set owners. Favorable Viewer Response Have the area viewers responded to the new Q -13? Bob Kelly, the Resident Part- ner and General Manager in charge of the Tacoma operation, is ready with the share of market figures that reflect the early and growing acceptance of KCPQ's programming. "We went on air Nov. 4, 1980 and were covered for most of the November ARB Sweep. Our share for that rating period was 5 %. In the January Sweep, share went up to 6 %, then to 7% in February. Our May ARB share was 8% metro. "The demographics for our audience is basically not different than that of the networks, since we are offering another choice. Currently our programming is heavy in movies, especially the 'classics' which seem to have universal appeal."

www.americanradiohistory.com KCPQ -TV Transmitter Building

cation was being reviewed by the FCC. The increased tower height and its new location, combined with the new state - of -the -art circularly polarized transmission system extends our coverage area by 7,000 square miles and provides a more powerful, consistent signal throughout the market. "This is a difficult terrain for broadcast-

MONITOR & CONTROL ing, with hills, valleys, water and islands. RACKS Since going on -air, we have received hundreds of letters from viewers commenting on the signal, many of whom WALL MOUNTED note that TV-13 is now giving them the POWER BOXES TTG30H TTG30H clearest picture of any station in the

COMB 30 kW 30kw market many from remote loca- RACK -and TRANSMITTER t t TRANSMITTER tions who note that they were unable to receive TV-13 at all before and now receive it clean and sharp, even on 'rabbit OPTO ear' antennas. (See Box.) SWITCHER NOTCH DIPLEXER "From the beginning we wanted a state- AIR INTAKE of -art facility, starting with a top quality

ENTRANCE signal. The equipment package put together by Director of Engineering, Bill Karpisek, including the new transmitting plant, achieves this goal. Our on -air WHAT VIEWERS SAY ABOUT THE NEW 13 picture is equal to or better than any of When TV 13 resumed broadcasting on November 4, 1980, Bob Kelly made an the stations in the market." on-camera appearance introducing the new operation and inviting viewers to com- ment on how they were receiving Q -13's new circularly polarized signal. Below is a Gold Mountain Tower Power sampling of responses compiled during the first week of operation. The KCPQ -TV Transmitter /Antenna site occupies 10.8 acres at the top of Gold SUMNER BELLINGHAM Mountain .(1687 feet AMSL), accessible "my antenna is right in the ground, "Audio perfect and picture about from a narrow logging road which slith- behind my trailer home. The reception 95% perfect. Located seven miles north - and visual contrast is flawless ..." northeast of Bellingham." ers up the heavily wooded slope. Your Ghost Free high resolution MOUNTLAKE TERRACE Clearing the top of the mountain for the Picture is beautiful. I'm seeing colors ... Your new antenna is fabulous -I transmitter building and for anchoring I've never seen on my set before." get an excellent picture now, way out here the guys was not an easy task. Getting in Mountlake Terrace. I use rabbit ears." the tower sections, the CP antenna and The very minute your station .. transmitter up required both care and in- came on it was perfect. Sound, picture, SEATTLE everything." The reception is absolutely per- genuity. fect." "I live in the Fremont area of Seat- The TBJ antenna came in a single 70 foot tle, use rabbit ears, and get a super FEDERAL WAY tower section mounted on a flat -bed trail- picture!" ... "Video: Very good. Color stability er. Navigating the sharp twists in the very good, Audio -very good." road would have been impossible with- location is North Seattle. The ... "My out using a "skyhook ". The rigger's reception is the best. Rabbit Ears -the BALLARD solution was close to that. He hired a reception is superb -no ghosts in the We live on Sunset Hill in Ballard. picture quality." You come in just great. We are just using truck with a crane to follow the antenna our Rabbit Ears." trailer. The crane was attached to the an- EDMONDS TACOMA tenna trailer, and hoisted the rear end to We could not get 13 here before. You certainly hit the jackpot with move it clear of obstructions and to Now is best channel with rabbit ears." your new antenna. We have an outside straighten out the tight turns. NORTH SEATTLE antenna that is about 20 years old and The top- mounted TBJ panel type CP an- would not bring in the old 13 at all but Our reception of your channel is tenna was specified because of special the new channel 13 is perfect." GREAT -rabbit ears only." pattern shaping requirements. The anten- TACOMA SEATTLE na is radomed and functioned without a "It's good to see 13 on the air in an .. problem throughout the first winter of "I live area just south of Seat- again. Our reception is great." tle where there are lots of hills in all di- operation, unaffected by icing conditions, rections. Your new antenna puts out a KENT some severe. clear-ghost free picture, just as you said We have no outside antenna. The it would. All other channels have lines picture we get is just unbelievable. The Transmitter Building Designed and ghosts in the picture. Channel 13 color is perfect and clear as a bell. There With Room To Share comes in clear as a bell." are no ghosts, whatsoever!! Construction of the tower and transmitter building began in July 1980. The trans-

www.americanradiohistory.com mitter building is a 50' x 50' cinderblock Q -13's CP Antenna Promotion nolia Hill and View Ridge in metropolitan construction, with no windows, with As the "new kid in the neighborhood ", Seattle, Fava says. These areas went locked and alarmed front doors for ac- KCPQ backed its investment in circularly from no signal from TV-13 to an excel- cess. The building easily accommodates polarized transmission with a $50,000 lent one, even on rabbit ear antennas. the TTG- 30/30H Transmitter with ample summer spot TV promotion aimed an en- Signal consistency is a significant advan- room for adding a second transmitter as couraging viewers to check their outdoor tage of CP transmission which is con- well as two FM transmitters. The tower receiving antennas for damage or wear, firmed by TV -13's operation, Bob Kelly is capable of handling a second TV an- and to consider purchasing new circu- states. Even with the hilly terrain, the tenna and two FM antennas. larly polarized models available from KCPQ signal covers the entire market local distributors. Another element in The transmitter layout is standard, with area, reaching all population areas. this campaign was directed to "rabbit the paralleling cabinet in the center, ear" antenna users, suggesting that TV- Program Development flanked by the two 30 kW transmitter 13 can deliver a clear, clean signal with a To capitalize on the picture quality, it sides. Opposite the front line cabinets of minor adjustment in orientation. was necessary to schedule a program mix the transmitter are the racks monitor- of that attracts and keeps viewers tuned in. ing, STL and remote control equipment. The CP antenna promotion was success- Ample room is provided at the rear of the ful, explains Paul Fava who handles "In developing the program matrix for transmitter for access. viewer reception problems among other the market to compare competitive offer- ings, duties at TV -13. is movies seemed to provide a major An Opto Switcher (Optimized RF Output One good result far fewer calls about signal problems. Be- opportunity for effective alternative pro- Switching unit) is included in the sys- remarks. fore the summer 8 10 gramming," Ms. Guy "They tem, providing motorized switching of campaign, to calls were received daily regarding reception have been quite successful for us -espe- aural and visual transmitter outputs. -more than 80% of which were cor- cially the 'classics' which we run on a The Opto Switcher and Notch Diplexer rected by having viewers fine -tune their regular basis." for the system are floor- mounted behind TV set, adjust indoor antennas, or re- As a practice, TV -13 airs fewer minutes the transmitter. Each side of the trans- place defective, corroded outdoor an- of commercials than are permitted by mitter delivers 24 kW power output. tennas. NAB code. The "8 O'Clock Movie" is Separate power inputs and circuit break- presented as "minimally interrupted" ers are used for each transmitter side, CP Transmission Provides program, with two commercial breaks with emergency power provided by a Signal Consistency for a two -hour show. In addition to the 179 kW diesel auxiliary. The new tower location and CP operation two "commercial clusters ", a News and have had a favorable effect, especially in Weather brief is inserted in one program Transmitter "Worked difficult reception areas such as Mag- break. Right-Out -Of-The -Box" Lee Pinski, Chief Engineer, feels good about the TTG- 30/30H Transmitter. And well he should. Before joining Kelly Broadcasting as Chief Engineer for TV- 13, he was the RCA Sales Representa- tive who sold the KCPQ system. Ac- cording to Pinski the TTG transmitter is simple to operate, and is reliable, with excellent signal -to -noise and Incidental Phase. It virtually worked "right out of the box" he notes, although on -site fine tun- ing was necessary. The installation was handled by RCA Service Company and the RF system was optimized, including the combining equipment. The transmitter is easy to maintain and to work on when necessary, Pinski adds. It is going on remote, unattended operation three months ahead of schedule, using the STL subcarrier for remote control. The transmitter/antenna site is some 30 miles North and West of the Tacoma studio. "Q-13's signal and coverage with the new system is excellent," Pinski affirms. "The CP antenna provides Ch. 13 with a very good signal in all areas of Puget Sound, and the antenna height provides TTG- 30/30H Transmitter is a parallel 60 kW system. for extended coverage."

