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Joan of Arc in the Moder N Imagination

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Joan of Arc in the Moder N Imagination SETON HALL UNJ V R5 1TY WALSH LIBR_ARY CALLER_Y \ JOAN OF ARC IN THE MODER_N IMAGINATION NOVEMBER_ 3 - DECEMBER_ 16, 2005 C URATED BY ALI A O UR-ELSAYED A D BETSY MALI SKY CRADLI ATE TUDENTS I Tl-I[ MA rROCRAM IN MU ELIM rR FESSIONS Introduction Joan of Arc is one of the most celebrated female historical figures in modern times. A symbol of courage, patriotism, faith, and female heroism, her appeal has transcended both geographic boundaries and time limitations. In the fifteenth century, this young girl in rural France followed her calling by leading the army of the crown prince to defeat the English, thereby put­ ting Charles VII on the throne. Later, captured and tried, Joan was burned alive at the stake when she was only nineteen years old. Yet, in spite of her heroism, she remained relatively unnoticed, until the nineteenth century, when Joan became the subject of an enormous body of historical studies and Exhibition Team literary works. She also became an icon in the visual arts, theater, cinema, Curators: Alia Nour-Elsayed and Betsy Malinsky and pop culture; a symbol for numerous political movements; and an inspi­ Gallery Exhibition Consultant: Jo Ann Cott ration to children, women and soldiers. Faculty Consultant: Petra ten-Doesschate Chu Joan ofArc in the Modern Imagination focuses on some of the abun­ dant and diverse representations of this universal heroine and saint from the nineteenth century to our present day. The exhibition, comprising five sec­ tions, covers the story of Joan's life, her iconography, her representation in literature, theater and film, her occurrence in pop culture, and finally her legacy. Exhibition items are drawn from Seton Hall University, and from the collection of Bryn Mawr College, supplemented with loans from other holdings, including those of The American On rhe Irani cover : On the back cover : Numismatic Society, Columbia University, Princess Marie d'Orleans Emmanuel FrCmier Dahesh Museum of Art, New York Historical French, 1813 -1839 French, 1824 -1910 Joan ofArc Prnying Joan ofArc Society, Posteritati Movie Posters, Newark Public Bronze Gilded Bronze (Photograph) Afrer 1843 Fairmont !'Ark, Philadephia Library, and from the private collections of Dr. 29 inches x 12 inches Photo by Jo Ann Cotz Signed: Marie d'Orleans (on cop of base) Daniel Leab, the Reverend Walter DeBold, and Foundry mark: SU SSE FRES (on back of base) David and Constance Yates. Loaned by the Dahesh Museum of Art, New York Ciry World Wa r l poster by Haskell Coffi n, Joan ofArc Saved France Women of America Save Your Country Buy War Savings Stamps, 1918. Loaned by O r. Daniel Leab Iconography of Joan of Arc Joan of Arc (1412-1431) Since there are no visual or written records of Joan of Arc's appearance, In modern times she is known as Joan of Arc or Jeanne d'Arc, but during her artists were free to use their imagination when portraying this medieval heroine. life she was called Jeannette or Jeanne, and the name she herself used was Jehanne la Yet, whether they represented her as a shepherdess listening to the voices of Pucelle (Joan the Maid). She lived in the fifteenth century, during the later years of saints, as a soldier in armor carrying a sword and banner, or as a martyr burning the Hundred Years War, when England, in alliance with Burgundy occupied most of at the stake, they always made her beautiful by the standards of feminine beauty what is now modern France. After hearing the voices of Saints Catherine, Margaret, of the time. and Michael, Joan took an oath of chastity and faithfully followed her vocation. At During the centuries that followed her death, a small number of por­ age seventeen, she led the French army of the crown prince Charles VII to several vic­ traits and sculptures of Joan of Arc were made, but by the middle of the nine­ tories against the English, which brought him to the throne. She was then captured, teenth century, as her popularity soared, many artists chose Joan as their subject. tried and convicted of heresy by an English-controlled church. Joan was only nine­ otable among nineteenth-century works were sculptures by Princess Marie teen years old when she was burned at the stake. Twenty-four years later, she was d'Orleans (in the exhibition) and Emmanuel Fremiet (copies in Paris, proclaimed innocent in a rehabilitation trial. Finally, in the twentieth century, the Philadelphia, and New Orleans), and paintings by Jean-Dominique Ingres (Paris, Vatican declared her a saint. Louvre) and Jules Bastien Lepage ( ew York, Metropolitan Museum of Art). Joan of Arc is one of the most thoroughly documented historica l figures from