A Book of Discovery

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Book of Discovery Conditions and Terms of Use INTRODUCTION Copyright © Heritage History 2009 "Hope went before them, and the world was wide." Some rights reserved Such was the spirit in which the exploration of the world This text was produced and distributed by Heritage History, an organization was accomplished. It was the inspiration that carried men of old dedicated to the preservation of classical juvenile history books, and to the far beyond the sunrise into those magic and silent seas whereon promotion of the works of traditional history authors. no boat had ever sailed. It is the incentive of those to-day with the wander-thirst in their souls, who travel and suffer in the The books which Heritage History republishes are in the public domain and are no longer protected by the original copyright. They may therefore be reproduced travelling, though there are fewer prizes left to win. But within the United States without paying a royalty to the author. "The reward is in the doing, And the rapture of pursuing The text and pictures used to produce this version of the work, however, are Is the prize." the property of Heritage History and are licensed to individual users with some restrictions. These restrictions are imposed for the purpose of protecting the integrity "To travel hopefully," says Stevenson, "is a better thing of the work itself, for preventing plagiarism, and for helping to assure that than to arrive." This would explain the fact that this Book of compromised or incomplete versions of the work are not widely disseminated. Discovery has become a record of splendid endurance, of In order to preserve information regarding the origin of this text, a copyright hardships bravely borne, of silent toil, of courage and resolution by the author, and a Heritage History distribution date are included at the foot of unequalled in the annals of mankind, of self-sacrifice unrivalled every page of text. We request all electronic and printed versions of this text include and faithful lives laid ungrudgingly down. Of the many who these markings and that users adhere to the following restrictions. went forth, the few only attained. It is of these few that this book tells. 1) This text may be reproduced for personal or educational purposes as long as the original copyright and Heritage History version number are faithfully "All these," says the poet in Ecclesiastes—"all these were reproduced. honoured in their generation, and were the glory of their times . 2) You may not alter this text or try to pass off all or any part of it as your own . their name liveth for evermore." work. But while we read of those master-spirits who succeeded, 3) You may not distribute copies of this text for commercial purposes unless let us never forget those who failed to achieve. you have the prior written consent of Heritage History. "Anybody might have found it, but the Whisper came to Me." 4) This text is intended to be a faithful and complete copy of the original Enthusiasm too was the secret of their success. Among document. However, typos, omissions, and other errors may have occurred the best of crews there was always some one who would have during preparation, and Heritage History does not guarantee a perfectly turned back, but the world would never have been explored had reliable reproduction. it not been for those finer spirits who resolutely went on—even Permission to use Heritage History documents or images for commercial to the death. purposes, or more information about our collection of traditional history resources This is what carried Alexander the Great to the "earth's can be obtained by contacting us at [email protected] utmost verge," that drew Columbus across the trackless Atlantic, Original Copyright 1920 by M. B. Synge 2 Distributed by Heritage History 2009 that nerved Vasco da Gama to double the Stormy Cape, that For the most part we are struck with the light-heartedness induced Magellan to face the dreaded straits now called by his of the olden sailor, the shout of gladness with which men went name, that made it possible for men to face without flinching the forth on these hazardous undertakings, knowing not how they ice-bound regions of the far North. would arrive, or what might befall them by the way, went forth "There is no land uninhabitable, nor sea unnavigable," in the smallest of wooden ships, with the most incompetent of asserted the men of the sixteenth century, when England set crews, to face the dangers of unknown seas and unsuspected herself to take possession of her heritage in the North. Such an lands, to chance the angry storm and the hidden rock, to discover heroic temper could overcome all things. But the cost was great, inhospitable shores and savage foes. Founded on bitter