www.americanradiohistory.com Technical Center KCPQ -TV, Tacoma, Wash. HALLWAY

TELECINE MASTER CONTROL CONSOLE

O O O

TH 200 1 INCH VTR'S O MONITOR & LOGGING O MC SWITCHER OTELECINE MACHINE AND CAMERA REMOTE CONTROLS

LIVE CAMERA CONTROLS AND 1K47 SET-UP TERMINAL (SUT)

ú TCR 100 TCR-100 1 CC #2 TK-28 TK-28 Y- en TELECINE TELECINE r1 =2 U

TERMINAL & MONITOR RACKS

FILM & TAPE STORAGE ALONG WALLS

TH -200 VTR's with Dynamic Tracking are used for both program playback and production.

Master Control is an integral part of KCPQ's Technical Center. Machine controls and live and film camera video controls are built into the MC console.

Two TCR -100 video "cart" machines handle a heavy volume of commercial playbacks for KCPQ.

www.americanradiohistory.com Extensive New Studio Equipment Package to use the "Auto- Check" facility. Pic- TV -13 is on film, providing a steady In addition to the major investment in the ture quality is excellent. "The camera, workload for the TK -28 telecine systems. new transmitting plant and the refurbish- with its microprocessor control, takes As an independent, TV -13 finds the ing of studio and administrative areas, a the burden off the video operator. It also TCR -100's an indispensable part of the full complement of studio equipment had makes the camera operator's job easier, operation. Just about everything is to be acquired by Kelly before going on- so much so that even less skilled op- dubbed onto the "cart" machines for on- air as a commercial operation. Included erators can produce desired results with air play -back, Lee Pinski remarks in the new studio equipment package little training." - including film and video taped commer- were: At KCPQ, the engineering staff of 25 cial spots, PSA's, ID's, trailers and 2 -TK -47 Automatic Color Cameras handles maintenance for Studio and trans- bumpers. A heavy volume of the station's 2 -TK -28 Telecine Systems mitting equipment, as well as technical production output is devoted to program 2- TCR - 100 Video "Cart" Machines operations, including camera and video promotion, which is also "carted ". 4-TH -200 Type C format VTR's tape operators as well as Production Control and Master Control operators. Expanding The News Capability TH -50 Portable VTR The next area of program development 2-TK -76C Portable Cameras Master and Technical Center Control for KCPQ is a news operation. News has 2 -Grass Valley video switchers for The Technical Center and Master Con- been and is a strong programming feature Production Contol and Master trol operations are functionally grouped of Kelly's flagship station, KCRA- Control in one large room. Sacramento, and is a logical move for Vidifont Character Generator The Master Control console includes the Q -13 in serving the Puget Sound market. System customary switching, monitoring and As an independent, we have access to ADM -1600 Production Audio machine control facilities as well as two sources of national and international Console video controls for the film and studio ncws, both coming in via satellite," Mr. BC -13 Audio Console cameras. Joystick remote control panels Kelly explains. "These services -CNN are used for the TK -28 telecine cameras and INN -are both relatively new. In ad- Only a bare minimum of equipment was and for the TK -47's. On one end of the dition, we are moving ahead with plans salvaged from the old TV-13 operation: console is the Master Control Switcher; for an expanded local news operation." two IVC -7000 cameras; a Cohu Telecine on the other is the TK-47 -Up Termi- System, and two VR -1200 VTR's. Set nal (SUT). High Expectations ... Encouraging Results Bob Kelly summarizes KCPQ's progress TK -47's: Easy To Set -Up; Easy To Operate The four TH -200 VTR's are rack - in less than a year of on -air operation: In the studio, the TK -47 cameras have mounted side -by -side and are equipped "We had high expectations for this just about taken over completely, ac- with built -in Dynamic Tracking which market -and the results so far are very cording to Lee Pinski. They're used now provides broadcast quality pictures in encouraging, in terms of ratings and in for local programming, commercial pro- slow motion, fast motion and freeze progress toward our goals. Our initial 5- duction and for news. frame. The TH -200's are used for pro- year plan called for turning a profit by gram playback and for production work, the end the second year operation. The TK -47's at KCPQ -TV are the first in of of including editing, using the built-in edit- the Northwest area, Pinski notes. "These We're running ahead of that projection, ing facilities of the machines. cameras have worked out fine for us," and are expected to reach break -even by the end of the first year." he says. "The camera is easy to set up With a heavy schedule of movie pro- U and so stable that we seldom have a need gramming, most of the material aired by

Two TK -47 automatic cameras effectively handle local programming, commercial production and news.

www.americanradiohistory.com PUBLIC and COMMERCIAL STATIONS COOPERATE To Build NEW TOWER and TRANSMITTING PLANT

The newest tower and transmitter ing Company property. building on Milwaukee's TV anten- A unique aspect of this situation is that na "farm" is shared by a commercial all three of the stations involved are both and two public television stations. For landlords and tenants to each other, with the three stations involved, getting on -air the public stations owning the land and from a new site was an extended, tortu- Ch. 18 owning the tower and transmitter ous route the results have made it a -but building. worthwhile effort. In making the move to the new site, the The two public stations-Ch. 10 (WMVS- stations have installed new RCA anten- TV) and Ch. 36 (WMVT -TV) are op- nas, transmission line and transmitters erated by Milwaukee Area Technical valued at $2.5 million. College -and the commercial station, i Ch. 18 (WVTV) is a Gaylord Broadcast- "Tee" -Bar Antenna Mount -i . The new tower rises 1013 feet above f ground and is topped by a "Tee" -Bar on . i which are mounted the Ch. 18 (TFU - Three -antenna array iwaukee's "T-Bar- tower 36.1DAS) and the Ch. 10 (TW -12A) an- includes a UHF Type I hU- 36JDAS Pylon on left, VHF TW -12A Traveling Wave on right, and Pylon tennas. The Ch. 36 antenna (TFU -28 TFU -28DAS side -mounted on tower below the "T'. DAS) is side -mounted on the West tower leg 90 feet below the "Tee" -Bar. In addition to the three TV antennas, one circularly polarized FM antenna is installed on the tower, with provision to accommodate two more.

