9 gilcrease. e s a e r c l i 19 g by scott a. sullivan 2015 Constance sculptor in a man’s world

illiam S. Hart, the Gilcrease Museum’s small bronze of 1921, depicts a wooly-chapped cowboy in a wide-brimmed hat atop a bucking horse. His leg shoots from the stirrup as he twists in the saddle, the animal pawing the air Win an effort to unseat him. The entire composition dramatically captures the manly essence of a classic American Wild West moment. Who would imagine that this work was made by a young woman from a wealthy City family who was married to a French count and working in ? Constance Whitney Warren. William S. Hart, 1921. Bronze, signed, H. 21 inches, GM0877.100. 21 g i l c r e a s e . 2015 1926, 1921. Bronze, 1921. Bronze, Texas Cowboy, Texas Riders, Range to Tribute bronze, 140 x 87 x 37 inches, State Capitol, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Oklahoma. City, Oklahoma Capitol, State 140 x 87 x 37 inches, bronze, Arts the Oklahoma Council. of courtesy Image signed, slightly smaller than life-size, State Capitol, Austin, Texas. Texas. Austin, Capitol, State smaller life-size, than slightly signed, Constance Whitney Warren. Warren. Whitney Constance Warren. Whitney Constance

7 Warren’s artistic Warren’s 8 5 The following year, year, following The 4 A second life-size statue of a cowboy on on a cowboy of statue life-size A second 6 By 1913 the Count and Countess de Lasteyrie de had Countess and 1913 the Count By early much had Warren records, Salon from judge To Warren and the count had divorced in 1922. Her in 1922. Her divorced had the count and Warren settled in the family home outside Paris, the Chateau the Chateau Paris, outside home settled in the family in Seine-et-Marne. de la Grange, The entitled Cowboy work bronze life-size Her success. in mention honorable won right) , top Cowboy (Texas in a sensation caused reportedly 1923 and of the Salon in Texas of the State to Warren by given was It Paris. it where capitol, the state of installed in front 1924 and stands today. a bucking bronco (bottom right) was presented to the to presented was right) (bottom bronco a bucking to flanks entrance the now in 1928; it Oklahoma of State of Warren by bronzes other Numerous capitol. state’s that most themes, western and equestrian dogs, and horses, frequent most the 1920s. Her from smaller date in size, a on cowboy clad the traditionally was far by subject name the artist’s the fact that Despite horse. bucking into Salons Paris of in the records be to found continues no and listed are her by specificworks the 1930s, no 1928. after dated are works known the of accounts family that stated Warren, David nephew, lesbianism. of grounds on granted was it held divorce Warren reportedly assisted in the war effort by acting effort in the war assisted reportedly Warren around campaigns inthe officers English for a driver as in primarily studied , she war the After Paris. throughout Salons the in Paris exhibited and bronze, sculptor French of a pupil as recorded is the 1920s. She (1883–1952), who specialized Peyranne Louis Pierre art in a popular figures decorative and busts in portrait the eastern from Les as Orientalistes, known movement they employed. motifs and themes career ended with her commitment to Craig House. House. Craig to commitment her ended with career been has there years her about information other No were records its closed in 2000 and House Craig found. destroyed. She probably returned to the United States in 1928. Two Two in 1928. States the United to returned probably She in House Craig at institutionalized was she later years asylum a discreet was House Craig York. Beacon, New Truman (Zelda Fitzgerald, famous and the wealthy for patients). its among were Gleason Jackie and Capote, a “voluntary was Warren that hold documents Family heartof a diedShe paranoia. from suffering patient” in Beacon October 11, 1948. on attack

3 Constance Warren came from money money from came Warren Constance 1 After wedding, the couple made an extended an extended made wedding, couple the After 2 In her youth Warren was an avid sportswoman who excelled in swimming who swimming in excelled sportswoman avid an was Warren youth her In Constance Whitney Warren was born in in 1888. Her Her in 1888. City York born in New was Warren Whitney Constance and her life was one of privilege. of one was life her and is teacher early no but when young, started drawing sports. She equestrian and 1912, In years. teenage her survive from cartoons and watercolors Some known. General of descendant direct and count de Lasteyrie, a French married Guy Warren de La Fayette). (Marquis Lafayette grandfather, , was a wealthy real estate developer and a and developer estate real a wealthy was Henry Warren, George grandfather, II, Henry Warren George father, Opera. Constance’s the Metropolitan of founder the served United of and a director as Exchange Stock York the New on worked Company. Trust the Metropolitan and Canal Company Railroad and Jersey New at Seafield, summered and Street, 75th near Avenue, at 924 Fifth lived Warrens The Rhode in Newport, Island. estate the family This experience was likely an important influence on Warren’s later bronze bronze later Warren’s on influence an important experienceThis likely was horses. and cowboys of interpretations trip through the western states that included camping, hunting, and photography. and hunting, camping, included that states the western through trip onstance Whitney Warren Warren Whitney onstance C onstance Warren’s brave life life brave Warren’s onstance

