The Restoration of the Arch of Titus in The
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Iudaea Capta Vs. Mother Zion: the Flavian Discourse on Judaeans and Its Delegitimation in 4 Ezra
Journal for the Study of Judaism 49 (2018) 498-550 Journal for the Study of Judaism brill.com/jsj Iudaea Capta vs. Mother Zion: The Flavian Discourse on Judaeans and Its Delegitimation in 4 Ezra G. Anthony Keddie1 Assistant Professor, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada [email protected] Abstract This study proposes that the empire-wide Iudaea capta discourse should be viewed as a motivating pressure on the author of 4 Ezra. The discourse focused on Iudaea capta, Judaea captured, was pervasive across the Roman empire following the First Revolt. Though initiated by the Flavians, it became misrecognized across the Mediterranean and was expressed in a range of media. In this article, I examine the diverse evidence for this discourse and demonstrate that it not only cast Judaeans as barbaric enemies of Rome using a common set of symbols, but also attributed responsibility for a minor provincial revolt to a transregional ethnos/gens. One of the most distinctive symbols of this discourse was a personification of Judaea as a mourning woman. I argue that 4 Ezra delegitimates this Iudaea capta discourse, with its mourning woman, through the counter-image of a Mother Zion figure who transforms into the eschatological city. Keywords Iudaea capta/Judaea capta − Flavian dynasty − 4 Ezra − Roman iconography − Jewish-Roman relations − Mother Zion − apocalyptic discourse − First Jewish Revolt 1 I would like to thank Steven Friesen and L. Michael White for their helpful feedback and insightful suggestions on earlier versions of this study. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2018 | doi:10.1163/15700631-12494235Downloaded from Brill.com10/06/2021 11:31:49PM via free access Iudaea Capta vs. -
A Historical Aspect of the Restoration Measure, Distinctions of Original and New Architectural Materials : a Case Study and Spreads in Italy and in the World
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE A Historical Aspect of the Restoration Measure, Distinctions of Original and New Architectural Materials : A Case Study and Spreads in Italy and in the World 著者 大場 豪 号 59 学位授与機関 Tohoku University 学位授与番号 工博第5122号 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10097/62696 おお ば ごう 氏名 EA 大 場 豪 授与学位 A EA 博士(工学) 学位授与年月日 A EA 平成27年3月25日 学位授与の根拠法規 学位規則第 4 条第 1 項 研究科,専攻の名称 東北大学大学院工学研究科(博士課程)都市・建築学専攻 学位論文題目 A EA A Historical Aspect of the Restoration Measure, Distinctions of Original and New Architectural Materials: A Case Study and Spreads in Italy and in the World 指導教員 東北大学准教授 飛ヶ谷潤一郎 論文審査委員 A EA 主査 東北大学教授 飛ヶ谷潤一郎 東北大学教授 石田壽一 東北大学教授 五十嵐太郎 論文内容要旨 A E The distinction of original and new architectural materials is the restoration method especially applied for reassembling archaeological monuments. These members are distinguishable, for examples, by means of using different types of architectural members or of sculpturing the newly inserted parts plane unlike the original ones with detailed ornaments. According to the Venice Charter―the international guidelines on the restorations of monuments and sites―, it regards the former material as a respectable 1 element to achieve the intervention goalP0F .P The genuine also has an important role; it is one of information sources to evaluate the authenticity of UNESCO World Cultural Heritage sites. These roles testify values of original materials in Europe where many historical buildings contain durable materials such as stone and bricks. In order to comprehend their importance historically, this dissertation deals with following steps until the restoration measure became the global method. -
Life in the Roman Empire a Roman City Typically Had a Forum
CK_3_TH_HG_P091_145.QXD 4/11/05 10:56 AM Page 133 himself. Commodus spent much of his time not governing but racing chariots and fighting as a gladiator in the amphitheater. He fought hundreds of times and Teaching Idea killed lions, panthers, and elephants—and men—by the scores. In his famous his- Roman homes were lit with terra- tory, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, the historian Edward Gibbon memo- cotta or bronze lamps. Have students rably described the character of Commodus as a man more intent on pursuing his make their own lamps using the own pleasure than leading his people. directions on Instructional Master 22, Commodus was strangled to death in his bath in 192 CE. After his death, the Making a Terra-Cotta Lamp. After Senate ordered that all mention of him and his reign be expunged from the doing this activity, have students records. write a description of why it would be important to have these lamps in a Another famously wicked emperor was Nero, who ruled Rome well before Roman house. Compare and contrast Commodus, from 54–68 CE. Nero was given a good education—his tutor was the the use of these lamps to the lights philosopher Seneca—but he used his powers as emperor to suit his own purposes. that students use in their own homes. In the second year of his reign, he grew resentful of his mother’s attempts to con- What are the similarities and differ- trol him and began scheming to get rid of her. After having his mother murdered, ences? What are the advantages and he later murdered his wife and then married his mistress. -