Numerous illustrated books featuring Joan of Arc were published, such as the pre-modern times. The primary sources of knowledge about her life are the records famous children's book by Louis-Maurice Boutet de Monvel, also in the exhibi­ of her condemnation and rehabilitation trials. Until the diffusion of these extraordi­ tion. Soon after her beatification in 1909 and canonization in 1920, interest in nary documents of her short life in the nineteenth century, however, historians and Joan burgeoned everywhere. Images of Joan as a saint or patriot were in high writers relied on different sources, drawing mostly from medieval chronicles and leg­ demand. Large numbers of medals commemorating her were issued, public stat­ ends. ues were set up in numerous cities including ew York City, Philadelphia and Selected objects : ew Orleans. Even patriotic posters with Joan's image appeared in America and le Proces de Condamnation de Jeanne d'Arc (The Prosecution of Joan of Arc} Britain during World War I, encouraging people to buy war savings stamps and Facsi mile reproduction of the original manuscript on vellu m, preserved in the Lib rary bonds. of the Assemblee ationale. In troduction by Jean Marchand Paris: Pion, 1955 Selected objects: Loa ned by the Special Coll ections Department, Bryn Mawr Coll ege Library Has kell offin American, 1878- 194 I letter from Jorm to the citizens ofR iom, November 9, 1429. Joan ofArc aved Frnnce. Women ofAmeri ca Save Your Country. Archives Municipa.l e de Ri om Buy Wfir avings tamps From a facs imile publ ished in: Daniel Jacomet, War Poster Jeha11ne d'Arc: Quarnme-cinq documents Originaux et lco11ogmphiq11es 19 18 Paris: Librairi e Floury, 1933 30 inches x 20 inches Loa ned by rhe Special o ll ections Department, Bryn Mawr Coll ege Library Loaned by Dr. Daniel Leab, Seton H al l University Feli x Dupanloup Anna Va ughn Hyatt Huntington Eulogy of Joan of Arc, deli vered by the Bishop of O rl eans, May 8, 1855 Ameri can, 1876- 1973 Panigyrique de Jeanne d'Arc : prononci par Mgr. l'Eveque d'Orllans, dans In cathidrale Joan ofArc on Horseback de Saint-Croix, k 8 mai 1855 19 15 Orlea ns: Gatineau ; Pari s: Lecoffre, [ 1855) Photograph of Bronze Statue Loaned by the Special Coll ections Department, Bryn Mawr oll ege Library Ri ve rside Park, New York C ity Photo by Fe n Dow C hu Stephen oube Tiffany & Co "T he Heart of Joa n of Arc:" Eulogy del ivered in the arh eral of O rl eans, May 8, 1908 Dedication ofJoan ofArc Park le Coeur de Jeanne d'Arc: Panlgyriq11e Pronond dans la Carhidrnle d'Orllans, le 8 Mai 1908 19 19, Gold 4th editi on, Paris: 1 ~ Lethiell eux, 1908 2.1 inches x 3 inches Loaned by the Special Collections Department, Bryn Mawr Coll ege Li brary Loaned by The American um is matic Sociery Joan of Arc in Literature, Theater and Film Lo uis Maurice Boutet de Manvel Joan ofA rc The nineteenth century marked a turning point in Joan of Arc's his to ry. lllu crated in color. She was declared a French heroine by Napoleon in 1803. Later, two French histo­ New York: The Century Co., 1926 rians published books that resulted in th e wide diffusion of her story. Jules Loaned by the Newark Public Library Michelet popularized Joan by evoking her as the symbol of France in one volume of Geo rge Bernard Shaw his books on the history of France in 1844, and Jules Quicherat presented the Saini Joan: A Chronfrle Play ;n Six Scenes and on Epilague Maid's accurate story by editing and publishing the records of her trial and rehabili­ by Bernard Show with sketches by C Ricketts Lo ndon: Constable and Company Led ., 1924 tation in five volumes in 184 1-1849. Loaned by the Rare Book and Manuscript Library, olumbia University Sin ce th at time, there has been a pro fusion of books, dramas, and films devoted to Joan of Arc. Most of them refl ected the political and religious views of their authors. In literature, Mark Twain portrayed her as the quintessential demo­ crati c hero, while Anatole France depicted Joan as the puppet of political fac tio ns including the clergy. Other writers emphas ized her purity in books that made Joan Joan of Arc in Pop Culture a ro le model fo r children, teenage girls and adults. Many of the published literary wo rks were adapted fo r the theater during As Joan of Arc became a mythical and inspirational fig ure in many cul­ th e nineteenth and twentieth centuries. ome of the most influenti al of these dra­ tures, her celebrity also caused her to become an icon of popular cultu re. In France, mas were by Fri ederich Schiller, who portrayed Joan as a romantic heroine, and she was , and still is, used to attract tourists to the towns and cities with which she George Bern ard Shaw, who made her a heroi ne struggling against both church and was affi li ated.
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