Cooperative Planning For New Site Planning for the new transmitting facility has been an on -going project for several years. Bill Witt, Director of Engineering for WVTV and Harold Wagner, Chief Engineer for both WMVS and WMVT, have been mutually involved in seeking a new site for their stations since 1973. In 1978, the Milwaukee Area Technical Breaking ground for the new tower on March 31, 1980 are (left to right) Harold College (MATC) acquired a 32 acre Wagner, Chief Engineer for WMVS/WMVT property at the northwest end of the an- Joseph Loughlin (then General Manager of tenna farm -the last usable site in the MILWAUKEE WVTV), and Bill Witt. Director of Engineering for WVTV. area. Known locally as "Blue Hole ", it

www.americanradiohistory.com had been a limestone quarry and a land- are located on the top of the Marc Plaza TW-12 Traveling Wave Antenna on the fill. Hotel in downtown Milwaukee. "T" Bar, reception has been excellent throughout the coverage area, Mr. Wag- The acquisition of the desirable "Blue is WVTV's Pylon Antenna modified for ner reports. The shaped vertical pattern Hole" site, expedited action on the proj- vertical gain instead of the stand- a 30.5 of the TW -12 eliminated dead spots and ect. Gaylord Broadcasting leased the ard 36 gain. Horizontal gain is 1.9, with ghosting. property from MATC and provided space null fill and 0.5° beam tilt. for them on the tower and in the trans- The changeover to the new system was For Ch. 10 and 36 Power; mitter building which were to be sited -Added made on April 1, 1981 during a WMVS- there. The "antenna farm" location for Improved Signal produced program, with a brief cere- the new tower solved a number of prob- The move to the new tower was a short mony where the board chairman pressed lems, Mr. Witt notes. In particular, it is one for Ch. 10 and Ch. 36 -only a shift the button signalling the changeover. in an FAA approved area, which simpli- of about a half-mile to the Northwest. fied clearances. And, since the other Previously operating from the WITI -TV For Ch. 36, the change was even more local stations operate from this area, (Storer Broadcasting) tower, the two dramatic. The coverage area is extended home viewer antennas are oriented toward public stations had long wanted to relo- from 30 miles to a predicted 48 miles. that direction for best reception. cate to gain antenna height. The increase in tower height (from 440 feet to 890 feet) was accompanied by a For Ch. 10, moving to the new tower, Increased Power And Coverage For Ch. 18 major increase in power output -from even with increased height, did not result With its new TTU -55C 55 kW Transmit- 316 kW to 2,340 kW ERP. A part of the in a substantial increase in coverage area, An- increase in coverage is credited to the ter and custom TFU- 36JDAS Pylon Mr. Wagner says, since the station had tenna, WVTV increased its coverage added efficiency of the new TFU -28DAS been operating at the maximum ERP of area, with a substantial improvement in Pylon Antenna and new 60 kW TTU -60D 316 kW visual. The predicted signal signal quality throughout, according to Transmitter. radius was extended from about 52 to 60 Mr. Witt. The ERP was increased from miles from the transmitting site. Channel 36's TFU -28DAS Pylon An- 1,892 kW with to 2,500 kW. Along its tenna radiates a skull pattern, and is null - additional advantage of being located on A major difference was in the picture oriented to the middle of the tower. A the antenna "farm", the new antenna is quality. Previously there had been areas study was made by the RCA Antenna 482 feet taller than the old one- reach- where the Ch. 10 picture was difficult to Engineering group at Gibbsboro to de- ing a height of 1,008 feet Above Average receive: some "dead" spots and some termine the best spacing for minimum Terrain (AAT). The replaced tower and areas where there were "ghosting" prob- pattern disturbance. antenna (still maintained as a standby) lems. Since changing to the radomed

Standing on catwalk at the tower base are Bill Witt; Director of Engineering and Dennis Brechlin, Transmitter Supervisor for WVTV; Gino Monaco, Transmitter Supervisor, and Harold Wagner, First section of tower is moved into position on the base Chief Engineer for WMVS/WMVT.

www.americanradiohistory.com it,

Heavy -duty catwalk from transmitter building to tower protects transmission line from ice damage.

feet from the tower base at 20 degree Pylon antenna is side -mounted on the spacings for further grounding protection. West tower leg below that of Ch. 18. The three FM antennas will also be lo- is ten feet at the base. The tower facing cated on the West tower leg. Six layers of guy wires were used, in three directions, a total of eighteen guys. Circularly Polarized FM Antennas One of the guys had to be stretched across WEZW -FM, the first radio station on -air the Milwaukee River and anchored in from the tower operates with an RCA Lincoln Park, requiring a special ease- Type BFM -4B, four -bay circularly po- ment. This guy was a particular problem, larized antenna which is equipped with requiring extensive excavation and tak- de- icers, and was optimized by RCA. ing 102 cubic yards of concrete for A Heavy -Duty Tower Structure anchoring. Terry Baun, Chief Engineer for WEZW- The heavy-duty guyed tower was de- FM selected the BFM because he wanted Bell type dampers are used for high fre- signed and constructed by Kline Tower a high -power, heavy -duty antenna which quency damping, Mr. Witt says, and Company, Columbia, South Carolina, is capable of being expanded at a later new sand dampers are being installed for and is the fifth tower which that company date if desired. He also wanted a low Q low frequency damping. These consist has built for Gaylord Broadcasting. antenna, since icing is a problem in the of sand -filled pulleys on each guy which Milwaukee area. The new system went The tower has a 60-43 windloading with are connected to concrete -imbedded pad on -air in June, and Mr. Baun confirms a half -inch of radial ice and Mr. Witt eyes under each set of guys. The con- that he is well -satisfied with the results. specified that it be designed with a 25 crete imbedments are located 70 feet The station moved from the nearby Ch. 6 percent extra windload provision for fu- from the base of the tower. The sand - tower to obtain increased antenna height ture CP operation. A computerized dy- filled pulley system is designed to pre- and improved coverage. namic study was performed by Kline to vent guys from "galloping" under severe project the tower reaction to a full range stress conditions. Spacious, Sturdy Transmitter Building of wind loadings and severe environ- Constructing the transmitter building on The "Tee" -bar at the top of the tower mental conditions. This is the second the "Blue Hole" landfill site was not (1,013 feet above ground) is a substan- such dynamic study conducted by Kline, without its problems, Mr. Witt remarks. tial structure feet wide and ten feet the first being for the multiple antenna -ten The building is 5,400 square feet, com- deep, with a steel plate at the top and a structure on Mt. Sutro, serving the San partmented with separate spaces and en- metal grid at the bottom. The Ch. 18 trances for WVTV; WMVS /WMVT, Francisco -Bay area. -12 TFU- 36JDAS Pylon and Ch. 10 TW and for the three FM transmitter rooms. The tower rests on ten "I" beam steel Traveling Wave antennas are mounted pilings driven down to bedrock -44 feet on either end of the "Tee ", separated by The 129 foot by 42 foot building is a underground. Copper grounding wires thirty feet from center -to- center. The solid structure, with a peaked roof rest- are cad -welded to the "I" beam pilings, "Tee" -bar was assembled on the ground ing on concrete -block walls faced with and grounding radials are laid out to 120 and installed in two pieces. The Ch. 36 dark brown bricks. The roof is con-

www.americanradiohistory.com Transmitter building is currently shared by three TV transmitters Monitor and control facilities for Ch. 18 and an FM transmitter, with additional space available for and front line cabinets for TTU -55 another FM transmitter operation. transmitter are built -in for aesthetics and sound deadening.

structed of 2' inch tongue and groove planking, topped by a rubber roofiing material and is capable of withstanding 500 pounds of falling ice, Mr. Witt says. The building is separated from the tower by sixty feet to provide for transmission line expansion.