Rodolfo Lanciani, the Ruins and Excavations of Ancient Rome, 1897, P
10/29/2010 1 Primus Adventus ad Romam Urbem Aeternam Your First Visit to Rome The Eternal City 2 Accessimus in Urbe AeternA! • Welcome, traveler! Avoiding the travails of the road, you arrived by ship at the port of Ostia; from there, you’ve had a short journey up the Via Ostiensis into Roma herself. What do you see there? 3 Quam pulchra est urbs aeterna! • What is there to see in Rome? • What are some monuments you have heard of? • How old are the buildings in Rome? • How long would it take you to see everything important? 4 Map of Roma 5 The Roman Forum • “According to the Roman legend, Romulus and Tatius, after the mediation of the Sabine women, met on the very spot where the battle had been fought, and made peace and an alliance. The spot, a low, damp, grassy field, exposed to the floods of the river Spinon, took the name of “Comitium” from the verb coire, to assemble. It is possible that, in consequence of the alliance, a road connecting the Sabine and the Roman settlements was made across these swamps; it became afterwards the Sacra Via…. 6 The Roman Forum • “…Tullus Hostilius, the third king, built a stone inclosure on the Comitium, for the meeting of the Senators, named from him Curia Hostilia; then came the state prison built by Ancus Marcius in one of the quarries (the Tullianum). The Tarquin [kings] drained the land, gave the Forum a regular (trapezoidal) shape, divided the space around its borders into building- lots, and sold them to private speculators for shops and houses, the fronts of which were to be lined with porticoes.” --Rodolfo Lanciani, The Ruins and Excavations of Ancient Rome, 1897, p. -
The Architecture of Roman Temples
P1: JzL 052181068XAgg.xml CB751B/Stamper 0 521 81068 X August 28, 2004 17:30 The Architecture of Roman Temples - The Republic to the Middle Empire John W. Stamper University of Notre Dame iii P1: JzL 052181068XAgg.xml CB751B/Stamper 0 521 81068 X August 28, 2004 17:30 published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, uk 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, usa 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, vic 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon´ 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C John W. Stamper 2005 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2005 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typefaces Bembo 11/14 pt., Weiss, Trajan, and Janson System LATEX 2ε [tb] A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Stamper, John W. The architecture of Roman temples : the republic to the middle empire / John W. Stamper. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-521-81068-x 1. Temples, Roman – Italy – Rome. 2. Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus (Rome, Italy) 3. Architecture, Roman – Italy – Rome – Influence. 4. Rome (Italy) -
Bsmith-Romanarchitecture.Pdf
Roman Architecture The city of Rome grew to power in the centre of Italy between two older cultures, the culture of the Etruscan cities in the centre and north, and the Greek settlements in Sicily and the south of Italy. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that roman architecture was influenced in its development very strongly by Etruscan architecture and by Greek architecture. Let us begin therefore by looking first at Etruscan temple architecture which provided the basic source for the Roman temple. No complete Etruscan temples have survived. Here* is a conjectural reconstruction based on evidence from surviving terra-cotta models. Like the early Greek temples the early Etruscan temples were largely built of wood, and consisted, like the Greek temples, of a porched or porticoed hall, the inner sanctuary or cella to house the image of the god or goddess, the portico, to protect the worshippers from the weather. Unlike Greek temples, however, which usually rested upon a low platform or stylobate of three or four steps, the Etruscan temple was raised on a high platform or podium. The porch as often quite deep, as deep, at times, as the cella itself. The cella was inside and often square, and at times was divided by walls into three different chapels or shrines. Of considerable significance however, is the fact that the Etruscans always roofed their buildings with wood, even when, like the Greeks, they substituted stone for the columns. The retention of wooden architraves meant that the Etruscans did not have to space their columns as closely as the Greeks did when they came to use stone architraves. -