C achieved critical success in Paris success in Paris critical achieved she Then States. and the United until a forgotten largely was arranged exhibition posthumous York’s at New her brother by Gallery in 1953 spurred Ferargil across acquisition of her works her the country and assured reputation. is an important of the reminder in the of women emergence male-dominated traditionally public field of monumental elsewhere—in sculpture—and 20th century. the early n a career lasting just eleven eleven just lasting In a career confined she was before years the mentally for to a facility ill, Constance Whitney Warren, Warren, Whitney Constance horseback, on Constance 2-15, 1953, February Exhibition, 1888-1948, Memorial photograph. 1953, frontispiece York, Galleries, New Ferargil

0 e s a e r c l i g 20 .2015 23 g i l c r e a s e . 2015 1922. Bronze, 1922. Bronze, Constance Whitney Warren. Warren. Whitney Constance No.1, Horse, Standing A. Sullivan, Scott H. 13.5 inches. signed, R. Lane. by Photo Texas. Worth, Fort of 1921 in the 1921 of four horses and their riders are shown jumping over a low vine-covered vine-covered low a over jumping shown theirare riders and horses four A work located not far from the Gilcrease is Steeplechase is the Gilcrease from far not located A work of movement and more effectively handled physiognomy. Her last small bronze bronze smallHer last physiognomy. handled effectively more and movement of of Museum in the Metropolitan formerly was above, 1922, shown from horse, the collection. Here in the author’s now is 9, 2014) and June Art (deaccessioned, is and smaller bit headis a legs. The all four on evenly distributed is weight animal’s a conveys figure bronze highly This the tail. polished of the arc balanced by nicely Warren. like horsewoman a devoted to appealed have must that strength majestic bronzes, Warren’s on all like those 24–25). This date, (pages Museum Philbrook of be to the be date assumed may the base and on the inscription taken from is In occurred later. have may actual The casting work. clay or the original plaster Steeplechase steeplechase in common was jump water This side. the far on water with fence stone in a stroboscopic appears event the equestrian bronze Warren’s In now. then and horse the last and phases successive in four rider shown and view the horse with the prompts picture moving slow-motion of a riderit conveys falling. The and sense for preparation as the image capture to used a camera whether Warren of question Eadweard by locomotion animal of photographs known have she Might work. her a decade in Marey Jules those by made the 1870s, or to date that Muybridge an was the artist do know we unanswered, remain to likely is that Although later? society. in Newport popular was steeplechase that and sportswoman equestrian avid He and gallery director Frederic Price subsequently worked to place place to worked subsequently gallery Price and Frederic He director 9 We can see the artist’s early mastery of bronze sculpture in the small horses she she in the small horses sculpture bronze mastery of early see can the artist’s We from 1920, is known in known 1920, is from 1, No. the period during 1922. Hackney executed 1917 to another Design, School and of the Rhode from Island here shown the one casts, two retrospective in a 1953 included was work collection. The family in a Warren George brother her by Galleries organized the Ferargil at York in New exhibition III. H. Warren Constance’s works in museums and public collections throughout the country. the country. throughout collections public and in museums works Constance’s naturally yet in proportion, large rather is the horse work, the RhodeIn Island the of a pose is seen statues in equestrian poised It in a gracefulmodeled and trot. the trimmed Here, military and beginning leaders in the Renaissance. nobility known was bobbed sports in which Warren equestrian tail and also suggest mane naturalness a greater show gradually these years of horses Her participated. have to Hackney No. 1, No. Hackney

Constance Whitney Whitney Constance Warren. signed, marble, and 1920. Bronze ofGeorge Gift inches. H. 117/8 of 53.175, Museum H. Warren, School Art, Rhode Island Design, Providence. of Erik Gould. by Photography

2 e s a e r c l i g 22 .2015 25 g i l c r e a s e . 2015 Doubtlessly Warren’s Warren’s Doubtlessly 10 a unique work conveying conveying work a unique The family’s New York home was at and 57th Street; Street; and 57th Avenue at Fifth was home York New family’s The 11 From the late 1870s steeplechase races were held in Newport, climaxing climaxing in Newport, held races were 1870s steeplechase the late From an ambitious piece from from piece ambitious an in Venture, found is personal connection A similarly annually with the famed Newport Handicap Steeplechase. Handicap Newport the famed with annually the excitement of the sport. of the excitement measures it 1928, Dated horses. and figures multiple depicting years later the artist’s late the by “driven the title phrase, in its includes thirty-six and in length inches Alfred Gwynne knew Vanderbilt well. Warren whom someone Vanderbilt,” G. Alfred and great Vanderbilt II of Cornelius died in 1915. The son born in 1877 and was Vanderbilt of the Alfred House became head of founder, the dynasty’s of grandson in 1899. personal observations aided her creation of Steeplechase, of creation her aided personal observations its summer residence, in Newport, was the famous estate called The Breakers. calledBreakers. The estate the famous was in Newport, residence, summer its were and in socialthe same moved circles families Warren and Vanderbilt The Newport. in summered and Avenue Fifth Both on lived ways. in many connected in 1880. Opera House the Metropolitan built uncles and father Alfred Vanderbilt’s its and founders the opera’s of one was grandfather Warren’s Whitney Constance was wedding. Constance Constance’s attended Vanderbilt Mrs. president. vice first Steeplechase, Steeplechase, 1928. Bronze, W. 36 inches. Lisl Warren Warren Lisl 36 inches. W. 1928. Bronze, : Constance Whitney Warren. Warren. Whitney : Constance