the sufferings intense. experience is the old saying— "A Passage Perilous makyth a Port Pleasant." "Having eaten our shoes and saddles boiled with a few wild herbs, we set out to reach the kingdom of gold," says For the early navigators knew little of the art of navigation. Orellana in 1540. "We ate biscuit, but in truth it was biscuit no longer, but Pytheas, who discovered the British Isles, was "a great a powder full of worms,—so great was the want of food, that we mathematician." Diego Cam, who sailed to the mouth of the were forced to eat the hides with which the mainyard was Congo, was "a knight of the King's household." Sir Hugh covered; but we had also to make use of sawdust for food, and Willoughby, "a most valiant gentleman." Richard Chancellor, "a rats became a great delicacy," related Magellan, as he led his man of great estimation for many good parts of wit in him." little ship across the unknown Pacific. Anthony Jenkinson, a "resolute and intelligent gentleman." Sir Walter Raleigh, an Elizabethan courtier, and so forth. Again, there is Franklin returning from the Arctic coast, and stilling the pangs of hunger with "pieces of singed hide It has been obviously impossible to include all the mixed with lichen," varied with "the horns and bones of a dead famous names that belong to the history of exploration. Most of deer fried with some old shoes." these explorers have been chosen for some definite new discovery, some addition to the world's geographical knowledge, The dangers of the way were manifold. or some great feat of endurance which may serve to brace us to For the early explorers had no land map or ocean chart to fresh effort as a nation famous for our seamen. English guide them, there were no lighthouses to warn the strange navigators have been afforded the lion's share in the book, partly mariner of dangerous coast and angry surf, no books of travel to because they took the lion's share in exploring, partly because relate the weird doings of fierce and inhospitable savages, no translations of foreign travel are difficult to transcribe. Most of tinned foods to prevent the terrible scourge of sailors, scurvy. In these stories have been taken from original sources, and most of their little wooden sailing ships the men of old faced every the explorers have been allowed to tell part of their own story in conceivable danger, and surmounted obstacles unknown to their own words. modern civilisation. Perhaps the most graphic of all explorations is that "Now strike your Sails ye jolly Mariners, written by a native of West Australia, who accompanied an For we be come into a quiet Rode." exploring party searching for an English lad named Smith, who had been starved to death. Original Copyright 1920 by M. B. Synge 3 Distributed by Heritage History 2009 "Away, away, away, away; we reach the water of which is Paradise as a circular island, with the four rivers and the Djunjup; we shoot game. Away, away, away through a forest figures of Adam and Eve. In the centre is Jerusalem. The world away, through a forest away; we see no water. Through a forest is divided into three—Asia, "Affrica," and Europe. Around this away, along our tracks away; hills ascending, then pleasantly earth-island flows the ocean. America is, of course, absent; the away, away, through a forest away. We see a water—along the East is placed at Paradise and the West at the Pillars of Hercules. river away—a short distance we go, then away, away, away North and South are left to the imagination. through a forest away. Then along another river away, across the And what of the famous map of Juan de la Cosa, once river away. Still we go onwards, along the sea away, through the pilot to Columbus, drawn in the fifteenth century, with St. bush away, then along the sea away. We sleep near the sea. I see Christopher carrying the infant Christ across the water, supposed Mr. Smith's footsteps ascending a sandhill; onwards I go to be a portrait of Christopher Columbus carrying the gospel to regarding his footsteps. I see Mr. Smith dead. Two sleeps had he America? It is the first map in which a dim outline appears of the been dead; greatly did I weep, and much I grieved. In his blanket New World. folding him, we scraped away the earth. The sun had inclined to the westward as we laid him in the ground." The early maps of "Apphrica" are filled with camels and unicorns, lions and tigers, veiled figures and the turrets and The book is illustrated with reproductions from old spires of strange buildings— maps—old primitive maps, with a real Adam and Eve standing "Geographers in Afric maps in the Garden of Eden, with Pillars of Hercules guarding the With savage pictures fill their gaps." Straits of Gibraltar, with Paradise in the east, a realistic Jerusalem in the centre, the island of Thule in the north, and St.