Read Ebook > the Circus Maximus and the Colosseum: the History
6O7WQUKLJUMD ^ eBook // The Circus Maximus and the Colosseum: The History of Ancient Rome s... Th e Circus Maximus and th e Colosseum: Th e History of A ncient Rome s Most Famous Sports V enues (Paperback) Filesize: 2.44 MB Reviews This publication might be well worth a read through, and much better than other. It is amongst the most incredible book i actually have read through. I am delighted to tell you that here is the finest book i actually have read through inside my own life and could be he best ebook for possibly. (Aracely Hickle) DISCLAIMER | DMCA WHRHDX3IHYKK « Kindle « The Circus Maximus and the Colosseum: The History of Ancient Rome s... THE CIRCUS MAXIMUS AND THE COLOSSEUM: THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT ROME S MOST FAMOUS SPORTS VENUES (PAPERBACK) Createspace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018. Paperback. Condition: New. Language: English . Brand New Book ***** Print on Demand *****.*Includes pictures *Includes ancient accounts *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading The ambitious and fearless emperors that built the legendary Roman Empire from scratch, the broad-shouldered and bronzed gladiators with their iconic plume helmets and glinting swords, and elaborate parties attended by toga-wearing Romans fueled by alcohol, violence, orgies, and other godless acts all paint a picture of Roman life. At the Circus Maximus, the guttural cheers of the spectators reverberated across the enormous open space, but their cries could hardly be heard over the rumble of the ground. On the ellipse-shaped track, 5 charioteers would skew their bodies and steer their magnificent vehicles around the curves. -
Brief History of the Roman Empire -Establishment of Rome in 753 BC
Brief History of the Roman Empire -Establishment of Rome in 753 BC (or 625 BC) -Etruscan domination of Rome (615-509 BC) -Roman Republic (510 BC to 23 BC) -The word 'Republic' itself comes from the Latin (the language of the Romans) words 'res publica' which mean 'public matters' or 'matters of state'. Social System -Rome knew four classes of people. -The lowest class were the slaves. They were owned by other people. They had no rights at all. -The next class were the plebeians. They were free people. But they had little say at all. -The second highest class were the equestrians (sometimes they are called the 'knights'). Their name means the 'riders', as they were given a horse to ride if they were called to fight for Rome. To be an equestrian you had to be rich. -The highest class were the nobles of Rome. They were called 'patricians'. All the real power in Rome lay with them. Emperors of the Roman Empire -Imperial Period (27BC-395AD) Augustus: Rome's first emperor. He also added many territories to the empire. Nero: He was insane. He murdered his mother and his wife and threw thousands of Christians to the lions. Titus: Before he was emperor he destroyed the great Jewish temple of Solomon in Jerusalem. Trajan: He was a great conqueror. Under his rule the empire reached its greatest extent. Diocletian: He split the empire into two pieces - a western and an eastern empire. -Imperial Period (27BC-395AD) Hadrian: He built 'Hadrian's Wall' in the north of Britain to shield the province from the northern barbarians. -
Framing the Sun: the Arch of Constantine and the Roman Cityscape Elizabeth Marlowe
Framing the Sun: The Arch of Constantine and the Roman Cityscape Elizabeth Marlowe To illustrate sonif oi the key paradigm shifts of their disci- C^onstantine by considering the ways its topographical setting pline, art historians often point to the fluctuating fortunes of articulates a relation between the emperor's military \ictoiy ihe Arrh of Constantine. Reviled by Raphael, revered by Alois and the favor of the sun god.'' Riegl, condemned anew by the reactionary Bernard Beren- son and conscripted by the openly Marxist Ranucchio Bian- The Position of the Arch rhi Bandineili, the arch has .sened many agendas.' Despite In Rome, triumphal arches usually straddled the (relatively their widely divergent conclusions, however, these scholars all fixed) route of the triumphal procession.^ Constantine's share a focus on the internal logic of the arcb's decorative Arch, built between 312 and 315 to celebrate his victory over program. Time and again, the naturalism of the monument's the Rome-based usuiper Maxentius (r. 306-12) in a bloody spoliated, second-century reliefs is compared to the less or- civil war, occupied prime real estate, for the options along ganic, hieratic style f)f the fourth-<:entur\'canings. Out of that the "Via Triumphalis" (a modern term but a handy one) must contrast, sweeping theorie.s of regrettable, passive decline or have been rather limited by Constantine's day. The monu- meaningful, active transformation are constructed. This ment was built at the end of one of the longest, straightest methodology' has persisted at the expense of any analysis of stretches along the route, running from the southern end of the structure in its urban context. -