Carr (great niece of the artist). niece of Carr (great Venture, Constance Whitney Warren. Warren. Whitney Constance of George Gift signed, H. 141 inches. 1921. Bronze, Museum III, 1953.11. © 2015 Philbrook H. Warren Oklahoma. Tulsa, Art, Inc., of Facing

4 e s a e r c l i g 24 .2015 27 g i l c r e a s e . 2015 1922. Bronze, 1922. Bronze, , Josephine No. 1 Bronze. GM0826.84. Bronze. Buffalo. W. 5 inches, Collection of George H. Warren IV. H. Warren Collection George 5 inches, of W. Alexander Proctor. Proctor. Alexander Warren. Whitney Constance The Metropolitan acquired its acquired Metropolitan The 15 Indeed, Barye’s popularity resulted in an in an resulted popularity Barye’s Indeed, 16 Barye’s bronze animals are well known. He was was He known. well are animals bronze Barye’s 14 from the late 19th century into the early decades of the decades of the early 19th century into the late from 20th. active from the 1820s until his death in 1875, during in 1875, during death his the 1820s until from active The followers. and pupils of a host had which time he work his with enamored Americans influential numerous of the president the first Johnson, Taylor Joshua included Museum. Metropolitan increase in the number American artists who artists specialized American in the number increase York in New be could found whose works and in animals Harvey Eli These include of century. decadethe in the first Zoo), City Edward York the New for (animal Library Morgan the Pierpont of in front (lions Potter Clark first Barye bronze in 1885 and augmented its collectionits augmented and in 1885 Baryebronze first the 20th century. of years in the early others with regularly had Met in 1912, the York New left the time Warren By of indication Barye, a strong by works twenty of total at hispopularity.

13 from a year later, is an inch longer longer inch an is later, year a from 2, No. Josephine arose in the mid-19th century under the influence of in the mid-19th the influence century under arose No doubt Warren’s bronze of 1928 was a remembrance of her friend. She friend. her She of a remembrance 1928 was of bronze Warren’s doubt No 12 The French animaliersFrench The Josephine No. 1 No. 1 dog: Josephine her depicting two are works animal other Warren’s Among Antoine-Louis Barye (1796–1875). Later, a group of American artists, following following artists, American of a group Barye (1796–1875). Later, Antoine-Louis in this country sculpture animal popularized the French, of work the earlier The pieces are not highly detailed and serve to convey a general interpretation of general interpretation a highlyand detailedservenot to convey are pieces The the head and of in the handling character the animal’s for pether a feeling with also yet are they interests, her life reflect dogs doubtlessly and horses eyes. Warren’s who specialized in animals. sculptors American and French of the tradition within eleven years Alfred’s junior; both were avid lovers of horses and equestrian sports. equestrian and horses of lovers avid junior; both were Alfred’s years eleven which in the coaches, race horse-drawn to sports was favorite Alfred’s of One Alfred races”). “drag called the name (hence drags the century were of years early the in coach of the name was Venture Venture; and called drags two had Viking sport was the popular. where raced in England, drags Alfred often work. Warren’s the Board of a meeting 1915 for of spring in the late England to en route was He never he Unfortunately, Association. Show Horse the International of Directors of German the Lusitania, struck was by the luxury aboard was that liner He arrived. 1,198 who of one was 7, 1915, and Sea torpedoesU-boat May in the Irish on perished. chose to depict him the way she best knew him, as a sportsman and horseman. and best knew she a sportsman him, as him the way depict to chose long; inches five just is 1922 from to refer Paris in life pose.reclining Constance’s Documents from in a different and a German shepherd. so probably the dog is and companion her a police dog as Oil on canvas. canvas. Oil on Pony Path in in Path Pony . 1878