The building itself sits on 32 steel "I "- beam pilings going down to bedrock - 37 to 42 feet below ground level. As with the tower, the building is grounded Front line cabinets for with copper wires cad -welded to the pil- TTU-55C. Note cabinet spacing, with room ing at bedrock. provided for easy installation of a Constructing the building over a landfill second TTU -55C. added an extra consideration -the need to install a system to monitor and pump the methane gas out on a regular basis to In the transmitter room, the planning for citer with the new system. And, for im- prevent a potentially hazardous pressure expanding to CP is even more obvious. mediate and future power savings, the build -up. The present transmitter installed is a 55 Mod Anode Pulser unit is installed. kW, Type TTU -55C, but the entire plant The main power transformer for the The diplexer (ceiling mounted) and heat is laid out with easy conversion to a 110 transmitter building carries 26,000 volts, exchanger are both designed for 110 kW kW system in mind. The second trans- which is stepped down to 480 V. Each of operation. Two complete, switchable mitter could be installed in two days, the three television operations has 480 V, water installed, with three Mr. Witt says. systems are 500 Amp electric service, while each FM pumps: one for on -air operation; one for station has two lines of 280 V, 200 Amp For example, the aural cabinet of the the dummy load, and a spare. A voltage Service. Power comes in to a common TTU -55C is separated from the visual regulator controls system power within source and splits off to each occupant. cabinets, with space provided in between t 1 V. Wherever feasible, redundancy for moving in the new system compo- has been built into the system, Mr. Witt WVTV Builds With CP Operation In Mind nents. Water lines and plumbing are al- remarks. In planning the tower and transmitting ready installed behind the front cabinets system, WVTV provided for the future A air room was built by Ch. 18 for ease in adding the second TTU -55. separate option of going to circularly polarized instead of the usual ducting system for operation. As previously noted, the tower The front line cabinets are walled in for delivering air to the condenser. And, in- structure is designed with reserve capac- appearance and sound isolation, and stead of an electric pump, a compressor ity to handle a CP antenna. space is provided for adding a spare ex- is used to open the air louvres. The flow

www.americanradiohistory.com of incoming air is controlled by two "blenders" at the intake. For economy, provision is made for re- circulating warm air from the heat exchanger to heat the transmitter room in the winter. Channel 18's TTU -55C transmitter is operating at 52 kW output to achieve the ERP of 2.5 megawatts.

Ceiling- mounted diplexer (left) and heat exchanger (right) are designed for 110 kW operation.

MATC Transmitters MATC ordered their antennas, transmission line and transmitters well in advance Share Space of construction, placing the order with and Facilities RCA in 1978. Channel 10's TT-35FH 35 kW Transmit- ter and Ch. 36's TTU-60D, 60 kW Transmitter were delivered by RCA just one day apart, in December 1980. Al- though this created a temporary log -jam in the MATC transmitter area, it was a relatively smooth move -in, Mr. Wagner recalls. Installation of both transmitters was handled by the WMVS /WMVT technical staff. The transmitting area is shared by the two transmitters, with additional space available for expansion, should this be desirable in the future. The transmitters are laid out in an "L" configuration with the front cabinets built -in for sound isolation. The monitor and control racks for the two transmitters are also set up in an "L" arrangement, which makes it easier and more convenient for the operator to check and cali- brate the equipment. Common remote control facilities are WMVS/WMVT share transmitting space, with their TT -35FH, used for the TT-35FH and the TTU -60D, 35 kW VHF transmitter and TTU -60D, 60 kW UHF transmitters and both transmitters are remote con- also sharing monitoring and control facilities. trolled from the MATC studio, located in the Milwaukee Area Technical Col- lege complex in the downtown area of the city. In planning the move -in, floor markings were used to show the location of all transmitter cabinets and other equipment for easy spotting and positioning.

35 kW VHF Transmitter Channel 10's TT-35FH transmitter is a parallel system comprised of two 17.5 kW units. The system is operated at 32.9 kW output to maintain the 309 kW ERP. The system includes the Opto- Switcher -an optimized RF output switching unit that provides for motorized switching of aural and visual transmitter outputs. The redundancy of the TT-35FH is an excellent feature, and insures reliable, uninter- rupted service to the public, Mr. Wagner comments.

www.americanradiohistory.com Immori

Patch panel for TTU -60D Transmitter . potential viewers, while those closer in are receiving a noticeably more stable TV picture and a cleared audio signal. An unexpected response to Ch. 10's new on -air signal came during the changeover program on April 1, from a cable company in Muskegon, Michigan, on TT -35FH (above) and TTU -60D (below) are installed in a "L" the other side of Lake Michigan. The configuration for operational convenience. Front cabinets cable operator recorded the program and are built -in for sound isolation. showed the signal going from "snow" to a clear picture as the switch was made. A Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, master antenna distributor reported that there was a 9 dB increase in signal strength for Ch. IO at his location. He also reported Ch. 36 as going from an unusable picture to a good one with the new system.

Cooperative Venture Mutually Beneficial In announcing the cooperative effort which resulted in the new tower and transmitting facility, Ralph Bowes, then Chairman of the Milwaukee District Board of Vocational, Technical and Adult Education, said, "The cooperative venture with the Gaylord Company offers several attractive benefits. With Gaylord financing the cost of the tower and transmitter building in exchange for the use of our property, we're saving the District's taxpayers about $900,000." Joseph Loughlin, the former General Manager of WVTV commented: "Since the early days when Channel 18 was owned by the Columbia Broadcasting System, the station has operated at a dis- The previous Ch. 10 transmitter and an- the electric bill was projected to be 1.7 advantage because of FAA limits on an- were installed in while tenna 1957, Chan- times that of the previous system. It is tenna heights in downtown Milwaukee. nel 36 installed their previous antenna in turning out to be even less than that, Mr. The new tower eliminates that disad- 1963, and the transmitter in 1965. In each Wagner notes. For added efficiency, the vantage. We've had a fine relationship case, it was not cost-effective to move the station is planning to install an aural with WMVS and WMVT over the years, transmitters to the new location. coupler in the TTU -60D. and we are happy to be able to be of help in making this joint venture a reality." An Efficient 60 kW UHF System "Nothing But Good Comments Channel 36's new 60 kW transmitter is From Viewers" "The new design antennas and the re- equipped with a Mod Anode Pulser and is Although field strength measurements placement transmitters, along with the operated at full power. "We are looking will be made later, Mr. Wagner is confi- substantial increase in height, will dra- for all the efficiency we can get," Mr. dent that they will bear out predicted matically improve both stations' audio Wagner avers. He is pleased with the effi- results. To date, he says, we have had and picture quality, radiated signal and ciency achieved with the new transmit- nothing but good comments from view- area coverage," Dr. Otto Schlaak, Gen- ters, particularly in the case of Ch. 36. ers on the picture quality of both Ch. 10 eral Manager of WMVS /WMTV noted. The new system attains 2,340 kW ERP, a and Ch. 36. For these three Milwaukee broadcasters, substantial increase over the 316 kW With its new transmitting system, results of their cooperative venture ERP, of the replaced transmitting system. Ch. the 36's extended signal radius is providing have more than measured up to expecta- With the large increase in power output, service to a significant number of new tions. D

www.americanradiohistory.com NEW PRODUCT OVERVIEW The many faces of HAWKEYE: HCR -1, one -piece Recording Camera System; HC -1 Portable Camera; HR -1 Portable VTR; HR -2 Studio VTR, and HE -1 Edit Controller.

AWK Y THE BROADCAST - QUALITY RECORDING CAMERA SYSTEM

www.americanradiohistory.com From the earliest days of ENG and EFP, managers were surveyed. Asked to rate affecting durability and reliability to when the two -piece portable camera/ relative importance of key design fea- eliminate the major contributors to VTR system began replacing film in the tures, respondents agreed that low weight field and studio downtime. field, the industry set its sights on the and high camera sensitivity were essen- 5. A highly flexible system with the ap- day when video, with its appealing ad- tial to a practical and useful system. The propriate options to accommodate a vantage of instantaneous pick -up and primary concern of these professionals, variety of application requirements playback could also offer the maneuver- however, was recording performance. On and to protect users' unamortized in- ability and reliability inherent to self - this, the majority agreed -improvement vestments in cameras and VTRs. contained film systems such as the CP -16. over 3/4-inch picture quality was not only RCA's goal of producing an integrated desirable, it was sorely needed. With the achievement of these design camera /VTR system dates back to a time goals, the era of "electronic cinema- Designing the HAWKEYE System before the development of the TK -76. tography" emerges. The HAWKEYE re- a However, practical implementation of With its user study results as basis, cording camera system, with its advanced the concept was continually frustrated by RCA formulated its five major design technology allowing broadcast quality the limitations of available technology- objectives. system performance and reliability, prom- until only recently. This article offers an I. The miniaturization of camera and re- ises substantial reward for the user. overview of the innovative technological corder to allow the development of an achievements as well as the design integratcd, singlc-piece system small One -Unit, One -Person Field Production philosophy from which the HAWKEYE enough and light enough to be easily With HAWKEYE, field production is recording camera system evolved. handled by one person. brought full circle. The freedom of mobility once possible only in film is now The User As Specifier 2. Camera performance that would meet obtainable in video due to an integrated It has top -rate video standards. A new gen- always been the RCA philosophy design that combines camera, video cas- eration of broadcast quality recording (as well as a sound business practice) sette recorder, microphone and batteries performance that would succeed in that advancement in the state -of -the -art into one shoulder- mounted unit. Includ- would not fulfill the practical require- maintaining the integrity of the cam- ing lens and viewfinder, the unit is only era's high quality signal in the video ments of the market without close collab- two -thirds the weight of the lightest oration with market users during product recording. comparable two -piece broadcast field development stages. Therefore, final de- 3. A total system design, including production system. Low weight and the sign parameters of the HAWKEYE re- complete studio editing facilities, to total elimination of the troublesome cam- cording camera system were not set until assure uncompromised broadcast qual- era /recorder umbilical cord, provides the after an indepth study of user preferences ity performance from signal pickup, one -person crew with an easy handling, was conducted in 1978. Hundreds of and recording, to final edited output. highly dependable field system. camera operators, news and production directors, chief engineers, and faciliity 4. The refinement of design techniques Careful attention has been given to