Recommended publications
  • "AUSTRALIA and HER NAVIGATORS" [By the President, COMMANDER NORMAN S
    78 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS "AUSTRALIA AND HER NAVIGATORS" [By the President, COMMANDER NORMAN S. PIXLEY, C.M.G., M.B.E., V.R.D., Kt.O.N., F.R.Hist.S.Q.] (Read at a Meeting of the Society on 24 September 1970.) Joseph Conrad in his writings, refers to "The mysteriously born traditions of seacraft, command, and unity in an occu­ pation in which men's lives depend on each other." Still true today, how much more was this so with the mariners of long ago, who sailed in smaU ships for thousands of lonely leagues through unknown seas, for on them alone rested the safety of the ship and all on board. Dr. Johnson wrote "No man will be a saUor who has con­ trivance to get himself into jaU, for being in a ship is being in a jail with the chance of being drowned." There was more than an element of truth in this, for the seaman who refused to sail could be clapped in jail; whUst THE PRESIDENT, COMMANDER NORMAN S PIXLEY 79 those who did sail faced months in a confined space with acute discomfort, severe punishment at times, and provisions and water which deteriorated as the voyage proceeded. Scurvy kiUed more than storm and shipwreck until James Cook in his first voyage proved that it could be prevented. Clothing was rarely changed, the sailor coming wet to his hammock from his watch on deck in bad weather. Rats and cockroaches lived and thrived amongst the pro­ visions, adding to the problems of hygiene and health.
    [Show full text]
  • TRANSIENT LUNAR PHENOMENA: REGULARITY and REALITY Arlin P
    The Astrophysical Journal, 697:1–15, 2009 May 20 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/697/1/1 C 2009. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. TRANSIENT LUNAR PHENOMENA: REGULARITY AND REALITY Arlin P. S. Crotts Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA Received 2007 June 27; accepted 2009 February 20; published 2009 April 30 ABSTRACT Transient lunar phenomena (TLPs) have been reported for centuries, but their nature is largely unsettled, and even their existence as a coherent phenomenon is controversial. Nonetheless, TLP data show regularities in the observations; a key question is whether this structure is imposed by processes tied to the lunar surface, or by terrestrial atmospheric or human observer effects. I interrogate an extensive catalog of TLPs to gauge how human factors determine the distribution of TLP reports. The sample is grouped according to variables which should produce differing results if determining factors involve humans, and not reflecting phenomena tied to the lunar surface. Features dependent on human factors can then be excluded. Regardless of how the sample is split, the results are similar: ∼50% of reports originate from near Aristarchus, ∼16% from Plato, ∼6% from recent, major impacts (Copernicus, Kepler, Tycho, and Aristarchus), plus several at Grimaldi. Mare Crisium produces a robust signal in some cases (however, Crisium is too large for a “feature” as defined). TLP count consistency for these features indicates that ∼80% of these may be real. Some commonly reported sites disappear from the robust averages, including Alphonsus, Ross D, and Gassendi.
    [Show full text]
  • Papéis Normativos E Práticas Sociais
    Agnes Ayres (1898-194): Rodolfo Valentino e Agnes Ayres em “The Sheik” (1921) The Donovan Affair (1929) The Affairs of Anatol (1921) The Rubaiyat of a Scotch Highball Broken Hearted (1929) Cappy Ricks (1921) (1918) Bye, Bye, Buddy (1929) Too Much Speed (1921) Their Godson (1918) Into the Night (1928) The Love Special (1921) Sweets of the Sour (1918) The Lady of Victories (1928) Forbidden Fruit (1921) Coals for the Fire (1918) Eve's Love Letters (1927) The Furnace (1920) Their Anniversary Feast (1918) The Son of the Sheik (1926) Held by the Enemy (1920) A Four Cornered Triangle (1918) Morals for Men (1925) Go and Get It (1920) Seeking an Oversoul (1918) The Awful Truth (1925) The Inner Voice (1920) A Little Ouija Work (1918) Her Market Value (1925) A Modern Salome (1920) The Purple Dress (1918) Tomorrow's Love (1925) The Ghost of a Chance (1919) His Wife's Hero (1917) Worldly Goods (1924) Sacred Silence (1919) His Wife Got All the Credit (1917) The Story Without a Name (1924) The Gamblers (1919) He Had to Camouflage (1917) Detained (1924) In Honor's Web (1919) Paging Page Two (1917) The Guilty One (1924) The Buried Treasure (1919) A Family Flivver (1917) Bluff (1924) The Guardian of the Accolade (1919) The Renaissance at Charleroi (1917) When a Girl Loves (1924) A Stitch in Time (1919) The Bottom of the Well (1917) Don't Call It Love (1923) Shocks of Doom (1919) The Furnished Room (1917) The Ten Commandments (1923) The Girl Problem (1919) The Defeat of the City (1917) The Marriage Maker (1923) Transients in Arcadia (1918) Richard the Brazen (1917) Racing Hearts (1923) A Bird of Bagdad (1918) The Dazzling Miss Davison (1917) The Heart Raider (1923) Springtime à la Carte (1918) The Mirror (1917) A Daughter of Luxury (1922) Mammon and the Archer (1918) Hedda Gabler (1917) Clarence (1922) One Thousand Dollars (1918) The Debt (1917) Borderland (1922) The Girl and the Graft (1918) Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • EJC Cover Page