William Hahn. Hahn. William GM0126.2299. Central Park, Park, Central

6 e s a e r c l i g 26 .2015 29 g i l c r e a s e . 2015 of previous previous een other een other were purchased by the Metropolitan the Metropolitan by purchased were where he executed his first sculpture, sculpture, first his executed he where In 1891 he established a studio in a studio established 1891 he In Gilcrease Museum Archives. Archives. Museum Gilcrease 17 20 Oil on board. GM0137.808. board. Oil on 19 This was followed by fift followed was 31). This in 1895 (page The Bronco Buster. Buster. Bronco The By the time Remington died in 1909, his twenty-one bronze bronze died twenty-one in 1909, his the time Remington By 18 : Olaf Seltzer. Olaf: Seltzer. Hart, Will and Russell Charles M. : Warren’s response to the popularity of the genre is seen is in Cowboy the genre 3 of the popularity to No. response Warren’s Indeed, the bronco buster was a very popular subject in the first decades of decadesthe a very was in the first subject popular buster the bronco Indeed, The artist who generated the most excitement in his depictions of horses was was horses of depictions in his excitement most the artistgenerated The who

20th century, and Warren could have been inspired by any number of American American of number any by been inspired have could Warren and 20th century, addition In career. her of years the formative during or before just active artists Alexander Borglum, Solon included in this genre working artists Remington, to Russell. Charles and Proctor, Phimister bronze depictions of cowboys, American Indians, and horses that excited the excited that horses and Indians, American cowboys, of depictions bronze the of Four the country. throughout art collectors and Yorkers New of imaginations TheBroncoBuster, including sculptures, artist’s in 1907. Museum the famous Bronco Buster, the famous Facing and the New York Public Library), Alexander Phimister Proctor (Buffalo,Proctor Phimister Library), Alexander Public York the New and page), and Anna Hyatt Huntington. Animal sculptures were highly popular in in highly popular were sculptures Animal Huntington. Hyatt Anna and page), them of more could nowhere and 20th centuries, early 19th and America in thelate Constance young find the we in this was milieu that It York. in New than be found Warren. Whitney Born in West. the American of images his for best known Remington, Frederic the in 1880s and the West to traveled Remington York, New 1861 in Canton, Weekly. Harper’s for illustrator an as worked New Rochelle, just north of New York City, York New of north just Rochelle, New Helen E. and Homer E. Britzman Collection, University of Tulsa, TU2009.39.275. Tulsa, of Collection, University E. Britzman Homer E. and Helen Facing works had been reproduced in numerous authorized casts that spread his fame fame his spread that casts authorized in numerous been had reproduced works in France, also known was well Remington Europe. and States the United across and image In fact, cowboy the his sculptures. for and then his illustrations for first other and Paris, in London, popular extremely were artistic interpretations its Bill Buffalo of Cody Shows West beginning the Wild with cities European Western the mid-1880s. from seen regularly 1922 (page 32). There seems little doubt that she knew Remington’s Bronco Buster knewshe Remington’s that doubt little seems 32). There 1922 (page particularly the compare, of compositions the arrangement general The 1895. of brim has whosehat chaps wooly with cowboy and the tail flaring with horse rearing work Warren’s Overall, however, horse. the bucking the of action from up blown Her interests especially modeling, in the its figure. in the of details precise less is attenuated and a lean depicted pose. has She energetic its and the horse lie with on reins The rock. and cactus of outcropping an on balanced precariously animal, right off), (broken missing the of cowboy’s posethe gives which side are the right odd an look. hand

8 e s a e r c l i g 28 .2015 31 g i l c r e a s e . 2015 Bronze. GM0876.80. Bronze.

Bonze. GM0827.34. Bronze. GM0876.124. Bronze. The Bronco Buster. Buster. Bronco The Prowling Panther (detail). Panther Prowling

Bronco Buster (detail). (detail). Buster Bronco

Clockwise from top left: Clockwise top from Remington. Frederick Alexander Proctor. Proctor. Alexander , Borglum, Solon