HCR -1 -a one -unit, one -person field production system.

www.americanradiohistory.com 6 W T TE

Camera viewfinder displays an array of At useful information.

Camera controls are clustered for opera- TAPE tional convenience.

VTR is activated from the camera lens.

Snap -in battery.

operator comfort, convenience and con- There are an array of lenses and batteries very innovations contributing to the trol. The HAWKEYE HCR- I Recording available which were especially devel- system's outstanding video quality. Camera System sits easily on the shoul- oped for the HCR - I . The Angenieux lens der. Its low profile, low center of grav- has a 15 x 7 (7 to 105mm) focal length Closing the Performance Gap ity and excellent balance combine to re- with an aperture of f/I.4. The lens has a Current 3/4-inch video recording system duce operator fatigue on lengthy shoots. minimum focusing distance of 32 inches performance falls below that of portable Operating controls are within fingertip and built -in 2X extenders. Fujinon Opti- three -tube cameras, causing a perform- reach, and include switchable +9 and cal offers two lightweight lenses -the ance gap between cameras and recorders. +18 dB gain modes, contrast compres- 14X and 12X lens. Both provide f/1.4 HAWKEYE closes this performance gap sion and pushbutton automatic white and apertures. The longer of the two, 14X7, with a design-matched camera and re- black balance. Other automatic features has a built -in 2X extender for a basic corder, each achieving a high level of include flare, iris and comet tail suppres- range of 14mm to 196mm. The 12X7 broadcast standard video quality. sion. A six position filter wheel accom- servo zoom lens offers a 7 to 84mm The HAWKEYE HC- I camera is a total- modates special effects or light correc- zoom range. Both lenses will focus down ly new design. The three -tube unit uses a needs. to a minimum of 0.8mm. /manual tion Servo new generation of '/ -inch Saticon® or zoom control is standard on each; focus The viewfinder for the HAWKEYE HC- I diode gun Plumbicon® tubes. These is manual, but a compact servo is of- camera is self- contained, and has a high tubes not only lower the weight and fered. resolution 1.5" image display area plus power consumption of the camera, their an array of LED's that indicate useful Both Nicad (1.5 amp hours, 30 minutes excellent performance helps the HC- I information such as low battery, video running time) and silver -zinc (4.5 amp meet professionals' demand for high record confidence for the VTR, tape end, hours, 90 minutes running time) bat- sensitivity and resolution. The Amperex amount of tape remaining, VTR mal- teries are available. The batteries are Plumbicon® tube features a diode elec- function warning and audio channel small, lightweight and triangular- shaped tron gun for low lag and excellent resolu- peaks. for easy mounting in a dove -tail position tion; low output capacitance for a high within the camera's shoulder mount. In signal to noise ratio; isolated front end Video recording is initiated by depressing addition, larger battery belts may be mesh contact and evaporated wall elec- a button on the camera lens. Each video used to power the system via cable con- trode for reduced line pick -up, and cassette provides twenty minutes of re- nectors. electrostatic focus for both low weight cording time, and slips in and out for and excellent resolution. The RCA Sati- quick loadig and unloading. Two audio In achieving the operational goal of a to- con offers the best resolution in this tracks and a dedicated SMPTE/EBU tally integrated system, HAWKEYE per- format, and lag performance which is Time Code Track are standard. The built - formance goals are realized fact, the -in actually lower than most -inch tubes. in Time Code Generator adds time code major technological advances employed b in the field to save editing and produc- to reduce the size and weight of the New preamplifier circuits in the HC -1 tion time in the studio. HAWKEYE camera and recorder are the contribute to the camera's high S/N ratio

www.americanradiohistory.com (250 m) VHS cassettes, the Chroma- Track format moves the tape at a linear speed of 8 ips (six times faster than normal VHS record speed) to yield 20 minutes of recording time per cassette. ChromaTrack does not use the hetero- dyne color (or amplitude modulated color under) system; rather luminance and chrominance are recorded on the tape through new methods of processing. The resulting improvement in color res- The HR -1 VTR uses a standard olution and signal -to -noise response pro- six -hour (250m) videocassette which provides 20-minutes vide broadcasters with a new generation New V2 -inch Saticon" or Plumbicon' tubes of recording time. are available for the HC -1 Camera. of broadcast quality field recording performance that surpasses N -inch re- Unique ChromaTrack Recording System corders, offering IO dB better signal -to- To maintain the dynamic range, resolu- noise and a 3:1 improvement in chromi- tion and color fidelity of the camera nance resolution, picture distortion, and pickup in the recording, the HAWKEYE multi -generation chrominance to lumi- HR -I VTR employs a unique recording nance delay. (The accompanying chart technique called ChromaTrack, which shows performance comparisons based separately records the Y, I and Q video on RCA tests of three top -rated N -inch components. Utilizing standard six -hour VTRs).

PERFORMANCE COMPARISON CHART

HAWKEYE 414" VTRs Chrominance Signal /Noise 48 dB 38 dB Resolution (Chrominance) and sensitivity, while precision align- (Bandwidth) I MHz 0.33 MHz ment of tube and yoke assemblies pro- Geometric Fidelity vides unprecedented registration accu- (C -L Distortion) 2% 6% racy for the tube size utilized. The total result of these improvements is a camera Third Generation that in some areas exceeds the perform- (C -L Registration Error) 90 nsec 300 nsec ance of cameras utilizing three 35 -inch tubes. The high levels of performace achieved Compatibility of all HAWKEYE sys- Camera resolution is 53% at 400 lines (5 in the HC -I camera and HR -I VTR re- tem components assures uncompromised MHz) *. Registration error is a low 0.1% sult a performance- matched system which broadcast quality from original through in Zone 1, 0.2% in Zone 2, and 0.3% in meets broadcast standards for the first multiple generation dubs. Whether the Zone 3. There's no compromise in pic- time. The advantages that total perform- HR -2 is used with the HE -1 in the editing ture clarity, sharpness -or in low light ance compatibility offers the user will do suite, operated as a free standing studio capability. At f /l.4 HAWKEYE achieves much to advance ENG /EFP images. VTR for origination or production appli- 46 footcandle sensitivity with a S/N ratio cations, or integrated into a multi -format of 52 dB. Studio Performance Matching post -production system, its system com- RCA carries HAWKEYE performance patible design achieves a substantial Additional innovations which contribute compatibility down the production line performance advantage. to picture quality and color matching are with recording equipment for the studio. an and extremely precise dichroic prism Along with the HC -1 Camera, the HR -I Extra Performance Value new color encoder. The encoder is self - In- Camera VTR and the integrated one - Further advantage is found in the opera- adjusting, with no manual adjustments at piece HCR- I Recording Camera, the tional capability and extra performance all. HAWKEYE product line includes the features built into HAWKEYE's studio HR -2 Studio VTR and the HE- I studio edit controller and video tape recorders. edit controller. *Standard burst chan, center of raster, excluding For precise operation, HR -2 studio error in lens. Resolution ( "Modulation Transfer Function ") of all lenses varies with zoom position. Offering performance that matches the VTRs feature full direct drive of the For complete accuracy, multiply RCA resolution high levels attained in the HAWKEYE video head drum, capstan and reel motors; number by lens manufacturer's MTF. recording camera, the HR -2 studio VTR head switching in the vertical interval; as utilizes the ChromaTrack format to de- well as electronic record interlock. Fast liver exceptional video quality, consist- response to machine mode commands is ently. Complementing that performance a result of a microprocessor -based design is the microprocessor -based HE- I edit that allows mode changes without going controller, providing full editing capa- to stop. The advantage is smoother tape bility for HR -2 recorders. handling which saves wear and tear, and

www.americanradiohistory.com The HR -2 is a versatile, full- function VTR which can be used in the studio or in a mobile unit.