(Michelle-Erhardts-Imac's Conflicted Copy 2014-06-24).Pages
ROME MMXV Piety, Pagans and Popes CLST 370: Seminar Abroad in Rome 2015 From its foundation through its expansion as an empire, to the rise of the papacy, Rome has served as a showcase of political and religious power through art, architecture and urban form. This course will examine the Eternal City’s most significant architectural and urban sites, moving roughly in chronological order. We will discuss how individual monuments assume symbolic importance, how they serve as models of architectural style, and how the sites take on a “sacred” quality both inside and outside of a religious context. This course is intended to offer students an introduction to the city of Rome that is architectural, artistic, and topographic in nature. Excursions to Etruscan tombs, Assisi and Florence help put Rome in a larger cultural context. " Tentative Itinerary" Friday, May 29th! Arrival in Rome Benvenuto a Roma! Check into the Centro - Piazzale del Gianicolo (view of Rome) -A walk through Trastevere: Sta. Cecilia, church and underground domus; S. Francesco a Ripa; Sta. Maria; S. Pietro in Montorio (Bramante’s Tempietto)." Saturday, May 30th! Cerveteri - Tarquinia Etruscan Influences on Early Rome. Half-Day Trip to Cerveteri or Tarquinia followed by afternoon visit to the Villa " Giulia (Etruscan Museum). ! Sunday, May 31st! Circus Flaminius Foundations of Early Rome, Military Conquest and Urban Development. Isola Tiberina (cult of Asclepius/Aesculapius) - Santa Maria in Cosmedin: Ara Maxima Herculis - Forum Boarium: Temple of Hercules Victor and Temple of Portunus - San Omobono: Temples of Fortuna and Mater Matuta - San Nicola in Carcere - Triumphal Way Arcades, Temple of Apollo Sosianus, Porticus Octaviae, Theatre of Marcellus. -
The Colosseum As an Enduring Icon of Rome: a Comparison of the Reception of the Colosseum and the Circus Maximus
The Colosseum as an Enduring Icon of Rome: A Comparison of the Reception of the Colosseum and the Circus Maximus. “While stands the Coliseum, Rome shall stand; When falls the Coliseum, Rome shall fall; And when Rome falls - the World.”1 The preceding quote by Lord Byron is just one example of how the Colosseum and its spectacles have captivated people for centuries. However, before the Colosseum was constructed, the Circus Maximus served as Rome’s premier entertainment venue. The Circus was home to gladiator matches, animal hunts, and more in addition to the chariot races. When the Colosseum was completed in 80 CE, it became the new center of ancient Roman amusement. In the modern day, thousands of tourists each year visit the ruins of the Colosseum, while the Circus Maximus serves as an open field for joggers, bikers, and other recreational purposes, and is not necessarily an essential stop for tourists. The ancient Circus does not draw nearly the same crowds that the Colosseum does. Through an analysis of the sources, there are several explanations as to why the Colosseum remains a popular icon of Rome while the Circus Maximus has been neglected by many people, despite it being older than and just as popular as the Colosseum in ancient times. Historiography Early scholarship on the Colosseum and other amphitheaters focused on them as sites of death and immorality. Katherine Welch sites L. Friedländer as one who adopted such a view, 1 George Gordon Byron, “Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, canto IV, st. 145,” in The Selected Poetry of Lord Byron, edited by Leslie A. -
Roman Colosseum Guided Tour
Roman colosseum guided tour Continue How long does it take to tour the Colosseum? Tours of the Colosseum can last from 1.5 to 3 hours, depending on what type of tour you choose. If you decide to visit the Colosseum without a guide or audio guide, you will need about 1 hour for your visit. How much does a tour of the Colosseum cost? Colosseum tours vary in price, they can cost from 15 to 100 or more. It all depends on what kind of Coliseum tour you book and how detailed you want it to be. We offer to book one of the tours that we have chosen because you will get the best value for money! When can I book a Tour of the Colosseum? Tours of the Colosseum are available all year round. The Colosseum is not only open on January 1, May 1 and December 25. Can you tour the Colosseum on your own? If you are not a fan of group tours and would like to explore the Colosseum at your own pace, there are audio guides available. They will provide you with the information and navigation you need to know your way around and inside the Colosseum. Find out helpful tips about visiting the Colosseum. 1. If you have little time, if you clicked on the time in Rome, it would be best to choose the Colosseum tickets that offer to skip the entry lines not only of the Colosseum, the Roman Forum and Palatine Hill, but also at the Vatican Museums, the Sistine Chapel and/or st.