    Early Journal Content on JSTOR, Free to Anyone in the World This article is one of nearly 500,000 scholarly works digitized and made freely available to everyone in the world by JSTOR. Known as the Early Journal Content, this set of works include research articles, news, letters, and other writings published in more than 200 of the oldest leading academic journals. The works date from the mid-seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries. We encourage people to read and share the Early Journal Content openly and to tell others that this resource exists. People may post this content online or redistribute in any way for non-commercial purposes. Read more about Early Journal Content at http://about.jstor.org/participate-jstor/individuals/early- journal-content. JSTOR is a digital library of academic journals, books, and primary source objects. JSTOR helps people discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content through a powerful research and teaching platform, and preserves this content for future generations. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization that also includes Ithaka S+R and Portico. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Nov. 2, 1888,and Feb. 1,1889.1 459 [Phillips. An Accountof the CongoIndependent State. By Henry Phillips, Jr. (Read before the American Philosophical Society, November 2, 1888, and February 1, 1889.) HISTORY. The creation of the Congo Independent State may be considered as one of the most curious and most characteristic episodes of the nineteenth century. All settlements formerly made in unexplored countries were the results of missionary labors, or of wealth- or fame-seeking adventurers.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Transformation of Fort San Domingo in Tamsui, Taiwan, from the Perspective of Cultural Imagination
    This paper is part of the Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Defence Sites: Heritage and Future (DSHF 2016) www.witconferences.com Analysis of the spatiotemporal transformation of Fort San Domingo in Tamsui, Taiwan, from the perspective of cultural imagination C.-Y. Chang Ministry of the Interior, Architecture and Building Institute, Taiwan, ROC Abstract The timeline of transformation of Fort San Domingo shows that between the 1630s and 1860s it was used as a military defense; from the 1860s–1970s as a foreign consulate and then from the 1980s–2010s as a historical site. We can see different and contradictory explanations of the cultural imagination of remembrance, exoticism and the symbolism of anti-imperialism from the historical context of this military building. Keywords: spatiotemporal transformation, Fort San Domingo, Tamsui, cultural imagination. 1 Introduction Fort San Domingo is rather young compared to forts built in Europe, yet it has a different historical meaning for this island located in Eastern Asia. Fort San Domingo (聖多明哥城) was one of the earliest Grade I heritage sites first appointed under the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act in 1982. It is the most well preserved fortress that can be dated back to the golden age of expeditions made by the Dutch East India Company during the colonial era. Moreover, Fort San Domingo is also the first heritage that has been transformed into a modern museum. Named the Tamsui Historical Museum of New Taipei City, the fort and its surrounding historical buildings were listed as a Potential World Heritage Site in Taiwan by the Ministry of Cultural Heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • Water on the Moon, III. Volatiles & Activity
    Water on The Moon, III. Volatiles & Activity Arlin Crotts (Columbia University) For centuries some scientists have argued that there is activity on the Moon (or water, as recounted in Parts I & II), while others have thought the Moon is simply a dead, inactive world. [1] The question comes in several forms: is there a detectable atmosphere? Does the surface of the Moon change? What causes interior seismic activity? From a more modern viewpoint, we now know that as much carbon monoxide as water was excavated during the LCROSS impact, as detailed in Part I, and a comparable amount of other volatiles were found. At one time the Moon outgassed prodigious amounts of water and hydrogen in volcanic fire fountains, but released similar amounts of volatile sulfur (or SO2), and presumably large amounts of carbon dioxide or monoxide, if theory is to be believed. So water on the Moon is associated with other gases. Astronomers have agreed for centuries that there is no firm evidence for “weather” on the Moon visible from Earth, and little evidence of thick atmosphere. [2] How would one detect the Moon’s atmosphere from Earth? An obvious means is atmospheric refraction. As you watch the Sun set, its image is displaced by Earth’s atmospheric refraction at the horizon from the position it would have if there were no atmosphere, by roughly 0.6 degree (a bit more than the Sun’s angular diameter). On the Moon, any atmosphere would cause an analogous effect for a star passing behind the Moon during an occultation (multiplied by two since the light travels both into and out of the lunar atmosphere).