0 e s a e r c l i g 30 .2015 33 g i l c r e a s e . 2015 Cowboy Lariat, Lariat, Cowboy Constance Whitney Whitney Constance Warren. signed, life-size. 1926. Bronze, Calvin C. Goode Municipal Phoenix, Arizona. Building, is signed and dated 1926 on its its on 1926 dated signed is and Riders Range to Tribute 24 now in now Mounted Cowboy, entitled bronze a smaller to undated identical is base. It Warren’s of like all bronze, Oklahoma The Art in Athens. of the Georgia Museum doubtlessly her family of resources considerable The a commission. not was works, Cowboy bronze, equestrian life-size third Warren’s these possible. made castings Lariat in the Calvin Building C. Goode of Municipal seen in front , is today (below) by City the acquired It was 1926. dated and is signed work The Phoenix, Arizona. GalleryFerargil the through George brother artist’s the a gift Phoenix as from of it was placed at the state’s capitol building. An inscription inscription An building. capitol thestate’s placed at was it Cowboy, Like Texas … therange of riders those to romantic tribute a “bronze it the base declares on Will own Oklahoma’s and Holloway J. W. Governor of the direction under unveiled never the 1930 unveiling the inscription, Despite 30th, 1930.” May . . . . on Rogers 1957 until wait to had the statue attend; to inability Rogers’s because of happened dedication. formal its for was praised praised was in the 1954 carries a Cowboy Texas Yet 22 In Salon records of the 1920s, of records Salon In 21 in 1924, the statue was given to the state through through the state to given was in 1924, the statue was also cast in a nearly life- also was in a nearly cast S. Hart, 2, or William No. Cowboy is known today in the three casts: one in the one casts: in the three today known is S. Hart William by Warren done in plaster. in plaster. done a Cowboy list Warren records by 1921 Salon Indeed, 23 in front of the Texas the Texas of in front Cowboy Texas see as we today sized version in the articles Austin to 21). According (page in Austin Capitol State American Statesman Chemical National of Cason, vice president Charles of the auspices Cason, a friend of Houston. of resident a former and York New Bank of and bronze the about Neff Pat governor Texas told family, the Warren medal a bronze missing Salon, in the Paris been had exhibited it how prestigious was This mention. taking honorable and votes two just by The artist. woman Cowboy American an for recognition Governor Cason told in Paris. highly popular and press in the French The state. western to a bronze the to donate artist wished the that Neff Gilcrease Museum, another at Princeton University, and a third a third and University, Princeton at another Museum, Gilcrease Massachusetts, Arts Fine in Springfield, of in the Museum formerly Bernetin 1977. Subsequently Parke Sotheby’s sold at and deaccessioned The today. unknown is location its but auctions, in other appeared it in actor (a famous S. Hart the William title acquired bronze Gilcrease after ofthe 20thsometime century) quarter of first the films western Another Gilcrease. Mr. by the 1944 acquisition before and creation its Cowboy as 2 simply No. presented was the work of cast City. York in New work Warren’s of retrospective William William later. a year followed Seven unknown). others 1920 (location of Warren did a number of variations on this theme in the early 1920s. The earliest 1920s. The earliest this in the early theme on variations of did a number Warren There exists a strong rivalry between Texas and its neighbor to the north,to the neighbor its and Texas rivalrystrong a exists between There governor agreed to accept it on behalf of Texas. The work was shipped to Austin Austin to shipped was work The Texas. behalf of on it accept to agreed governor 19, 1925. January on dedicated in fall 1924 and is Cowboy in 1944 Gilcrease Thomas by Purchased thefinest. of one is 18–19) (pages S. Hart signed on 1921 and dated is Son, it and Graham dealer James York the New from is flank the horse’s on again and the signature Following Warren.” the base “C. W. W first The a brand. as fashioned and intertwined CWW, monogram, the artist’s monogram- This W. legible more or the last with the C combining by suggested is is it work, Gilcrease as in the Often, bronzes. Warren’s on common is brand varying of length. lines short two by accentuated Warren’s only honorable mention occurred in 1923. mention honorable only Warren’s date of 1921 on its bronze base. This may be explained by the practice of recording recording of practiceby the be explained may base. This bronze its 1921 on of date the date than rather clay or in plaster original creation its of the year the bronze on casting. its of lives on today, and, with its 1994 cleaning and new and 1994 cleaning its with and, today, on lives Cowboy of Texas fame The work. renowned most Warren’s is it patina, Oklahoma spurred have may Warren by work the Texas of Acquisition Oklahoma. 21). in 1928 (page Constance by bronze a life-sized acquiring by suit follow to through the intermediary who arranged again was York New Cason of Charles . Riders Range to of Tribute the gift Alfred C. Hunt Court Justice Supreme Oklahoma 1922. Cowboy No. 3, No. Cowboy

Bronze, H. 24 inches, Ferargil Ferargil H. 24 inches, Bronze, (1954), catalogue exhibition 14. plate Constance Whitney Whitney Constance Warren.

2 e s a e r c l i g 32 .2015 35 g i l c r e a s e . 2015 commissioned 1914, commissioned (original plaster 1910). (original plaster H. 132 inches. Bronze Street, 93rd and Drive Riverside Parks. City York New Anna Hyatt Huntington. Hyatt Anna Arc, of Joan Whitney 31