speeds editing. The microprocessor-based HE -1 Edit Controller HR -1 with cover removed. Precision electronic editing on the HR -2 provides full editing capability for the HR -2. Compact design with is enhanced by the built -in SEARCH and fewer moving parts large improves reliability JOG functions. A single Search/ and performance. Jog control dial is used for both functions, providing bi- directional search .i-ßä capability over 'a full range of speeds LI , , ( ±8 X). Jog and Search functions can be handled from either the HR -2 control panel or from the HE-1 edit controller. The bold new upright configuration of the HR -2 VTR allows convenient front access to cassette carriage and controls during operation. And because tape transport and controls are vertically con- figured and the cabinet more compact, the HR -2 can be mounted in virtually any space. Rack, table-top, or under desk mounting are examples of HR -2 flexibility. The HR -2 easily fits into mobile units. It can operate with the HAWKEYE camera, the RCA TK -86, TK -76, TK -47, or other cameras with standard video out- Optical system for HC -1 puts for on- location or in- studio produc- Camera is totally sealed tion. With the optional built -in HT -I Digital Time Base Corrector, the HR -2 recorder can be used for direct on -air broadcast. Additional flexibility permits the cost effective insertion of titling and special effects during recording, instead of in real time. The HR -2 may also be used with any time base corrector which feeds a subcarrier out. Providing microprocessor control of two HR -2 VTRs, HAWKEYE's HE -I control track edit controller is ideally suited to news or production operations. Pre- cise edit points can be located quickly using two Search /Jog control dials with

HR -2 Studio VTR, with lower panel dropped, showing front access to 42 plug -in modules.

www.americanradiohistory.com ten selectable speeds for moviola-type tory for unprecedented registration accu- Simple adaptors permit the separation of editing from 1/16 to 8X play speed for- racy in a small tube size. The optical the HC- I camera and HR- I VTR, so the ward and reverse, with still capabilities system is closed by a dust proof one - recorder can be slung over the shoulder, and viewable picture at all editing quarter wave quartz window, which re- carried on a cart or by another indi- speeds. The Jog feature allows frame - duces polarized glare. vidual. In this configuration, mainte- by -frame movement and control of the nance may be done to one module with- The camera mainframe and recorder tape in both forward and reverse via the out interrupting the operation of the transport are made of a rugged die -cast control dials. LED indicators, above the other. aluminum, while the recording camera dials, display tape speed. Editing deci- The availability HC- I camera, HR exterior is enclosed in a cover of graphite of -I sion points can be located "on- the -fly" recorder and HR -2 studio VTR as separ- epoxy. Graphite epoxy, a space age mate- with dither the playback or record VTR ate rial which is extensively used in satellites products permits optimum utilization serving as the reference. and new aircraft, is lightweight, ex- of existing equipment, protecting investments in equipment that has not reached The HE- I performs split audio/video tremely durable, and flexes but does not the end of its life span. Professionals edits as well as automated insert and break. Operational switches are also add -on edits and provides full preview sealed and recessed to protect against who require new camera may choose to functions. breakage under heavy use. start with the HAWKEYE HC -1 camera. It can be used live, with a microwave In the studio, HAWKEYE features, ca- Simplicity is also the keynote of me- system, or any VTR operating within the pability, and system compatible per- chanical operation in HAWKEYE HR -2 facility. Another alternative is to begin formance combine to expand creative studio recorders. Here, as in the field re- with the miniaturized HR -1 recorder. It control and post -production efficiency. corder, the number of working parts can be operated with the TK -76, TK -86 This no- compromise video production have been reduced. Simplified threading or any other camera with a composite system enables the user to respond to and microprocessor control, allowing output. In either case, the recording market needs better, faster and more continuous operation during mode camera option is always available with economically. changes, reduces wear to the threading the addition of the other half of the mechanism and produces a machine that system. Challenging Reliability Standards is extremely quiet in operation. No belts Completely compatible with the NTSC Certainly the other factor affecting op- are used. major and All recording play- standard equipment, the HR -2 studio re- erational economy is the length of time back functions are driven directly. corder offers similar application flexibil- equipment can be relied upon to keep Transport and one -piece chassis ity. It may be used with the HC -I camera, operating. The benefits durability and re- are constructed rugged die -cast aluminum. TK -86, or any other camera for studio or liability offer are key to equipment cost of components on- location production. As the compan- effectiveness. The design approaches Critical and mechanical parts ion to HAWKEYE recording cameras and taken in HAWKEYE advance reliability are mounted onto the chassis which helps ensure the field recorders, the HR -2 allows play- to challenge standards set by conven- stability of their alignment back of HAWKEYE recorded cassettes tional equipment. and the overall durability of the unit. The use of ultra -stable circuits throughout for viewing of program material or, The integration of camera and recorder helps to lengthen the life of components. when equipped with a TBC, on -air broad- completely eliminates reliability prob- cast capability. Easy accessibility to plug -in circuitry is lems caused by cables to recorders. Cable The ENG editing suite may be operated facilitated by the upright configuration of problems were reported as common to in the dual format by replacing one /- the cabinet. The entire top section of the 88% of broadcasters polled in a survey inch VTR with the HR -2, and later con- HR -2 swings up and the lower section on equipment reliability conducted by verting to the ChromaTrack format with panel drops down to reveal the module Dr. Vernon Stone for the RTNDA (Ra- the addition of a second HR -2. dio and Television News Directors Asso- nest. Front access to all modules means A post production system equipped with ciation). Some broadcast stations surmise that most maintenance can be done while the machine is in use, when it is HAWKEYE studio VTR's with TBC's, that by eliminating the cable problem, even mounted in a rack. Maintenance con- may be linked to a switcher/effects downtime could be cut in half. venience is a key to reduced downtime in system and sophisticated editing system Getting the recorder off the ground and the HR -2. for expanded ChromaTrack editing capa- on the shoulder prevents mechanical bility or for use in a multi - format post - damage caused by the rugged use often The System Build Concept production system. demanded of field VTRs. Mechanical HAWKEYE is a total system concept de- damage rates as the leading contributor signed with the flexibility and versatility One Step Ahead to breakdowns in field recorders, accord- to handle a wide range of application re- While the building block concept em- ing to broadcasters polled by Dr. Stone. quirements. The system offers a number ployed in HAWKEYE accommodates of configuration alternatives providing many preferences and economies, the Further reliability is ensured in the simple an opportunity for users with substantial prime operational benefits derived are mechanical operation of HAWKEYE's unamortized investments in ENG and the new levels of convenience, perform- in- camera recorder. The HR -I utilizes EFP equipment to build their HAWKEYE ance and reliability the HAWKEYE sys- fewer moving parts and an all new trans- system capability in easy steps. tem affords. port design that reduces wear to the By basing design objectives on the threading mechanism. Another HR- I All HAWKEYE components have a market's needs, and employing highly feature is a self- diagnostic routine to ver- standard video output, accommodating progressive technology to meet those ob- ify that the field recorder's microproces- use with virtually all field and studio jectives, RCA brings forth a system sor is working correctly. broadcast and production facilities. which removes many of the barriers that The HC- I camera features a new, totally The adaptability of the HCR -I recording have long frustrated production activi- sealed optical system with an f/1.4 prism. camera provides for a variety of opera- ties. HAWKEYE represents one more The design of this system allows precise tional modes. By attaching a feed cable. step forward in electronic news gathering collimation of each channel at the fac- live output can be aired while recording. and field production technology. Ll