    [Show full text]
  • Johannes Gutenberg Zim:///A/Johannes Gutenberg.Html
    People David Livingstone p2 Henry Morton Stanley p12 Johann Gutenberg p16 Leonardo da Vinci p24 http://cd3wd.com wikipedia-for-schools http://gutenberg.org page no: 1 of 41 David Livingstone zim:///A/David_Livingstone.html David Livingstone 2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection. Related subjects: British History 1750-1900; Geographers and explorers David Livingstone ( 19 March 1813 – 1 May 1873) was a British Congregationalist pioneer medical missionary with the London Missionary Society and explorer in central Africa. He was the first European David Livingstone to see Mosi-oa-Tunya (Victoria Falls), to which he gave the English name in honour of his monarch, Queen Victoria. He is the subject of the meeting with H. M. Stanley, which gave rise to the popular quotation, " Dr Livingstone, I presume?" Perhaps one of the most popular national heroes of the late-nineteenth century in Victorian Britain, Livingstone had a mythic status, which operated on a number of interconnected levels: that of Protestant missionary martyr, that of working-class "rags to riches" inspirational story, that of scientific investigator and explorer, that of imperial reformer, anti-slavery crusader and advocate of commercial empire. His fame as an explorer helped drive forward the obsession with discovering the sources of the Nile River that formed the culmination of the classic period of European geographical discovery and colonial penetration of the African continent. At the same time his missionary travels, "disappearance" and death in Africa, and subsequent glorification as posthumous national hero in 1874 led to the founding of several major central African Christian missionary initiatives carried forward in the era of the European "Scramble for Africa." Early life Born 19 March 1813 David Livingstone was born on March 19, 1813 in the mill town of Blantyre, Lanarkshire, Scotland, into Blantyre, United Kingdom a Protestant family believed to be descended from the highland Livingstones, a clan that had been Died 4 May 1873 (aged 60) previously known as the Clan MacLea.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix Appendix
    APPENDIX APPENDIX DYNASTIC LISTS, WITH GOVERNORS AND GOVERNORS-GENERAL Burma and Arakan: A. Rulers of Pagan before 1044 B. The Pagan dynasty, 1044-1287 C. Myinsaing and Pinya, 1298-1364 D. Sagaing, 1315-64 E. Ava, 1364-1555 F. The Toungoo dynasty, 1486-1752 G. The Alaungpaya or Konbaung dynasty, 1752- 1885 H. Mon rulers of Hanthawaddy (Pegu) I. Arakan Cambodia: A. Funan B. Chenla C. The Angkor monarchy D. The post-Angkor period Champa: A. Linyi B. Champa Indonesia and Malaya: A. Java, Pre-Muslim period B. Java, Muslim period C. Malacca D. Acheh (Achin) E. Governors-General of the Netherlands East Indies Tai Dynasties: A. Sukhot'ai B. Ayut'ia C. Bangkok D. Muong Swa E. Lang Chang F. Vien Chang (Vientiane) G. Luang Prabang 954 APPENDIX 955 Vietnam: A. The Hong-Bang, 2879-258 B.c. B. The Thuc, 257-208 B.C. C. The Trieu, 207-I I I B.C. D. The Earlier Li, A.D. 544-602 E. The Ngo, 939-54 F. The Dinh, 968-79 G. The Earlier Le, 980-I009 H. The Later Li, I009-I225 I. The Tran, 1225-I400 J. The Ho, I400-I407 K. The restored Tran, I407-I8 L. The Later Le, I4I8-I8o4 M. The Mac, I527-I677 N. The Trinh, I539-I787 0. The Tay-Son, I778-I8o2 P. The Nguyen Q. Governors and governors-general of French Indo­ China APPENDIX DYNASTIC LISTS BURMA AND ARAKAN A. RULERS OF PAGAN BEFORE IOH (According to the Burmese chronicles) dat~ of accusion 1. Pyusawti 167 2. Timinyi, son of I 242 3· Yimminpaik, son of 2 299 4· Paikthili, son of 3 .