30 She returned to New York to to York New to returned She 29 Two other American women pioneers of sculptural sculptural of pioneers women American other Two The fourth of these important women sculptors was Gertrude Vanderbilt Vanderbilt was Gertrude sculptors women of thesefourth important The learn that a Committee headed by Tiffany’s President J. Sanford Saltus Saltus J. Sanford President Tiffany’s headed by Committee Arc of a Joan learn that the saint’s celebrate to a statue of the creation for a competition organizing was male sculptors defeating the competition, won Huntington 500th anniversary. Arc of Joan in 1915 her later years Five several nations. from York, in New Street 93rd and Drive Riverside at unveiled was acclaim widespread received Huntington still stands. it where especially was the saint of depiction heroic Her the work. for a great brought in Europe, I, then raging War World as timely French The people. the French for sympathy American deal of with the artist decorated and the unveiling attended ambassador in was popular statue The government. his of the Purple Rosette in 1922 in erected was a replica so that so much well, as France was this time Huntington At Blois. at the Bishops of the Garden statue of this fame The Honor. a Chevalier themade Legion of of probably Blois at and the event woman American an by crafted in Paris. who then living was Warren, by unnoticed go did not an of bronze life-sized first her executed she later year One Cowboy. Texas hero, American Sally 1921 In time. the same at working were monuments the of statue equestrian an (1876–1943) created Farnham James in New erected which was Bolivar, Simon patriot Venezuelan friend Frederic a family of was Farnham Central Park. near York her career. by him throughout influenced was and Remington Her oeuvre consists of portraits and western-themed images of of images western-themed and portraits of consists oeuvre Her years during the York New especially in were These popular horses. and cowboys travel made that family wealthy a born to was Farnham 1921. Like Warren, 1915 to artistic in her important West Canadian and the American as well as Europe to education. whose ties family Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, of (1875–1942), the sister Whitney in was, uncle, Constance’s Warren, Lloyd been mentioned. have the Warrens with friends. lifelong they remained in 1894, and Gertrude’s of fact, a suitor was a wealthy woman who supported many of America’s most important early early important most America’s of many who supported woman a wealthy was American of Museum the Whitney in 1930 founded 20th-century and artists in this country monuments public for commissions received she artist, an Art. As Buffalo the Buffalo Her in 1923 for made was Bill page) abroad. and (following executed executed works bronze equestrian monumental four Warren’s women American of circle a very within her place 1926 between elite 1921 and in the The 1920s. earliest monuments equestrian heroic creating who were sculptors Huntington’s Hyatt Anna was woman American an by work equestrian life-sized in York New to moved and bornin 1876 in Boston was Huntington Arc. of Joan model of a plaster entered she later years three and in 1907 Paris to went 1902. She mention. honorable won and in the Salon Arc of Joan

The Phoenix cowboy is Phoenix cowboy The 26 Equestrian Portrait of Velázquez, of Portrait Equestrian 1890. Bronze, H. 136 inches. H. 136 inches. 1890. Bronze, Frémiet’s work would have been have would work Frémiet’s 28 Velázquez,

Again Warren’s brand-monogram of an entwined entwined an of brand-monogram Warren’s Again 25

27 A life-size bronze of the 17th-century Spanish painter painter the 17th-century Spanish of bronze A life-size Warren’s fourth monumental bronze, and for her, a rare a rare her, for and bronze, monumental fourth Warren’s

1924. Bronze, signed, H. 127 inches, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas. Denton, Texas, North of University signed, H. 127 inches, 1924. Bronze, Constance Whitney Warren. Warren. Whitney Constance Emmanuel Frémiet. Jacques de Biez, E. Frémiet, Paris, 1910, plate 86. 1910, plate Paris, E. Frémiet, de Biez, Jacques Diego Velázquez is a surprising subject for Warren given that that given Warren for subject a surprising is Velázquez Diego reason The cowboys. feature works equestrian heroic other her years the artist’s from stems likely subject of this choice for who artist an and in Paris, successor Barye’s August in Paris. was city, in that American on sculptors influence a great had life-sized I believe (1824–1910). Frémiet’s Frémiet Emmanuel Warren. on influence a direct had subject the same of bronze in artists American numerous of the teacher was Frémiet death his after several years for continued reputation his Paris; in 1890 and executed was Velázquez equestrian in 1910. His the at the Colonnade of in the Garden later installed years three the to given was 1933, when it until there remained It . in Madrid. Casa Velázquez readily accessible to Warren and is generally comparable in size comparable generally is and Warren to accessible readily is Velázquez of figure Warren’s in the pose the horse. and of differs the in the costume saddle the right to and slightly turned the reputation, Frémiet’s given Nevertheless, Frémiet’s. from to common subject the unusual and statue, his of accessibility the by knew the work Constance that seems likely it both works, it. by inspired was and artist French older at the at Velázquez of Portrait the Equestrian is subject, European 1924. It dated signed and in Denton, Texas North of University of family Crow Harlan installedthe was a gift in 1995 as from by exhibited horseback on Velázquez of statue Dallas. A plaster this the model for likely in 1924 was Salon in the Paris Warren cast. missing most of his lariat, not surprisingly given the fragility given surprisingly not lariat, his of most missing the by cast was it bronzes, Warren’s of Like this most detail. of on name foundry’s that bears and in Paris Foundry H. Rouard rearing dramatic base. Certainly its with its this striking work, by a lariat- capped hooves flying head and twisting with horse oeuvre. in Warren’s the high points of one is cowboy, swinging in 1954. CWW appears on the work’s base and the horse’s flank. The flank. the horse’s base and the work’s on CWW appears in an Warren by employed pose one to identical is horse’s in 1922. cowboy small bronze earlier