www.americanradiohistory.com A "NO COMPROMISE" TK-47T TRIAX CAMERA SYSTEM

Frank Davenport color camera employs latest technology Camera Processing Unit (CPU). Chief Engineer, RCA Jersey Limited in circuit integration and design; in solid Bandwidth determined by 5.5 MHz Jersey, Channel Islands, U.K. state memories, and in microprocessor - low pass linear phase filter. controlled functions. Since its introduc- Broadcasters and teleproducers have al- 2. Viewfinder video from CPU to tion, the camera has been extremely well ways been well aware of the limitations camera head nominally 5 MHz received, achieving superior performance imposed by long camera cable runs. To bandwidth. and new levels of stability, reliability overcome this operational handicap, 3. Camera setup and control data from and operational simplicity. camera systems were developed which CPU to camera head. utilize a triaxial cable to replace the In adding Triax capability to expand the 4. Return data from camera head to heavy and costly multiconductor cable. versatility of the TK -47, design deci- CPU. sions were based on meeting these Triaxial operation permits the camera 5. Advanced camera sync from CPU objectives: head to be operated at far greater dis- to camera head. 1. No compromise in operational fea- tances from the Camera Control Unit, 6. Two program quality microphone tures or facilities. and significantly reduces the costs of rig- channels from the camera head to ging, cable and maintenance. Unfortun- 2. No compromise in technical setup CPU. ately, most of the currently available either manually or automatically. 7. Talkback and the Triax systems also result in compromises to from camera 3. No compromise in technical speci- head. in camera operational features or techni- fications. cal performance. 8. AC to the camera head for camera 4. When installed, the camera system power and utility outlet (IOOVA). RCA was reluctant to accept compro- should be easily convertible. its top -of- the -line These signals have to be combined and mises, particularly for 5. Should provide additional features transmitted over the triax cable. The sys- TK -47 Automatic Camera. However, re- not found in other triax cameras. cent advances in communications tech- tem requires the simultaneous transmis- nology have allowed a Triax camera Triax Function Requirements sion and reception of signals at both ends the system to be developed that offers no To satisfy these product design objec- of cable. Separation of the signals is compromises, only advantages. tives, the signals and facilities required complicated by the bandwidth involved, and differences in transmit and receive in triax systems must first be considered. Design Objectives For The TK -47 signal levels. Triai Camera System 1. Wideband RGB video signals be- In its basic design, the TK -47 automatic tween the camera head and the

www.americanradiohistory.com Frank Davenport received his technical education at Norwood Technical College, South London, gaining in 1965 a Diploma in Telecommunications and Graduate Membership of the Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers ( I.E.R.E.). In 1972 he became a member of the I.E.R.E. and registered as a Chartered Engineer. 1965-Joined BBC as direct entry engineer engaged ih VTR, operations and maintenance. 1967-Joined RCA Sunbury as VTR Field Service Engineer. 1969 -Joined newly formed Yorkshire Television Limited as Supervisory Engineer, in charge of Engineering, Planning and Installation. 1975- Joined RCA (Jersey) Ltd. as Chief Engineer responsible for technical support and product development.

Triax System Considerations In establishing performance parameters Fig. 1. Power Loss From Cable Loop Resistance for a Triax camera system, an obviously AC into 280v important consideration is the limitations Cable at CPU inherent in the triax cable itself. Min. spec. S.M.P.S. Operate Voltage 210v Power has to be provided to the camera Thus, Max. volt. drop due to cable 70v head for both operation of the camera and to provide a utility power outlet. In Camera Head power nominally 200w the TK -47T it is possible to power the camera head directly, but when operated Utility AC Outlet max. power 100w normally, the power is fed via the tri - Max. Power required via triax cable 300w axial cable. This power feed will suffer an 12R power loss caused by the loop Current cable at max. voltage drop 300 resistance of the cable inner and screen = 1.43 Amps 210 (Fig. I). In the TK -47 multicore camera, 280V AC is fed to the camera head Cable loop resistance required, to drop 70v at 1.43 Amps 70 _49 Ohms Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS). 1.43 One of the advantages of the SMPS is its ability to tolerate wide input voltage var- iations, and this feature is utilized in the triai mode of operation.

Typical Triaxial Cable.

www.americanradiohistory.com Fig. 2. Triaxial Cable Data

Type (Inner Conductor, mm) 1.0 1.4 2.1 2.5 By extrapolating from the tabulated cable data, (Fig. 2) a length of approx- O.D. (mm) 8.5 11.0 14.4 16.2 imately 1.36 km of 8.5 mm triax lilt DC Loop Resistance (Ohms/km) 36.0 17.5 9.0 7.0 drop the AC to the minimum power sup- (dB m MHz) ply voltage. Attenuation /100 50 6.5 4.0 2.8 2.3 Net Weight (kg /km) 100.0 180.0 300.0 359.0 Investigation of maximum cable lengths due to RF attenuation of the cable (Fig. 3) shows that at 50 MHz there is an at- Fig. 3. Triax Cable Attenuation tenuation of approximately 6.5 dB on

100 m of 1 mm /8.5 mm triax cable. A

1 km length will reduce a 50 MHz signal by 65 dB. When received, this signal re- TO C mie quires amplification of at least 65 dB and this cannot be achieved without the addition of some noise. Currently available 2.5 cable amplifiers are capable of gains in excess of 70 dB before amplifier noise becomes a system limitation. For example, with a gain of exactly 70 dB, operation of I mm /8.5mm triax would be possible to a distance of approximately I. I km ( 3600 ft.).

io 20 40 BD TW These two examples show that in the 30 6o TK -47 system, maximum cable length is FREQUENCY (MHz) tv- limited by the RF attenuation of the cable rather than the resistive voltage Fig. 4. Maximum Cable Length, Triax Operation* drop. Of course greater distances are possible with larger cables having less Cable Size Distance RF loss. This is shown in Fig. 4 for the TK -47T. 1.0 mm ( 8.5mm/I/3" OD) 1.2 km /4000 ft. 1.4 mm (I I.Omm /7/ 16" OD) 2.0 km /6500 ft. The TK-47 System Having determined the basic system par- 2.1 mm (14.4mm/9/ 16" OD) 2.8 km /9000 ft. ameters let's look at the techniques 2.5 mm (16.2mm/5/8" OD) 3.4 km/ 1 1000 ft. adopted to achieve the required facilities and technical performance. *Data listed refers to Felten & Guitleaume cable. Similar performance can be expected with equivalent cable from other manufacturers.