    [Show full text]
  • Discovery of Van Diemen's Land in 1642 with Notes on the Localities Mentioned in Tasman's Journal of the Voyage
    ( No. 80.) 1891. PARLIAMENT OF TASMANIA. DISCOVERY OF ·VAN DIEMEN'S LAND . IN 1642 :. WITH NOTES ON THE LOCALITIES MENTIONED IN TASlVIAN'S JOURNAL OF THE VOYAGE. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by His Excellency's Command .. THE D'ISCO'VERY OF VAN D'lEMEN~s LAND IN 1642; WI'£H NOTES ON THE LOC .A.LITIES :MENTION E,n IN TASMAN'S JOURNAL OF THE VOYAGE. BY JAMES BAOKHOUSE WALKER ABEL J anszoon Tasman was unquestionably one of East Indies published in 1726, gave a inore extended the greatest, if not the greatest, of the navigators between account, illustrated by copies of Tasman's maps and Magellan, who in the early years of the 16th century sketches. But the joumal itself remained practically first crossed the Pacific Ocean, and Cook, who in the unknown until a copy of it and of the original sketches latter years of the 18th practically opened Oceania and and charts was discovered in London in 1776 and pur­ Austrnlia to Europe. chased for half a guinea. This MS. aftei:wards came Little is known of Tasman's personal history, except into the possession of Sir Joseph Banks, and he employed that he was born about the year 1602, at Hoorn on the the Rev. C. G. Waide, a Dutch clergyman living in Zuyder Zee, a seaport which produced many another London," to make a translation of it. Thirty years later hardy navigator. Tasman has made familiar in our seas the substance of this translation was printed by Dr. the name of one of these fellow townsmen, the Cornelis­ Burney in his "History of Discovery in the South Sea," zoon Schouten, who in 1616 doubled the Cape, :softerwards published in J 814.
    [Show full text]
  • Nicholas Murray BUTLER Arranged Correspondence Box Contents Box
    Nicholas Murray BUTLER Arranged Correspondence Box contents Box# Box contents 1 Catalogued correspondence 2 A-AB 3 AC - ADAMS, J. 4 ADAMS, K.-AG 5 AH-AI 6 AJ-ALD 7 ALE-ALLEN, E. 8 ALLEN, F.-ALLEN, W. 9 ALLEN, Y. - AMERICAN AC. 10 AMERICAN AR. - AMERICAN K. 11 AMERICAN L.-AMZ 12 ANA-ANG 13 ANH-APZ 14 AR-ARZ 15 AS-AT 16 AU-AZ 17 B-BAC 18 BAD-BAKER, G. 19 BAKER, H. - BALDWIN 20 BALE-BANG 21 BANH-BARD 22 BARD-BARNES, J. 23 BARNES, N.-BARO 24 BARR-BARS 25 BART-BAT 26 BAU-BEAM 27 BEAN-BED 28 BEE-BELL, D. 29 BELL,E.-BENED 30 BENEF-BENZ 31 BER-BERN 32 BERN-BETT 33 BETTS-BIK 34 BIL-BIR 35 BIS-BLACK, J. 36 BLACK, K.-BLAN 37 BLANK-BLOOD 38 BLOOM-BLOS 39 BLOU-BOD 40 BOE-BOL 41 BON-BOOK 42 BOOK-BOOT 43 BOR-BOT 44 BOU-BOWEN 45 BOWER-BOYD 46 BOYER-BRAL 47 BRAM-BREG 48 BREH-BRIC 49 BRID - BRIT 50 BRIT-BRO 51 BROG-BROOKS 52 BROOKS-BROWN 53 BROWN 54 BROWN-BROWNE 55 BROWNE -BRYA 56 BRYC - BUD 57 BUE-BURD 58 BURE-BURL 59 BURL-BURR 60 BURS-BUTC 61 BUTLER, A. - S. 62 BUTLER, W.-BYZ 63 C-CAI 64 CAL-CAMPA 65 CAMP - CANFIELD, JAMES H. (-1904) 66 CANFIELD, JAMES H. (1905-1910) - CANT 67 CAP-CARNA 68 CARNEGIE (1) 69 CARNEGIE (2) ENDOWMENT 70 CARN-CARR 71 CAR-CASTLE 72 CAT-CATH 73 CATL-CE 74 CH-CHAMB 75 CHAMC - CHAP 76 CHAR-CHEP 77 CHER-CHILD, K.