4 e s a e r c l i g 34 .2015 37 g i l c r e a s e . 2015 (Garden City, NJ: City, (Garden 25. Letter to the author of January 20, January of the author to 25. Letter catalog, #1, Ferargil 26. Cowboy Le Francais, Artists des 27. Société in piece destroyed was 28. The Rubenstein, Streifer 29. Charlotte H. Hassrick, 198–99. Peter 30. Ibid, Gertrude H. Friedman, 31. B. 1999, from Judith S. Johnson, Phoenix Phoenix S. Johnson, Judith 1999, from Phoenix, of City Art Commission, in “Art Marian, Comings, and Arizona, 1954. Gazette, Phoenix The Our Valley,” in a warehouse stored was work The and Storage ( York in New Constance’s the time of from Warehouse) its in 1928 until the U.S. to return Walter Phoenix in 1954. by acquisition the Phoenix Art of president R. Bimson, with worked this time, at Commission Gallery the Ferargil of Price Frederic of thethe gift arrange to York in New artwork. is this cowboy 2. Although 1, plate No. swings too, he, appearance, in different was sold work The lariat. looping a large East Sussex, House, Auction Elred’s at was time the lariat that MA in 2013. At missing. (Paris: Officielle 137 Exposition Salon 1924), des Champs-Elysees, Palais Grand 203. and Civil War the Spanish 1936 during from a new in 1956 with cast replaced model in the Musée the original plaster Seedes Beau-Arts, Catherine Dijon. 1824-1910: Frémiet, Chevillot, Emmanuel des Musée (Dijon: multiple le et main la 1989), 142. Beaux-Arts de Dijon, (Boston: Sculptors Woman American 1990), 163–65. H.G. Hall, Artist: Sally an Artof Being The Sculptor American Farnham, James Remington Frederic NY: (Ogdensburg, 2005), 12–14. Art Museum, WhitneyVanderbilt 1978), 68. Doubleday, www.arts. (Paris: Grand Palais des Palais Grand (Paris: Société des Artists Francais, Le Francais, Artists des 22. Société of the casethe likely was 23. This by Riders, Range to 24. “Tribute Co., 1943), 278–279. “Texas Cowboy “Texas 278–279. 1943), Co., Austin State,” to Gift Formal Statue 19, 1925; January Statesman, American Today,” Office Take Will Ferguson “Ma 20, January Statesman, American Austin 1925. (Paris: Officielle 136 Exposition Salon des Champs-Elysees, Palais Grand Francais, Artists des 1923), 202, Société Jardin Officielle, 138 Exposition Le Salon des Tuilleries The LXVIII. 1925), Champs-Elysees, Cowboy; “Le is 1923 listing statue listing Salon previous only The bronze.” the in 1922, wherein was a cowboy of a or a statuette, as to referred was work mention honorable The smaller bronze. in the 1925 Salon documented is 1923 of listing. in the S. Hart William 1921 dated working traditional In well. as Gilcrease such casting methods, a smaller bronze a life- precede would the Gilcrease’s as Texas. in Cowboy as such sized version by supported is this chronology Indeed, a cowboy 1922, wherein of records Salon the Among cited. is Warren by statuette #2, the Princeton Cowboy of casts other in formerly cast, The undated. is bronze as 1924. This recorded was Springfield, for given the date follows apparently catalog in the 1954 exhibition the work in dates The York. in New work her of reliable. proven not have this catalog appeared has when the cast Subsequently, been “created as has listed it in auctions, York, New Arcade, in 1921” (Sotheby’s in 1925” (Skinner, “created 1994) and MA, 1998). Marlborough, Inc., of Art Warren,” Whitney Constance the Oklahoma Capitol, State ok.gov/capitalart. (Suffolk, UK: The Antique Antique The UK: (Suffolk, 14. For a summary of the evolution the a summary evolution of 14. For of Sculpture Bronze Horswell, 15. Jane Art, of Museum 16. Metropolitan Frederic Hassrick, H. 17. Peter American Tolles, ed., 18. Thayer Samuels, Harold and 19. Peggy of the a summary evolution of 20. For and Art O’Brien, 21. Esse Forester following the 1953 memorial exhibition. exhibition. the memorial 1953 following of the pages from information, This the Board of of the Art Committee provided was the hospital, of Governors Senior Archivist Gehrlich, Jim Mr. by 16, 1996. April Assistant, see Thayer sculptors animal American of West’s The in Bronze: “Preserved Tolles, West American The Wildlife,” Vanishing Thomas and Tolles eds., Thayer Bronze, in Metropolitan York’s (New Smith Brent Art, 2013), 56-83. of Museum Les Animaliers 1971), 4. Club, Collector’s accessed December 1, 2014, York, New http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/ the-collection-online/search?ft=barye and Drawings, Paintings, Remington, Museum Carter Amon the in Sculpture Foundation Richardson W. Sid The and Harry N. Abrams, Collections York: (New 1973), 13, 25. Museum Metropolitan the in Sculpture Yale Haven: (New ed. 2 vols., Art, of 2001), 380–381. Press, University (New A Biography Remington, Frederic 1982), 139. Paul Doubleday, York: and (Urbana Shows West Reddin, Wild Press, Illinois of Chicago,University 1999), 88, 96. H. Hassrick, see Peter in bronze cowboys American in The in Bronze,” “Cowboys Tolles eds., Thayer Bronze, in West York: (New Smith Brent Thomas and Art, 2013), of Museum Metropolitan 84–115. Publishing (Dallas: Tardy Texas of Artists