PME -n a COMBINER B MOD C.P.U. CAMERA HEAD axAM CSVIC .-10.-FROG DEMCD -p- SOUND

AM PROG 4,1 r FILTER BOX1 rFILTER BOX - SOON.I PACO C.P.U. REAR, CAM. BASE SAW A SYNC DEMOC

TB OU CAMERA URLIIY CAMERA

AC IN 100W MAIL AC I _*- PAM

PAM A SYNC DEMCD C SYNC

IELS- ATTN PROMPT K Sw - EQI TRIAXIAL CABLE

R LPE sYxO nEMOO OUT- LPE BA` -414 G TELE PROMPT

_ _ J L LPE BAL srxc -4 B G L MOD OUT DEMCU

OUT Fig. 5. TK -47 Triax Block Diagram -cl

TB a J%EM FROG PVC ]EMOD

www.americanradiohistory.com Fig. 6. TK -47 Triax Frequency Spectrum

TO CAMERA FROM CAMERA HEAD TO CAMERA HEAD HEAD 2. The AC connection will be broken if the cable current drops below a certain lower limit, i.e. an open ; circuit cable. 1, 3. Over current failure is handled by a z fuse. tAt CC The camera head may be powered direct- io fREO_, ly and connection to the CPU provided . MHZ by a coaxial cable such as RG -59. In this mode the CPU maintains 14? of operation control of the camera head power on /off. This type of operation could be suited to fixed installations within buildings or The TK-47T block diagram (Fig. 5) is used to separate and band limit the RF stadiums. shows in some detail the component parts amplifier to the synchronous demodula- The TK-47T Triax Package of the system. The most important tor. The system produces a nominal five Four modules and two sub-assemblies system requirement is the undistorted MHz video bandwidth. the TK -47T Triax package. In transmission of the three wide band comprise video signals (RGB). The TK -47 Triax Frequency Spectrum the CPU, the Equalizer is removed and (Fig. 6) shows the various signals pres- replaced by a double module called the The technique adopted to accomplish ent on the cable and their direction of RGB Demod. A triax only module called this was double side band suppressed transmission. the Sync /Audio /Data (SAD) module is carrier amplitude modulation for all added in an adjacent spare slot in the There are three AM audio channels from three signals (RGB). This method al- CPU. At the rear of the CPU is the AC the CPU to the camera head. These pro- though costly in terms of bandwidth, of- safety circuitry and the RF Processor. vide program (Cue) audio and two talk- fers both performance and simplicity. By using currently available technology, back channels and have bandwidths of In the camera head, the RF Processor, the head there are more than adequate performance has 7.5 kHz. From camera toroidal transformer and the Triax Power three wideband FM audio channels are in a new been achieved. Encapsulated mixers and Supply housed camera base which are used for the cameraman's mie unit which is to replace phase splitters are used in the modulation designed the and two high quality microphone inputs. process with wideband hybrid RF ampli- original camera mounting. Access to the RF Processor and Triax Power Supply is fiers driving the triax cable. These am- Provision has been made to inject and provided by means of a slide -out module plifiers must have low intermodulation extract a 70 MHz carrier onto the cable. drawer which also contains heat sinks distortion and a good return loss. Return This passive 'RF window' can be used to and the triax cable socket. loss (the ability to correctly terminate the send teleprompt or cueing video to the cable at all frequencies of interest) is camera head. The camera head contains two new mod- most important if good transient response Finally let's look at the lower end of the ules -the Transmitter and Receiver - and zero ghosting is to be achieved. cable spectrum. A nominal 280V 50/60 which are added to a slightly widened right side panel. The RGB signals arc received at the Hz signal is launched into the cable from an isolated transformer winding. The AC Camera Processing Unit, and amplified Simple Conversion using similar hybrid RF amplifier and is fed, via a safety circuit, to the cable Conversion between Triax and Multi - band split. The signals are synchronously center and inner screen. The outer screen conductor operation can be achieved in demodulated and filtered using similar of the cable is not used by the system under five minutes. In the CPU the two low pass linear phase filters. except to provide a safety ground which modules removed the ties the camera head metal work to the Triax are and Full operational and technical setup ca- CPU. Equalizer module is replaced. At the pability is achieved by transmitting the Camera Head it is only necessary to complete CPU data bus to the head as In the camera head the AC is sensed and change over a plug assembly and operate supply and serial 8 bit words. Advanced camera feeds the camera head power the AC rocker switch. When operating in sync is added to the data and this com- a toroidal transformer. This transformer multicore the camera head triax circuitry posite signal modulates a horizontally provides an isolated, fused, IOOVA util- remains installed but depowered. locked 750 KHz carrier. ity AC feed of nominally 220/I10V which is suitable for a small monitor or The simple conversion offers the TK -47 The Viewfinder video is transmitted to soldering iron. The utility feed is avail- Triax owner complete flexibility to shoot the camera head as a vestigal sideband able even when the camera head power is wherever he chooses. By utilizing mod- (VSB) AM signal. This signal is another switched off. Incidentally, full talkback ern developments and established tech- application of current techniques in that is also available under these conditions, nology the product design objectives the VSB is produced by Surface Acous- facilitating rigging or trouble shooting. have been achieved. Whether on multi - tic Wave (SAW) filtering. The SAW fil- core or Triax the technical performance The triax cablç is protected by a com- and operational facilities are uncompro- ter offers an accurately defined passband, prehensive safety circuit which has the precisely controlled waveform parame- following characteristics: mised, producing one camera for all uses. ters and zero setup adjustment. In this I . Will not apply AC to the CPU triax The TK -47 Triax system was designed application the Viewfinder AM signal is socket if the cable is missing or if and developed in Europe by F. Asch- offset towards the high frequency end of the cable is not uniquely terminated wanden and J. Lusch of RCA Labora- the SAW filter passband which results in by the camera head. This unique tories, Zurich, Switzerland. It is in a full lower sideband but vestigal VSB. termination forms part of the cam- production, and numerous TK -47T triax- At the camera head a similar SAW filter era head switch on sensing circuit. equipped cameras are in use.

www.americanradiohistory.com HAWKEYE IS A CAMERA

HAWKEYE IS A RECORDING CAMERA

HAWXEYE IS A RECORDER

HAWKEYE IS AN EDITING SYSTEM

A system you can build at your own pace. See your RCA Representative today for all the HAWKEYE facts. Deliveries are sooner than you think. RCA Broadcast, Bldg. 2 -2, Camden, N.J. 08102

www.americanradiohistory.com USE 17:.. as a live camera. With HAWKEYE field and studio recorders. Or any format VTR, including your own. The HC -1 is a tough lightweight...easy to handle...built to take abuse. With its new',2 -inch pick -up tubes and advanced design prism optics, you can depend on the HC -1 to deliver consistently superior broadcast quality pictures under a wide range of operating conditions.

USE IT... for the ultimate in operations economy and mobility... reliability and picture quality. RCA's HCR -1 is the field system you asked for. And the one you specified. A single -person, single - piece production unit that, with its new ChromaTrack recording format, closes the performance gap between small, portable recorders and broadcast cameras by delivering far superior VTR picture quality. The kind of quality that is required for demanding production assignments as well as highly professional news and sports coverage. And, because the HCR -1 and its companion HR -2 studio VTR have a standard NTSC color output, you can use them with your present broadcast equipment for excellent results.

USE 17:.. in the field with any camera. When you choose the HR -1, you're getting a VTR that outclasses portable 34-inch recorders. It's smaller...lighter... built to last. The HR-1 delivers exceed- ingly better picture quality, too, with RCA's new ChromaTrack recording format. That means your edited tape will be of higher quality. Whatever format you use: ChromaTrack, 34 -inch, one -inch or quad. You can edit in your own format by adding the fully compatible HR -2 studio VTR to your system.

USE 17:.. alone for simple cut editing or integrate it into your sophisticated effects or multi -format system. The HE -1 edit controller and HR -2 studio video tape recorders provide complete editing capabilities. Including 8X play speed forward and reverse searching, and full preview /review, assemble /insert editing. Providing a standard NTSC color output, HR -2 ChromaTrack format recorders may be added to your post -production system with full operating advantage.

www.americanradiohistory.com YOUR EMMY We are proud to be the recipient of an Emmy for the development of an automatic color television camera - our TK-47. We are grateful to The National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences for this prestigious Engineering Award for "...the development of digital computer techniques for the automatic alignment of color television studio cameras." But it is you, our TK47 customers, who are the real Emmy Award Winners. With over 300 TK-47 cameras in use today around the world, it is you who are producing news, documentaries, variety shows, dramas, commercials and public service programming with award -winning camera performance. You know that you have to start with the best camera in order to deliver the best programs. TK-47 cameras and TK-47 customers are a winning combination! We, at RCA, are proud of the part our TK-47 has played in advancing the technology of the television industry and in helping our customers produce picture-perfect programming. RCA Broadcast, Building 2 -2, Camden, New Jersey 08102.