    [Show full text]
  • Antipodes: in Search of the Southern Continent Is a New History of an Ancient Geography
    ANTIPODES In Search of the Southern Continent AVAN JUDD STALLARD Antipodes: In Search of the Southern Continent is a new history of an ancient geography. It reassesses the evidence for why Europeans believed a massive southern continent existed, About the author and why they advocated for its Avan Judd Stallard is an discovery. When ships were equal historian, writer of fiction, and to ambitions, explorers set out to editor based in Wimbledon, find and claim Terra Australis— United Kingdom. As an said to be as large, rich and historian he is concerned with varied as all the northern lands both the messy detail of what combined. happened in the past and with Antipodes charts these how scholars “create” history. voyages—voyages both through Broad interests in philosophy, the imagination and across the psychology, biological sciences, high seas—in pursuit of the and philology are underpinned mythical Terra Australis. In doing by an abiding curiosity about so, the question is asked: how method and epistemology— could so many fail to see the how we get to knowledge and realities they encountered? And what we purport to do with how is it a mythical land held the it. Stallard sees great benefit gaze of an era famed for breaking in big picture history and the free the shackles of superstition? synthesis of existing corpuses of That Terra Australis did knowledge and is a proponent of not exist didn’t stop explorers greater consilience between the pursuing the continent to its sciences and humanities. Antarctic obsolescence, unwilling He lives with his wife, and to abandon the promise of such dog Javier.
    [Show full text]
  • Congo River Sand and the Equatorial Quartz Factory
    Earth-Science Reviews 197 (2019) 102918 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Congo River sand and the equatorial quartz factory T ⁎ Eduardo Garzantia, , Pieter Vermeeschb, Giovanni Vezzolia, Sergio Andòa, Eleonora Bottia, Mara Limontaa, Pedro Dinisc, Annette Hahnd, Daniel Baudete, Johan De Gravef, Nicole Kitambala Yayag a Laboratory for Provenance Studies, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy b London Geochronology Centre, Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK c Department of Earth Sciences, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Portugal d MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany e Geodynamics & Mineral Resources, Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium f Department of Geology and Soil Science (WE13), MINPET, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, WE13, B-9000 Gent, Belgium g CRGM Centre de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, 44, Av. de la Démocratie, Kinshasa-Gombe, Democratic Republic of Congo ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: A never solved problem in sedimentary petrology is the origin of sandstone consisting exclusively of quartz and Provenance analysis most durable heavy minerals. The Congo River offers an excellent test case to investigate under which tectonic, Equatorial weathering geomorphological, climatic, and geochemical conditions pure quartzose sand is generated today. In both upper U-Pb zircon geochronology and lowermost parts of the catchment, tributaries contain significant amounts of feldspars, rock fragments, or Zircon weatherability moderately stable heavy minerals pointing at the central basin as the main location of the “quartz factory”.
    [Show full text]