of 1908 in Fairmont 1908 in Fairmont of (Lanham, Maryland and New New and Maryland (Lanham, Buffalo Bill, the Scout, 1923. Scout, the Bill, Buffalo Steeplechasing; A Steeplechasing; Winants, 10. Peter Vanderbilt The Auchincloss, 11. Louis 389-98. 12. Ibid, #1 and Josephine 13. Casts of numbered in the Ferargil catalog. catalog. in the Ferargil numbered to retained been have numbers These subjects. of similar works differentiate 10, number #2, catalog Horse Standing Its bronze. dated earliest her is 1917 of today. unknown is location complete History of the Sport in North America The Derrydale 2000), 30. Press, York: York: Age (New Gilded of a Profiles Era: 1989), 355. Scribner, bronzes seven other #2 and Josephine Hospitals– York the New to given were H. George by Center Cornell Medical Galleries Ferargil III through Warren is a professor of art history and Dean art history and of a professor is an

Like them, Warren deserves greater recognition for her her for deserves recognition greater Like them, Warren Any assessment of the work of Constance Whitney Warren Warren Whitney Constance of the work of assessment Any of the College of Fine Arts at Texas Christian University. Texas Arts Fine at the College of of work, and for her willingness to follow her imagination into a into imagination her follow willingness to her for and work, at unexplored largely arena male-dominated and male-oriented artists. female the time by must align her with Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, Sally Whitney, align Gertrude with her must Vanderbilt a pioneering as Huntington Hyatt Anna and Farnham, James families from were women All four sculptor. woman American and their artistic education facilitated whose resources the art. Between 1926 they of entered 1915 and production sculptural equestrian large-scale of male domain traditional their by those equal to done works produced and monuments male contemporaries. Sulliv A. Scott Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney. Whitney. Vanderbilt Gertrude U.S.A., Wyoming, Cody, Historical Center, Bill Buffalo H. 149 inches. Bronze, artist, 3.58. of the gift 12.5-foot-high The Wyoming. in Cody, Center Bill Historical may and Remington Frederic of the tradition follows bronze Cowboy life-sized his by been inspired have Philadelphia. Park, February 2-15, 1953 (New 2-15, 1953 (New February 9. Frederic Newlin Price, Constance Price, Newlin 9. Frederic Times, York New 8. Obituaries, 7. Cholly Knickerbocker, “Warren “Warren Knickerbocker, 7. Cholly 6. Austin American Statesman, Whitney Warren, 1888–1948, Memorial 1888–1948, Memorial Warren, Whitney Exhibition, Galleries, 1953), not Ferargil York: were sculptures Warren’s paginated. October 13, 1948. Heiress gets Decree from Court,” New Court,” Decree from gets Heiress 1922. Telephone Journal, Evening York July Warren, U. David with conversation 3, 1996. January 19, 1925. “Ma Ferguson Will Will Ferguson 19, 1925. “Ma January Times, York New Today,” Office Take 19, 1925. January (Paris: (Paris: Officielle 135 Exposition Salon 1922), des Champs-Elysees, Palais Grand 198. 1. Family information was graciously graciously was information 1. Family 2. Ibid. “Simple Knickerbocker, 3. Cholly American Gets an Count 4. “Another Le Francais Artistes des 5. Société

conveyed to the author by David U. U. David by the author to conveyed his by and nephew, Constance’s Warren, Also see Newport Warren. Lynne widow, October 13, 1948. News, Daily Warren Constance Makes Ceremony 1912. American, York New Countess,” family Warren from clipping Newspaper the New from presumably scrapbook, Sarah by provided kindly American, York MA. Pittsfield, K. Torodash, Dec. 19, American, York New Wife,” the from clipping 1912. Newspaper presumably scrapbook, family Warren American. York the New from

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